The creation of a public space within a private commission: the case of the Fondaco dei Tedeschi in Venice and its change of use

Finito di stampare nel mese di giugno 2019 Presso Imoco Industrie Grafiche – Treviso - Italy

35° convegno internazionale Scienza e Beni Culturali

Collana Scienza e Beni Culturali

Volume.2019

ISBN 978-88-95409-23-8

IL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE IN MUTAMENTO.

LE SFIDE DELL’USO

Bressanone, 1 - 5 luglio 2019

In questo volume vengono pubblicati i contributi estesi che sono stati sottoposti a double blind peer review da parte di esperti dello stesso settore.

THE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE PROCESS OF

CHANGE. THE CHALLENGES OF USE.

Bressanone, 1 - 5 july 2019

This volume includes extensive contributions (Full-paper) that have been subject to double-blind peer review by qualified referees.

Tutti i diritti riservati,

EDIZIONE ARCADIA RICERCHE Srl Parco Scientifico Tecnologico di Venezia Via delle Industrie 25/11 – Marghera Venezia Tel.:041-5093048 E-mail: arcadia@vegapark.ve.it www.arcadiaricerche.eu

È vietata la riproduzione, anche parziale o ad uso interno o didattico, con qualsiasi mezzo, non autorizzata.

Le riproduzioni a uso differente da quello personale potranno avvenire, per un numero di pagine non superiore al 15% del presente volume, solo a seguito di specifica autorizzazione rilasciata dall'editore.

IL TEMA DELL’USO NEL RESTAURO DELL’EDILIZIA

STORICA E MONUMENTALE ATTRAVERSO L’EVOLUZIONE

DELLECARTEDELRESTAURO

S. Gizzi ... 1

IL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE IN MUTAMENTO TRA

RIGENERAZIONEURBANAETUTELADEICENTRISTORICI

C. Crova, M. Eichberg, F. Miraglia ... 13

ACOEVOLUTIONARYAPPROACHTOTHEREUSEOFBUILT

CULTURALHERITAGE

S. Della Torre ... 25

RI-USAREPERCONSERVAREEPERCONOSCERE.

S. Pesenti ... 35

CONSERVAZIONE NELL’USO E NEL RIUSO DELLE

COSTRUZIONISTORICHE

D. Pittaluga ... 45

BEYOND MUSEUM / NEW STRATEGIES OF PRESERVATION

APPLIEDTOOVERSIZEDARCHITECTURES

E. Vigliocco ... 59

QUANDO L’USO NON CAMBIA. QUESTIONI APERTE SUL

RESTAURODELLA NEUENATIONALGALERIE DI MIESVAN

DERROHE

G. Danesi, S. Di Resta ... 69

ANTICHE STRUTTURE PER NUOVI USI (CONDIVISI):

“RIEMPIRE SPAZI E TEMPI” PER UNA CONSERVAZIONE

INTEGRATA

F.Ottoni, S. Celli ... 81

ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE AND RETROFIT MEASURES:

THE IMPROVEMENT OF BUILDINGS PERFORMANCE

THROUGHPASSIVECOMPATIBLESTRATEGIES

M. De Vita ... 91

“VA E RIUSA LA MIA CASA” CHI E COME: RUOLO E

COMPETENZE DEL GESTORE DEI BENI CULTURALI,

RIFLESSIONITRATEORIAEPRATICA

A. Pili ... 101

LE TRASFORMAZIONI DELL’ABITARE. IL CASO DEL

QUARTIERESTADERAAMILANO(1929-2018).

THE COMPLEXITY OF CONSERVATION OF OUTFITTING,

HISTORICSITESANDBUILDINGSUNDEREVERYDAYUSES.

E. Rosina, M. Suma ... 123

VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO STORICO:

ESPERIENZE DI COLLABORAZIONE PUBBLICO-PRIVATA

NELLA GESTIONE DEL CASTELLO DI BRIVIO COME POLO

ATTRATTIVODELSISTEMACULTURALEDELTERRITORIO

LECCHESE.

L.Cantini ... 133

“NUOVA VITA DELLE AREE INTERNE”. UN ESEMPIO DI

VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO IDENTITARIO DEL

TERRITORIO, PROMUOVENDO MODELLI DI RECUPERO

MULTIFUNZIONALEEPARTECIPATO

B. Scala ... 145

IDENTITÀ, COMPATIBILITÀ, CONSERVAZIONE.

RIFLESSIONI SUL RAPPORTO TRA RIUSO E TUTELA NEL

PORTOVECCHIODITRIESTE.

V. Peron ... 157

ESQUILINO CHIAMA ROMA! STRATEGIE PER UNA

CONOSCENZA CONDIVISA E APPLICATA VOLTA ALLA

RIGENERAZIONE URBANAATTRAVERSO LA FORMAZIONE

DIUNAHERITAGECOMMUNITY

M. Magnani Cianetti, P. Petraroia, S. M.C. Salvo ... 169

SANTA MARTA AL COLLEGIO ROMANO. RESTAURO

APERTO. UN PROGETTO DI RECUPERO E RIUSO PER LA

PUBBLICAFRUIZIONE.

A. Rorro, C.Udina ... 181

THE CREATION OF A PUBLIC SPACE WITHIN A PRIVATE

COMMISSION: THECASEOFTHE FONDACODEI TEDESCHI

INVENICEANDITSCHANGEOFUSE.

C. Boniotti, R. Codello, S. Della Torre ... 191

PAESAGGIO COSTIERO: PRESSIONE ANTROPICA E

TURISMO

G Cacudi, M Catalano ... 201

RIGENERAZIONE URBANA E CONSERVAZIONE DELLE

SUPERFICIARCHITETTONICHE:ILCASODELLAGALLERIA

PRINCIPEANAPOLI

IL MOORISH KIOSK NEI GIARDINI BOTANICI HANBURY:

L’ANIMACELATA

F. L. Buccafurri, M. Abbo, C. Pilati ... 223

GIARDINI STORICI: DA LUOGHI DI LOISIR A MUSEI EN

PLEIN AIR PER IL GRANDE PUBBLICO. QUALI INDIRIZZI

PERUNASOSTENIBILEFRUIZIONEEVALORIZZAZIONE?

M. Ferrari ... 233

ROMAELAREALTÀDELTURISMO

C. Bellanca, C. Frigieri ... 245

ALTA VAL BREMBANA BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE.

UNDERUSED HOLIDAY HOUSES AND SLOW TOURISM AS A

POSSIBLESTRATEGYFORREPOPULATION

B. Silva ... 255

RIUSO COMPATIBILE ED OSPITALITÀ SANITARIA: UNA

PROPOSTAPERVILLALAUDANI(CT)

A. Lo Faro, A. Salemi, G. Laudani ... 265

TERRITORI FRAGILI TRA SPOPOLAMENTO E

SOVRAFFOLLAMENTO TURISTICO. IL CASO DI PYRGOS A

SANTORINI(GRECIA).

