• Non ci sono risultati.

Forest management and biomass production for energy: a case study in Calabria Region (Italy)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "Forest management and biomass production for energy: a case study in Calabria Region (Italy)"

Copied!
7
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 223 ( 2016 ) 805 – 811

ScienceDirect

1877-0428 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ISTH2020 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.277

QG,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXP1(:0(75232/,7$13(563(&7,9(66WUDWHJLFSODQQLQJ

VSDWLDOSODQQLQJHFRQRPLFSURJUDPVDQGGHFLVLRQVXSSRUWWRROVWKURXJKWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI

+RUL]RQ(XURSH,67+5HJJLR&DODEULD ,WDO\ 0D\

)RUHVWPDQDJHPHQWDQGELRPDVVSURGXFWLRQIRUHQHUJ\DFDVHVWXG\

LQ&DODEULD5HJLRQ ,WDO\ 

3DVTXDOH$0DU]LOLDQR

D

)DELR/RPEDUGL

D

9DOHULD$OWLHUL

D

9LWWRULD&ROHWWD

D



*LXOLDQR0HQJX]]DWR

D

7HRGRUD6WLOOLWDQR

D

&ODXGLR0DUFLDQz

D



a

Department of AGRARIA,Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, ITALY

$EVWUDFW

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

HVWLPDWLRQRIZRRG\ELRPDVVDYDLODEOHIRUHQHUJHWLFSXUSRVHVPDLQO\GHULYLQJIURPUHVLGXDOZRRGDQGWLPEHUDVVRUWPHQWVZDV HVWLPDWHGRQDERXWWRQV\HDU7KHUHVXOWVREWDLQHGVXJJHVWHGKRZLWFRXOGEHSRVVLEOHLQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKH0HWURSROLWDQ FLW\RI5HJJLR&DODEULDWKHFUHDWLRQRIDVPDOOELRPDVVHQHUJHWLFSRZHUVWDWLRQZLWKDJHQHUDWLQJFDSDFLW\RIDERXW0:  ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI,67+ Keywords:UHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVIRUHVWELRPDVVIRUHVWW\SHVWLPEHUKDUYHVWSRWHQWLDOHFRQRPLFDOLQFRPHVXEUHJLRQDOVFDOH   &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO

E-mail address:SDVTXDOHPDU]LOLDQR#XQLUFLW

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

(2)

,QWURGXFWLRQ

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

7KH ELRPDVV SURGXFWLRQ IRU HQHUJHWLF SXUSRVHV GHULYLQJ IURP IRUHVWU\ WLPEHU LQGXVWU\ DQG 6KRUW 5RWDWLRQ )RUHVWU\ 65) FDQSURYLGHYDULRXVHQYLURQPHQWDODQGVRFLRHFRQRPLFEHQHILWV 1HUL %UXQRUL0DU]LOLDQR HW DO D 0RQHWL HW DO   DQG DUH UHOHYDQW XQGHU 0HGLWHUUHDQHDQ HQYLURQPHQWDO DQG VRFLRHFRQRPLF FRQGLWLRQ 0DU]LOLDQRHWDOE ,QIDFWWKHXVHRIIRUHVWELRPDVVIRUHQHUJ\FRQWULEXWHVWRWKHUHGXFWLRQRI&2

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

,Q WKLV VWXG\ ZH FRQVLGHUHG KRZ D TXDQWLWDWLYH HVWLPDWLRQ RI WKH ZRRG\ ELRPDVV ORFDOO\ DYDLODEOH FRXOG EH DQ XVHIXO VXSSRUW WRRO IRU VDWLVI\LQJ WKH ELRPDVV UHTXHVW IRU HQHUJ\ GHULYLQJ IURP WKH PHWURSROLWDQ DUHD RI 5HJJLR &DODEULD WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW DOVR WKH RWKHU HFRV\VWHP DQG HFRQRPLFDO VHUYLFHV WKDW IRUHVWV SURYLGH 3DUWLFXODUO\ KHUHZHJLYHDJHQHUDORYHUYLHZEDVHGRQVLOYLFXOWXUDODQGGHQGURORJLFDOGDWDVHWVRIWKHIRUHVWVWDQGVRFFXUULQJLQ WKHFRQWH[WRIWKHH[0RXQWDLQ&RPPXQLW\RIVersante Tirrenico MeridionaleORFDWHGLQWKH'LVWULFWRI5HJJLR &DODEULD%DVHGRQWKLVDSSURDFKZHWKHQIRFXVHGRQWKHHVWLPDWLRQRIWKHSRWHQWLDOSURGXFWLRQRIIRUHVWELRPDVVLQ WKHVWXG\DUHDZKHUHUHFHQWO\WKHORFDODXWKRULWLHVKDYHDOUHDG\GHPRQVWUDWHGDJURZLQJLQWHUHVWRQWKLVWRSLF

