21 July 2021
AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino
Original Citation:
Knowledge integration to evaluate One Health: process evaluation of West Nile Virus integrated surveillance in Northern Italy
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KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION
TO EVALUATE ONE HEALTH
PROCESS EVALUATION OF WEST NILE VIRUS INTEGRATED SURVEILLANCE IN NORTHERN ITALY
Giulia Paternoster*1 Laura Tomassone*2 Monica Marchino2 WNV surveillance working groups of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Piedmont regions3
Barbara Vogler4 Giacomo Balduzzi5 Anna Rosa Favretto5
CREATING IMPACT FOR ONE HEALTH AND ECOHEALTH: ADVANCEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTATION, EVALUATION AND GOVERNANCE NEOH final conference 10-12 September 2018 Bologna, Italy
2. Method & results
3. Conclusion
The integration of knowledge, rules, and policy
objectives within the WG was identified as a key factor
influencing the implementation, effectiveness, social recognition, and results of the surveillance.
Formal and informal communication among the actors — constituting so called “communities of practice” [2]— is an
indicator of such integration, resulting in the generation of shared rules and procedures that may become
legally established. The nature and dynamics of
knowledge integration processes must be considered to build more powerful policies for public health protection. The integration of expertise from social and life
sciences helped us to perform a detailed analysis of the surveillance planning and implementation and to
describe the entire “elephant”, i.e. the surveillance, combining various perspectives.
The future step of our work will be to confront this process
evaluation with the assessment of the degree of OH
implementation of the WNV surveillance, performed according to the evaluation protocol developed by the
Network for Evaluation of OH (NEOH) [3].. This may result in
the validation of the NEOH evaluation protocol. We performed a process evaluation of West Nile virus
(WNV) surveillance in three regions of Northern Italy by integrating the expertise of social and life sciences. The evaluation was performed in 2017 and 2018 using focus
groups where surveillance “actors”—members of
transdisciplinary and trans-institutional working groups
(WG)— were interviewed as privileged observers. Our
evaluation combined the analysis of the surveillance
legal framework and organizational processes aiming to
investigate the relationship between scientific evidence
and the production and implementation of the
legislation aimed at protecting the population from WNV
disease.
giulia.paternoster@uzh.ch — laura.tomassone.unito.it
1. Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
2. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
3. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della
Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy — Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del
Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSTO), Turin, Italy — Regional Health Authority of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy — Unità Organizzativa Prevenzione, Direzione Generale Welfare, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy — Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza (AREU), Milan, Italy — Servizio di Riferimento
Regionale di Epidemiologia per la Sorveglianza la Prevenzione e il Controllo delle Malattie Infettive (SeREMI), Alessandria, Italy — Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli” (CAA), Crevalcore, Italy —
Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente (I.P.L.A.
S.p.a.), Turin, Italy — Regional Blood Center, Azienda
Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Bologna, Bologna, Italy —Agenzia di Tutela della Salute (ATS), Milan, Italy — Amedeo di Savoia Hospital ASL TO2, Turin, Italy — Azienda Sanitaria Locale AL (ASL AL),
Alessandria, Italy — Struttura regionale di
coordinamento per le attività trasfusionali ASL TO4 Ivrea, Turin, Italy - Struttura Complessa Igiene e
Sanità Pubblica ASL TO1, Torino, Italy
4. Department of Poultry Diseases, Instutite of
Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty,
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
5. Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
6. Department of Jurisprudence and Political,
Economic and Social Sciences, University of
Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
* These authors contributed equally to this work
This is a wall
This is a spear
This is a snake
This is a tree
This is a fan
This is a rope
The parable of the "Blind men and an elephant”. Illustrated by Robert W. Williams, 2017, modified
The core of One Health (OH) is the integration of
knowledge and perspectives at the science-policy
interface. Its key mechanism is transdisciplinarity, which integrates society and science by including relevant
stakeholders to effectively tackle complex health problems
[1]. Accordingly, the evaluation of OH initiatives requires a
transdisciplinary approach, integrating multiple sciences and perspectives.
1. Introduction
Rüegg SR, McMahon BJ, Häsler B, et al. A Blueprint to Evaluate One Health. Frontiers in Public Health. 2017;5:20. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00020.
Wenger E, McDermott RA, Snyder W. Cultivating Communities of Practice: A Guide to Managing Knowledge. 2002. Harvard Business School Press: Boston, Mass. [1]
[2]
The authors would like to thank all focus groups participants and NEOH
4. References
Paternoster G, Tomassone L, Tamba M, et al. The Degree of One Health Implementation in the West Nile Virus Integrated Surveillance in Northern Italy, 2016. Frontiers in Public Health. 2017;5:236. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00236. [3]
The first version of the story is traceable to the Buddhist text Udana (mid 1st millennium BCE). A group of blind men, who have never come across
an elephant before, learn and conceptualize what the elephant is like by touching it. Each blind man feels a different part of the elephant body, they then describe the elephant based on their partial experience. The moral of the parable is that humans have a tendency to project their partial experiences as the whole truth,