C. Circo ... 275

RECUPERARE IL SENSO DEL LIMITE? BUONE PRASSI E

QUESITIAPERTI

G.Battista, G. Campanini ... 285

UN APPROCCIO METODOLOGICO AL TEMA

DELL’INTEGRAZIONE DEGLI IMPIANTI NELLE

ARCHITETTURE STORICHE: DALL’ANALISI

DELL’ESISTENTE ALLE PROPOSTE DI SOLUZIONI

COMPATIBILIPERL’ADEGUAMENTOEILRIUSO

C.Aghemo, M. Naretto, R. Taraglio, L.Valetti ... 295

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY

IMPROVEMENT OF LISTED HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

THROUGHSHALLOWGEOTHERMALSYSTEMS

G. Cadelano, R. Pasquali, N. O’Neill, F. Becherini, F. Cicolin,

G. Mezzasalma, G. Dalla Santa, G. Emmi, A. Bernardi ... 307

THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN ADAPTIVE REUSE:

RESPECTINGAUTHENTICITYANDINTEGRITY

CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE REUSE. A

RESILIENCE-BASEDAPPROACH.

M. Morandotti, D.Besana, C. Cecchini, A. Chiesa ... 331

RILEVARE UN’OPERA CINETICO-PROGRAMMATA PER

GESTIRELESUETRASFORMAZIONI

A. Devecchi, F. Gasparetto, L. Baratin ... 343

TRA CONSERVAZIONE E RIUSO, LE SFIDE DEL

MUTAMENTO: IL RESTAURO DI ARCHITETTURE

RAZIONALISTEINROMAGNA

G. Favaretto, M. Pretelli, A. Zampini ... 355

FERRARA.CASTELLOESTENSE–LETTURADELTEMPO

CONSERVAZIONEEDIVULGAZIONENELLA

CONTEMPORANEITÀ

A. Ugatti, E. Goberti, B. Pazi, M. Beltrami ... 367

RIFLESSIONI SU POSSIBILI MODALITÀ DI SALVAGUARDIA

DEGLIALLESTIMENTISTORICI.LAPINACOTECADIBRERAE

ILRECENTEINTERVENTODIRIALLESTIMENTO(2015-2018)

G. Di Gangi ... 377

IL MOLINO SCOPPETTA DI PULSANO (TA), DALL’ARTE

MOLITORIA ALLA GASTROSOFIA, PER UN PROCESSO DI

RIAPPROPRIAZIONEDELBENEDALLACOMUNITÀ.

F. Lupoli, A. Monte, C. Sasso ... 387

RE-USETHEELECTRICITYHERITAGE

M. Mattone ... 399

RE-USEOFAMEDIEVALTOWERBETWEENCONSERVATION

ANDTRANSFORMATION

F. Fratini, M. Mattone, S. Rescic ... 411

THE FRIGORIFERO OF FRIULI: CHARACTERISTICS AND

REUSEPOSSIBILITIES

V. Foramitti ... 421

IL RIUSO DEI MERCATI COPERTI DEL NOVECENTO A

GENOVA:TEMIEPROBLEMI

L. Napoleone, R. Vecchiattini ... 431

THE VALORIZATION PROCESS OF THE BASILICA DI SAN

LORENZO IN CREMONA: FROM STATIC DYSFUNCTION TO

NEWREUSE

STRATEGIE DI VALORIZZAZIONE CULTURALE E

PAESAGGISTICA DELLA CAVA PONTRELLI ANCHE DETTA

“DEIDINOSAURI”ADALTAMURA(BA)

A. Disabato ... 453

FIRENZUOLAELAVALLEDELSANTERNO.TRACCEPERUN

VIDEODIPAESAGGIO.

P. Ricco ... 463

LA STORICITÀ DELLE MUTAZIONI DEL PATRIMONIO:

STUDI PER UN PROGETTO DI VALORIZZAZIONE DI

PALAZZOBORGHITROTTISEDEDELL’ARCHIVIODISTATO

DIFERRARA.

F. Mainardi, F. Babbi ... 473

BOLOGNA IL RIUSO DELL’EX-CONVENTO DELLA SS.

ANNUNZIATA COME POLO PER I BENI CULTURALI. LA

SFIDA, LE RAGIONI E I CARATTERI DEL PROGETTO DI UN

NUOVOUSO

F.Tomba, E.Pozzi ... 485

MEMORY AS TOOL FOR TRANSFORMATION: THE

REGENERATIONOFURBANSPACESINTHECASESTUDYOF

PASTUROINVALSASSINA–LECCO,ITALY

L. De Stefani, A. Tognon ... 495

MILANO: LE DUE “MANICHE” DI SMISTAMENTO DELLO

SCALOFARINIEILLORORIUSOASEDEDELL’ACCADEMIA

DIBRERA

G. Guarisco, L. Monica ... 507

LE CAVALLERIZZE DEL MUSEO NAZIONALE DELLA

SCIENZAEDELLATECNOLOGIADIMILANO:UNPOSSIBILE

DIALOGOTRANUOVOEARCHITETTURASTORICA

D. Lattanzi, F. Conte, P. Savio ... 519

ASYSTEMICREUSEFORITALIANANASHOUSES

C. Bonaiti, A. Silvetti ... 531

DALL’ABBANDONO AL RIUSO SOSTENIBILE: IL CASO DEL

KURSAALDIBARI

VALORI E VALORIZZAZIONE: UNA PROPOSTA METODOLOGICA PER LA CONSERVAZIONE DEGLI EDIFICI STORICI ABBANDONATI

R. Moioli, S. Capolongo, S. Della Torre, M. Dell’Ovo, M. Morandotti, L. Sdino ... 551

RIUSO DELLA PERSISTENZA A RUDERE DEL FORTE DI

VALLEDRANEATREVISOBRESCIANO

O. Longo, D. Sigurtà ... 561

MORANO CALABRO: IL SILENZIO DI UN BORGO.

UN’ESPERIENZADIRICERCAPERLACONSERVAZIONEEIL

RIUSODIUNPATRIMONIOINDISUSO

B. Canonaco ... 571

IL CINEMA IMPERO A ROMA: ESISTE UN FUTURO PER I

CINEMATOGRAFI?

M.G. Ercolino ... 581

LA SOLITUDINE DELLE ARCHITETTURE DISMESSE.

PROIEZIONI IMMAGINATIVE PER IL PATRIMONIO

CARCERARIOSTORICOINSARDEGNA

G.B. Cocco, C. Giannattasio, F. Musanti, V. Pintus ... 591

APASSOD’UOMO.USOEVALORIZZAZIONI DIMANUFATTI

ALLOSTATODIRUDERELUNGOILTRATTOAPPENNINICO

DELLAVIAROMEADISTADE:ILCASTRUMPLANETTI

E Ceccaroni, L Salina, A Ugolini ... 605

STRATEGIE DI VALORIZZAZIONE E RIUSO DEL

PATRIMONIO RURALE: ESPERIENZE DELL’AREA

METROPOLITANAMILANESE

R. Laviscio ... 615

CONTRO L'OBLIO. PER IL RIUSO DEL PATRIMONIO

DELL'ARCHITETTURARURALEDELLELEOPOLDINE.