0DWHULDODQG0HWKRGV

2.1. Study area

7KH VWXG\ DUHD HQFRPSDVVHV WKH WHUULWRU\ RI WKH H[ 0RXQWDLQ &RPPXQLW\ ³Versante Tirrenico Meridionale´ ORFDWHG DORQJ WKH VRXWKHUQ VLGH RI WKH ³Aspromonte´PDVVLI 5HJJLR &DODEULD 'LVWULFW  7KH DUHD LV QRUWK ORFDWHG IURPWKHFLW\RI5HJJLR&DODEULDLQDQDOWLWXGLQDOUDQJHRI·PDVO,WVH[WHQVLRQLVDERXW.PZKHUH WKHRIWKHDUHDLVORFDWHGLQDPRXQWDLQRXVFRQWH[W 0DU]LOLDQRHWDO ,QWKHDOWLWXGLQDOUDQJHRI400· PDVO,WKHVWXG\DUHDLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\IRUHVWVWDQGVRIWHQORFDWHGQHDUWRWKHXUEDQDUHDV$WKLJKHUDOWLWXGHWKH

(3)

PDLQIRUHVWW\SHVDUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\EHHFK Fagus sylvatica / KLJKIRUHVWVVRPHWLPHVPL[HGZLWKVLOYHUILU Abies

alba 0LOO  0RUHRYHU LQ  WKH DOWLWXGHV UDQJLQJ IURP  DQG  P DVO IRUHVWV DUH FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ FRSSLFHGRPLQDWHGE\EHHFKRIWHQVXIIHULQJWKHSUHVVXUHRIH[FHVVLYHSDVWXUH

7KH FHQWUDO DQG ZHVWHUQ SDUW RI WKH DUHD LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ FKHVWQXW Castanea sativa 0LOO  FRSSLFH IRUHVWV UHSUHVHQWLQJ DQ LPSRUWDQWHFRQRPLF LQFRPH IRU ERWK SULYDWH DQGSXEOLF IRUHVWVHFWRU2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ WKH FHQWUDO DQG QRUWKHUQ SDUW LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ RDN FRSSLFH IRUHVWV HVSHFLDOO\ GRPLQDWHG E\ KROP RDN Quercus ilex /  )LQDOO\ LQ WKH PXQLFLSDOLWLHV RI 0RORFKLR 2SSLGR DQG 9DUDSRGLR WKH ODQGVFDSH LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ EODFN SLQH Pinus nigra $UQROG VVS laricio  3RLUHW  SODQWDWLRQVDQG WR D OHVVHU H[WHQW RI PDULWLPH DQG GRPHVWLF SLQH UHVSHFWLYHO\ Pinuspinaster $LWRQDQG Pinus pinea /  0DU]LOLDQR et al   7DEOH  UHSRUWVWKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI IRUHVWW\SHVLQWKHH[DPLQHGWHUULWRU\DQGWKHDPRXQWRIWKHGLIIHUHQWWLPEHUDVVRUWPHQWVUHWULHYDEOH LQSHUFHQW LQ WKH HDFK IRUHVW W\SHV 6RLOV RFFXUULQJ LQ WKH PRXQWDLQRXV SDUW RI WKH VWXG\ DUHD UHIHU WR WKH Dystrudepts H GHL

Dystroxerepts JURXSV )$2   ZKLOH LQ WKH ³*LRLD 7DXUR´ SODLQ WKH\ DUH PDLQO\ OLQNHG WR WKH Hapludands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ethodological approach

,Q WKH VWXG\ DUHD VDPSOLQJ DFWLYLWLHV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG DPRQJ WKH GLIIHUHQW IRUHVW W\SHV 4XDQWLWDWLYH GDWD ZHUH FROOHFWHG IRU GHVFULELQJ WKH WUHH OLYLQJ FRPSRQHQWV DQG WKH VWDQG DWWULEXWHV DOVR LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH VLOYLFXOWXUDO DSSURDFKHVDSSOLHG7KHPHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHFDUULHGRXWLQSORWV HDFKRI·PLQUHODWLRQWRWKHGHQVLW\

