Smart hospitals in smart cities

EDITORS

ALEKSANDRA KRSTIĆ-FURUNDŽIĆ

MILENA VUKMIROVIĆ

EVA VANIŠTA LAZAREVIĆ

AND ALEKSANDRA ĐUKIĆ

5th INTERNATIONAL

ACADEMIC CONFERENCE ON

PLACES AND TECHNOLOGIES

PLACES AND TECHNOLOGIES 2018

THE 5

_{INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE ON}

PLACES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Aleksandra Krstić-Furundžić, Milena Vukmirović, Eva Vaništa Lazarević, Aleksandra Đukić FOR PUBLISHER: Vladan Đokić

PUBLISHER: University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture DESIGN: Stanislav Mirković

TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Jana Milovanović PLACE AND YEAR: Belgrade 2018 ISBN: 978-86-7924-199-3

ORGANIZERS

CONFERENCE SUPPORT

Ministry of Education, Science

and Technological development

Ministry of Mining and Energy

Ministry of Civil engineering,

transport and infrastructure

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IMAGE, IDENTITY AND QUALITY OF PLACE: URBAN ASPECTS

THE EFFECT OF BEHAVIOURAL SETTINGS ON THE REGENERATION OF

URBAN DYNAMIC ARTS, CASE STUDY: TEHRAN AZADI SQUARE

3

Yasaman NEKOUI, Ali Entezarinajafabadi

DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS OF THE ZAGREB’S SATELLITE TOWN

DUGOSELO - “THE CITY OF THE FUTURE”

11

Lea Petrović Krajnik, Damir Krajnik, Ivan Mlinar

SUSTAINABILITY OF MODERN-DAY UTOPIAS AS SEEN IN MASS MEDIA

18

Aleksandra Til

URBAN DENSIFICATION OF THE POST-SOCIALIST CITY AND ITS

IMPLICATIONS UPON URBAN STRUCTURE: A STUDY OF NIS, SERBIA

25

Milena Dinić Branković, Ivana Bogdanović Protić, Mihailo Mitković, Jelena Đekić

MUSEUM QUARTERS VS CREATIVE CLUSTERS: FORMATION OF THE

IDENTI-TY AND QUALIIDENTI-TY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

35

Ekaterina Kochergina

URBAN NON-MECHANICAL CODE AND PUBLIC SPACE

43

Aleksandra Đukić, Valentina Milovanović, Dubravko Aleksić

ADDRESSING THE SOCIO-SANITARY EMERGENCY IN AFRICA:

THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGNING A COMMUNITY HEALTH

CENTRE IN MALI

50

Adolfo F. L. Baratta, Laura Calcagnini, Fabrizio Finucci, Cecilia M. L. Luschi, Antonio Magarò, Massimo Mariani, Alessandra Venturoli, Alessandra Vezzi

THE NETWORK OF LOCAL CENTERS AS A TOOL FOR STRENGTHENING THE

SUPER-BLOCK COMMUNITIES: BELGRADE VS. ROME

58

Predrag Jovanović, Aleksandra Stupar

TRANSFORMATION OF IDENTITY OF SAVAMALA DISTRICT IN BELGRADE 66

Aleksandra Đukić , Jelena Marić, Tamara Radić

THE CULTURE OF MEMORY AND OPEN PUBLIC SPACE - BANJA LUKA

73

Jelena Stankovic, Milenko Stankovic

IMAGE, IDENTITY AND QUALITY OF PLACE: ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS

IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL HOUSING THROUGH THE MIXING CONCEPT

IMPLEMENTATION 83

Nataša Petković Grozdanović, Branislava Stoiljković, Vladana Petrović, Aleksandar Keković Goran Jovanović

IMPROVING THE IDENTITY OF NON – SURROUNDED COMMUNAL SPACES

WITH USING ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMING. CASE STUDY: NAJAF ABAD

(ESFAHAN), IMAM KHOMEINI SQUARE

91

Ali Entezarinajafabadi, YasamanNekoui

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE ARCHITECTURAL OPUS OF

NA-TIONAL STYLE WITH MODELS IN FOLK ARCHITECTURE AND NEW

INTERPO-LATIONS 100

Katarina Stojanović

SHOPPING CENTRE AS A LEISURE SPACE: CASE STUDY OF BELGRADE 108

Marija Cvetković, Jelena Živković, Ksenija Lalović

ARCHITECTURAL CREATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON HUMANS

119

Nikola Z. Furundžić, Dijana P. Furundžić, Aleksandra Krstić-Furundžić

INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART(ER) CITIES

POTENTIAL OF ADAPTING SMART CULTURAL MODEL: THE CASE OF JEDDAH

OPEN- SCULPTURE MUSEUM

131

Sema Refae, Aida Nayer

AN INNOVATIVE PROTOCOL TO ASSESS AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY IN

RESPONSIBLE COMMUNITIES

140

Lucia Martincigh, Marina Di Guida, Giovanni Perrucci

GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS DESIGN: CASE STUDY OF

ARMUTLU DISTRICT

148

Ayşe Fidan ALTUN, Muhsin KILIC

DATA COLLECTION METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC BUILDING