B.G. Marino, I. Nocerino ... 627

RI-USARE PER RI-VIVERE. PARADIGMI PER IL RIUSO DI

ARCHITETTUREMINORIINABBANDONO

M. Bellomo, A. Falotico ... 637

IL RIUSO DEI COMPLESSI ABBANDONATI NEI PROCESSI

BOTTOM-UP:PROBLEMATICHEERICADUTEINTERMINIDI

CONSERVAZIONE

MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ARCHEOLOGY, THE CASE

STUDYOFLECCO

A. Silvetti, M. Alberganti ... 659

RESTAURO E NUOVE OPPORTUNITÀ URBANE DEL

PATRIMONIO INDUSTRIALE: IL CASO DELL’EX FORNACE

SIECIASCAURI(LT)

L. Cappelli, E. Fiore ... 673

LA DISTILLERIA NICOLA DE GIORGI A SAN CESARIO DI

LECCE. DA "FABBRICA DI SPIRITO" A "FABBRICA PER LA

CULTURA"

A. Monte ... 685

LACARTIERA DUCALEDI FERMIGNANO NELTERRITORIO

MARCHIGIANO: UN ESEMPIO DI PATRIMONIO

INDUSTRIALE TRA RESTAURO, RECUPERO, RIUSO E

VALORIZZAZIONE

L. Baratin, A. Cattaneo ... 695

DALMINE: IL RIUSO CONTEMPORANEO DELLA COMPANY

TOWNDIGIOVANNIGREPPI

A. Cardaci, G. Mirabella Roberti, A. Versaci ... 707

LA “CITTÀ SOCIALE” E L’AREA DELL’EX LANIFICIO

MARZOTTO DI MANERBIO: UN PATRIMONIO

ARCHITETTONICOEURBANOARISCHIODIDISSIPAZIONE

C. Coccoli, G. Cavagnini, S. Mondolo ... 717

USE AND ABUSE OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

ARCHEOLOGY.COMPARINGEXPERIENCES

L. Serafini, S. Cacamore ... 729

ARCHEOLOGIA INDUSTRIALE: IL RIUSO DI EDIFICI

DISMESSI A FUNZIONE “CRUDA” TRA MEMORIA E

INNOVAZIONE

C. Campanella, M. Suma, C. Dell’Orto, L.M. Sanchez Jimenez ... 739

ILRIUSODELLEAREEMILITARIINITALIA:ESPERIENZEDI

RICERCA E DIDATTICA PER LE CASERME DI BOLZANO E

CAGLIARI

D.R. Fiorino, P.Iannotti, P.Mellano ... 749

STRATEGIES FOR DISMANTLED MILITARY SITES AND

BUILDINGS OF THE COLD WAR: EXPERIENCES FROM

EUROPE

RE-USESTRATEGIESANDCONSERVATIONPRACTICESFOR

THE FORTIFIED ARCHITECTURE. AN EXAMPLE FROM

LIGURIAREGION:FINALEANDITSFORTRESSES

E. Brusa, C. Stanga ... 773

BUONE PRATICHE DI RICONVERSIONE E RIUSO DEGLI

AEREOPORTI MILITARI STORICI: UN CONFRONTO

INTERNAZIONALE

D. R. Fiorino, M. Vargiu ... 785

PAESAGGI FORTIFICATI IN TRANSIZIONE. IL CASO DEI

CASTELLIMEDIEVALIINSARDEGNA

V. Pintus, M. S. Pirisino ... 799

CONTINUITÀ D’USO E RESILIENZA DEL PATRIMONIO

MODERNO. L’"UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÌLIA" DI OSCAR

NIEMEYER

R. Maspoli ... 811

RIABILITAZIONE E CAMBIO D’USO DEL PATRIMONIO

COSTRUITO. RIFLESSIONI SULL’ESPERIENZA DELLE

POUSADASINPORTOGALLO.

E. Fantini, T. Cunha Ferreira, A. Ugolini ... 821

SPAZI MUSEALI E PREESISTENZA IN OLANDA

SPERIMENTAZIONIECASISTUDIO.

G. Proto ... 831

OPEN-AIR ARCHITECTURAL MUSEUMS: CULTURAL

FRUITION,USEANDREUSEOFBUILDINGTYPESINJAPAN

F. Gotta ... 843

ABBANDONO E RIUSO IN ARCHITETTURA. L'USO

TRANSITORIO COME PRATICA DI CONSERVAZIONE IN

ULSTER.

G. De Martino, R. Scognamiglio ... 855

NON-FINITO ED ESERCIZI NOSTALGICI TRA REMAKE

RESTAUROENUOVIUSIPERLEARCHITETTUREEFFIMERE

S. Caccia Gherardini ... 865

IL MONITORAGGIO MICROCLIMATICO NELLE AREE

ARCHEOLOGICHE: DALLA PROGETTAZIONE ALLA

FRUIZIONE. PER UN SISTEMA CULTURALE NELLA

NECROPOLIDITUVIXEDDUACAGLIARI

INDOOR MICROCLIMATE MONITORING: USE AND ISSUES.

THECASEOFTHEREALMOFVENARIAREALE.

A. Bonora, K. Fabbri, M. Pretelli ... 885

L’INTERFACCIA-SUPERFICIE COME FATTORE DI

VALUTAZIONE DELLA COMPATIBILITÀ DI UN

INTERVENTO. PROBLEMATICHE SPECIALISTICHE

RIFERITEALL’USO.

S. Massari, M. Pretelli ... 895

ADAPTIVE CLOISTERS BETWEEN NEW FUNCTIONS AND

EFFICIENCYSTRATEGIES

E.Petrucci, R. Cocci Grifoni ... 907

T'ERA PARK:UNCATALOGODI STRATEGIEPOSSIBILIPER

LEMEMORIEDELLEETEROTOPIEDINAPOLIEST

G. Vannelli ... 917

PROPOSAL OF AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH FOR FIRE

SAFETYCOMPLIANCEINPALAZZOVECCHIO

T. Giusti, P. Capone ... 927

ECONOMIA CREATIVA PER IL RIUSO E LA

VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE IN

MUTAMENTO. 10 LABORATORI APERTI PER 10 CITTÀ

STORICHEDELL’EMILIA-ROMAGNA.

C.Mariotti, L. Signorelli ... 937

USO E STRUTTURA NEI CENTRI MINORI ABBANDONATI:

SICUREZZAVSCONSERVAZIONE?

