Politecnico di Milano
Master of Architecture
Thesis Work 2015
Professors:
Prof. fabrizio leoni
Prof. Andrea De Matteis
Prof. Cesare Ventura
Team Members:
Gaoyu Cai 814017
Yunlong Li 813634
File names:
Dark Tourism
1
MEMORIAL IN CITY SPACE
Faculty
I Facolta di Architettura MI
Course of studies
Architettura MI
Track
E12 Architecture
Dark tourism
It has been defined as tourism involving travel to sites
historically associated with death and tragedy.More
recently it was suggested that the concept should also
include reasons tourists visit that site, since the site’s
attributes alone may not make a visitor a "dark tourist".
Thanatourism, derived from the ancient Greek word
thanatos for the personification of death, refers more
specifically to violent death; it is used in fewer contexts
PROJECT BACKGROUND
MH-17 was sho down on 17,July 2014, in
Ukraine. 298 people died.
SUBJECT
Antiwar
SRATEGY
Focusing on creating unique experiecne
for tourists in the way of contrasting
dif-ferent space atomsphere during the
tour-ist visiting tour.
PROJECT
Anti-War memorial museum
Mix-used hotel
OBJECTIVES
Create the memorial space which is
com-fortable with hosptality atomsphere in the
way of balancing each other.
CONCLUSION:
We will make a special memorial space
for people to write down their own story
about war in their visit.
Logit tree
The Galleries of Justice Muse-um, also known as the Shire Hall, is an independent mu-seum and a registered charity on High Pavement in the Lace Market area of Nottingham,
Robben Island is international-ly known for the fact that No-bel Laureate and former Pres-ident of South Africa Nelson Mandela was imprisoned on Robben Island for 18 of the 27 years he served behind bars before the fall of apartheid.
The Jewish Museum Berlin is one of the largest Jewish Museums in Europe. In three buildings, two of which are new additions specifically built for the museum by architect Daniel Libeskind
Dark conflict sites
Dark camps of genocide
Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of German Nazi concentra-tion camps and extermi-nation camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas an-nexed by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of German Nazi concentra-tion camps and extermi-nation camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas an-nexed by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Buchenwald concentra-tion camp was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Etters-berg near Weimar, Germa-ny, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.
This is a memorial to make people remember the campaign in Ping jing, China ,in the War of Re-sistance Against Japan
This is a memorial to make people remem-ber the campaign in Liao shen,China, in the War of Resistance Against Japan
Omaha Beach is the the most intense fighting place in the Normandy. Allied suffered huge loss-es there , 2,500 people were killed there.
PINGJING COMPAIGN MEMORIAL LIAO SHEN COMPAIGN MEMORIAL Omaha Beach
War and battlefields fit into this category and their use as tourism sites have been known about for centuries. Tourists are recorded as having visited the scene of the Battle of Wa-terloo even as it was being fought in 1815. The battlefields of the First World War were also first visited soon after hostilities ended and are now well established tourism ven-ues, but their purpose is more about re-membrance than celebration.
Seen as occupying the darkest edges of the dark tourism spectrum, death camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau and Buchenwald attract thousands of visitors each year
These are commercially oriented, entertain-ment centers offering attractions and tours based on actual or fictional death and ma-cabre incidents. Examples of dark fuvn fac-tories include such family-friendly tourist at-tractions as the London Dungeon, Tower of London and Jack the Ripper tours.
The London Dungeon was founded in 1974 by Annabel Geddes. It was initially de-signed as a museum of ma-cabre history depicting gory scenes. Now it is a place for shows.
Jack the Ripper is the best known name given to an un-identified serial killer or killers active in the largely impover-ished areas in and around the Whitechapel district of Lon-don in 1888.
Now people walk the route of the event happen, every night at 7:30 pm.
Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress, known as the Tower of London, is a histor-ic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.
THE LONDON DUNGEON JACK THE RIPPER TOURS TOWER OF LUNDON
Dark Fun Factories:
1
Tourism products that encourage educational reflec-tion on death, suffering or the macabre. They also tend still to have a commercial focus, but are more aimed at commemorating the dark events on exhibi-tion, than entertaining customers. Examples include the Smithsonian Museum of American History exhibit ‘September 11: Bearing Witness to Hist ory’, which contains very few artifacts (only 45 in total). The ex-hibit doesn’t even show images of the airliners ap-proaching and crashing into the Twin Towers. The museum prefers to use photographs of eyewitnesses to tell the story.
Soon after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History began collecting objects to document and preserve the material record of this impor-tant event in American history.
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park is a memorial park in the center of Hiroshima, Japan. It is dedicated to the legacy of Hiroshima as the first city in the world to suffer a nuclear attack, and to the memories of the bomb’s direct and indi-rect victims.
The Vietnam Veterans Memo-rial is a 3-acre national me-morial in Washington, DC. It honors U.S. service members of the U.S. armed forces who fought in the Vietnam War.
SEPTEMBER 11:
BEARING WITNESS TO HISTORY HIROSHIMA PEACE CENTER AND ME-MORIAL PARK VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL
Dark exhibition
2
This is an monument for peo-ple to learn the spirit of Xinhai- revolution which is a very im-portant history in China.
The statistics published by the UNAIDS/WHO depict-ed that during 2004 around 5,000,000 adults and children became infected with HIV and by the end of the year.
The Nagasaki National Peace Memorial Hall is a commemo-rative monument in Nagasaki.