STOCK REFURBISHMENT POTENTIAL

157

Ljiljana Đukanović, Nataša Ćuković,\ Ignjatović,, Milica Jovanović Popović

SMART HOSPITALS IN SMART CITIES

165

Maria Grazia Giardinelli, Luca Marzi, Valentina Santi

INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TOOLS

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY USES IN CITIES – PRINCIPLES, PATTERNS AND

INTERDEPENDENCE

175

Marina Carević Tomić, Milica Kostreš, Darko Reba

MODELLING AND ANALYSING LAND USE CHANGES WITH DATA-DRIVEN

MOD-ELS: A REVIEW OF APPLICATION ON THE BELGRADE STUDY AREA

183

Mileva Samardžic-Petrović, Branislav Bajat, Miloš Kovačević, Suzana Dragićević

INNOVATIVE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

190

URBAN FACILITY MANAGEMENT ROLE

196

Alenka Temeljotov Salaj, Svein Bjørberg Carmel, Margaret Lindkvist, Jardar Lohne

ANALYSES OF PUBLIC SPACES IN BELGRADE USING GEO-REFERENCED

TWITTER DATA

205

Nikola Džaković, Nikola Dinkić, Jugoslav Joković, Leonid Stoimenov, Aleksandra Djukić

SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF TWITTER DATA FOR EXPLORATION OF PUBLIC

SPACE SENTIMENTS

212

Miroslava Raspopovic Milic, Milena Vukmirovic

CITIES AND SCREENS: ARCHITECTURE AND INFORMATION IN THE AGE OF

TRANSDUCTIVE REPRODUCTION

217

Catarina Patrício

CITIZEN EMPOWERMENT, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRATIC CITIES

CITIES AS PLATFORMS FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION: AN INVESTIGATION INTO

HOW DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND TOOLS ARE USED TO SUPPORT

ENTREPRE-NEURSHIP IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

227

Margarita Angelidou

PROBLEM ISSUES OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION:

GEO-MINING PARKIN SARDINIA

235

Nađa Beretić, Arnaldo Cecchini, Zoran Đukanović

A METHODOLOGY FOR STAKEHOLDER EMPOWERMENT AND BENEFIT

ASSESSMENT OF MUNICIPAL LONG-TERM DEEP RENOVATION STRATEGIES:

A SURVEY WITHIN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN MUNICIPALITIES

242

Sebastian Botzler

THE OPPORTUNITIES OF MEDIATED PUBLIC SPACES: CO-CREATION

PRO-CESS FOR MORE INCLUSIVE URBAN PUBLIC SPACES

249

Inês Almeida, Joana Solipa Batista, Carlos Smaniotto, Costa Marluci Menezes

ARCHITECTURE AS SOCIAL INNOVATION: EDUCATION FOR NEW FORMS OF

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

255

Danijela Milovanović Rodić, Božena Stojić, Aleksandra Milovanović

CITY AS A PRODUCT, PLANNING AS A SERVICE

262

Viktorija Prilenska, Katrin Paadam, Roode Liias

RAJKA: CHANGING SOCIAL, ETHNIC AND ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER OF

THE “HUNGARIAN SUBURB” OF BRATISLAVA

269

Dániel Balizs, Péter Bajmócy

POSSIBLE IMPACT OF MIGRANT CRISIS ON THE CONCEPT OF URBAN

PLAN-NING

279

TOWARDS DIMINUISHING DISADVANTAGES IN MIGRATION ISSUES IN SERBIA

(FROM 2015) THROUGH PROPOSAL OF SOME MODELS

287

Eva Vaništa Lazarević, Jelena Marić, Dragan Komatina

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS

APPLICATION OF ENERGY SIMULATION OF AN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

BUILDING 303

Norbert Harmathy, Zoltán Magyar

APPLICATION OF TRADITIONAL MATERIALS IN DESIGN OF ENERGY

EFFI-CIENT INTERIORS

311

Vladana Petrović, Nataša Petković Grozdanović, Branislava Stoiljković, Aleksandar Keković Goran Jovanović

DETERMINATION OF THE LIMIT VALUE OF PERMITTED ENERGY CLASS FOR

THE KINDERGARTENS IN THE NORTH REGION OF BOSNIA AND

HERZEGOVI-NA

318

Darija Gajić, Biljana Antunović, Aleksandar Janković

ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY AND ECOLOGICALLY RESPONSIBLE

DESIGN OF STUDENT HOUSE BUILDINGS

326

Malina Čvoro, Saša B. Čvoro, Aleksandar Janković

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS THROUGH

TRANSIENT SIMULATION

332

Ayşe Fidan ALTUN, Muhsin KILIC

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF

“ZERO-ENER-GY BUILDINGS”

340

Kosa Goli

ć,

ENERGY REFURBISHMENT OF A PUBLIC BUILDING IN BELGRADE

348

Mirjana Miletić, Aleksandra Krstić-Furundzić

TYPOLOGY OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN SERBIA: A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE

ENERGY REFURBISHMENT

357

Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović, Dušan Ignjatović, Ljiljana Đukanović