A. Donatelli ... 951

IL MARE NON BASTA PIU’. LA TUTELA DEGLI

STABILIMENTIBALNEARI:INDAGINIECASOSTUDIO

S. G. Florea ... 965

LA FERROVIA ROMA FIUGGI: L’ARCHITETTURA

DELL’UTILE

V. D’Ettore, M. Floridi ... 977

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR SMALL HISTORIC

CENTERS. USE OF CLARENTANO PALACE IN RANDAZZO

(CT)ASAHALTINANURBANMUSEUMNETWORK

LE COSTRUZIONI STORICHE DI LEGNO STRUTTURALE

PORTANTE. UN CONTRIBUTO AL RIUSO. LA SCHEDA DI

CONOSCENZAEVALORIZZAZIONE

D. Pittaluga, G. Stagno, L.Secondini, C. Marvaldi ... 997

ARCHITECTURE AND CINEMA: NARRATIVE AND

ECONOMICTOOLSFORURBANREGENERATION

A. Lancellotti ... 1007

USO, DISUSO, ABUSO: LA TUTELA DEL PAESAGGIO

MONTANOEL’ADEGUAMENTODEIRIFUGIALPINI

C. Bartolomucci... 1017

HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS AS A SUBJECT IN THE

RE-USEOFINDUSTRIALHERITAGE

N. Kuban ... 1027

ATTUALITÀ DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE COSTRUITO E

STRATEGIE PER UN RIUSO COMPATIBILE: RECENTI

INTERVENTIINITALIA

V. Bernardini ... 1037

DELL'UTILITÀEDELLAROVINADELMODERNO

A. Canziani ... 1047

LA “SPETTACOLARIZZAZIONE” DEI BENI CULTURALI: IL

RESTAURODELLAFIUMARAD’ARTE

C. Accetta ... 1057

DIGITALANASTYLOSISOFFRESCOESCHALLENGE(DAFNE)

V Cantoni, L Lombardi, G. Mastrotisi, A. Segimiro, A. Setti ... 1067

STUDIPERILRIUSODELLAFORESTERIADELL’ABBAZIADI

CHIARAVALLEMILANESE

G. Guarisco, N. Lombardini, D. Oreni ... 1077

ILPATRIMONIOARCHITETTONICODELLACITTÀSTORICA

DICORALGABLES,FL:CONSERVAZIONE,USOERIUSO

S. Aimar ... 1089

L'EX NOVIZIATO DEL SAN NICCOLÒ DI PRATO:

CONOSCENZA,CONSERVAZIONEERIUSO

M. Lazzari ... 1099

ISTANZE STRUTTURALI NELLA DEFINIZIONE DI USI

COMPATIBILI: UN CASO STUDIO NEL COMPLESSO

MONUMENTALEDELLAPILOTTA

LA TRASFORMAZIONE DEI BENI PAESAGGISTICI

INTERPRETATA COME GRAVE COMPROMISSIONE O

DEGRADO: UN MODELLO DI LETTURA CONDIVISO TRA

MI.B.A.C. E REGIONE TOSCANA PER IL RECUPERO E LA

RIQUALIFICAZIONE DEI VALORI IDENTITARI NELL’AREA

METROPOLITANAFIORENTINA

G. Nannetti ... 1121

THESYSTEMICAPPROACHFORNEWUSESOFIHATURBAN

SCALE,THESTUDYCASEOFLECCO.

R. Pivetta, M. Alberganti, E. Rosina ... 1133

PERMANENZE NEL PATRIMONIO DI ARCHEOLOGIA

INDUSTRIALE DELLE MARCHE: IL RICONOSCIMENTO

DELLADUPLICEVALENZAESTETICAEPAESAGGISTICAAI

FINIDIUNACORRETTASTRATEGIADIVALORIZZAZIONEE

RIUSO.

D. Bravi, D. Licastro ... 1143

ARCHITECTURES FROM ARCHITECTURES. THE REUSE OF

HERITAGEINABANDONMENT

C. Verazzo ... 1155

PROPOSTEPERLARIGENERAZIONEDELL’ANTICO BORGO

DIQUERONELLAPROVINCIADIBELLUNO.

E. Pietrogrande, A. Dalla Caneva ... 1165

RE-USE AND ENHANCING PLANNING OF THE “MADNESS

SPACES”.MEMORYANDFUTUREOFTHEROYALHOUSEOF

LUNATICSINAVERSA.

M. D’aprile, L. Lanza ... 1175

RESTAURO E PROBLEMI DI CONSERVAZIONE: LA VALLE

DELBELICEINSICILIA.

A. Versaci, A. Cardaci ... 1185

CONTINUITÀ D’USO E TRASFORMAZIONI NEGLI EDIFICI

RESIDENZIALI PROGETTATI DA GIUSEPPE TERRAGNI A

COMO

M. Casanova ... 1195

LA STREET ART COME STRUMENTO DI RIGENERAZIONE

URBANA?

MODALITÀ DI INTERVENTO PER IL RIUSO DI AMBIENTI

STORICIINSTATODINONUTILIZZO:PALAZZOBELLISOMI

VISTARINOAPAVIA

E. Doria, M. Morandotti ... 1215

PALAZZO DUCALE DI SASSUOLO: VICENDE DI

TRASFORMAZIONI DA DELIZIA ESTENSE A SALUMIFICIO.

RIFLESSIONIPERILPROGETTODIRESTAURODELFRONTE

MERIDIONALE.

E. Fain ... 1225

IL SITO DISIDI HARZEMDI JEANFRANÇOIS ZEVACO ELA

DIMENSIONEDELCONSUMOTURISTICO

F. Pisani ... 1235

PMM: DALLA SPOLVERATURA ALLA GESTIONE DELLA

COLLEZIONEMUSEALE.

E. Antonelli, E. De Marsico ... 1245

RESTORATIONOFNAVIGATINGBOATS. ACHALLENGETO

MAINTAINUSABILITYOFOURNAUTICALHERITAGE

G. Zappia, M. C. Morozzo Della Rocca ... 1257

USO ED ACCESSIBILITÀ: COLLEGAMENTI VERTICALITRA

NORMAEARCHITETTURA.

C. Campanella ... 1267

INDIVIDUAZIONE,CONSERVAZIONEEVALORIZZAZIONE

DELLEBOTTEGHESTORICHE,DEILOCALIDITRADIZIONE

ERIFLESSIONIPERUNUSOCOMPATIBILENELTEMPO.

SPERIMENTAZIONEECASISTUDIOAGENOVAESESTRI

LEVANTE.

C. Pastor ... 1279 “UNNATURAL” MATERIALS FOR COATINGS IN THE

RESTAURATION PROJECTS.

G. Marsili, A. Gutierrez, U. Dainese ... 1291

FIRENZE,VIADELLACOLONNA.DAICAVALLIALTROTTOAI

CAVALLIAMOTOREDEGLIAUTOBUS:LESTESSEPIETREPER

UNASTRADATUTTANUOVA

G. Signori, M.Deganutti ... 1305

DAREUNFUTUROALLAMEMORIA-RESTAURO

CONSERVATIVODELSACRARIOMILITAREDIREDIPUGLIA

80ANNIDOPOLASUAINAUGURAZIONE

SCIENZA E BENI CULTURALI.2019

THE CREATION OF A PUBLIC SPACE WITHIN A

PRIVATE COMMISSION: THE CASE OF THE FONDACO

DEI TEDESCHI IN VENICE AND ITS CHANGE OF USE

C

B

*,

R

C

**,

S

D

T

*

* Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Architettura, Ingegneria delle Costruzioni e Ambiente Costruito

cristina.boniotti@polimi.it; stefano.dellatorre@polimi.it ** Fondazione Cini, Venezia renata.codello@cini.it

Abstract.

