• Non ci sono risultati.

L'Ambleto di Testori, ovvero Ruzante a Lomazzo. Schede storiche e linguistiche

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "L'Ambleto di Testori, ovvero Ruzante a Lomazzo. Schede storiche e linguistiche"

Copied!
16
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

DOI 10.14277/1724-188X/QV-6-1-17-10

Submission 2017-09-07 | Acceptance 2017-10-09

© 2017 | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License 169

Vol. 6 – Num. 1 – Giugno 2017

L’Ambleto di Testori, ovvero Ruzante a Lomazzo

Schede storiche e linguistiche

Luca D’Onghia

(Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italia)

Abstract This paper focuses on linguistic and literary intersections between Testori’s Ambleto

(1972) and Ruzante’s theatre, with particular attention to the comedy named Moschetta. Moschetta had been recited by Franco Parenti and Testori – as he himself testifies – was crucially influenced by this staging, and especially by the language Parenti used in order to recreate Ruzante’s dialect. This paper tries to document the importance of that experience with respect to the Ambleto and to its contaminated and extremist language, pointing out some specific features that Testori might have taken from Moschetta.

Sommario 1 «Una sera lo vidi». – 2 La macaronea di Testori. – 3 L’ombra di Ruzante.

Keywords Modern theatre. Italian language. Italian dialects. Giovanni Testori. Franco Parenti. Ruzante.

1 «Una sera lo vidi»

RS(%*6"7%*#)*18+8*jF7%(3)*2%7"('8k*8(*'"%'7)*9"('7"*7"38'%1%*J#)-0,.7%+#* +"#*X&=%('"?*"*6&;8')*3%A88*35"*%1"1%*>&%#3)6%*8(*A8OH*g7%?*%*9"*3%A8'%* 6"9A7"?*>&%(+)*&(*%'')7"*98*3)(>&86'%?*&(%*3)6%*6'7%(%M*()(*6"(')*A8O* #"*A%7)#"*35"*+83"?*9%*3)98(38)*%*6"('87("*%#'7"*P*"6%''%9"('"*>&"##"*35"* 1)77"8*35"*+83"66"H*U%('8*98"8*'"6'8*A"7*8#*'"%'7)*(%63)()*3)6b?*8(*9"H*<)6b* %33%++"*9"('7"*4&%7+%1)*2%7"('8*7"38'%7"*8#*X&=%('"H*\8*+83"1)M*vV"*6&"* A%7)#"*'0'),0'0)I"%//%)/W?*6)()*%#'7"$H*l*+8*3)#A)*3)98(38%8*%*1"+"7#)*A%7#%I 7"*8(*&(%*#8(4&%*35"?*A)8?*6%7";;"*+81"('%'%*>&"##%*+"##$H-5/%+0H*2789%*+8* &6387"?*%(+%8*+%*#&8*"*4#8*+8668M*vF7%(3)?*%+"66)*6)*35"*3)6%*+"1)*63781"7"* A"7*'"$TH1*l*%(3)7%M*RV%*'78#)48%*D*(%'%*>&%(+)*+&"*A"76)("*#"4%'"*+%*%98I 38=8%*P*U"6')78*"*Q(+7K"*jX&'5*:5%99%5k*P*6)()*%(+%'8*%*1"+"7"*F7%(3)* j2%7"('8k*jHHHk*35"*7"38'%1%*J#)-0,.7%+#*+"#*X&==%('"*"*8#*7"38'%#*6&*<%7#)* é*:)()*47%')*%*:8#18%*<)#)9;)*"*%*]%18+"*W"74%*CQ735818)*6')783)*+"#*2833)#)*U"%'7)*+8*\8I #%()G?*35"*98*5%(()*%8&'%')*%*'7)1%7"*8(B)79%=8)(8*6&##"*7"A#835"*98#%("68*+"##%*V0,.7%++#* +8*]"*[)68)*("##%*6'%48)("*.@/.I.@/,*C1"+8*>&8*ë*,GH*X8(47%=8)*+8*3&)7"*%(35"*E8%3)9)*\8I 35"#"''8*"*28"79%78)*W"63)1)?*35"*98*5%(()*+%')*%#3&(8*A7"=8)68*6&44"789"('8*"*98*5%(()* 9"66)*%*+86A)68=8)("*#)7)*#%1)78*8(*3)76)*+8*6'%9A%H

(2)

2)7'%H*0#*#8(4&%448)*+"##%*'78#)48%*D*(%')*+%*&(*89A%6')*A%+%()*'7%*>&"6')* 98#%("6"*"+*&(*1"("')*8(1"('%')T*C:5%99%5*.@@e?*..`GH :)()*%BB"79%=8)(8*A8&'')6')*()'"?*9%*P*98*6"9;7%*P*9%8*9"66"*+%11"7)* %*B7&'')*A"7*#$"6%9"*7%11838(%')*+"##$H-5/%+0?*A789)*'"6')*+"##%*?&(/0<(#) $%</()F.#&0QQ#'+(?*6'"6)*'7%*#%*A789%1"7%*"*#$"6'%'"*+"#*.@/,?*A&;;#83%')* +%*X8==)#8*("##$%&'&(()*+"#*.@/,*"*%(+%')*8(*63"(%*8#*.e*4"((%8)*.@/a*%#* :%#)("*28"7*V)9;%7+)*+8*\8#%()?*3)(*#%*7"48%*+8*Q(+7K"*X&'5*:5%99%5* "*#%*1)3"*R#818+%*"*635"448%'%T*+8*F7%(3)*2%7"('8*("##"*1"6'8*+8*Q9;#"')H2

2 La macaronea di Testori

g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e^G*"*#%*6&%*8(686'"(=%*3873%*#%*(%'&7%* 8778B#"66%*+"##"*A7)A78"*63"#'"*"6A7"6681"*CA"7*"6"9A8)*U"6')78*.@/a?*e-G?* +$%#'7)*3%(')?*()(*+)17%(()*B%7*+89"('83%7"*35"*#%*#8(4&%*+"##$H-5/%+0*P*"* 1 ])(8("##8*.@@`?*e,Ia*CA)8*%(35"*8(*2%(="78*,--^?*._a.I,GJ*1"+8*%(35"*])(8("##8*.@@`?*/.M* R]8*2%7"('8*"*+"##$H-5/%+0*68*D*48L*A%7#%')M*B&*%6686'"(+)*%*&(%*3)99"+8%*+"#*X&=%('"*3)(* 2%7"('8*35"*3)98(38%8*%*6"('87"*35"*>&"##%*7);%*#b*68*%48'%1%*+"('7)*+8*9"TH 2 V%*38'%=8)("*18"("*+%*X%;)(8*,--a?*.`aJ*A"7*#"*183"(+"*+"##$H-5/%+0*1"+8*U%BB)(*.@@/?*.-`I @J*2%(="78*,--a?*.`-J*U%BB)(*,-..?*e,IaH*]%#*'"6')*+8*:5%f"6A"%7"?*A7)B)(+%9"('"*%9987%')* C])(8("##8*.@@`?*`@I_.G?*U"6')78*783%1N*("#*.@/-*&(*'7%''%9"(')*B8#983)*C2%(="78*,--,G?*"*("#* .@^a*&(%*6"3)(+%*786378''&7%*'"%'7%#"*+8*6%A)7"*+86')A83)y9%7'87)#)483)*C8#*O0,+CM#-/%+GH 3 Q4)6'8*j.@@ek*,--a?*a.*C9"('7"*6&##%*v8+")#)48%$*+"##$H-5/%+0*6)()*8##&98(%('8*#"*A%48("* +8*V%=="78(8*.@/aGH*:&##"*63"#'"*#8(4&86'835"*6%7L*+%*7%99"('%7"*%#9"()*>&%(')*%BB"79%')* +%*U"6')78*+&7%('"*&($8('"7186'%*6&#*V#.5%++0M*R#%*#8(4&%*8'%#8%(%?*3)6b*3)9"*3873)#%*)448* ("##%*18'%*>&)'8+8%(%*"*6&8*48)7(%#8*"*%##%*'"#"1868)("?*6&##%*78;%#'%*+8*&(*'"%'7)?*%*98)*A%7"7"?* ()(*6"71"*A8OT*CU"6')78*.@/`?*e/GH 4 2"7*)66"71%=8)(8*#8(4&86'835"*%(%#8'835"*1"+8*8(*A%7'83)#%7"*]$Q358##"*,-.,?*aeeI@J*V%=I ="78(8*.@/a?*e^I/-J*V%=="78(8*.@/_?*@,*C6&#*V#.5%++0GJ*X8(%#+8*.@^-?*,,?*,^*"*aa*C%#'7"*3)(I 68+"7%=8)(8*8(*<%63"''%*.@^a?*.--I.*"*.e/I/-J*+"*\%''"86*,--_?*,.,I.aJ*X898(8*,--/?*_`I/J* W"63)1)*8(*3)76)*+8*6'%9A%GH*S'8#"*%(35"*#%*A%()7%983%*+8*U%BB)(*.@@/?*,.,I,/*C78"+8'%*3)(* A)35"*9)+8B835"*8(*U%BB)(*,-..?*..@Ia`G?*35"*3)9A7"(+"*8(*358&6&7%*&(%*7%33)#'%*+8*;7%(8* "9;#"9%'838J*A"7*#$8'%#8%()*7"48)(%#"*63"(83)*+8*U"6')78?*3)(*A%7'83)#%7"*784&%7+)*%*J#)V#&(#) S&#,.#?*1"+8*8(1"3"*]$Q358##"*,-.,?*a,_I_-*1#,,(-H