THE NAGASAKI NATIONAL PEACE HALL
XINHAI REVOLUTION MONUMENT AIDS MEMORIAL
These are sites that mix entertainment with education (‘edu-tainment’) as they reveal sites of crime and pun-ishment systems from history. The Galleries of Justice in Nottingham is an example of this type of tourism product, which has been promoted as ‘the only site where you could be arrested, sentenced and exe-cuted’. Here the emphasis is more on entertainment, which contrasts with Robben Island, South Africa, where Nelson Mandela, among many other freedom fighters criminalized by the ‘apartheid’ system, were incarcerated.
Dark Dungeons
3
Dark resting places
Where a cemetery is seen as a potential tourism product. Tours, special interest groups and the spread of the Internet have led to growth in interest in these sites, where the living can feel literally ‘close to the dead’. Seen as occupying the ‘middle ground’ of dark tourism, cemeteries such as Père-Lachaise in Paris are used to commemorate the (often very famous) dead, such as Jim Morrison and Isadora Duncan. Other ceme-teries also offer open space for recreational activities, exercise and relaxation.
Père Lachaise is in the 20th arrondissement and is notable for being the first garden cemetery, as well as the first municipal cemetery. It is also the site of three World War I me-morials.
The cemetery includes a number of listed buildings and monuments, includ-ing the Grade II* listed Church of England Mortu-ary Chapel, Nonconform-ist Mortuary Chapel, and entrance lodges and gates and screen walls to main entrance.
The Memorial to the Mur-dered Jews of Europe, also known as the Hol-ocaust Memorial, is a memorial in Berlin to the Jewish victims of the Hol-ocaust,
PÈRE-LACHAISE ARNOS VALE THE MEMORIAL OF MURDERED JEWS
4
Dark Shrines
Based on the act of remembrance for the recently deceased. Dark shrines are often located close to or at the scene of a death, and usually within a short period after the in-cident which led to the death. Roadside trib-utes of flowers laid to commemorate death through traffic accidents have become in-creasingly popular in this country. Media-re-ported deaths of significance for people can also lead to similar informal tributes, as in the death of Diana, Princess of Wales.
The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain is a memorial in London ded-icated to Diana, Princess of Wales, who died in a car crash in 1997.
The Franklin Delano Roo-sevelt memorial is a presi-dential memorial in Wash-ington D.C. dedicated to the memory of U.S. Pres-ident Franklin Delano Roo-sevelt and to the era he represents.
Sun Yat Sen Memori-al Park, originMemori-ally named Western Park, is a water-front park in the Sai Ying Pun area of Hong Kong Island, facing Victoria Har-bour. It is the only park in Hong Kong named for a Chinese historic figure.
DIANA MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN FDR MEMORIAL SUN YAT SEN MEMORIAL PARK
5
6
7
Examples
Darker
Darkest
Definition
Resources
Benifits
Dark fun factories
Lightest
Darkest
Higher enterrainment
Lower entertainment
Dark exhibition
Dark dungeons
Dark resting place
Dark shrines
Dark conflict sites
Dark campls of genocide
Dark
Light
Lighter
Lightest
Higher political Influence and ideology
Lower political Influence and ideology
Education orientation
Entertainment orientation
Preceived authentic product interpretation
Preceived inauthentic product interpretation
Shorter time scale to the event
Shorter time scale to the event
Sites of Death and suffering
Sites associated with Death and suffering
Histort centric
Heritage centric
Location Authenticity
Non-Location Authenticity
Lower Infrasucture
Higher Infrasucture
Introduction
Spectrum
Types
Tourism involving travel to sites historically associated with death and tragedy.
By:Foley, Malcolm; J. John Lennon (1996).
“JFK and dark tourism: A fascination with assassination”. International Journal of Heritage Studies
floods, earthquakes,fires,volcanos, WAR, terrorist,incidents,massacres,aircraft,etc
“The Classification of Dark Tourism and Dark Tourism Resources” Tourism School, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin , China
Multiple, It can be a source for closure after mourning, a source of education, a political statement or the fulfillment of a personal need.
Politecnico di Milano
Master of Architecture
Thesis Work 2015
Professors:
Prof. fabrizio leoni
Prof. Andrea De Matteis
Prof. Cesare Ventura
Team Members:
Gaoyu Cai 814017
Yunlong Li 813634
File names:
Dark Tourism
2
MEMORIAL IN CITY SPACE
Faculty
I Facolta di Architettura MI
Course of studies
Architettura MI
Track
E12 Architecture
Mission Statement
Site Strategy
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Amsterdam
to Kuala Lumpur that was shot down on 17 July 2014, killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on
board. The Boeing 777-200ER airliner lost contact about 50 km (31 mi) from the Ukraine–Russia
border and crashed near Torez in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, 40 km from the border.
Amsterdam goverment has proposed to design an artificial island in the IJmeer in Amsterdam as
a foundation for the MH17 Memorial. We believe that the memorial has to be for everyone - the
place for the people who are directly connected to the tragedy and for the population of the world in
general. Because of its location the memorial has to be addressed to a broader public, as it will be
visited by various groups of people. It should form a new public space - the place for remembrance,
ceremonies, recreation, private gatherings.
MH17 Memorial has to be free from the political overtone and should not directly express the
trage-dy in a type of a monologue - it should allow individuals to experience through the space and form
their own memories and emotions. Human presence is vital. The Memorial has to become an inviting
place open for physical interaction, the place that honors remembrances, respect for life and a
pres-ervation of peace.
It was decided that the MH17 Memorial site will become a space that will connect the Old Center
and the North of Amsterdam and strengthen the location that is reclaimed from the water -
symboliz-ing traditional collaboration of the Dutch people with the nature.
600m
1. Length of the site 1. arrange memorial part 2. Arrangement of site 3. reshape the isle
6. Connect the sea and park
5. Set the ship ports 7.Insert volumes with functions 8. connect the volumn and park
memorial memorial hotel park sea culture relax jogging ourdoor sport