This paper is aimed at eliciting some reflections as to the concept of reuse, a pivotal issue when it comes to the fruition of a built cultural heritage site, and that of public interest, a key factor in the choice of a building’s use when a piece of public property is acquired by private investors while still yielding benefits of a public nature.

For the purpose of this analysis, the Fondaco dei Tedeschi is a masterpiece example of a commercial space opened within a listed building sold by a public entity to a private holding by means of an auction sale. One the main politically charged issues emerging from this pursuit was consistent with the building’s original public nature.

As some well-consolidated doctoral opinions view the conservation and valorization of public cultural heritage as pertaining to the purview of Governments, the case study at issue is very likely to beget a lively debate on divestiture operations and the subsequent involvement of private-sector bodies in heritage management. Public-private partnerships, for instance, might well be one of the institutional options best suited to ensure continuity and long-term planning in conservation activities whilst at the same time preventing the occurrence of casual, non-virtuous projects and privatization programs.

Keywords: Management, Reuse, Public Interest, Fondaco dei Tedeschi,

Management and reuse

Starting from the proposition that cultural heritage should not be considered as being static (Bellini, 1996), but rather as a critical mass of evolutionary potential, conservation is not intended at maintaining a building’s status quo, but rather managing mid-to-long-term cultural heritage transition from the static concept of restoration as a one-time event to conservation as an ongoing process of care (Della Torre, 1999: pp. 74-78). According to this approach, preventive and planned conservation is a strategy directed at monitoring all stages of the process and integrating all activities. Indeed, conservation and valorization cannot be considered as separate and should thus become one with property management, which encompasses economic planning, cultural activity design, impact evaluation (Della Torre, 2014a), but also adequate supervision to ensure a building is used properly (Della Torre, 2014b: p. 115).

Intended use change is a pivotal issue when it comes to the fruition and reuse of a built cultural heritage site. As in the frequent instance of abandoned and neglected historical buildings, reuse entails the introduction of forms of contemporary use and may thus provide them with a real chance for survival. As functional obsolescence, often related to novel needs or problems arising from pre-existing systems, may well serve as a viable justification for a demolition operation, reuse, defined as “the reinsertion of a new utility into an existing building” will, on the contrary, allow for a possible solution (Rypkema, 2012: p. 131). Concerning the latter aspect, the cultural heritage sector does not need prescriptive standards, but performance based standards allowing to find adequate solutions based on the monument itself (Arenghi, Della Torre, Pracchi, 2011).

The Italian Restoration Charter of 1972 highlighted the possibility of new uses aimed at ensuring monument preservation (Ministry of Education, 1972: annex d). In the Italian tradition, reuse rests on the concept of value recognition (which also serves as a basis for each partnership operation) and implies that the least possible degree of transformation be pursued. Reuse is defined as the activity of “ensuring continuity of use through minimal changes to the asset” (Throsby, 2012: p. 58) even at an international level, in that a proper balance between conservation and an acceptable degree of change by means of the evaluation of different values ought to be pursued (Licciardi, Amirtahmasebi, 2012: p. xix).

The identification of a proper use should be compatible with the asset’s carrying capacity and made at the beginning of the process, during the decision-making stage (Rojas, 2012: p. 159). For instance, one of the analyses to be developed at the pre-design stage is the highest and best use (HBU) analysis, aimed at identifying a building’s ideal use. It is usually considered to be the most profitable use not only in economic, but also environmental, cultural, and social terms (Fecchio, Casara, 2012).

SCIENZA E BENI CULTURALI.2019 193 To this effect, another subject of debate is the choice as to whether a use should fit a building or the opposite should be the case. Truth be told, this is predominantly a design-related issue, as functionality still remains in the forefront.

The change of intended use in the Italian regulatory framework and

urban planning

A Government’s intervention should define criteria to identify what heritage sites deserve public control and the establishment of standards as to their use (Throsby, 2012: p. 59).

Within the Italian legal framework, Article 3 of the construction industry statute (Decree of the President of the Republic of Italy No. 380 of June 6, 2001) mandates that an intended use cannot be changed even in case of extraordinary maintenance. An intended use may instead be changed in case of restoration, as long as the technological, formal and structural mainstays are preserved. Besides, as the legislative power of city planning is shared between the Italian Government and Regions, Clause 2 of Article 10 of the same Decree provides that the Regions define what changes of use, be they of a physical or merely functional nature, are subject to either a building permit or a notice of works commencement. Besides, changes of intended use are governed not only by national, but also several local urban planning tools. In essence, the general urban-development plan drafted by a Municipality defines a building’s functions relative to its architectural and structural characteristics. In addition, Articles 22 and 23 highlight that listed buildings require authorization by competent authorities, for instance the local Superintendence offices (Montini, 2008: pp. 20, 21).

The latter aspect is also mentioned by Clause 4 of Article 21 of the Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code (Legislative Decree No. 42 of January 22, 2004), which emphasizes that any change of use needs to be communicated to the local Superintendent. Clause 1 of Article 20 of the Code states that cultural heritage sites must absolve functions compatible with their conservation, fruition, and historical and artistic features. According to Clause 3-bis of Article 55 (privatizations of buildings owned by the State Property Agency) and Clause 2-bis of Article 106 (concessions), the Ministry retains the right to identify the intended uses it deems consistent with the characteristics of any piece of built cultural heritage, and provide prescriptions aimed at optimizing asset conservation. Please note that Article 170 mandates criminal sanctions for instances of incompatible use.

Moreover, the concept of public interest is a key factor in the choice of a building’s use whenever a piece of public property is acquired by private investors while still yielding benefits of a public nature. Indeed, and in reference to variances to an urban plan, the identification of a public interest within such real estate initiatives will allow for access to additional administrative instruments for a

building’s functional conversion, as in the conservation and valorization project of Venice’s Fondaco dei Tedeschi.