(3)

+8*>&%(')*4#8*'8"(*+8"'7)*B8()*%##$"s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aG*P*>&%#8B83%()*8#*9%3%7)(83)*A7)A78%9"('"*+"'I ')H*:8*+L*8(*A%7'83)#%7"*8#*3%6)*+8*A%7)#"*)''"(&'"*9"+8%('"*#%*3)9;8(%=8)("* +8*&(*#"66"9%*+8%#"''%#"*C>&%68*6"9A7"*#)9;%7+)G*"*+8*&(*9)7B"9%*8'%#8%()H* 0#*B%'')*786358%*+8*6B&4487"*%#*#"'')7"?*#%*3&8*%''"(=8)("*D*3%#%98'%'%*+%*9)#'8* %#'78*"#"9"('8*A8O*186')68J*"AA&7"*("##%*6)#%*63"(%*A789%*68*8(3)('7%()?*8(* )7+8("*+8*%AA%78=8)("?*()(*9"()*+8*'7"('%*B)79"*+8*'%#*4"("7"M ,1#..7%'0?*'W<0&%*v(&1)#"$*C'"7G?*('.(0,+&#+%?*>"$%,,%*vB)66"$*C>&%'"7G?* =#&$#&%?*8,.0/+#&%?*=#&$#+0?*8$%,,0?*=%,+(,,(+(*C;86G?*,1%+#,.(#+0?*8&(=#+(* C;86G?*=#&$9+%/#?*10$0*vA)66)$?*50&/#+0*v3%+&')$*Ct*98#H*50&/9G?*&#-1%C 5 U%BB)(*.@@/?*,.eH*l33)*#$8('"7%*B7%6"M*RF)76"*D*&(%*9%(35"1)#"==%*+%*89A&'%798*>&"##%* +8*78(&(38%7"?*>&8?*%*+"##"*"6"9A#8B83%=8)(8*%(%#8'835"*+"#*#"6683)*'"6')78%()?*35"*D?*A)8?*#$%AI A%7%')*;%6"*+"#*6&)*)74%(869)*#8(4&86'83)I"6A7"6681)J*37"+)?*A"7N?*35"*9%8*3)9"*8(*>&"6')* 3%6)*#$%378;8%*()')98==%('"*()(*+89)6'78*A)8*35"*&(*%33%(89"(')*("37)B8#)*("8*784&%7+8* +"##$)74%(869)*6'"66)H*Q#*3)('7%78)*#%*18'%#8'L*+"#*#8(4&%448)*'"6')78%()*"684"*A8O*35"*9%8* &()*64&%7+)*"+*&(*%63)#')*v8(()3"('8$T*C#%*B7%6"*D*3%+&'%*8(*U%BB)(*,-..?*35"*78%66"9;#%* 3%A8')#8*+8*U%BB)(*.@@/*8(68"9"*%*(&)18*9%'"78%#8GH 6 \8*78B"7863)?*A"7*783)7+%7"*6)#)*&(*A%8)*+8*'8')#8?*%*2%33%4("##%*.@^`*"*%##%*7"3"('"*8(+%I 48("*6&*X&=%('"*"*F)*+8*2%33%4("##%*,-.aH*Q448&(4)*35"*A7"386"*8(B#&"(="*7&=%('8%("*6&* <"#%'8*'7%+&'')7"*+8*<K#8("*6)()*6'%'"*8(+818+&%'"*+%*\835"#"''8*C8(*3)76)*+8*6'%9A%GH 7 V%=="78(8*.@/a?*e^*C8#*9%3%7)(869)*+8*U"6')78*+863"(+"*+%##%*RA%#"6"*8(6&BB838"(=%*+8* "1"('&%#8*(")B)79%=8)(8*3)('"(&'"*8(*L9;8')*&(8#8(4&"*%*6%'&7%7"*&(%*+)9%(+%*"6A7"6681%* 35"*'%(')*'7%1%#8358*#%*9"+8%TGH*l*%(3)7%M*R#%*'7%6378=8)("*B)(83%*+87"''%*C+"#*'8A)*'%<7%&G*D* A"7N*%66%8*7%7%?*A"735K*U"6')78*A7"+8#84"*+8*47%(*#&(4%*8#*A7)3"+89"(')*+"#*3%#3)*"*+"##$8(I 3#&68)("*+"#*+%')*+8%#"''%#"*8(*B)79"*8'%#)I;%7;%7835"T*CV%=="78(8*.@/a?*e@GH*E#8*"#"9"('8* 8('"47%#9"('"*+8%#"''%#8*6)()*8(*"BB"''8*8(B7">&"('8M*6"4(%#)*'7%*8*A)358*.0'+?*#'.#?*.&#11#?* $0-9*C68*()'8*A)8*J0>%/(#*t*/8m>%/(#?*3)(*&6)*6"''"('78)(%#"*+"##$%7'83)#)*+"'"798(%'81)*+%1%('8* %*()9"*A7)A78)*"*6&33"6681%*3)(37"=8)("GH*28O*(&9"7)68*8*'7%''8*35"*+8A"(+)()*+%#*+8%#"'')* 9%*6)()*&6%'8*8(*B)79"*()(*+8%#"''%#8M*)#'7"*%+*%#3&(8*+8*>&"##8*"#"(3%'8*A8O*6)'')?*1"+8*>&%(')* 3"(68')*8(*]$Q358##"*,-.,?*aeeI^*C&(*6"'')7"*;86)4()6)*+8*%AA)68')*%AA7)B)(+89"(')?*"*35"* 7"6'"7L*B&)78*+%*>&"6'8*%AA&('8?*D*>&"##)*+"##%*9)7B)#)48%*1"7;%#"GH

(4)