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

EVALUATION OF ADVANCED NATURAL VENTILATION POTENTIAL IN THE

MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL REGION OF CATALONIA

367

Nikola Pesic, Jaime Roset Calzada, Adrian MurosAlcojor

TRENDS IN INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC FACILITIES INTO THE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

375

Aleksandra Krstić-Furundžić, Alessandra Scognamiglio, Mirjana Devetaković, Francesco Frontini, Budimir Sudimac,

INTEGRATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES INTO BUILDINGS

MADE FROM CLT

389

Milica Petrović, Isidora Ilić

INTEGRATION OF SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS INTO GREEN

BUILD-INGS BY APPLYING GIS AND BIM TECHNOLOGIES

394

Kosa Golić, Vesna Kosorić, Dragana Mecanov

IMPLEMENTING ADAPTIVE FAÇADES CONCEPT IN BUILDINGS DESIGN: A

CASE STUDY OF A SPORTS HALL

402

Aleksandar Petrovski, Lepa Petrovska-Hristovska

SIMULATION AIDED ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF A COMPLEX

OFFICE BUILDING PROJECT

409

Norbert Harmathy, László Szerdahelyi

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND PROCESS

THE HABITABLE BRIDGE: EXPLORING AN ARCHITECTURAL PARADIGM THAT

COMBINES CONNECTIVITY WITH HABITATION

421

Ioanna Symeonidou

REFURBISHMENT OF POST-WAR PREFABRICATED

MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS

428

Aleksandra Krstić-Furundžić, Tatjana Kosić, PhD

THE FUTURE (OF) BUILDING

438

Morana Pap, Roberto Vdović, Bojan Baletić

COMPARISON OF ARCHITECTS’ AND USERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD SPATIAL

CHARACTERISTICS OF APARTMENTS

445

Ivana Brkanić

DIGITAL VS. TRADITIONAL DESIGN PROCESS

453

Igor Svetel, Tatjana Kosić, Milica Pejanović

CREATING THE EASTERN CAMPUS CONCEPT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PÉCS -

CONNECTED THE FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

461

Péter Paári, Gabriella Medvegy, Bálint Bachmann

BUILDING STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS

S

USTAINABILITY BENEFITS OF FERROCEMENT АPPLICATION IN

COM-POSITE BUILDING STRUCTURES

471

Aleksandra Nenadović, ŽikicaTekić

POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY EFFICIENT REFURBISHMENT OF A FAMILY VILLA

IN BELGRADE: A CASE STUDY

479

ENHANCING THE BUILDING ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING

BUILD-INGS USING HYBRID VENTILATED FAÇADE SYSTEMS

485

Katerina Tsikaloudaki, Theodore Theodosiou, Stella Tsoka, Dimitrios Bikas

STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF ADAPTIVE FACADES

493

Marcin Kozłowski, Chiara Bedon, Klára Machalická, Thomas Wüest, Dániel Honfi

STRATEGIZING FOR INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS: THE CASE OF BEIRUT 500

Hassan Zaiter, Francesca Giofrè

THE IMPACT OF USERS’ BEHAVIOUR ON SOLAR GAINS IN RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS 509

Rajčić Aleksandar, Radivojević Ana, Đukanović Ljiljana

PRESERVATION OF ORIGINAL APPEARANCE OF EXPOSED CONCRETE

FACADES, CASE STUDY: RESIDENTIAL BLOCK 23, NEW BELGRADE

517

Nikola Macut, Ana Radivojević

ADAPTIVE REUSE

CONVERSION AS MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR DEVASTATED

INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES

529

Branko AJ Turnšek, Aleksandra Kostić, Milun Rancić

SILO CONVERSION - POTENTIALS, FLEXIBILITY AND CONSTRAINTS

537

Branko AJ Turnsek, Ljiljana Jevremovic, Ana Stanojevic

ARCHITECTURE OF MULTIPLE BEGINNINGS AS A TOOL OF SUSTAINABLE

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

545

Milan Brzaković, Petar Mitković, Aleksandar Milojković, Marko Nikolić

INHABITING THE TOWER. THE PARADIGM OF THE FORTIFIED TOWERS OF

MANI AND THE REUSE PROJECT

556

Rachele Lomurno

ADAPTIVE REUSE THROUGH CREATIVE INDUSTRY TOOLS: CASE OF

URAL-MASH, YEKATERINBURG, RUSSIA

564

Eva Vaništa Lazarević, Timur Abdullaev, Larisa Bannikova

URBAN MOBILITY, TRANSPORT AND TRAFFIC SOLUTIONS

POLICY FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS IN URBAN

AEREAS BASED ON REGULATORY AND FISCAL MEASURES

579

Marija Glogovac, Olja Čokorilo

SIMULATING PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIOUR IN SCHOOL ZONES – POSSIBILITIES

AND CHALLENGES

586

MODEL OF SMART PEDESTRIAN NETWORK DEVELOPMENT USING AN

EDGE-NODE SPACE SYNTAX ABSTRACTION FOR URBAN CENTRES

593

Bálint Kádár

THE ROLE OF SMART PASSENGER INTERCHANGES IN THE URBAN

TRANS-PORT NETWORK

604

Bia Mandžuka, Marinko Jurčević, Davor Brčić

CLIMATE CHANGE, RESILIENCE OF PLACES AND HAZARD RISK

MANAGE-MENT

THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE DESIGN ELEMENTS OF

CON-TEMPORARY WINERIES - CASE STUDIES

617

Branko AJ Turnšek, Ana Stanojević, LjiljanaJevremović

DETERMINATION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT POLICIES USING URBAN

RESILIENCE AND SYSTEM DYNAMICS SIMULATION APPROACH

626

Zoran Keković, Ozren Džigurski, Vladimir Ninković

QUALITIES OF RESILIENT CITY IN SYSTEMS OF PLANNING SUSTAINABLE

URBAN DEVELOPMENT. AN INTRODUCTORY REVIEW.