Change of intended use and the concept of public interest in the

Fondaco dei Tedeschi

Originally a commercial exchange space for merchants coming from Germany and Northern Europe and a trade boundary between the North and the East, the Fondaco dei Tedeschi is a Sixteenth-Century block building with a four-height courtyard and loggias on each floor located in Venice and covering an area of approximately 9,000 square meters. It was strongly linked to the adjacent Rialto Bridge and characterized by facades decorated by Giorgione and Tiziano. Upon the end of the Venetian Republic in 1797 and under Napoleonic and Austrian rule the building hosted administrative offices. During the Fascist period, the asset was transformed into Venice’s central post office and underwent the following changes (1928-1939): demolition of parts of the pre-nineteenth-century load-bearing walls with the addition of a concrete and reticular structure, internal space revision, and demolition of large portions of slabs and the roof, which was replaced with reinforced concrete beams (Irace, 2016: p. 18; Dal Co, 2016: pp. 26, 32; State Council, 2015). The Benetton Group-owned private holding going by the name of Edizione Property then acquired the asset by means of a public auction sale in 2008 and signed a first-stage agreement with the Municipality of Venice in 2011. Subsequently, a restoration project designed by OMA repurposed the building into a department store, which was finally opened to the public in 2016. The asset is currently managed by DFS, a subsidiary of French multinational and luxury-sector specialist LVMH (Bettoni, 2017: pp. 22, 25; Dal Co, 2016: p. 32). Considering the building’s features and location within the historical center of Venice, the operation is an example of a commercial space made possible in a listed building in the presence of significant urban and architectural criticalities.

One of the main politically charged issues of this endeavor was the consequence of the building’s original public nature – once a symbol of the ancient Venetian merchant tradition, later the headquarter of Venice’s central post office. Indeed, during the last restoration the city council allowed to build by way of derogation from planning regulations. More specifically, the contrasts between the restoration project and the legislative requirements pertained to:

- the change of the building’s intended use to that of a commercial space on the floors above the ground level, the former having been defined incompatible with the building local planning regulations;

- the construction of a new floor slab on the top floor and the 160 centimeter elevation of a translucent roof, with a subsequent increase in surface and volume (Municipality of Venice, 2013).

SCIENZA E BENI CULTURALI.2019 195 This is why a non-profit organization for cultural heritage safeguarding claimed that this asset, albeit property of a private company, represents a building of public value and that its commercial intended use as foreseen in the new project was inconsistent with the building’s public interest, which in turn made it impossible to intervene irrespective of existing urban regulations according to Article 14 of Decree of the President of the Republic of Italy No. 380 of June 6, 2001. As a matter of fact, Article 14 states that the building permit by way of derogation from planning regulations is issued exclusively for buildings and systems owned by a public entity or characterized by a public interest upon deliberation of a city council. Besides, the association denounced the violation of Articles 7 and 8 of Ministerial Decree No. 1444 of April 02, 1968 as to density and height limits, Article 3 of Law No. 241 of August 7, 1990 as to a provision’s motivations, and Article 13 as to technical standards implementation.

As to this aspect, State Council Judgment No. 2761 of June 5, 2015 relative to the specific case of Fondaco dei Tedeschi’s restoration and valorization project eventually provided an extensive interpretation of Article 14 of the construction industry statute and thus proved significant to the dynamics of the relationships linking public and private bodies. It defined the concept of public interest as not actually referring to the type of ownership (public or private), but rather to the existence of some degree of public fruition, which means that the above interest may even be pursued within a commercial space.

As a matter of fact, the Fondaco dei Tedeschi ensures free public fruition of wide spaces and its current use is not so different from its original commercial function: the project turned the courtyard into a public square and made the rooftop accessible to visitors (OMA, 2019). Besides, the agreement between Edizione and the Municipality of Venice states that the private company has to allow the Municipal Administration to use some spaces for free in order to arrange cultural events for at least 10 days a year as well as institutional initiatives. In detail, the intervention this Fontego underwent comes as an answer to the following public interest cornerstones:

- it saves the built cultural heritage’s original commercial use, while at the same integrating it with cultural activities;

- it makes the entire building accessible for the public, which includes areas not accessible over the last decades and during the building’s being the Italian Mail Service’s head office;

- it allows for free public fruition of wide spaces intended for cultural initiatives and tourism promotion;

- it allows for free municipal use of spaces assigned to cultural events; - it brings to the Municipality some significant, additional financial resources; - it provides marginal employment opportunities by attracting huge private

- it strengthens the services offered by the city to the international market (State Council, 2015).

As mentioned above, the derogation issued by the Municipality of Venice regarded the change of density and height as per Article 14 of Decree of the President of the Republic of Italy No. 380 of June 6, 2001 on the one hand and that of intended use as per Article 5 of Law No. 106 of July 12, 2011, on the other.

Therefore, the concept of public interest is not strictly linked to the public property of a building, but it should correspond to the beneficial effects for the community, excluding merely financial considerations.

In line with the definition of valorization provided in the Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code, the public fruition of the building was improved thanks to the participation of private resources. Besides, the project should preserve the nonmaterial and dynamic significance of the space (Della Torre, 2014b: p. 115; Fiorani, 2014; Musso, 2017).

However, as to the promotion of culture, which is part of the concept of valorization, the general conditions of use could be improved. In the last years, a lot of studies addressed the issue of the valorization of historic cities as tourism destination, developing the basics of the economy of experience, as heralded by Pine and Gilmore (Pine, Gilmore, 1998). Three major reasons for the development of experience economy are the availability of new technologies capable to trigger innovative experiences, more demanding and cultivated consumers, and increased competition among tourism destinations. In a city like Venice, where tourism pressure, gentrification and risk of congestion are so dramatic, a user-centred, or maybe community-centred approach could improve the sustainability of new proposals. Therefore, as applied to the Fondaco as it is today, the criteria of experience economy enable to observe that the place looks beautiful and fashionable, but, in terms of knowledge acquisition, recognition of intangible values, and authenticity of the built cultural heritage, the experience of visitors is more similar to a mass, rather than cultural tourism, and some visitors say that it is too similar to other retail centers that offer “made in Italy” goods.

Public interests ensured by both public and private entities:

public-private partnerships

Although some well-consolidated doctoral opinions view the conservation and valorization of public cultural heritage as pertaining to the purview of Governments, we ought to mention the continuous increase of national heritage and the subsequent larger amount of public spending (Benhamou, 1996). This is why, the case study analyzed allows to reflect on divestiture operations and the involvement of private-sector bodies in heritage management.

To be a viable one, any approach to conservation poses significant governance challenges, and shall collect the interests of various stakeholders and

SCIENZA E BENI CULTURALI.2019 197 direct them towards a common goal (Gustafsson, 2011; Balducci, Mäntysalo, 2013; Rojas, 2012: p. 157). As stated by Eduardo Rojas: “Sustainable urban heritage conservation requires the design of institutional mechanisms that can pool the funds and resources of the various actors and channel them into activities for which each has the greatest comparative advantage. Moreover, it should also assign the risks inherent to urban heritage conservation to the actors who are best suited and have the most interest in taking them on in view of the potential benefits” (Rojas, 2012: p. 157).

Public-private partnerships, for instance, are among the institutional options best suited to ensure continuity and long-term planning in conservation activities whilst at the same time preventing the occurrence of not only casual, non-virtuous projects, but also privatizations. These kinds of funding arrangements are mostly used in case of “white elephant” buildings, namely properties that are difficult to be reused and for which the private sector hardly invest alone (Rypkema, Cheong, 2012: p. 6).