<#'$0,(?*5#,%//(*v47%+8(8$*C'"7G?*<0++#+%*v6A7&==%'"$*Ct*98#H*<0++#G?*<0++0'(* v#%3789)(8$*Ct*98#H*<0++Ç'G?*=9&$#/(?*+&0'#+#*v7)9;)*+8*'&)()$*Ct*98#H* +&0'9G?*10$(*vA&)8$?*/"-#<0++(*Ct*98#H*/"-#<g++G?*10$%*vA&N$?*,.#&/(<#&%* v6381)#%7"$*Ct*98#H*,.#&/(<9G?*.(#11('(*v+8%1)#8$*Ct*98#H*.(#1('J*.7(#1('(*v+"I 9)(n$*48L*8(*F)#"(4)*S#/$",*ZZ0*`a_G?*,.(#&W+0*v358%78')$*Ct*98#H*,8.(#&WG?* 1%,,%<9+%*v6;784%'"18$*Ct*98#H*1%,,%<9G?*.(#11#&4-0?*10$%'0?*1#-1"&Q('(* v383#%98(8$*Ct*98#H*1#-10&QW'GH*r&8*%(+7%(()*%(35"*/%)1#&"&%*"*5&0$%&(#* v783%98$*C#"66"98*B7%(3"68*"*9)7B"98*8'%#8%(8J*6";;"("*6&#*6"3)(+)*A)66%* %#"448%7"*%(35"*8#*98#H*5g&$)vB7%(48%?*#86'%?*783%9)$G?*)#'7"*35"*('Q(1(-%'C +0*C#"66"9%*v#%'8()$*"*9)7B"9%*8'%#8%()GH8 :"*8#*9%3%7)(83)*A&N*6"7187"*%+*%A787"*8#*+863)76)?*()(*;%6'%*3"7')*%*358&I +"7#)M*3$D*9)#')*%#'7)*"*)33)77"7L*+%7("*7%48)("?*6"AA&7"*8(*9%(8"7%*68(I '"'83%*"*A&('%(+)*6&*A)358*"#"9"('8*3%7%''"78==%('8H*V%*18)#"(=%*"6A7"6I 68)(86'83%*+8*U"6')78*6&#*A7)A78)*9"==)*68*"6A#83%*8(*&(%*7);&6'%*6"78"*+8* A"7'&7;%=8)(8*+"##"*B)79"*6'%(+%7+*P*#$8'%#8%()*7"6'%*A&7*6"9A7"*#%*6&%* v#8(4&%*'"'')$*P*)''"(&'"*%''7%1"76)*#%*3)('%98(%=8)("*'7%*#8(4&%*"*+8%#"'')* 98#%("6"I;78%(=)#)?*)*%(3)7%*9"+8%('"*B)7=%'&7"*35"*')33%()*6)A7%''&'')* #%*9)7B)#)48%*()98(%#"M .H* 1)3%#869)*%')()*+8*9%73%*6A"66)*6"''"('78)(%#"M*('<&#=%$#+%*..`/?* =0-%+0*..`/?*$%)I"(*..`/?*$%)/9*..`/?*$%)'%=#)%)$%)5&('#*..`/?*-%) 1#&%*..`^?*.0'>(++"&#*..`^*C6&#*B7%(3"6"zG?*/(=%$0*..`^?*.#$9=#&0* ..`^?*=0-%+#+0*..`^?*%/)+&%'0*..`@?*"/+%-0*..`@?*+0$%,.#*.._-?* >#55&%.#*.._-?*../`?*&%>%&(,.0*.._-?*$%=%'+#&%*.._-?*$%&(++0*.._-?* ,+&%-%'Q(+0*.._.?*1#&>"-0*.._.*C6&#*B7%(3"6"zG?*,+&%-%'Q(+0*.._.?* ,+"1%$0*.._.?*=%$#&%+%*.._a?*10/(+%<#/%*.._a?*,%&('<#*.._`?*1&#C +#&(#*.._`?*-#&<#&(+%*.._`?*#-#&#(*.._`?*>#+($%<0*..__?*>#55&%.#* .._/?*/%<(++%-#*.._@?*,%<(//0*..e-?*10/(+%<#*../-?*&%10,#&%*../a?* ,%<'(>%<#*../a?*,0>>%<#&%*../`?*$%,,%+#&%*../`?*%'+%&&0<#+0&(0* ../`?*/".%$%+9*../`?*"/+%-0*..^`?*5%,0<'0*..^_?*$%,1%&#+#*.,-a?* &0=%'#+0*.,-a?*(',#'<"%'#+%*.,-e?*"33H ,H* %(%A'8668*1)3%#83%M*9/+%&0*..`/?*.._-?*.._.?*.._,?*.,-a*C3)(*9/+%C &0+#'+0*v%#'7"''%(')$*.,-@G?*&0$0$%'$0&0*..`^?*9/+%&#*..`@?*.,-/?* ,01%&9'0*v6)A7%()$*.._-?*%'+%&#=0*.._.?*,+#&#QQ(0*.._.?*-0,+%&#&+(* .._,?*9/+%&(*.._/?*'"+%&(,.0'0*..e-?*,0=%&9'#*..^_*C"*>&8*%(35"*4#8* %33"('&%#9"('"*%()9%#8*&%+%&g/#<0*v7"'7)#%4)$*.._/*"*%'+%&g+%&&#* v"('7)'"77%$*.._/G?*"33H 8 :%#1)*+81"76%*8(+83%=8)("?*'7%77N*'&''8*4#8*"6"9A8*35"*6"4&)()*+%*&(%*6"78"*+8*A%668* 684(8B83%'818*C2%(="78*,--^?*..`/I_/?*.._@Ie-?*..e/I/-?*../aI`?*..^`I_?*.,-a?*.,-eI@?*.,,eI ^GH*S()*6A)4#8)*8('"47%#"*78358"+"7";;"*9)#')*6A%=8)*"*7"6'%*+%*B%7"M*68*1"+%*8(*'%#*6"(6)* #$%&6A838)*+8*]$Q358##"*,-.,?*aeeH*:8*1"+%()*A)8*%(35"*#"*1)38*B7%(3"68*3)(*9)7B"9%*78B%'')* 6&##$8'%#8%()*&(%''0*..e^?*..e@?*5"+(..7%*../`?)&%>&%''0*.,-aH

(5)

aH* %B"7"68*C]$Q358##"*,-.,?*ae/GM*8-%*v3)9"$*..`^?*8,.0/+#&%*..`^?*8$%,C ,0*..`^?*..`@?*.._`?*8'"'Q(0*v%((&(38)$*..`^?*8/0&#*v%##)7%$*..`^?* ..__?*.0-1#<'#&%*..`^?*8,.0/+(*..`@?*8&(=#+(*..`@?*81%//#*v%AA"#I #%$*.._-?*8&(=#*v%7781%$*.._-?*8.#$(-%'+(*v%33%+89"('8$*.._-?*.,-@?* .,,/?*8.#$%*v%33%+"$*.._-?*8$0/0&#+#*.._.?*85(+(#-0*.._,?*8+0-(QC Q#'0*.._,?*8=#'Q#&'%*.._`?*8/%++&(.(,+(*..__?*8=%&+#*v%A"7'%$*..__?* 85%$(,.0* ..__?* 8101/%,,(#* .._e?* 8I"(/(5&(0* ..e-?* 8."1#&-(* ../`?* 8>%QQ(0'%*.,-a?*8'#&.7(#*.,-a?*8,#,,('(*.,-/?*81%//#'0*.,-@?*8<"QQ(* v%4&==8$*C1"7;)G*.,-@?*85%/W.0*v)9;"#83)$*.,-@?*8.011(#-%'+(*.,-@?* 8'#&.7(%<<(#'+%*.,-@?*8/%++&(QQ(+9*.,.-?*81%//#+(*v358%9%'8$*.,,/?*"33H `H* 7)'%38==%=8)("*+8*/*C"6'"6%*)#'7"*#"*3)(+8=8)(8*+"#*3)68++"'')*7)'%I 3869)*%9;7)68%()?*A"7*3&8*3BH*<)#)9;)*,-.e?*.`eGM*=0&%,,%*..`^?* =0&+#*.._.?*.,-@?*.,,^?*#'<(0&%++0*.._.?*#&-%'0*.._`?*..^_?*#&Q9+%* ..__?*=0&+#'0*..__?*I"#&.7%$"'0*..__?*>('#&-%'+%*..e-?*..^_*C"* ('>('#&-%'+%*.,-@G?*>"&-('#,,%*..e-?*=0&+%*..e^?*#&Q#*.,-a?*=0&%,C ,(*.,-a?*=0&%=0*.,-a?*.9&-%+(*.,-e?*#&Q#'0*.,-e?*10&-0'(*.,-@?* =0&+#&+(*.,-@?*=0&1%*.,,^?*#'<(0&0*.,,^H _H* 89A8"4)*"6'"(681)*+8*Q*CV%=="78(8*.@/a?*/-J*]$Q358##"*,-.,?*aeeGM*8(* B)79"*("##"*>&%#8*#%*Q*A)'7";;"*"66"7"*8#*3)7786A"''81)*4"("783%9"(I '"*6"''"('78)(%#"*+"##$%BB783%'%*A7"A%#%'%#"*CQ('<7(#/(*..`/?*('Q(1(+* ..`/?*/9&%QQ(*..`^?*.0-#QQ('0*..`^?*/#+&0QQ('#+0*..`^?*#QQ($%'+(* ..`@?*('Q(1(-%'+(*..`@?*Q(-#*.._.*"33HJ*"*A"7*"6'"(68)("*8(*Q%&%<7(* ..`^*"*Q%&%<7%++(*..`^GJ*8(*B)79"*8(*3&8*6)AA8%('%*#%*68;8#%('"*)*()(* 5%*3)7786A"''818*6'%;8#9"('"*8(+818+&%;8#8*CR/Q('0&%*..`/?*..`@?*"&5(Q* ..`/?*.._/?*"'(=%&Q0*..`/?*(-1%&Q('0*..`^?*('Q('0*..`^?*Q">>(.%'Q#* ..`@?*Q(>0/#-%'+(*..`@?*Q0/%*..`@?*Q"5&%++#*.._-?*Q"*.._-?*('Q0/#C -%'+%*.._-?*('Q0--#*.._-?*1%&Q0*.._-?*5"QQ0/#*.._-?*Q(QQ(<'0&(* .._`*"33HJ*Q%++&#+%*v63"''7%'"$*.._-*"*Q%++&0*.._.GH*Q*A%7'"*1%(()*8* 3%68*+8*QQ*)7')47%B83%9"('"*%;()79"M*$%'+(QQ(0'%*..`^?*.&%,(-#QC