634

Brankica Milojević,Isidora Karan

PLACE-BASED URBAN DESIGN EDUCATION FOR ADAPTING CITIES TO

CLI-MATE CHANGE

641

Jelena Živković, Ksenija Lalović

IMPROVING URBAN RESILIENCE, INCREASING ENVIRONMENTAL

AWARENESS: NEW CHALLENGE OF ARCHITECTURAL AND

PLANNING EDUCATION

652

Aleksandra Stupar, Vladimir Mihajlov, Ivan Simic

URBAN RESILIENCE AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN: TECHNOLOGIES, MATERIALS

AND FORMS OF THE NEW PUBLIC SPACE

659

Vincenzo Paolo Bagnato

THERMAL COMFORT OF NIŠFORTRESS PARK IN THE SUMMER PERIOD 666

Ivana Bogdanović Protić, Milena Dinić Branković, Petar Mitković, Milica Ljubenović

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND NATURAL BASED SOLUTIONS

SMALL ISLANDS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE U.E. MARINE STRATEGY –

CHERADI’S ARCHIPELAGO IN TARANTO

679

Giuseppe d’Agostino, Federica Montalto

LANDSCAPE AWARENESS AND RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION IN

BOS-NIA AND HERZEGOVINA

686

SAVAPARK – A RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE NEW DEVELOPMENT FOR

ŠABAC

692

Milena Zindović, Ksenija Lukić Marović

ADRIATIC LIGHTHOUSES. STRATEGIC VISIONS AND DESIGN FEATURES 702

Michele Montemurro

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURES: TYPOLOGICAL

INVENTORY OF GREEK WATER RESERVOIRS’ LANDSCAPE

710

Marianna Nana,Maria Ananiadou-Tzimopoulou

THE BASIN OF THE MAR PICCOLO OF TARANTO AS URBAN AND LANDSCAPE

“THEATRE”

717

Francesco Paolo Protomastro

INTERWEAVING AND COMPLEXITIES OF THE MAN-MADE ENVIRONMENT AND

NATURE

725

Dženana Bijedić, Senaida Halilović, Rada Čahtarević

BUILT HERITAGE, NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND DANUBE CORRIDOR

DIGITAL TOOLS IN RESEARCHING HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES 737

Milena Vukmirović, Nikola Samardžić

APPLICATION OF BIM TECHNOLOGY IN THE PROCESSES OF DOCUMENTING

HERITAGE BUILDINGS

751

Mirjana Devetaković, Milan Radojević

GIS-BASED MAPPING OF DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS OF UNDERVALUED

REGIONS – A CASE STUDY OF BAČKA PALANKA MUNICIPALITY IN SERBIA 758

Ranka Medenica, Milica Kostreš, Darko Reba, Marina Carević Tomić

MAPPING THE ATTRACTIVITY OF TOURIST SITES ALL ALONG THE DANUBE

USING GEOTAGGED IMAGES FROM FLICKR.COM

766

Bálint Kádár, Mátyás Gede

INVENTARISATION AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

DOC-UMENTATION: A CROATIAN MATCH FACTORY CASE STUDY

777

Lucija Lončar, Zlatko Karač

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF ANCIENT VIMINACIUM AND MODERN KOSTOLAC

– CREATION OF A NEW APPROACH TO THE PRESERVATION AND

PRESENTA-TION OF ITS ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

785

Emilija Nikolić, Mirjana Roter-Blagojević

ALTERNATIVE TERRITORIAL CHANGES OF HOUSING ESTATES TOWARDS A

SUSTAINABLE CONCEPTION

793

HERITAGE, TOURISM AND DANUBE CORRIDOR

CULTURAL TOURISM IN THE BALKANS: TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES.

807

Kleoniki Gkioufi

CULTURAL TOURISM AS A NEW DRIVING FORCE FOR A SETTLEMENT

REVIT-ALISATION: THE CASE OF GOLUBAC MUNICIPALITY IN IRON GATES REGION,

SERBIA

814

Branislav Antonić, Aleksandra Djukić

CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL IDENTITY OF TWIN CITIES

KOMÁR-NO-KOMÁROM

823

Kristína Kalašová

PLACE NETWORKS. EXPERIENCE THE CITY ON FOOT

830

Milena Vukmirovic, Aleksandra Djukić, Branislav Antonić

STORIES WITH SOUP - CULTURAL HERITAGE MOMENTS ALONG THE

DAN-UBE RIVER

837

Heidi Dumreicher, Bettina Kolb, Michael Anranter

ETHNIC AND TOPONYMIC BACKGROUND OF THE SERBIAN CULTURAL

HERI-TAGE ALONG THE DANUBE

844

Dániel Balizs, Béla Zsolt Gergely

SPATIAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

BEAUTIFUL VILLAGE PROJECT: AN ARCHITECTUAL AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN

STRATEGY FOR NON-HERITAGE VILLAGES IN HEBEI PROVINCE

859

Dapeng Zhao, Bálint Bachmann, Tie Wang

CHANGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHERN CROATIA CITIES AND