We ought to mention also the negotiated planning (programmazione negoziata), defined in Clause 203 of Article 2 of Law No. 662 of December 23, 1996 relative to measures to rationalize public finances. It is an agreement aimed at giving rules to interventions involving a multiplicity of public and private entities, complex decisions and a unitary management of financial resources. By means of the negotiated planning local entities and territorial stakeholders try to achieve development goals in a coordinated way. It is a “method of territorial governance” linking protection, valorization, and local development. It fosters the cooperation between the different institutional entities in a partnership agreement (Petraroia, 2003: pp. 169-171).

Therefore, in reuse operations funding should not only derive from Governments and patronage, but also from strongly concerned private sector institutions. They should be involved right from the beginning of the operation, as too often the priority is saving historical buildings with the simple support of public or philanthropic sources, and without an appropriate preliminary studies of needs, future uses and post-intervention management. The conservation project should address the owners in the management and establish the basis for a correct use of the asset by all users, introducing the most cutting edge approaches to multiculturalism and co-creation of fruition contents.

Bibliography

1. Arenghi A., Della Torre S., Pracchi V. (2011), Conservation, Accessibility, Design. Discussion and Practice in Italy. In Kealy L., Musso S. F. (eds.), Conservation/Transformation, Leuven, EAAE, pp. 55-66.

2. Balducci A., Mäntysalo R. (eds.) (2013), Urban Planning as a Trading Zone, Dordrecht, Springer.

3. Bellini A. (1996), A proposito di alcuni equivoci sulla conservazione, TeMa, 1/1996, pp. 2-3.

4. Benhamou F. (1996), Is Increased Public Spending for the Preservation of Historic Monuments Inevitable? The French Case, Journal of Cultural Economics, vol. 20, issue 2, pp. 115-131.

5. Bettoni M. (2017), Lusso e storia per il Fondaco dei Tedeschi a Venezia. Un esempio di retail affacciato sul Canal Grande, il Settimanale de il QI, no. 194, pp. 22-26.

6. Dal Co F. (2016), Dove danzano grilli mirabili. Venezia, il Fondaco dei Tedeschi, OMA: paradossi e reinvenzioni, Casabella, vol. 863-864, pp. 26-49.

7. Dal Co F., Molteni E. (2016), Il Fondaco dei Tedeschi, Venezia, OMA: il restauro e il

riuso di un monumento veneziano, Milano, Electa.

8. Della Torre S. (1999), “Manutenzione” o “Conservazione”? La sfida del passaggio dall’equilibrio al divenire. In Biscontin G., Driussi G. (eds.), Ripensare alla

manutenzione: ricerche, progettazione, materiali, tecniche per la cura del costruito,

Atti del XV Convegno Scienza e Beni Culturali Bressanone, Marghera-Venezia, Arcadia Ricerche, pp. 71-80.

9. Della Torre S. (2014a), Oltre il restauro, oltre la manutenzione. In Della Torre S. (ed.),

La strategia della Conservazione programmata. Dalla progettazione delle attività alla valutazione degli impatti, Proceedings of the International Conference Preventive and

Planned Conservation, vol. 1, Monza, Mantova, 5-9 May 2014, Firenze, Nardini Editore, pp. 1-10.

10. Della Torre S. (2014b), La programmazione degli interventi: qualità, modello di gestione, riconoscimento delle esternalità positive, Materiali e Strutture. Problemi di

conservazione, vol. 3, issue 5-6, pp. 107-117.

11. Fecchio A., Casara E. (2012), Le competenze gestionali, elemento strategico nella fase decisionale della valorizzazione immobiliare, TECHNE, Journal of Technology for

Architecture and Environment, Valorizzare il patrimonio edilizio pubblico, 03/2012, pp.

65-75.

12. Fiorani D. (2014), Materiale/immateriale: frontiere del restauro, Materiali e Strutture.

Problemi di conservazione, vol. 3, issue 5-6, pp. 9-23.

13. Gustafsson C. (2011), The Halland Model. A Trading Zone for Building Conservation

in Concert with Labour Market Policy and the Construction Industry, Aiming at Regional Sustainable Development, University of Gothenburg.

14. Irace F. (2016), Comercio con la historia. OMA, Fondaco dei Tedeschi in Venice,

Arquitectura Viva, vol. 190, issue 12, pp. 18-27.

15. Licciardi G., Amirtahmasebi R. (2012), Overview. In Licciardi G., Amirtahmasebi R. (eds.), The economics of uniqueness. Investing in Historic City Cores and Cultural

Heritage Assets for Sustainable Development, Washington, DC, The World Bank, pp.

xix-xxix.

16. Ministry of Education (1972), The Italian Restoration Charter. Available at: www.sbappsae-pi.beniculturali.it/getFile.php?id=471 (accessed February 2019, 12). 17. Montini E. (2008), Il cambio di destinazione d’uso degli immobili: tipologie, leggi

regionali, formulario, giurisprudenza, Santarcangelo di Romagna, Maggioli.

18. Musso S. F. (2017), Permanencies and disappearances. In Fiorani D., Kealy L., Musso S. F. (eds.), Conservation-adaptation. Keeping alive the spirit of the place. Adaptive

SCIENZA E BENI CULTURALI.2019 199 19. OMA (2019), Il Fondaco dei Tedeschi. Available at:

http://oma.eu/projects/il-fondaco-dei-tedeschi (accessed February 2019, 12).

20. Petraroia P. (2003), Il Governo. In Barbati C., Cammelli M., Sciullo G. (eds.), Il diritto

dei beni culturali, Bologna, il Mulino, pp. 165-191.

21. Pine B.J., Gilmore J.H. (1998), Welcome to the Experience Economy, Harvard

Business Review, July-August, pp. 97-105.

22. Rojas E. (2012), Governance in Historic City Core Regeneration Projects. In Licciardi G., Amirtahmasebi R. (eds.), The economics of uniqueness. Investing in Historic City

Cores and Cultural Heritage Assets for Sustainable Development, Washington, DC,

The World Bank, pp. 143-181.

23. Rypkema D. (2012), Heritage Conservation and Property Values. In Licciardi G., Amirtahmasebi R. (eds.), The economics of uniqueness. Investing in Historic City Cores

and Cultural Heritage Assets for Sustainable Development, Washington, DC, The

World Bank, pp. 107-142.

24. Rypkema D., Cheong C. (2012), Public-Private Partnerships and Heritage: A

Practitioner’s Guide, Washington, Heritage Strategies International.

25. Throsby D. (2012), Heritage Economics: A Conceptual Framework. In Licciardi G., Amirtahmasebi R. (eds.), The economics of uniqueness. Investing in Historic City Cores

and Cultural Heritage Assets for Sustainable Development, Washington, DC, The

World Bank, pp. 45-74. Legislative references

1. Ministerial Decree No. 1444 of April 02, 1968, Mandatory limits of building density,

height, distance between buildings […].