DQGFRPSOH[LW\RIWKHIRUHVWVWDQGV SRVLWLRQHGWKURXJKDV\VWHPDWLFVDPSOLQJGHVLJQ0RUHRYHUWKHPRQLWRULQJSORWV ZHUHSURSRUWLRQDOO\DVVLJQHGWRWKHGLIIHUHQWIRUHVWW\SHVLQUHODWLRQWRWKHLUWRWDOH[WHQW7KHUHIRUHWKHGLDPHWHUDW EUHDVWKHLJKW DBH DQGWKHWRWDOKHLJKW Ht RIDOOWKHWUHHVZHUHPHDVXUHG0RUHRYHURQDVXEVDPSOHRIVWDQGLQJ WUHHV DURXQG   UDQGRPO\ VHOHFWHG DQ LQFUHPHQW ZRRG FRUH ZDV WDNHQ E\ D 3UHVVOHU ERUHU DW WKH VWHP EUHDVW KHLJKW LQ RUGHU WR FDOFXODWH WKH FXUUHQW DQQXDO LQFUHPHQW CAI  7KH &$, GHULYHV IURP WKH HVWLPDWLRQ RI WKH 3HUFHQWDJH&XUUHQW$QQXDO,QFUHPHQW PCAI RIWKHIRUHVWVWDQGLQJYROXPH PCAIst 0HDVXULQJWKHIRUHVWVWDQGLQJ YROXPHRIDJLYHQVWDQG Vst WKH&$,LVWKHQFDOFXODWHGDV  st st st V PCAI CAI ˜   ZKHUH

¦

¦

˜ m j j j m j j V V PCAI PCAI     

ZKHUH 3&$,M LV WKH 3&$, UHIHUUHG WR WKH MWK '%+ WUHH VWHP GLDPHWHU DW EUHDVW KHLJKW  FODVV 9M LV WKH IRUHVW

(4)

 7KHYROXPHRIHDFKVWDQGLQJWUHHZDVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJGRXEOHHQWU\YROXPHPRGHOVDOUHDG\DSSOLHGLQWKH ,WDOLDQ 1DWLRQDO )RUHVW ,QYHQWRU\ 7DEDFFKL HW DO   2Q WKH EDVLV RI WKH GDWD REWDLQHG WKH DYHUDJH DQQXDO UHPRYDO RI JURZLQJVWRFN YROXPH ZDV WKHQ FDOFXODWHG FRQVLGHULQJ WKH LQGLFDWLRQV FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH 5HJLRQDO )RUHVWU\3ODQRI&DODEULD PD[RIWKHVWDQGLQJYROXPH 

,Q RUGHU WR DVVHVV WKH SRWHQWLDO DYDLODELOLW\ RI ZRRG\ ELRPDVV ERWK WKHUHVLGXDO ZRRG\ SURGXFWVREWDLQHG IURP

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ƒ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

(5)

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



)LJ'LVWULEXWLRQRIQXPEHURIWUHHVLQUHODWLRQWRWKH'%+IRUHDFKLQYHVWLJDWHGIRUHVWW\SH/HWWHUVUHIHUVWRWKHGLIIHUHQWIRUHVWW\SHVDV IROORZ$ 0RQROD\HUHGEHHFK% %LOD\HUHGEHHFK& 0XOWLOD\HUHGEHHFK' 6LOYHUILUEHHFK( 6LOYHUILU) &RQLIHURXVUHIRUHVWDWLRQ * &KHVWQXW+ +ROPRDN

7KH UHVXOWV REWDLQHG IRU WKH DYHUDJH SURGXFWLRQ YDOXHV DQG WKH HVWLPDWLRQ RI WKH WRWDO DPRXQWV RI ELRPDVV SRWHQWLDOO\ DYDLODEOH HDFK \HDU LQ HDFK IRUHVW W\SRORJ\ DUH UHSRUWHG LQ 7DEOH  7KH SURGXFWLRQ YDOXHV LQ WKH H[DPLQHGDUHDDUHRI(XUR\HDU,QSDUWLFXODUWKHKLJKHVWYDOXHVDUHREWDLQHGIURPEHHFKIRUHVWVWKH XQLTXHZRRGW\SRORJ\WKDWSURYLGHVIRUWKHODUJHVWLQGXVWULDOZRRGTXDQWLW\WREHHPSOR\HGLQYDOXDEOHMRLQHULHV,Q DGGLWLRQEHHFKIRUHVWVDUHWKHODUJHVWZRRGODQGVWKDWFRXOGEHPRVWO\XWLOL]HGDQQXDOO\&RPSDUHGWREHHFKIRUHVWV