MUNICI-PALITIES FROM 1991 TO 2011: MULTIVARIABLE ANALYTICAL APPROACH 869

Valentina Valjak

SPECIFICS OF DYNAMICS OF SHRINKING SMALL TOWNS IN SERBIA

879

Milica Ljubenović, Milica Igić, Jelena Đekić, Ivana Bogdanović-Protić, Ana Momčilović-Petronijević

BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN THE LIGHT OF

CLIMATE CHANGE IN SERBIA– OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

888

Milica Igić, Milica Ljubenović, Jelena Đekić, Mihailo Mitković

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE REGIONALDEVELOPMENT:

EXPERIENCES FROM “LEARNING ECONOMIES” ITALY-SERBIA BILATERAL

PROJECT 899

ASSESSMENT OF VALUE OF BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM

AGRICUL-TURAL WASTE IN LESKOVAC FIELD AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE

SETTLE-MENT DEVELOPSETTLE-MENT PLANNING

908

Mihailo Mitković, Dragoljub Živković, Petar Mitković, Milena Dinić Branković, Milica Igić

MULTIFUNCTIONAL FACILITIES – FROM PRIMARY FUNCTIONS TO SPATIAL

LANDMARKS (STUDY OF TWO CASES IN SERBIA AND BOSNIA AND

HERZE-GOVINA) 918

IMAGE, IDENTITY AND QUALITY OF PLACE:

URBAN ASPECTS

165 PLACES AND TECHNOLOGIES 2018

|INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART(ER) CITIES|

SMART HOSPITALS IN SMART CITIES

Arch. PhD. Maria Grazia Giardinelli 1

TESIS Interuniversity Research Centre, DiDA Architecture Department of University of Flor-ence, Via San Niccolò 93, 50125 FlorFlor-ence, mariagrazia.giardinelli@unifi.it

Arch. PhD Luca Marzi

TESIS Interuniversity Research Centre, DiDA Architecture Department of University of Flor-ence, Via San Niccolò 93, 50125 FlorFlor-ence, luca.marzi@unifi.it

Arch. PhD Valentina Santi

TESIS Interuniversity Research Centre, DiDA Architecture Department of University of Flor-ence, Via San Niccolò 93, 50125 FlorFlor-ence, valentina.santi@unifi.it

ABSTRACT

The Internet of Things (IoT)has contributed to the beginning of the era of Smart Cities, Smart Schools, Smart Homes and then Smart Hospitals. Smart cities are able to reduce maintenance costs by optimizing energy consumption, to improve citizens’ safety, to monitor and control municipal functions like parking, traffic, lighting, and overall satisfaction of all residents. At the same time, in this increasingly wireless and connected world, also many hospitals and healthcare facilities are connecting to Internet of Things, devices to enhance security, safety, operational efficiency and the patient and resident experience.

One of the issues to be addressed is that hospitals are still not very smart. The problem is not so much the diffusion of technologies, rather then to make sure that those already present, that are almost always isolated can dialogue with those of recent development and thus create new generation of infrastructures. For example, any hospital has security systems, the evolutionary leap is to enrich all this with new platforms to create an integrated and reactive system. Another issue is also connecting the Smart City with the Smart Hospital in order to maintain the care also after the check out, to accompany the patient after the discharge from the hospital in his/her journey back home and throughout all the period of convalescence.

In this sense it is very important to have a connection between IoT, Cities infrastructures and new diffused Hospitals infrastructure in the cities.

The article, starting from the description of two examples of European University Smart Hos-pitals (Careggi Smart Hospital in Florence, Rovereto Hospitaland the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm), analyzes the potentiality of the new technologies embedded in Smart Hospital, and identifies the main strategies to connect the Smart Hospitals with the Smart Cities.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Hospitals, Smart Cities.

Technological innovation in Hospital buildings

In 1999, at the Massachusetts Institute of technology, the British technologist Kevin Aston coined the term “Internet of Things – IoT” as system able to “connect devices such as everyday consumer objects and industrial/commercial equipment onto the network, enabling information gathering and management of these devices via software to increase efficiency, enable new services or achieve other health, safety or environmental benefits”.

Internet of things (IoT) startsthe beginning of the 4th_{industry technological revolution and it}

represents a network connecting any items with internet with the aim to implement information

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5th INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE

|INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART(ER) CITIES|

exchange and communication, furthermore to implement intelligent recognition, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management, by means of radiofrequency identification (RFID), in-fraredsensors, GPS, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment, according to conventional protocol (Gu, JingJing; Chen, SongCan; Zhuang, YI).

