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Living in the EU : the economy

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While economic policies are mainly managed at national level, the European Union (EU) and its Member States (MS) annually coordinate national economic policies, budget, and macroeconomic as well as structural reforms within the European Semester. To design economic policies that shape European wellbeing, measuring the prosperity of people and MS is an important starting point for responses to the financial and economic crises that have strongly affected debt levels and the sustainability of public finances across the EU. The present infographic provides information about trade in goods between MS and with global partners, taxes, social contributions and consumption-related household expenditure.

Living in the EU: The Economy

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service EUI | European University Institute

Authors: Giulio Sabbati, Members’ Research Service, EPRS

Caterina Francesca Guidi, GlobalStat, EUI PE 635.567 - May 2019

AT A GLANCE

Infographic

Public balance and general government debt

(% of GDP, 2017) 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 175% -3% -2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% General government debt

EL IT PT BE FR ES CY UK AT HR SI HU IE DE FI NL MT SK PL SE LV LT DK RO CZ BG LU EE Surplus/deficit

EU average: 81.6%

EU average: - 1%

The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP)

(Inflation rate, euro area)

-1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 2018 2014 2010 2006 2002 1998

Percentage change to previous month Euro area

General government receipts from taxes and

social contributions

(% of GDP, 2017)

EU trade in goods between Member States and

with the world

(imports plus exports, 2018)

More than 42.2% 38.9% - 42.2% 35.0% - 38.8% 31.2% - 34.9 Less than 31.2% EU average: 40% of GDP Percentage of GDP 48.2% 23.3% 42.2% 38.8% 34.9% 31.2%

With the world Between MS

Total trade in goods (imports + exports, intra and extra EU, € billion)

LU SK CZ HU PT RO PL AT HR EE SI LV BE MT BG DK SE FI FR EU28 LT DE ES NL IT IE EL UK CY 13.8% 86.2% 17.2% 82.8% 19.6% 80.4% 21.6% 78.4% 24.1% 75.9% 24.3% 75.7% 25.2% 74.8% 25.5% 74.5% 26.2% 73.8% 27.5% 72.5% 28.2% 71.8% 28.8% 71.2% 31.3% 68.7% 32.5% 67.5% 34.1% 65.9% 34.7% 65.3% 35.3% 64.7% 35.4% 64.6% 35.6% 64.4% 36.1% 63.9% 36.4% 63.6% 37.7% 62.3% 37.9% 62.1% 39.1% 60.9% 42.4% 57.6% 44.1% 55.9% 48.0% 52.0% 49.6% 50.4% 51.7% 48.3% 34 159 327 209 133 150 446 320 39 31 73 30 776 8 60 179 285 131 1 062 10 900 59 2 409 621 1 160 887 229 89 982 13 Note: In the euro area, consumer price inflation is measured by the HICP. It measures the change over time in the prices of consumer goods and services acquired, used or paid for by euro-area households. The term ‘harmonised’ denotes the fact that all countries in the European Union follow the same methodology, making data comparable among them.

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Notes

GlobalStat is a project developed by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme (Italy) and the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation (Portugal). Data sources for page 1: Public balance and general government debt, General government receipts from taxes and social contributions, EU trade in goods between Member States and with the world data are from Eurostat (gov_10dd_edpt1, gov_10a_taxag and ext_lt_intratrd); the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices data are from European Central Bank. Data sources for page 2: all data are from Eurostat (tec00001, tec00115, nama_10_co3_p3 and tessi190). Extraction date: data were extracted in March 2019. This ‘At a glance’ note is part of a series ‘Living in the EU’. The other issues in the series cover Climate Change and Energy, Demography, Asylum and Migration,

European Elections and Democracy and Education and Health.

This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union & GlobalStat, 2019.

eprs@ep.europa.eu (mail) http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu (intranet) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank (internet) http://epthinktank.eu (blog)

globalstat@eui.eu(mail) http://www.globalstat.eu (internet)

Living in the EU: The Economy

EPRS and GlobalStat

GDP per capita and GDP growth

(2018 and average 2008-2018)

Note: The size of the circle represents GDP per capita 10

EU28: 0.9% EU28: 30.9 AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK 20 40 60 -1% 0 1% 2% 3%

GDP per capita (in 1 000)

GDP growth (average 2008-2018) 5% 4% -2% 80 100 0

Final consumption expenditure of households

(Current prices, in 1 000 euro per capita, 2017)

LU DK UK AT FI SE DE IE BE NL FR IT CY EU 28 ES MT PT EL SI LT EE CZ SK LV PL HU RO BG 31. 8 23. 2 22. 0 21. 9 20 .9 20 .5 19. 8 18. 9 18. 7 18. 7 18. 1 17 .5 17 .4 16 .3 14 .9 12 .9 12 .9 12. 2 11. 5 9. 4 9. 0 8. 8 8. 4 8. 2 7. 1 6. 4 5. 9 4. 7

Note: Data for Croatia are confidential therefore not available

Current prices, in € 1 000 per capita

34. 3% 45 .7 % 62 .2 % 52 .0% 51 .5 % 43. 3% 49. 9% 30 .9 % 48. 5% 43 .6 % 61. 4% 76. 1% 54 .4 % 59 .4 % 53 .5 % 68. 3% 73 .0% 55. 2% 62. 9% 50. 4% 48. 5% 54 .0 % 59 .2 % 58. 3% 50. 4% 61. 4% 64. 1% Percentage of GDP 52.7%

Gini coefficient

(2017)

Household expenditure by consumption purpose

(EU28 share of total, 2017)

More than 33.5 31 - 33.5 30 - 30.9 27.9 - 29.9 Less than 27.9 EU28 average: 30.7 40.2 23.2 33.5 30.9 29.9 27.9

€ 8 362 bn

Final consumption expenditure of households in 2017

Rental for housing, water, electricity, gas: 24.2% Transport: 13.0% Food and non-alcoholic beverages: 12.2% Recreation and culture: 8.5%

Restaurants and hotels: 8.8% Household

equipment: 5.5% Clothing: 4.9%

Alcohol and tobacco: 3.8% Health: 4.0%

Others: 15.1%

Rental for housing; water,

electricity, gas 10.3% 28.8%

Transport 7.9% 16.3%

Food and

non-alcoholic beverages 8.2% 27.8%

Recreation and culture 4.6% 11.5%

Restaurants and hotels 3.1% 20.2%

Household equipment 2.8% 6.8%

Clothing 3.2% 7%

Alcoholic beverages,

tobacco and narcotics 3.2% 8.3%

Health 1.9% 6.6%

Others 9.9% 16.8%

Maximun and minimum value of each purpose of consumption Max

Min EU28

Note: The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of income within a country deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A coefficient of 0 expresses perfect equality where everyone has the same income, while a coefficient of 100 expresses full inequality where only one person has all the income.

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