(6)

WKH SURGXFWLRQ YDOXHRI FKHVWQXW DQG KROP RDNRQHV LV VLJQLILFDQWO\ ORZHUEHFDXVHRI WKH VPDOOHU XWLOL]DEOH IRUHVW H[WHQW0RUHRYHU WKH HFRQRPLFDO UHYHQXH LV VPDOOHU IRU WKH VLOYHU ILU IRUHVWV VLQFH WKH\ DUH WKH OHVV UHSUHVHQWHG IRUHVW W\SH 5HJDUGLQJ WKH VWDQGV UHIRUHVWHGZLWKEODFNSLQH HYHQ LI WKH\ FRYHU DQ LPSRUWDQW SRUWLRQRI WKH VWXG\ DUHDWKHLUWLPEHUHFRQRPLFYDOXHLVYHU\ORZLIFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHRWKHUIRUHVWVSHFLHVKHUHLQYHVWLJDWHG

7DEOH$VVHVVPHQWRIWKHIRUHVWSURGXFWLRQYDOXHVDQGRIWKHWRWDODQQXDOUHWULHYDEOHELRPDVVIURPIRUHVWLQWKHVWXG\DUHD

3$5 3RWHQWLDODYHUDJHUHYHQXH$8& $YHUDJHXWLOL]DWLRQFRVW$39 $YHUDJHSURGXFWLRQYDOXH86 8WLOL]HGVXUIDFH)39 )RUHVWV SURGXFWLRQYDOXH%5(3 %LRPDVVUHF\FOLQJIRUHQHUJ\SXUSRVHV5%8 5HWULHYDEOHELRPDVVIURPXWLOL]DWLRQV7% 7RWDOELRPDVV

)RUHVWW\SHV 3$5 ¼KD\U  $8& ¼KD\U  $39 ¼KD\U  86 KD\U  )39 ¼\U  %5(3 0J\U  5%8 0J\U  7% 0J\U  %HHFK         6LOYHU)LU         6LOYHU)LU%HHFK         &KHVWQXW         +ROPRDN         &RQLIHURXVUHIRUHVW         727$/        

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

&RQFOXVLRQ

7KH UROH RI IRUHVW ELRPDVV DV D UHQHZDEOH VRXUFH RI HQHUJ\ LV HQFRXUDJLQJ DQ LQFUHDVLQJ LQWHUHVW LQ HQYLURQPHQWDO VRFLDO DQG HFRQRPLF LVVXHV 7KHUHIRUH WKLV VWXG\ KDV H[DPLQHG WKH SRWHQWLDO DYDLODELOLW\ ERWK RI IRUHVWUHVRXUFHVDWWLPEHUKDUYHVWLQJDQGRIWKHLUUHWULHYDEOHELRPDVVLQWKHH[DPLQHGDUHD,QRUGHUWRLQFUHDVHWKH HQHUJHWLFYDOXHRIIRUHVWUHVRXUFHVWKHLUPDQDJHPHQWDWODUJHVFDOHVKRXOGEHLPSURYHG0RUHRYHUFRQVLGHULQJWKH URXJK JURXQG WRSRJUDSK\ FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ WKH $VSURPRQWH DUHD DQG WKH UHVXOWLQJ KLJK WKLQQLQJ FRVWV LQ IRUHVWU\ LW

(7)

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¶LQGDJLQHGHOOHSRWHQ]LDOLWjGHOVHWWRUHIRUHVWDOHLWDOLDQRQHOO¶RIIHUWDGLIRQWLG¶HQHUJLDRapporti APAT 30 %DQJDVK 5) 3DVVXHOOR $ 6DQFKH]&DQDOHV 0 7HUUDGR 0 /ySH] $ -DYLHU (ORU]D ) =LY * $FXxD 9 6FKXKPDFKHU 0   (FRV\VWHP VHUYLFHV LQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ ULYHU EDVLQ &OLPDWH FKDQJH LPSDFW RQ ZDWHU SURYLVLRQLQJ DQG HURVLRQ FRQWURO Science of the Total