Digital and smart technologies are now an integral part of our everyday life and often hidden in the objects that we use, in the functions that help us to live better, to work, to have free time and so on.Even cities are now becoming more and more smart, integrating technologies for energy management, including those from renewable sources, for the smart mobility, the use of big data for monitoring traffic or the level of pollution or for preventing natural disasters.This global technological evolution allows today to use the potential of digital communication technologies also in terms of Health 4.0, with the aim of increasing people’s health, information security, sustainability of medical care and use of enabling technologies related to online health. The 4.0 Hospital is an integral part of the Smart City, thanks to the advanced and capillary sanitary networks that allow the communication and data from the hospital building to the city up to enter in our homes. So the Smart Hospital allowsto monitor remotely the health status of long-term patients (for examples telemedicine). This allows not only to make the health supply more widespread and to improve its quality but also to have a saving of current levels of expenditure.For what concerns specifically IoT in Health Care, three different settings are usually considered: - Acute care (hospitals), - Community-based care (home setting) and Long-term care (nursing homes).IoTs can be used to collect patient and other data in these settings, and aggregate data using analytics and then reporting the information to caregivers and or take some action, (Laplante, Philipp; Kassab, Mohammad; Laplante, Nancy; Voas, Jeffrey). Following the concept of the patient-centred or people-centred, the aim is that in the future the patients will be supposed to come up with a plan that works for them, together with their healthcare staff. So the patient is not any more a passive part of the treatment, rather is will be included as partner, (Barsaum, Peter; Berg, Paul; Hagman, Andreas; Scandurra, Isabella). What defines a Smart Hospital?Smart hospital, based on technology of IoT and constructed with the vector of various application service systems, is a new kind of hospital in which are integrated the function of diagnosis, treatment, management and decision with intelligent sys-tems of ICT. The features of IoT, such as comprehensive perception, reliable transmission, intelligent processing and so on provides technique support platform for the construction and implementation of smart hospital (Lei, Yu; Yang, Lu; Xiao, Juan Zhu).

An hospital building is Smart not only when all the aspects related to patient care, logistics, tracking of personnel and users, tracing of medicines, intelligent care devices, etc. are smart, but also everything related to spaces, architecture andbuilding installations are Smart.What are the main technological innovations that make an hospital smart?Some of the key technologies involved in Smart Hospitals are:

1.Internet Technologythat represents the engine that make the system fully functional, through use of wireless communication, IrDA (InfraredData Association), Buetooth, WIFI (wirelessFidel-ity), UWB (untrawideband), Zigbee, and so on.

2. RFID Technology: RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) is “a technology for the automatic identification and/or the storage of information related to objects, animals or people (automatic identifying and data capture, AIDC) based on the data storage capacity of particular electronic labels, called tags (or even transponders or electronic or proximity keys), and on their ability to respond to remote interrogation by specific fixed or portable devices, called readers (or even interrogators)”, (Wikipedia).

- Rfid technology, applied to the care system allows: the traceability of personnel and patients to locating them, the traceability of medical instruments and miscellaneous material to make logistics more efficient with the effect of saving costs and time, increasing safety for the

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tients. For example providing each employee with an identification tag on radio frequencies, it is possible to precisely manage the accessibility of everyone to areas of its own competence, prohibiting at the same time its access where it is not allowed.Another use is the use of RFID technology in hospitals is to track workwear. Tracing the garments entails advantages both in the management of laundry operations and in the phase of order and reordering of materials. - Rfid technology, applied to hospital building allows: to have the story about the maintenance operations of the plants and of the structural components of the building. This is important to make efficient programmed maintenance. Rfid applied to the buildings allows to know the origin of construction materials and furniture, to guarantee the use of sustainable materials, without toxic substances.

3. Sensor Network Technology that is the core of IoT and it can cooperatewith RFID systems to better track the status of things, i.e.their location, temperature, movements, etc. Sensornet-works consist of a certain number (which can be veryhigh) of sensing nodes communicating in a wirelessmultichip fashion. Usually nodes report the results of theirsensing to a small number (in most cases, only one) ofspecial nodes called sinks. With the continuousdevelopment of science and technology, the traditionalsensors are in the procedure of microminiaturization,in-tellectualization, and beingnetworked (Atzori, Iera, Morabito).

- Sensor Network Technology applied to care system offers various forms of personalized care, monitoring personal health conditions also by remote way as well as enhancing patient safety. It allows assistive home monitoring system forpatients, incorporating medical datacaptured via different biosensors embedded into the patient’s physical surrounding (Holzinger, Martina). - Sensor Network Technology applied to hospital buildings allows several applications, such as environmental monitoring, control energy saving,plant monitoring, lighting, fire protection, ac-cess control, heating and air conditioning, anti-intrusion, video surveillance, security. It consists of electronic devices designed to monitor and control the different sub-systems of a buildings. Several research projects developed prototypes of pressure sensitive floor elements allow-ing the detection of falls without additional technology beallow-ing worn by the patient. While early systems distributed pressure sensitive floor tiles at specific locations within the environment (Holzinger, Martina).

4. Embedded Technology:IoT is an embedded system based oninternet. Just because more and more intelligent terminalproducts have the requirements to network, it hasten theproduc-tion of IoT concept (Xiaohui, Liu).

