Measured and Simulated Crack Patterns

The differences between predicted and measured tensile strengths and fracture energy densities at fracture for each mixture in each test are always less than 13.0%. This implies that the method is able to predict the real fracture points or rather the tensile strength of asphalt mixtures regardless of the test configuration. Indeed the fact that it is possible to obtain calibrated input parameters from the Superpave IDT test results and successfully predict the stress-strain evolution for the Superpave IDT, SCB and 3PB tests, implies that the process represented in the models is capturing a real fracture process.

IDT- MIX N1 (PG58-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.55 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during IDT - mix N1

IDT – MIX N2 (PG58-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.56 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during IDT mix N2

IDT – MIX RM3.5 (PG64-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.57 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during the IDT - mix RM3.5

IDT – MIX RM5.0 (PG70-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.58 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during IDT - mix RM5.0

IDT – MIX LM3.5 (PG70-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.59 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during IDT - mix LM3.5

IDT – MIX LM6.5 (PG76-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.60 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during IDT - mix LM6.5

SCB – MIX N1 (PG64-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks

Figure 5.61 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during SCB - mix N1

SCB – MIX N2 (PG58-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.62 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during SCB - mix N2

SCB MIX RM3.5 (PG64-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.63 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during SCB - mix RM3.5

SCB MIX RM5.0 (PG70-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.64 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during SCB - mix RM5.0

SCB – MIX LM3.5 (PG70-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks

Figure 5.65 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during SCB - mix LM3.5

SCB – MIX LM6.5 (PG76-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks

Figure 5.66 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during SCB – mix LM6.5

3PB – MIX N1 (PG64-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.67 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during 3PB - mix N1

3PB – MIX N2 (PG58-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.68 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during 3PB - mix N2

3PB – MIX RM3.5 (PG64-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.69 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during 3PB - mix RM3.5

3PB – MIX RM5.0 (PG70-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.70 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during 3PB - mix RM5.0

3PB – MIX LM3.5 (PG70-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.71 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during 3PB - mix LM3.5

3PB – MIX LM6.5 (PG76-22)

Crack patterns at microcrack initiation Crack patterns at fracture point

Crack patterns at peak load Crack pattern at final load step

Strains at microcrack initiation Strains at fracture point

Strains at peak load Visible experimental cracks Figure 5.72 Predicted crack patterns and full field strain maps during 3PB - mix LM6.5