2. Law No. 241 of August 7, 1990, New rules concerning administrative procedure and

right of access to administrative documents.

3. Law No. 662 of December 23, 1996, Measures to rationalize public finances.

4. Decree of the President of the Republic of Italy No. 380 of June 6, 2001, Consolidated

text of the laws and regulations on construction industry.

5. Legislative Decree No. 42 of January 22, 2004, Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code. 6. Law No. 106 of July 12, 2011, Conversion into law, with amendments, of the Law

Decree No. 70 of May 13, 2011, European Semester – First urgent provisions for the economy.

7. Municipality of Venice (2013), City Council Deliberation No. 18 of March 11, 2013,

Permit of building by way of derogation from planning regulations, according to Article 14 of Decree of the President of the Republic of Italy No. 380 of June 6, 2001 and Article 5, c. 13 of Law No. 106 of July 12, 2011, for the restoration of the building “Fontego dei Tedeschi”, to be used for a commercial use according to Regional Law

50/2012. Available at:

https://portale.comune.venezia.it/utilities/delibereconsiglio/files/2013/DC_2013_18_Del iberazione.pdf (accessed February 2019, 12).

8. State Council (2015), Judgment 5 June 2015 n. 2761. Available at: http://territorio.regione.emilia-romagna.it/codice-territorio/sentenze-sul-governo-del-territorio/archivio/460-2015 (accessed February 2019, 12).

Abbo M. 223 Accetta C. 1057 Acri M. 319 Aghemo C. 295 Aimar S. 1089 Alberganti M. 659, 1133 Antonelli E. 1245 Babbi F. 473 Baratin L. 343 Baratin L. 695 Bartolomucci C. 1017 Battista G. 285 Becherini F. 307 Bellanca C. 245 Bellomo M. 637 Bernardi A. 307 Bernardini V. 1037 Besana D. 331 Bonaiti C. 531 Boniotti C. 191 Bonora A. 885 Bravaglieri S. 761 Bravi D. 1143 Brusa E. 773 Buccafurri F.L. 223 Cacamore S. 729 Caccia Gherardini S. 865 Cacudi G. 201 Cadelano G. 307 Cadetti A. 1205 Campanella C. 739,1267 Campanini G. 285 Canonaco B. 571 Cantelli M. 367 Cantini L. 133, 443 Cantoni V. 1067 Canziani A. 1047 Capolongo S. 551 Capone P. 927 Cappelli L. 673 Cardaci A. 707,1185 Cardani G. 443 Caruso L. 987 Casanova M. 1195 Catalano M. 201 Cattaneo A. 695 Cavagnini G. 717 Ceccaroni E. 605 Cecchini C. 331 Celli S. 81 Chiesa A. 331 Cicolin F. 307 Circo C. 275 Cocci Grifoni R. 907 Cocco G.B. 591 Coccoli C. 717 Codello R. 191 Coïsson E. 1109 Conte F. 519 Crova C. 13 Cunha Ferreira T. 821 D’aprile M. 1175 D’Ettore V. 977 Dalla Caneva A. 1165 Dalla Santa G. 307 Dainese U. 1291 Danesi G. 69 David G. 1315 De Marsico E. 1245 De Martino G. 855 De Stefani L. 495 De Vita M. 91 Deganutti M. 1305,1315 Dell’Orto C. 739 Dell’Ovo M. 551 Della Torre S. 25, 191,551 Devecchi A. 343 Di Gangi G. 377 Di Resta S. 69 Disabato A. 453 Dobričić S. 319 Donatelli A. 951

Doria E. 1215 Eichberg M. 13 Emmi G. 307 Ercolino M.G. 581 Fabbri K. 885 Fain E. 1225 Falotico A. 637 Fantini E. 821 Favaretto G. 355 Ferrari M. 233 Fiore E. 673 Fiorino D.R. 749, 785 Florea S.G. 965 Floridi M. 977 Foramitti V. 421 Fratini F. 411 Frigieri C. 245 Gasparetto F. 343 Giannattasio C. 591 Giusti T. 927 Gizzi S. 1 Goberti E. 367 Gotta F. 843 Guarisco G. 507, 1077 Guarnieri A. 541 Gutierrez A. 1291 Iannotti P. 749 Jokilehto J. 319 Kuban N. 1027 Lancellotti A. 1007 Lanza L. 1175 Lattanzi D. 519 Laudani G. 265 Laviscio R 615 Lazzari M 1099 Licastro D. 1143 Lo Faro A. 265 Lombardi L. 1067 Lombardini N. 1077 Longo O. 561 Lupoli F. 387 Magnani Cianetti M. 169 Mainardi F. 473 Marino B.G. 627 Mariotti C. 937 Marsili G. 1291 Marvaldi C. 997 Maspoli R. 811 Massari S. 895 Mastella M. 367 Mastrotisi G. 1067 Matta P. 875 Mattone M. 399,411 Mellano P. 749 Mezzasalma G. 307 Mirabella Roberti G. 707 Miraglia F. 13 Moioli R. 551 Mondolo S. 717 Monica L. 507 Monte A. 387,685 Morandi E. 367 Morandotti M. 331,551,1215 Morozzo Della Rocca M.C. 1257

Musanti F. 591 Nannetti G. 1121 Napoleone L. 431 Naretto M. 295 Nocerino I. 627 O’Neill N. 307 Oreni D. 1077 Ottoni F. 81, 1109 Pagliari F. 1109 Pasquali R. 307 Pastor C. 1279 Patruno A. 541 Peron V. 157 Pesenti S. 35 Petraroia P. 169 Petrucci E. 907 Pietrogrande E. 1165 Pilati C. 23

Pili A. 101,875 Pintus V. 591,799 Pirisino M.S. 799 Pisani F. 1235 Pittaluga D. 45,997 Pivetta R. 1133 Pozzi E. 485 Pretelli M. 355,885, 895 Proto G. 831 Rescic S. 411 Ricco P. 463 Romoli E. 875 Rorro A. 181 Rosina E. 123,875,1133 Salemi A. 265 Salina L. 605 Salvo S.M.C. 169 Sanchez Jimenez L.M. 739 Sanfilippo G. 987 Sasso C. 387 Savio P. 519 Scala B. 145 Scognamiglio R. 855 Sdino L. 551 Secondini L. 997 Segimiro A. 1067 Serafini L. 729 Setti A. 1067 Signorelli L. 937 Signori G. 1305,1315 Silva B. 255 Silvetti A. 531, 659 Stagno G. 997 Stanga C. 773 Suma M. 123,739,875 Taraglio R. 295 Tognon A. 495 Tomba F. 485 Treccozzi D. 211 Udina C. 181 Ugatti A. 367 Ugolini A. 605,821 Valetti L. 295 Vannelli G. 917 Vargiu M. 785 Vecchiattini R. 431 Verazzo C. 1155 Verde D. 649 Versaci A. 707, 1185 Vigliocco E. 59 Zampini A. 355 Zappia G. 1257 Zenoni E. 111 Zoli M. 367