Q(0'%* ..`@?* 1&%,%'+#QQ(0'%* ..`@?* 1&%.(,#QQ(0'%* .._-?* ,+#&#QQ(0*

v6'7%=8)$*.._.?*$0-('#QQ(0'(*.._,?*/#-%'+#QQ(0'(*.._`?*/(-(+#QQ(0'%* .._@?*&%.(+#QQ(0'%*..e-?*$(,<&#QQ(#+#*.,-^?*<(",+(QQ(#*.,-@?*"33H eH* 3)(6)(%('869)*6"''"('78)(%#"*C98*#898')*%*6"4(%#%7"*>&8*B)79"*3)(* 68;8#%('"*P*8(*#&)4)*+"##%*B783%'81%*A%#%'%#"*("8*3)7786A"''818*8'%#8%(8*P?* B)79"*6)()78==%'"*"*%668;8#%'"?*"*1"+8*%(35"*]$Q358##"*,-.,?*aeeGM* /#,,#+%/#*..`/?*-#&-%/#$#*..`^?*#-#$(,,(-#*..`^?*>('($#)%)>('($(,C ,(-#*..`@?*,%,,1(&&(#'#*.._-?*.#1(,,(*.._.?*/#,,#-(*.._.?*>%'($0* .._.?*5&#QQ%*.._a?*10/(+%<#/%*.._a?*>#QQ#$#*.._a?*.#=&%*..__?*>0&C -(<7%*..__?*1%<0&%*..__?*.._/?*8=%&+#*v%A"7'%$*..__?*'%=0$%*.._@?* .,-@?*=%,,(<#*.._@?*1(,,#*.._@?*.#$%'#*..e-?*10/(+%<#*../-?*,0>>%C <#&%*../`?*,#=%&/0*..^`?*>#+(<#+0*.,-a?*,%<0'$#*.,-/?*.#-(0'#$#* .,-/?*$($#*.,-^?*>#$(<#*.,-@?*,#+#'%<#*.,-@?*=($#*.,,e?*'%=(.#$#* .,,^?*"33H

(6)

/H* B7">&"('"*A7"B866%=8)("*8(*(I*)*('I*C]$Q358##"*,-.,?*ae^GM*(,."&0*..`/?* ('.0-%*..`/?*(,+%,,0*..`/?*(,.0/#'0*..`^?*(-1%&Q('0*..`^?*('Q('0* ..`^?*('.0,W*..`@?*.._a?*.._`?*..e^?*../`?*.,,^?*('$($%'+&0*..`@?* A'$W0*v]8)$*..`@?*('$0=%*.._.?*.._a?*('$(,"-#'(,,(-(*.._,?*(,10,0* .._,?*('+&#''%*.._,?*('.0-0*.._a?*('$#=#'+(*.._`?*('$($(%+&0*..__?* (-5#,+#*.._@?*(,+#5(/(+0*..e/?*(,+g*..e@?*(-1(á*../`?*(,1#$#*.,-^?* (',%+#+0*v%66"'%')$*.,-@?*A'<0/(#*vE)#8%$*.,-@?*('>('#&-%'+%*.,-@?* (,+%&-('#+0*.,-@?*(,+#+0*.,,eH ^H* 9"'%A#%698*"*3)(4&%4#8*%(%#)4838*C]$Q358##"*,-.,?*ae/GM*,#'<"0* ..`/?*..`@?*..^_?*.,-a?*.,-@I.,.-?*10&.7(*..`/?*('>%&'#*..`/?* '%=#*..`/?*.#&'#*..`^?*..^`?*.,-@?*.,,/?*,#'<"#*..`^?*.._,?*#,,#* ..`^?*.,,e?*.#$9=#&0*..`^?*.._@*C6"(=$%33"(')G?*..e^?*.,-@?*('C </%,0*.._-?*<&#'$0*.._.?*-0&+#*.._,?*=%'+&0*.._,?*..e-?*10/=#&#* .._,?*0&$%'0*..__?*'(%'+0*.._@?*../`?*..^`?*..^_*C'(%'+0)+0+#/0)%) "'(=%&Q#/0G?*.,,e?*O#&(<(0*../`?*1(&#-($#*..^_?*.,,e?*.,,^?*0&$%'0* ..^_?*#"+0&0*.,-/?*.,-@?*,#'<"('#'+#)%)0&&(5(/#).0/1#*.,-^?*1%,+#* .,-@?*<&#'$#*.,,e?*>#.(/0*.,,e?*=%'$(.#+0&0*.,,^H @H* 6&BB8668*()98(%#8*&6%'8*3)(*R8#*A7)A)68')*+8*%##)('%(%768*8#*A8O*A)668;8I #"*+%##"*3)7786A)(+"('8*A%7)#"*8'%#8%("T*C]$Q358##"*,-.,?*ae^J*A7"1%#I 4)()*I-%'+0*"*IQ(0'%GM*=(0/#-%*..`^?*,%<&%+#-%'+0*..`^?*>%&&#-%* ..`^?*1&0.%,,(0'#-%'+(*..`@?*.#,+%//#&(%*..`@?*.&%,(-#QQ(0'%*..`@?* ,I"(//#-%'+(*..`@?*('Q(1(-%'+0*..`@?*.0&0'#-%'+0*v8(3)7)(%=8)("$* .._-?*-#++#&(#*.._-?*$%.#/0<#-%'+(*.._,?*%$(++#-%'+(*.._,?*/%<C <(-%'+(*.._,?*/%<<(>%&#QQ(0'(*.._,?*.0'+&0//#-%'+(*.._,?*,1(#-%'+(* .._,?*1&0>0'$0&(*.._,?*1&0,1%&#QQ(0'%*.._a?*/"QQ0&%*.._a?*../-?* .0'Q%'+&#Q(0'%*.._a?*>(0'$#+"&#*.._a?*-%$#</(%&(#*.._`?*0'0&(>(C .#QQ(0'(*.._`?*1%'Q#-%'+(*.._`?*+&0'#-%'+(*..__?*,.0/#-%'+(*.._/?* .7(-(.#-%'+(*.._/?*.0/1#QQ(0'%*.._@?*+&0'#-%'+0*..e-?*()<0=%&C '#-%'+()%)()-('(,+%&#-%'+(*..e-?*/8('>#-%+9)%)/8#'+%.&(,+(+9*..e-?* -%'Q0<'%&(#*..e-?*&%.(+#QQ(0'%)$%)5#=#-%'+()%)$%)/%..#-%'+(*..e-?* ('+%&(+9*..e/?*-%&#=(</(#-%'+(*..e^?*..e@?*,#$(QQ(,-0*v6%+869)$* ..e^?*1/#<(#-%'+0*..e^?*.#,+%//#&(#*..e^?*../`?*$%'+#&(#*..e@?* -#..7('#-%'+0*../-?*,+#+"+#QQ(0'%*..^_?*</05#-%'+0)..^_?*0&&%'C $(+9*.,-e?*.&#1#-%'+0*.,-/?*(',"/+#QQ(0'(*.,-/?*10/-0'%&(#*.,-/?* >0//#&W#*.,-/?*.,-^?*.,-@?*#..",#QQ(0'(*.,-^?*.,-@?*=%'$(.#QQ(0'(* .,-@?*('."/#-%'+(*.,-@?*'%=#&(#*.,-@?*<(#QQ%&(#*.,-@?*,(-1#+(QQ#C Q(0'(*.,-@?*,1%+#,.(#-%'+0*.,,e?*,#'<"#&(%*.,,e?*"33H .-H* (&9"7)68*A%7'838A8*A7"6"('8*CA"7*#)*A8O*A)3)*%+)A"7%'8*("##$&6)*3)7I 7"('"?*>&%(+)*()(*783%1%'8*+%*6)6'%('818*)*7%+838*#"6683%#8J*'%#1)#'%*8(* 6"78"GM*1%',#&%)#//#)$(++#)%)#()$(++#'+(*..`^?*=%,.0=#'+(*..`^?*1%<0C &#'+(*..`@?*=#..#'+(*..`@?*.,,/?*/#=0&#'+(*.,,/?*1%'$0/#'+(*.,,/?* Q05(//#'+(*.._,?*Q('$#.#'+(*.._,?*1&0=#)1&0=#'+%*.._a?*-%&#=(</(#'C +(,,(-#)1&%,%'+#QQ(0'%*..__?*.#<'()$%)&%<'#'+()%)$%),0++0&%<'#'+(* .._e?*,%10/.&(),-#'$".#'+()%),5(#'.#'+(*..e-?*-0&+()<%'(+#'+()%)