Environment, 458–460, ±KWWSG[GRLRUJMVFLWRWHQY

%RUGRQH3%UXQ)&UXD/)XUODQ**DUQHUR**LDX%0DLDQGL*3RJOLDQR$  Manuale per la valutazione della Qualità

economica dei boschi e per la sua rappresentazione3XEEOLFD]LRQH5$,6$Q(GL]LRQL%RVFRH$PELHQWH)URQWRQH 36 SS %RUGRQH3%UXQ)&UXD/)XUODQ**LDX%0DODQGL*  La carta della Qualità economica dei boschi della Valle Germanasca

3XEEOLFD]LRQH5$,6$Q(GL]LRQL%RVFRH$PELHQWH)URQWRQH 36  &LFFDUHVH/  %LRHQHUJLDHFDPELDPHQWLFOLPDWLFLSherwood, 116

&LFFDUHVH/&DVFLR*&DVFRQH&  %LRPDVVDOHJQRVDGDIRUHVWDHGDIXRULIRUHVWDSherwood, 128 )$2  :RUOGUHIHUHQFHEDVHIRUVRLOUHVRXUFHV7KHODWHVW:5%FODVVLILFDWLRQPDQXDO5RPH,WDO\SS *LRUGDQR*  Tecnologia del legno. La materia prima87(77RULQR

+HOOULJO%  /D&RPPLVVLRQH(XURSHDULYDOXWDOHELRPDVVHSherwood, 124, 

/DIRUWH]]D 5 6DQHVL * &KHQ -   /DUJHVFDOH HIIHFWV RI IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW LQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ ODQGVFDSHV RI (XURSH L)RUHVW   85/KWWSZZZVLVHILWLIRUHVWFRQWHQWV"LG LIRU

0DU]LOLDQR 3$ 0HQJX]]DWR * 6FXGHUL $ &RURQD 3   6LPSOLILHG PHWKRGV WR LQYHQWRU\ WKH FXUUHQW DQQXDO LQFUHPHQW RI IRUHVW VWDQGLQJYROXPH.iForest, 5, 85/KWWSZZZVLVHILWLIRUHVWFRQWHQWV"LG LIRU

0DU]LOLDQR3$&ROHWWD90HQJX]]DWR*1LFRODFL$3HOOLFRQH*9HOWUL$ D (IIHFWVRISODQWLQJGHQVLW\RQWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRI ELRPDVVLQDGRXJODVILUSODQWDWLRQLQVRXWKHUQ,WDO\iForest, 885/KWWSZZZVLVHILWLIRUHVWFRQWHQWV"LG LIRU

0DU]LOLDQR 3$ /DIRUWH]]D 5 &RODQJHOR * 'DYLHV & 6DQHVL *   6WUXFWXUDO GLYHUVLW\ DQG KHLJKW JURZWK PRGHOV LQ XUEDQ IRUHVW SODQWDWLRQV$FDVHVWXG\LQQRUWKHUQ,WDO\Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12 (2), KWWSG[GRLRUJMXIXJ 0DU]LOLDQR 3$ /DIRUWH]]D 5 0HGLFDPHQWR 8 /RUXVVR / *LDQQLFR 9 &RODQJHOR & 6DQHVL * E  (VWLPDWLQJ EHORZJURXQG

ELRPDVV DQG URRWVKRRW UDWLR RI 3KLOO\UHD ODWLIROLD / LQ WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ IRUHVW ODQGVFDSHV Annals of Forest Science, 72 (5),  GRL V

0DU]LOLDQR 3$ 0HQJX]]DWR * 3HOOH / 6FXGHUL $ 0DUFLDQz & 6WLOOLWDQR 7   Le risorse forestali: Ipotesi per una gestione

sostenibile. Analisi del valore potenziale legnoso, Area Leader+ Reggino Versante Tirrenico8QLYHUVLWjGHJOL6WXGL0HGLWHUUDQHDGL5HJJLR &DODEULD&HQWUR6WDPSDGL$WHQHRSS,6%1

0RQHWL0'HOIDQWL/030DUXFFL$%HGLQL5*DPEHOOD)3URWR$5*DOOXFFL)  6LPXODWLRQVRIDSODQWZLWKDIOXLGL]HG EHGJDVLILHU:*6DQG36$Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 8 (31)KWWSG[GRLRUJFHV

1HUL7%UXQRUL*%LRHQHUJLDHGLQQRYD]LRQHQHOOHDUHHUXUDOLLOFDVRGHOODPLQLUHWHGLWHOHULVFDOGDPHQWRDELRPDVVDOHJQRVDGLRULJLQH IRUHVWDOHGL&DPSRUJLDQRAtti del XLV Convegno SIDEA3RUWLFLVHWWHPEUH