5. Blockchain:another recent system that makes up the IoT is the technology of the blockchain. This technology derives from bitcoin technology, and itallows to read large volumes of het-erogeneous data coming from nanocomponents, mobile devices, app and internet of things. The true disruptive innovation is undoubtedly the use of the blockchain system applied for the first time to the exchange of medical data that summarize the clinical history of a patient in an encrypted, sequential and accessible to everyone way.

6. Software and BIM: another advantage is the use of the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodologies that allow, through the mapping of the hospital building, to manage and control the hospital management and maintenance planning process. BIMallows managingthe activ-ities and roles of the different operators involved in the various stages of the design process, through the exchange and sharing of complex data and multidisciplinary knowledge. One of the main objective is to guarantee the saving of energy consumption by developing design models capable of simulating alternative conditions, measuring the impact of different technological choices and helping the decision about the collocation of various spaces and functions. Energy efficiency is one of the strategic objectives on which these models are focused, both for the purposes of cost containment and environmental compatibility.

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on digitalenvironment to promote the implementation process insmart diagnosis, smart treat-ment, smart managetreat-ment,smart decision and smart service.Each citizen can therefore be connected to an adaptive and intelligent infrastructure that through blockchain, IoT, wearable devices and networks, can inform people about their state of health through sensors and no-tifications and will contribute to raising the expectation of a healthy life from the physical and mental point of view.

ICT Technologies application in existing Hospitals: the cases of Careggi Hospital in

Florence and Rovereto Hospital

Integrated data management in an existing hospitalbuilding that moving to become “smart” representan opportunity to improve healthcare services offer.

In particular,the possibility for every citizenof accessing to healthcare information in a virtual way allows improving the efficiencyof the referring healthcare system. Healthcare companies are acquiring information systems capable of retrieving data from internal and/or external data-bases with the aim of managing many data about the patient’s care path.

According to the indications of the EU eHealth Action Plan, the University Hospital of Careggi in Florence (AOUC), starting from 2013, utilizes a platform named “Careggi Smart Hospital”, defined as “a platform for the development of new applications to simplify the life of hospital users through the use of technology “.Through multi-channel access solutions with app, web and Totem, the platform offers to citizen the possibility to access at all digital health services. The system can be used in a public or a private mode (customizable according privacy char-acteristics that each user chose) and it allows managingmany data about different services like booking services, analysis of reports, payments, control of therapeutic pathways and informa-tion on care services about the hospital area. The platform allows also having a map of spaces of the entire university hospital campus thatconsistof 50 buildings covering more than 250,000 square meters.

Figure 1: Interactive map for orientation within the Careggi Hospital Area

The Smart application retrieves in a real-time data from the various systems used in the hospi-tal. In particular, the system of Careggi Smart Hospitalcollects data from operational-manage-ment databases with the aim to define a framework of coded information simplified for users. The wayfinding module of the App is a “search engine” that allows the user to find buildings, paths, activities, people and functions in over 15,000 environments (rooms) in the Careggi

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Hospital area.The App is based on the Computerized System of Structural Consistency Analy-sis (S.A.C.S. ©) that manages a series of information summarized in:organizational, structural and plant data, relating to all 52 buildings belonging to the Careggi Hospital. SACS is a suite of software that, on the scale of the single room (room), manages data related to the health organization, to the personnel, plant and technology types as well as functions strictly related to the management of space and equipment maintenance, locating information on the structural dimensional consistencies of buildings and their territorial structure. Careggi Smart Hospital of-fers a view of the system on information concerning certain characteristics, such as personnel, the use of environments and the homogeneous clusters related to the types of care present in the pavilions or in portions (blocks).

Thanks to the smart app it is possible to carry out targeted research, such as the location of medical personnel (and their institutional references in order to be able to contacted them), the location of areas of health activities identifying the building and floor and, through the interface with the plans, it is possible to identify the routes to perform in order to achieve the function, based on the user’s location.

Figure 2: Saacs Concept Configuration

Another interesting system is “I-Locate”, a software developed in Rovereto Hospital (Italy). The project involved 24 European institutions with the aim of creating a portal for geographic data related to indoor environments, and an interoperable platform able to support different technologies of “indoor location”. The Rovereto Hospital was identified as the optimal facility for experimentation. In fact, the idea was to experiment this software in medium-sized hospital

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in order to produce replicable and diffusive results in other large-scale hospitals. The software was tested in other hospital environmentsuch as the Utrecht hospital in the Netherlands, the MITERA hospital in Athens, the St James hospital in Malta and the Alba Iulia hospital in Ro-mania.The system, based on IoT architecture, is composed of a QR code, a wi-fi or bluetooth signal and it allows tracking placement and availability of medical supplies in real time. In addition, it is possibleto attach to object information’s about, for example, instructions for the use orthe expiration of maintenance.

It will be up to the Hospital Manager to choose which data and information’sto upload on the internet portal.