(7)

<%'(+0&(*..^_?*<%'(+#'+%)<%'(+0&%*.,-@?*.0&+(/#'+(*.,,e?*.,,/?*.#C ,+%//#'+(*.,,eH <)9"*68*1"+"?*U"6')78*68*3)9A8%3"*+8*B7&4%7"*>&%68*B8683%9"('"*)4(8*A%7)#%M* 8('"718"("*6&*68(4)#8*6&)(8*CA&('8*`*"*_GJ*%448&(4"*1)3%#8*%("'89)#)4835"*"* 6&BB8668*%;"77%('8*CA&('8*,*"*@GJ*63)738%*&(%*9878%+"*+8*B)79"*CA&(')*aGH*:8* 5%*>&%68*#$89A7"668)("*35"*1)4#8%*B)748%768*P*A"==)*+)A)*A"==)*P*&(*1)3%;)I #%78)*%;()79"?*B%'')*+8*1)38*35"*6)984#8%()*%*3)7A8*9%#%'8*)*6B84&7%'8?*%BB#8''8* )7%*+%*B%6'8+8)6"*"637"63"(="*)7%*+%*+)#)7)6"*9&'8#%=8)(8*C98*A"79"'')*8#* #&66)*+8*9"'%B)7"*3)6b*6A8('"*%##%*#&3"*+"##"*+8358%7%=8)(8*7"6"*+%##$%&')7"* ("##)*6378'')*B%9)6)*6&#**%'+&%)$%/)+%#+&0?*'&'')*89A"7(8%')*6&##%*3%7(%#8'L* +"##%*A%7)#%M*U"6')78*.@e^GH*!"##$8+"%#"*.0'+('""-*35"*9&)1"*+%#*+8%#"'')* %##$8'%#8%()?*8*A&('8*"6'7"98*P*+8%#"'')*8('"47%#"?*8'%#8%()*6'%(+%7+*P*6)()* >&%68*6"9A7"*"18'%'8*%*B%1)7"*+8*&($%9A8%*6"78"*+8*B)79"*+8*3)9A7)9"66)?* +"#*'&'')*+81"76"*A"7N*+%*>&"##"*+"##$8'%#8%()*7"48)(%#"*35"*3)98(38%1%*%* "66"7"*6'&+8%')*+%##%*6)38)#8(4&86'83%*()6'7%(%*"*35"*"7%*48L*6'%')*6B7&''%')* +%8*(")7"%#86'8*C"*8(*B)(+)*+%##)*6'"66)*U"6')78*("#*6&)*987%;8#"*7%33)(')* +$"6)7+8)?*A/)$(0)$()B0,%&(0?*+"#*.@_`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aeeGM*"/+(-%)%+)%,+&%-%*..`/?*A'Q(1(+) H-5/%+()+&#<%$(#?)('Q(1(+)I"(*..`/?*V%$(0'#/%',(,)"&5(Q*..`/?*/0.#)/0.0&"-* ..`/?*F%&#)%,+H*H'Q(c*.&%1",.0/0&"-).&%1",."/#)$(/#<#'+@)E(/#<#'+*..`/?* ?0+",)%,+)'%<7%&*..`^?*O#19?)&%D?).#10?)$"D*..`@?*%..%,)70-0*..`@?*/#) =0/"'+#,)$%(*..`@?*(-1%&(#*..`@?*%D%&.W+"#)%+)-(,,(/(#*..`@?*1#+%&*..`@?* >(/(",)-%",)$%)-%*.._.?*('Q(1(+)+&%'",*.._.?*(')1#.%-)#%+%&'#-*.._,?*I"#C /(,*.._a?*=%&5"-)>#+($%<0*..__?*/8('>9&+",*.._e?*'0')#-5/%+(.",)H-5/%+0* .._/?*.&%#+0&).&%#+"&0&"-*.._/?*H-5/%+",*.._@?*$%)"')&%D?)$%)"')$"D?* +#/(,)%+)I"#/(,*.._@?*()=%/()$%()+%-1/#)+%-1/0&"-)|@@@})I"%//()$%()&%I"(%-)#%C +%&'#-*..e-?*(/)>/#+",)%)/8#/(+0*../`?*>(/(",*..^`?*..^_?*.,,/?*.,,^?*'(%'+",* ..^_?*(')+#/(,)-#'(%&#*..^_?*1#+%&)-%",)$%)-%c)-%",)%+)1%&),%-1&0*C"*0+* 9 09A)7'%('8*8(*'%#*6"(6)*%(35"*8*786&#'%'8*+"#*#%1)7)*+8*28%(3%*,-./*6&4#8*%1%('"6'8*+"##$H-C 5/%+0?*+%8*>&%#8*"9"74"*#%*'"(+"(=%*+8*U"6')78*%*"#898(%7"*>&%68*686'"9%'83%9"('"*'&''"*#"* B)79"*+8%#"''%#8*#)9;%7+"*v4"(&8("$H*2"7*#%*()=8)("*+8*8'%#8%()*7"48)(%#"*3BH*8(1"3"*]"*[#%68* ,-.`?*.aIe-J*>&%(')*%*A/)$(0)$()B0,%&(0?*35"*7863)66"*'7%*#$%#'7)*8#*3)(6"(6)*+8*<)('8(8*C1"+8* )#'7"*()'%*.aG?*1%*7%99"('%')*8#*A7"3)3"*6'&+8)*1%78%('86'83)*+8*[%#+"##8*C.@e_?*/eI@.GH

(8)