1LVKL]RQR 7 ,HKDUD 7 .XER\DPD + )XNXGD 0  $ IRUHVW ELRPDVV \LHOG WDEOH EDVHG RQ DQ HPSLULFDO PRGHO Journal of Forest

Research, 10 (3),

3URWR $ 5 =LPEDODWWL *   )LUHZRRG FDEOH H[WUDFWLRQ LQ WKH VRXWKHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ DUHD RI ,WDO\ Forest Science and

Technology.KWWSGRLRUJ

3URWR$5=LPEDODWWL*$EHQDYROL/%HUQDUGL%%HQDOLD6  %LRPDVV3URGXFWLRQLQ$JURIRUHVWU\6\VWHPV9(5L)RU3URMHFW

Advanced Engineering Forum, 11,±KWWSGRLRUJZZZVFLHQWLILFQHW$()

5HFFKLD / 'DRX 0 5LPHGLRWWL 0 &LQL ( 9LHUL 0   1HZ VKUHGGLQJ PDFKLQH IRU UHF\FOLQJ SUXQLQJ UHVLGXDOV Biomass and

Bioenergy, 33 (1),

6DQHVL * /DIRUWH]]D 5 &RODQJHOR * 0DU]LOLDQR 3$ 'DYLHV &   5RRW V\VWHP LQYHVWLJDWLRQ LQ VFOHURSK\OORXV YHJHWDWLRQ DQ RYHUYLHZItalian Journal of Agronomy, 8, GRLLMDH

6WLOOLWDQR70DUFLDQz&  $QDVVHVVPHQWRISRWHQWLDOUHYHQXHIURPWLPEHUKDUYHVWDQGVXVWDLQDEOHIRUHVWELRPDVVSURGXFWLRQIRUHQHUJ\D FDVHVWXG\LQ&DODEULDLQ*LDPHWWD*DQG=LPEDODWWL* HGV 3URFHHGLQJVRI;;;,,,&,267$&,*59&RQIHUHQFH$UWHPLV5HJJLR&DO 7DEDFFKL * 'L &RVPR / *DVSDULQL 3   $ERYHJURXQG WUHH YROXPH DQG SK\WRPDVV SUHGLFWLRQ HTXDWLRQV IRU IRUHVW VSHFLHV LQ ,WDO\

European Journal of Forest Research, 130 (6),GRLV

=LPEDODWWL * 3URWR $ 5   &DEOH ORJJLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU ILUHZRRG LQ &DODEULDQ IRUHVWV Biosystems

Engineering.KWWSGRLRUJMELRV\VWHPVHQJ

=LPEDODWWL*3URWR$5$EHQDYROL/0$VSHWWLWHFQLFRRSHUDWLYLGLLPSUHVHERVFKLYHHGLSULPDWUDVIRUPD]LRQHLQ&DODEULDAtti VIII

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

Para ello se analiza si se producen diferencias en función del tipo de centro en aspectos como la relación con las familias, el porcentaje de estudiantes que han

De Bonis, Maurizio G., Schweitzer, Ariel, Spagnoletti, Giovanni (2009), Il cinema israeliano contemporaneo. Venezia: Marsilio Editore, pp. Firenze: Giunti Editore, pp.. I

La sequenza delle maglie formate da ogni filo è, nella maglia in catena, non più trasversale, come nella maglia in trama, bensì longitudinale e secondo la linea

Altre, poche, carte di Laura sono nell’Ar- chivio privato Mario Boneschi, padre dell’autrice, subfondo Matilde Zanetti (d’ora in poi AMB, subfondoMZ) che contiene carte relative

Si ricorda ai Partecipanti che il rilascio della certificazione dei Crediti è subordinata alla partecipazione al programma formativo nella misura del 90% di frequenza sull’intera

Being male and employed, the fact of playing and to have gambling prob- lems for less than a year, a preference for non-strategic gambling, and high frequency of playing were found

Anche se da assente, partecipa a São Paulo alla Settimana d’Arte Moderna del 1922 con delle opere che aveva lasciato nella città; sarebbe ritornato alcuni anni dopo in

- the cooling power (calculated as P cool =Q m *c p *ΔT, where Q m is the water mass flow rate, c p the specific heat capacity of water and ΔT the temperature difference