GDP per capita (€) and annual growth (%)
in China and the EU-28
Public finances, monetary and financial data
20% 40% 60% 80% 0% 2% 4% 6%
GDP per capita
(left axis)
EU-28
China
GDP growth
(right axis)
China
EU-28
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%China total unemployment and
female labour market participation
FDI and remittances to
China and the EU-28
€ thousand
28.3
2.0%
6.6%
8.1
Public debt (% of GDP)
Surplus/deficit (% of GDP)
EU-28
China
EU-28
China
7.8
2.1%
Renminbi/euro exchange rate (right axis)
China inflation rate (%, left axis)
69.0%
4.4%
Female labour force participation rate
(% of female population ages 15-64,
right axis)
Total unemployment (left axis)
EU-28
(2018)
6.6% 67.4%Remittances received (% of GDP)
FDI net inflows (% of GDP)
Chinese business environment and socio-economic indicators
The Ease of Doing Business’s ‘distance to frontier’ score assesses the overall level of regulatory performance of a country. It ranges from 0=’lowest performance’ to 100=’the frontier’, the best performance observed worldwide each year.
Rank
87/180 86/189 46/190 109/154Score
Ease of Doing Business
Human Development Index*
Corruption Perception Index
GINI Index*
Worst Best Best Worst 100 100 100 0 0 0 75.2 73.6 39.0 1000 42.2 The GINI Index measures the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. It is hence a measure of inequality in income distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality.
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the average achievement in key dimensions of human development. It is based on life expectancy at birth, average duration of education and GDP per capita. It ranges from 0 to 100. ‘High human development countries’ (UN) are in the range between 70 and 80. The Corruption Perception Index measures the perceived levels of public–sector corruption worldwide. Scores range from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). In 2016, two thirds of countries scored below 50.
China: Economic indicators and trade with EU
EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service
EUI | European University Institute
Authors: Nadejda Kresnichka-Nikolchova, Members’ Research Service
Olga Griaznova, Globalstat, EUI
PE 583.775 - December 2019
AT A GLANCE
169
96
77
50
44
29
22
20
15
14
0
100
200
DE
NL
UK
FR
IT
ES
BE
PL
CZ
SE
Thousands
IMPORT
EXPORT
0
100
200
300
400
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
EU exports of goods to China (2018)
EU imports of goods from China (2018)
EU trade with China
Goods (2008-2018)
Services (2010-2017)
211
395
Imports
Exports
31
47
Imports
Exports
€ billion
EU exports of services to China (2017)
Other
Iron and steel: 2.3%
Oil, gas, coal
Plastic and rubber
Pharmaceutical
products
Agri-food
Optical instruments
Vehicles and aircraft
Mechanical appliances
and electrical
equipment
30.8% 22.2% 6.6% 5.0% 4.8% 3.6% 2.8% 21.0%Other
Organic chemicals
Plastic articles
Optical instruments
Iron and steel
Toys and games
Furniture
Clothing accessories
Mechanical appliances
and electrical
equipment
50.5% 6.8% 4.4% 3.6% 3.2% 2.7% 2.7% 23.4% 2.7%Other: 3.3%
Insurance and pension: 1.1%
Financial: 2.2%
ICT
Intellectual property
Transport
Travel
Various business services
23.7%
23.5% 21.5%
13.3% 11.4%
(R&D, legal, accounting, consulting, trade-related, advertising, market research, public opinion polling, architectural, engineering, scientific, operating leasing, waste)
Other: 1.3%
Insurance and pension: 2.3%
Construction: 2.7%
Maintenance and repair: 3.3%
ICT: 3.9%
Manufacturing
Travel
Various business services
Transport
g
35.3% 33.3% 10.6% 5.3%(Legal, accounting, consulting, R&D, architectural, engineering, scientific, advertising, market research, public opinion, trade-related, operating leasing, waste treatment and de-pollution)
EU imports of services from China (2017)
Main trade partners (2018)
Trade in goods, exports plus imports
EU
US
Other
Hong
Kong
South Korea
Japan: 7.1 %
Other APEC
members
ASEAN
countries
US
EU
14.8 %
13.7 %
12.8 %
6.7%
28.1 %
CN
10.1 %
6.7 %
Other
South
Korea:
2.6 %Japan:
3.4 %Norway:
3.5 %Turkey:
3.9 %ASEAN
countries:
6.0 %Russia
Switzerland
Other
APEC
members
China
US
17.1
%
15.4 %
6.9
%
6.7 %28.3
%
EU
6.5 %Top EU partners (2018)
Trade in goods
EU exports to China
EU imports from China
0
100
€ billion
200
Notes
GlobalStat is a project developed by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme (Italy) and the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation (Portugal). Data sources for page 1: GDP figures and inflation are from IMF WEO (October 2019) and Eurostat (November 2019); Labour market data are from World Bank WDI based on ILO KILM (2019); FDI and remittances data are estimates from World Bank staff based on IMF BoP data (2019); HDI and GINI index is an average value for the period 2010-2017 as reported in the UNDP HDR (2019), and (*) is re-scaled from 0-1 to 0-100 for better comparability.
Data sources for page 2: EU trade with China, Main trade partners (EU), Top EU partners (goods), EU exports of goods to China (%) and EU imports of goods from China (%) are from ComExt, Eurostat; Other APEC members = Australia, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru; ASEAN countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam; Trade in services are from Eurostat; Main trade partners (China) are from IMF; Other APEC members = Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russia; ASEAN countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam.
This is an updated edition of an ‘At a Glance’ note published in October 2018.
This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union & GlobalStat, 2019.
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