..`^?*8(37)38)*'7%*0*"*#"+*A"7*%#'7)*()(*A781)*+8*>&%#35"*%''"6'%=8)("*("##"* ,.&(1+#%*%('835"GH \"()*A7"6"('8*6)()*#)*6A%4()#)*)*9"4#8)*A6"&+)6A%4()#)*C.#,,#)4)%) .7(#=#+#)&%,+#)1%&)+0+0,)I"#'+0,)%)(')+0+0,)I"#'+0,)()/0.#)/0.0&"-*..`/?* #-(<0,*..`^?*.(#11#&%-0)/8#.I"#)+0+0,)I"#'+0,Ü*..__?*1%'$0/%'+0,).0-0)() +"0()<%&#'%0,J*1%'$0/%'+0,*.,-/?*=%<'(+%)I"()+0+0,)I"#'+0,*.,,e?*=870)I"() 81%//#+()+0+0,)I"#'+0,*.,,/G*"*#$8(4#"6"*C"'$%&<&#"'$).0-#QQW'0*..`^?*/%) -(%)<7%&/,)%)()-(%()50:,*.._.?*</#-"&*.._.?*8,+%)$%,#('%&,)$%)0<<(*.._`?* '0&Q%*v(&76"$*..e-?*,/(1*..e^?*,.7(#+0&(*v638%')78$*.,-@?*+%##$8(4#"6"*,^(GH* <$D*8(B8("*#%*#8(4&%*+"#*F7%(="6"*C3)('7)B84&7%*+8*g7%=8)?*89A"76)(%'%*+%#* 3)9A%4()*+8*18'%*+8*U"6')78?*8#*B7%(3"6"*Q#%8(*U)&;%6*35"*A"7*#$)33%68)("* %66&(6"*#)*A6"&+)(89)*+8*Q#%8(*<)7)'GM*68*'7%''%*A"7*#%745"*A%7'8*+8*&(* B7%(3"6"*'7%6378'')?*3)(*"68'8*6'7%(8%('8?*6"3)(+)*#"*()79"*)7')47%B835"* 8'%#8%("?*()(*6"(=%*35"*#$8'%#8%()*18*68*8(B8#'78*3)(*1%78*"#"9"('8*47%99%'8I 3%#8*CA"7*"6H*8#*A7)()9"*(0GM*=á)-%).0-1&%''Pk*..e^?*=á)$(+k*..e@?*(0)'%) 1#&/)19H*A0)/8%-@)R)/0&,.7%)(0)%-c)-#$#-c)(0),"W)>($4/*..e@?*1#&+á*..e@?* R)8+8(/)10,,(5/%k)!"9k*..e@?*>0&-#<%//#)('=%/%'#$#)%)(-1"#,0'#$#*..^_* C3)(*9)7B"9%*+8%#"''%#"G?*H)-%c)="#&/#)('.0,Wc)-%)=(%')$%)1/0&#&%@@@)O"&I"9) #&(#-0)$#)%,,%&%)('.0,W)-#/%&0,(k)O"&I"9c)H-5/%+0k)O"&I"9*.,-a?*"33H10 !"66&()*+8*>&"6'8*6'7%'8*#8(4&86'838*D*)7(%9"('%#"*)*47%'&8')M11*8#*#%'8()?* A&7*63%66%')?*3)6A87%*%*'"("7*181%*#%*A"73"=8)("*+"##$%('8358'L*"*+"##%*6%I 37%#8'L*+"##%*'7%4"+8%*CD*&(*#%'8()*8(*;&)(%*A%7'"*"33#"68%6'83)M*1#+%&?*>(/(",?* =%&5"-?*1#.%-)#%+%&'#-?*A"7*()(*+87"*+"8*6&A"7#%'818*6"98'838*'8A)*/0.#) /0.0&"-G?*"*6)#)*8(*A)358*3%68*6"9;7%*+"'"("7"*3)#)78'&7%*6%73%6'83%*CO#19?* &%D?*.#10?*$"DGJ*#$8(4#"6"*78(18%*%(=8'&'')*%##$8A)'"6')*65%f"6A"%78%()?*9%* %(35"*6$8(3%783%*P*3)(*#%*6&%*6A)#1"7%'&7%*+8*$%,#('%&,?*,/(1*"*,.7(#+0&(*P*+8* 78358%9%7"*8#*'"9A)*A7"6"('"?*>&"##)*%''&%#"*("#*>&%#"*68*9&)1)()*4#8*,.#C &0QQ#'+(*3)(*#%*#)7)*63%#3%4(%'%*$(++#H*l*6"*#%*#8(4&%*+"#*F7%(="6"*()(*6%I 7";;"*A7);%;8#9"('"*>&"##%*35"*D*6"*()(*38*B)66"*6'%')*Q#%8(*U)&;%6*("##%* 18'%*+8*U"6')78?*%8*A)358*B7%99"('8*6A%4()#8*6A"''%*8#*3)9A8')*+8*%##&+"7"*%* &(%*+"##"*vA%'78"*'"9A)7%#8$*A7"+8#"''"*+"##$%&')7"M*#%*V)9;%7+8%*6A%4()#%* +8*<8(>&"I*"*:"83"(')?*>&"##%*+"8*A8'')78*+"##%*7"%#'L*"*+"8*A8'')78*+"##%*A"6'"?* 10 Q*A%7'"*1%*6"4(%#%')*#$8'%#8%()?*35"*1)77";;"*"66"7"*B)7;8')*"*()(*8(>&8(%')*+%#*#)9I ;%7+)?*3)(*8#*>&%#"*V)B"#8%*'"('%*+8*+%768*&(*')()*+%1%('8*%+*Q9;#"')M*Rl.ݱ3HUFK«VHOHL ()(*5%*(&##%*+%*78+b3"7"?*6%7"8*A7"6%*+%#*+"687"*+8*6"('%798J*9"*63&68J*9"*6)()*6;%4#8%'%J* +$%668+"798*%*B%1"##%7"*6"3)*#"8*+"*%9)7"H*g*%(3%*$A"(%*+"*%&63&#'%7"*"#*6&)*7"6A87)*("#* A)6%798*8(*%33%(')*%##%*6'89%'86689%*+8*#"8*A"76)(%HHH*h*a.ݱ0DFKHOHQJXDYDLQGLGLHWUR %*A%7#%7"z*h*l.ݱ6RQRDQGDWDDVLDFTXDUHLSDQQLLQGHOOއ$UQR_a.ݱ(VWRVLDFTXDPHQWR 3)6$Dz*h*l.ݱ8QYXFDEXODULRVSH]]LDOLVVLPRFKHPHVRQIDWWDSUHVWDUHLQGHOODELEEOLRWHJD +"#*\&(8==8A8)H*W)7"1)*B%79"*A8O*+"4(%*+"*#"8HHHT*C../aGH 11 !)(*9%(3%()*P*3)9$D*#"48''89)*P*A)68=8)(8*%(35"*B)7'"9"('"*78+&''81"*("8*3)(B7)('8* +"##%*#8(4&%*+"##$H-5/%+0M*<%AA"##)*C.@^a?*^_I@.G*78'8"("*A"7*"6"9A8)*35"*68*'7%''8*+8*&(*)7I 4%(869)*A)6'8338)*"+*"+)(86'83)?*8(3#8("*%##%*A%7)+8%*"*%#*47)''"63)?*"*8(3%A%3"*+8*+%7*1)3"* %*&(%*183"(+%*'7%483%*CA"7*#)*6'%'&')*+"##%*'7%4"+8%*8(*U"6')78*1"+8*<%63"''%*.@^a?*@`I..^GH

(9)

>&"##%*+8*6%(*<%7#)*"*+"4#8*&98#8*A7)'%4)(86'8*+"#*7)9%(=)*+8*\%(=)(8*C"* >&%#3)6%*%17L*B)76"*3)('%')*%(35"*8#*'7%1"6'89"(')*#%'8()%9"783%()*+"##%* ;0<'(Q(0'%*+8*E%++%GH12