New Smart Hospitals

In the previous paragraph, is described technologies of last generation that fit into existing hospital buildings. The design of the new Hospital 4.0 must take into account new paradigms and new models that exceed traditional hospital models. Conventional typological schemes such as hospitals with vertical, horizontal, monobloc, campus etc. are now exhausted models of Hospital. The hospital, first conceived as a closed system, will tend to open up to the city until reaching the patient’s home, to be permeable, dematerialized and more and more inte-grated with highly complex technologies. The hospital changes because the approach to the disease is changing. Starting from the reactive approach to the disease, we move on to the prevention-based approach, on the medicine based on the predictive genome, on personalized medicine etc.These new methods proposed for the provision of health services require the study of architectural layouts of the hospital building as flexible as possible and able to adapt to the evolution of the technology itself.

The Smart Hospital is the place where only those patients who need high-intensity care will be called because the local network will be structured in such a way as to guarantee the services of ordinary care in a path of continuous dialogue between local social and health centers and the patient’s home. Through the use of sensors, medical devices, complex devices for diag-nostics and the most sophisticated equipment for the operating room, Hospital 4.0 is seen as a place designed to accommodate not only people but also many robots that will perform various functions, from operating room, distribution of drugs, meals, transport of goods.

Through the use of various electro-medical devices, able to connect to the network by sending parameters that can feed in real time the wealth of clinical information of each patient, the Smart Hospital can also be defined as a “hub”, a place of convergence and subsequent redis-tribution of a whole series of information that can be used by general practitioners, operators in the districts and caregivers in the private houses, with the aim to manage the care plan dedicated to each patient.

A good example of a new Smart Hospital aimed to establish this “hub” system is the New Kar-olinska in Solna, Stockholm in Sweden, a new university hospital whose construction started in 2010 was recently completed (December 2017). The Hospital covers 320,000 square meters and it has 8,000 rooms and 35 operating theatres.

The information and communication technology (ICT) of this hospital presents a high standard in terms of infrastructure, systems, applications and equipment. ICT Procurement Projects covered ICT infrastructure, AV Solutions and Equipment, Patient Notification System and Mes-saging Service System.

An interesting example of the use of robotics in the New Karolinska Hospital is represented by the JIT cabinets, robots that take care of the distribution of the sanitary material.

The system is based on the “just-in-time” principle and aims to facilitate ground service for healthcare staff. In the JIT cabinets, there is all the equipment and materials that are needed. The staff can find them easily in several places on every floor close to the main corridors,

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ing to answer easily to the users’ need in the hospital. Virtually all transport takes place using these robot trucks, automated guided vehicles (AGV), which have their own lifts and will carry out around 1,600 transports per day.

The entire New Karolinska in Solna, Stockholm is interconnected with a pneumatic dispatch system that is a total of seven kilometers long. The new pneumatic tube system that have seen the collaboration between architects, researchers and technicians, has a much more modern design than the old pneumatic tube systems. This system smooths the logistics in order to send medication and blood samples between different units. The material, with the exception of biological materials and flammable substance, can be sent and move with a speed of more than 20 km/h.

Together with the remote - controlled AGVs, the pneumatic tube system helps to minimize the storage at the care units. The carrier that holds the materials has a component in it that lets the system know where it should go, a so-called RFID tag. This is the same technical component that is used, for example, to tag wild animals and track them, and it is used in the hospital AGV robots.

Caring, Privacy and Safety are defined as the most important requirements for IoT in Health-care applications (Laplante, Kassab, Voas). The fact that “caring” was identified as an important quality in IoT for healthcare reinforces the belief that, in planning IoT healthcare applications, there is a strong need for domain expertise and deep inter-professional collaboration (in this case nurses and engineers). Both nurses and engineers will have to assist with technological insights, feasibility of use and application and understanding of IoT for the benefit of patients, families and providers. In addition, the challenge of the future of Internet of Things is precisely the resolution of the difficulties of communication between such different fields, for example between clinical engineering and computer science or better between hospital construction and clinical engineering.

references

Atzori, Luigi; Iera, Antonio; Morabito, Giacomo. 2010. “The Internet of Things a survey.” InComputer Net-works, no. 54: 2787-2805.

Barsaum,Peter;Berg,Paul; Hagman, Andreas; Scandurra, Isabella. 2016. “Internet of Things Technology for Remote healthcare – A pilot study.” Proceedings of the 14th _{Scandinavian Conference on health}

Infor-matics, Göthenburg, Sweden.

Fuhrer, Patrik; Guinard, Dominique. 2018. “Building a Smart Hospital using RFID technologies.” In GI - Gesellschaft fur Informatik e.V. Accessed February 15, 2018 http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/papers/dgui-nard_06_smartHospital.pdf

Gu, JingJing; Chen, SongCan; Zhuang, YI. 2010.“Wireless sensor network-based topology structures for the internet ofthings localization.” InChinese Journal of Computersno 33: 1548-1555.

Holzinger, Andreas and Röcker, Carsten and Ziefle, Martina. 2015. “From Smart Health to Smart Hospi-tals.” In Smart Health: State-of-the-Art and Beyond, edited by Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin.

Laplante, Philipp; Kassab, Mohammad; Laplante, Nancy; Voas, Jeffrey. 2017. “Building Caring Healthcare Systems in the Internet of Things.” In IEEE System Journal, no. 10, edited by IEEE

Lei Yu, Yang Lu, XiaoJuan Zhu.2012. “Smart Hospital based on Internet of Things.” InJournal of Networks, Academy Publisher no. 10.