3 L’ombra di Ruzante

])A)*>&"6'%*6)99%78%*3%9A8)(%'&7%*')7(8%9)*%*X&=%('"?*+%#*>&%#"*68%9)* A%7'8'8*"*%#*>&%#"*3)(1"77L*78%11838(%768H*Q(+7L*358%78')*'%(')*A"7*3)98(I 38%7"*>&%#"*68%*6'%'%*#%*9"66%*8(*63"(%*+"38681%*A"7*#%*4"("68*+"##$H-5/%+0* "*+"##%*6&%*#8(4&%M*U"6')78*C"*3)(*#&8*Q(+7K"*X&'5*:5%99%5G*68*78B"7863"* 6"(=%*+&;;8)*%##%*V0,.7%++#*A7)+)''%*+%#*2833)#)*U"%'7)*3)(*#%*7"48%*+8* E8%(B7%(3)*]"*[)68)?*%(+%'%*8(*63"(%*A"7*#%*A789%*1)#'%*8#*.a*)'');7"*.@/-* C[7&("''8?*\%8()*,--e?*.,`I@GJ13*9%*+%*&(*3"(()*+"#*.@/_*68*783%1%*35"*6)#)* A8O*'%7+8*U"6')78*5%*"BB"''81%9"('"*%6686'8')*%##)*6A"''%3)#)M*Rr&%(+)*5)* 186')*2%7"('8*7"38'%7"*J#)V0,.7%+#*6)'')*8#*'"(+)("*+"#*U"%'7)*r&%7'8"7"?* >&%#35"*%(()*B%?*5)*+"'')M*>&"6'%*1)#'%*38*68%9)H*!%'&7%#9"('"*A"7*9"?*()(* A"7*#&8H*l+*D*1"(&')*B&)78*>&"##)*35"*A)8*D*1"(&')*B&)78T*CU"6')78*.@/_?*_GH U"%'7)*r&%7'8"7"*D*8#*()9"*+8*&($8(8=8%'81%*3)(*#%*>&%#"*8#*2833)#)?*+87"'')* %##)7%*+%*2%)#)*E7%668?*A)7'N*%#3&(8*+"8*6&)8*6A"''%3)#8*P*%##"6'8'8*6)'')*&(* '"(+)("*8'8("7%('"*P*("8*>&%7'8"78*A"78B"7838*+8*\8#%()M*+)A)*8#*#%(38)*("#* .@e@I.@/-?*8#*A7)4"'')*78A7"6"*#"(%*("##%*6'%48)("*.@/.I.@/,?*A"7*"66"7"* A)8*%;;%(+)(%')*("#*48&4()*.@/,*C["(')4#8)*,-..?*.^_I@,GH*l*8(*"BB"''8*+&I 7%('"*#%*6'%48)("*.@/.I.@/,*8#*U"%'7)*r&%7'8"7"*";;"*8(*A7)47%99%*%(35"* 12 2"7*#%*()=8)("*+8*vA%'78%*'"9A)7%#"$*1"+8*W"63)1)*,--/?*_`IeaH*V$89A)7'%(=%*+"##%*'7%I +8=8)("*B84&7%'81%?*6)A7%''&'')*#)9;%7+%?*A"7*#$)A"7%*+8*U"6')78*D*&(*'"9%*35"*>&8*68*A&N* 6)#)*6B8)7%7"M*1"+8*U%BB)(*.@@/?*.@I_`*"*4#8*6378''8*7%33)#'8*8(*\%7%(8*.@@_*"*Q4)6'8*,-._*C("#* 6"3)(+)*3%6)*3)(*783358*%AA%7%'8*6')783)I378'838GH*r&%(')*%8*7%AA)7'8*3)(*E%++%?*+";8'8*A&(I '&%#8*+"##$H-5/%+0*3)(*R&0,)%)O&(#10*6)()*6"4(%#%'8*+%*V%=="78(8*.@/a?*e@I/-J*#$%74)9"(')* 9"78'%*&($8(+%48("*%*'%AA"')*3)(+)''%*()(*6)#)*6&##"*)A"7"*+8*U"6')78?*9%*%(35"*6&##"*6&"* +8358%7%=8)(8*C("##$8('"7186'%*8(*<%AA"##)*.@^a?*aI/*E%++%*D*#$&(83)*vA%+7"$*#"''"7%78)*783)I ()638&')?*9%*D*%33&6%')*+8*"66"7"*vA7"1"+8;8#"$G?*)#'7"*35"*6&##%*6')78%*+"##%*378'83%H*r&%(')* %*>&"6'$&#'89%?*783)7+)*35"*U"6')78*P*A&7*38'%')*("##"*&#'89"*A%48("*+"##$R0('7)+&=8)("*%##%* ;0<'(Q(0'%)$%/)$0/0&%T*+8*<)('8(8*Cj.@eak*.@/-?*e.@G*P*()(*6%7L*9%8*6'&+8%')*(K*+%*<)('8(8* (K*+%##%*6&%*63&)#%*C3)(*#$"33"=8)("*48L*783)7+%'%*+"8*#%1)78*+8*V%=="78(8*.@/a*"*.@/_GH*:)#)* &(%*1)#'%?*%*>&%(')*("*6)?*<)('8(8*5%*;7"1"9"('"*783)7+%')*#$H-5/%+0M*RV%*18)#"(=%*C'"9%I '83%9"('"*%''81%*%(35"*("#*6%+869)*+8*%#3&(8*1"768G*68*B%*#8(4&86'83%9"('"*8A"7;)#83%*("#* 7"3"('"*C.@/,G*78B%389"(')*+8*H-/%+0*CJ8H-5/%+0G?*+)1"*#$8'%#)I#)9;%7+)*D*6)#'%(')*#%*;%6"* +$&(%*#8(4&%*+$8(1"(=8)("T*C<)('8(8*.@/`?*`.e*(H*.GH*]%#*3%(')*6&)*U"6')78*5%*+%')*&(*48&+8I =8)*%#>&%(')*78+&''81)*+"#*<)('8(8*378'83)*("##"*3)(1"76%=8)(8*3)(*])(8("##8*C.@@`?*.-,M*RV%* B8#)#)48%*D*6'%'%*A"7*#&8*&(%*1"7%*9%(8%M*8(1"3"*+8*6"71876"("*3)9"*+8*&(*9"==)*)AA)7'&()?* 5%*B8(8')*6A"66)*A"7*4"''%7#%*6&##$)A"7%*3)9"*&(%*3)#'7"M*6"*#%*E(=('#);0--%$(#*D*6)#)*>&"##)* 35"*+83"*#&8?*6'8%9)*B7"6358TGH* 13 \%*6"3)(+)*["(')4#8)*,-..?*.@.*(H*,a*#%*A789%*786%#"*%#*.@*)'');7"*.@/-J*+"*\%''"86* ,--_?*,-@*(H*,e*+%'%*#$8(3)('7)*+8*U"6')78*3)(*#%*V0,.7%++#*7"38'%'%*+%*2%7"('8*%++878''&7%* %#*9%7=)*.@/-*C9%*()(*38'%*#%*B)('"*+%*3&8*'7%"*#$8(B)79%=8)("?*35"*D*"77%'%GH

(10)

#%*V0,.7%++#?*9"66%*8(*63"(%*%*<58"6%*X)66%IE7%')6)4#8)*A"7*>&%68*&(%* 6"''89%(%*%*3)98(38%7"*+%#*.^*%A78#"*.@/,H*V)*68*783%1%*+%*%#3&(8*A7"=8)68* 9%'"78%#8*3&6')+8'8*%##$Q735818)*6')783)*+"#*2833)#)*U"%'7)*+8*\8#%()J*"33)* &(*78'%4#8)*+%#*;0&&(%&%)$8('>0&-#Q(0'%*C./*%A78#"*.@/,GM*R8#*3%A)#%1)7)* 7&=%('8%()*C9"66)*8(*63"(%*+%*E8%(B7%(3)*]"*[)68)*"*8('"7A7"'%')*+%*F7%(I 3)*2%7"('8?*l++%*Q#;"7'8(8?*\899)*<7%84*"*W8748#8)*d"7(8'=G*68*'7%6B"7863"* 6)'')*8#*'"(+)("*+8*vU"%'7)*r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r&%7'8"7"H 2"7*3)9A#"'%7"*8#*>&%+7)*%(+7L*7%99"('%')*35"*48L*("#*.@e@*%#*2833)#)* "7%*%(+%'%*8(*63"(%*#%*S%+W#?*6"9A7"*3)(*#%*7"48%*+8*]"*[)68)*%6686'8')* A"7N*P*"+*D*&(*A%7'83)#%7"*8('"7"66%('"*P*+%*Q(+7K"*X&'5*:5%99%5?*35"* %17";;"*A)8*#%1)7%')*8(*A789%*A"76)(%*%##%*?&(/0<(#*C[7&("''8?*\%8()*,--e?* .._GJ*+8*#b*%*>&%#35"*%(()*6&##%*S%+W#*6%7";;"*')7(%')*2%7"('8*6'"66)?*("##"* 1"6'8*+8*7"486'%*"*%'')7"?*A)7'%(+)*%#*:%#)("*28"7*V)9;%7+)*&(%*78+&=8)("* +"##%*3)99"+8%*3)(B"=8)(%'%*8(*3)##%;)7%=8)("*3)(*V&+)183)*d)7=8*C[7&I ("''8?*\%8()*,--e?*./aI^GM*>&"6')*6A"''%3)#)*D*'"6'89)(8%')*+%*&(*)A&63)#)* 35"*3)('8"("*'7%*#$%#'7)*&(*;7"1"*'"6')*8('8')#%')*H/."'%)(-1&%,,(0'()$() U(#''()?%,+0&()&#..0/+%)#)"'#)1&0=#)$%//#)XS%+W#Z?*6&#*>&%#"*')7("7"9)H*Q##%* ;%6"*+8*>&"6'%*%9A8%*7863)66%*63"(83%*6'%1%*P*;86)4(%*A&7*783)7+%7#)*P*#%* 7863)66%*"+8')78%#"*A7)3&7%'%*+%##)*6'"66)*d)7=8*3)(*8#*v\8##"((8)$*"8(%&+8%I ()*+"#*.@e/M*&(*#%1)7)*%*'&''$)448*8(6&A"7%')?*35"*1"(81%*%*358&+"7"*&(%* 183"(+%*+8*A#&786"3)#%78*6B)7'&("*C#$&#'89%*"+8=8)("*8('"47%#"*+8*X&=%('"* %AA%76%*8(*0'%#8%*786%#81%*%*;"(*'7"3"(')38(>&%('%*%((8*A789%M*W83"(=%?* E8)748)*Q9%+8)?*.e./GH15 F8(*>&8*%#3&(8*+%'8*"6'"7(8H*o*#"48''89)*358"+"768*%*>&"6')*A&(')*6"*#$8(I B#&"(=%*+8*X&=%('"*+";;%*"66"7"*3)(68+"7%'%*4"("783%*)*6"*8(1"3"*A)66%* "66"7"*A8O*A7"386%9"('"*3873)637818;8#"H*W%(()*78358%9%'8?*8('%(')?*%#3&(8* "#"9"('8*35"*+)1"1%()*%1"7*3)#A8')*U"6')78M*#$8('"7"66"*+8*X&=%('"*A"7*4#8* &98#8*"*8*+86"7"+%'8J*8#*6&)*64&%7+)*+868(3%('%')*P*"*%*1)#'"*38(83)*"*A"768()* 14 l*1"+8*A&7"?*48L*A789%?*J8f'(+9*C..*%A78#"*.@/,G?*J#)G0++%*C.a*%A78#"*.@/,G*"*A/)U(0&'0* C.a*%A78#"*.@/,GH*0#*'"6')*7&=%('8%()*()(*D*8(1"3"*'7%*>&"##8*7%99"('%'8*8(*["(')4#8)*,-..?* .^@*C35"*()(*+L*&(*7"4"6')*3)9A#"')*+"4#8*6A"''%3)#8*"?*6"*1"+)*;"("?*3)A7"*8#*A"78)+)*B8()* %#*,^*9%7=)*.@/,GH*V%*V0,.7%++#*%1"1%*48L*B%'')*A%7'"*+"#*383#)*v+"3"('7%')$*8(%&4&7%')*("#* .@/-I.@/.*C+)A)*#%*A789%*%*\8#%()?*8#*'"6')*"7%*%(+%')*8(*63"(%*'7%*#$%#'7)*%*[&6')*Q768=8)?* <%('O?*:"6')*:%(*E8)1%((8?*2%18%?*<)7683)?*Q;;8%'"47%66)M*3BH*[7&("''8?*\%8()*,--e?*.,`*"* ["(')4#8)*,-..?*.@-I.GH 15 <BH*d)7=8*.@e/*C6&*d)7=8*D*+%*1"+"7"*#)*6'&+8)*9)()47%B83)*+8*\%==)(8*,-.`GH

(11)

'7%483)*P*6&4#8*"66"78*&9%(8?*6&8*#)7)*6"('89"('8*A8O*A7)B)(+8*"*6&8*#)7)* 7%AA)7'8*7"38A7)38J*#$89A8"4)*+8*&(%*#8(4&%*'"77%4(%*"*3)7A)6%H*U&'')*>&8z* 27);%;8#9"('"*()?*"*A"7*A7)1%7"*%+*%(+%7"*A8O*%*B)(+)*6%7L*8#*3%6)*+8*A%7I '87"*+%*&($%3&'%*)66"71%=8)("*+8*U%BB)(M*R3)9"*()(*A"(6%7"*35"*#$(+#/(#.#'0* A%7#%')*+%4#8*%'')78I63%77)==%('8*jHHHk*()(*%;;8%*3)9"*%('83)*A7)4"(8')7"* A7)A78)*>&"#*-0,.7%+0*35"*8#*3)('%+8()*+8*[")#3)*A%7#%*A"7*%11838(%768*%##%* #8(4&%*3)#'%?*6'7%186%(+)#%zT*CU%BB)(*,-..?*e,GH*\8*A%7"*&(*6&44"789"(')* A7"=8)6)M*1"+8%9)*%##)7%*3)9"*6&)(%()*#"*;%''&'"*-0,.7%++%*+8*X&=%('"* 8(*&(%*63"(%*P*#%*>&%7'%*+"##$%'')*6"3)(+)*P*35"*D*'7%*#"*37&38%#8*+"##%*3)9I 9"+8%*C%(=8'&'')*8(*7%48)("*+"##%*6'7%(%*#8(4&%*%+)A"7%'%*+%#*A7)'%4)(86'%* A"7*7"(+"768*87783)()638;8#"*"*9"''"7"*%##%*A7)1%*#%*B"+"#'L*+"##%*9)4#8"GM ruzanteݱ ,()&(=0/<%)#//#)>('%,+&#)$()S%+W#)%)+&"..#)/#)=0.%G*g5*#Lz*<58* 6'%()*>&%()*8(*>&"6'%*3%6%z betìaݱ&KLªTXHOOR" ruzanteݱ,RVRQRORLRPLFKHYROHQRIDYHOODUHFRQ9RVWUDVLJQRULDGH 1&H*["(*6'%4%()?*9"*3)4()638'8*#)*8)*98z betìaݱ6H'LªPއD°QRFKއDއQRYHFRJQRVVR ruzanteݱ6DSHWLSHUFK«LRPLYHSDUHQRFKHQRPHORFRJQRVVLWL"*XDUI +%'89"*;"("H betìaݱ$އQRJXDUGRXRPHQLFKއDއQRFRJQRVVDPL ruzanteݱ6DSLWLORSHUFK«QRPHFRJQRVVHWLORLRPL" betìaݱ6H'LªPއD°QRFKއDއQRއOVª ruzante 2"735K*()*1"*+"4(%()*+"*358*1"*1)#)()*;"("H betìaݱ(OPއªEHQGHYLVRGއDYHUYHYH]»DއPHGHJQHPLGއXQFDQQR 35"*+$&(*3786'8%(H ruzanteݱ2K'LRORVRQRWDQWRWHPSRFKHPLVRQRVTXDVLPRUWRSHUOL B%''8*1)6'78*+"*1&H betìaݱ'RQGHVLއYX"$އQRYHFRJQRVVR]¢ ruzanteݱ,RPLVRQRGHOOD7DOLDSXOLWDQ betìaݱ$FKHPXRއPHFRJQRVF®YXPL" ruzanteݱ4XDQGRFKHHUDQRODPX]]DURODFKHLRPLHUDQROR]DGRLQFDVD 1)6'7%H*:"*1)#b6*"66"7"*#%*98%6*9)7)6%6?*1"*+%7%()6*+"*#)6*+8(%7)6H* C-0,+&#'$0)(/),#..7%++0G*E&%7+%()*>&%*68*#)*9"*9%(3%()HHH betìaݱ$އYHGLUªDއQRIDHOORFRQ]HQWHFKއDއLQRYH]DSHUORYROWR ruzanteݱ0RLRYHJQLUDQRLQFDVDYRVWUDGHQWURLQODFDPHUDYRVWUD betìaݱ0RVއHOVHVDHVVHSRHFKއHOORVDHVVHPHއPDU®R"$KJXDJLPL ruzanteݱ .0')/#),"#)=0.%)'#+"&#/%G*]"5?*A)''%*+"*358*'"*BDY*<5"*'$%#+"* +87"z*U"*9"*B%78668*+&(3%*&(*;"33)z*C]$g(458%*,-.-?*.`@I_,?*;%''&'"* ,aI`.G

(12)

V%*#8(4&%*-0,.7%++#*%66)984#8%*%##$(+#/(#.#'0*+8*U"6')78*A"7*'7%''8*3)9"* #$%AA#83%=8)("*+8*+"68("(="*8'%#8%("*%*1)38*1"7;%#8*+8%#"''%#8*C.0<'0,,(+(?* ,+#<#'0?*"33HG*"*#%*37"%=8)("*+8*B)79"*87783)()638;8#8*)*%;"77%('8*A"7*6)17%I "6'"(68)("*+"68("(=8%#"*CI"#'0*v>&%$?*%&#'0)/#)-"QQ#&0/#?*(0)=%<'(&#'0?* "33HGH*\%*8(*>&"6'%*9%(38%'%*+8*;%''&'"*3)9A%8)()*%(35"*+&"*"#"9"('8*35"* A)'7";;"7)*"66"7"*6'%'8*)44"'')*+8*6A"38B83%*78A7"6%*+%*A%7'"*+8*U"6')78M*8#* A789)?*A&7*4"("783)?*D*#$898'%=8)("*47)66)#%(%*+"##)*6A%4()#)*9"+8%('"* #$%;&6)*+8*I,*B8(%#"*C;%''&'%*a/M*=0/W,?*-(#,)-0&0,#,*68(4)#%7"?*$#&#'0,)$%) /0,)$('#&0,GJ*8#*6"3)(+)*D*#$"6A7"668)("*78+)(+%('"*+"#*A)66"6681)*8(*3%68* 3)9"**0,+&#),(<'0&(#)$%)="*"*/()>#++()=0,+&()$%)="*C8#*6)#)*H-5/%+0*)BB7"*+"I 38("*"*+"38("*+8*"6"9A8*%(%#)458M*1#19)-(0)$%)-%*..`^?*()-(%()50:,)$%)-%* .._.?*>(/(",)-%",)$%)-%*.._.?)=%'+&0)'0,+&0)$%)'0(*.._,?*/%),"%),%$()$%) /"(*.._,?*.0/)>(</(0),"0)$%()/"(*.._a?*(')$%/)+"0),<"#&$#&%)$%)+%*.._`?*#/#'0) -(0)$%)-%*..__*"33HGH*Q448&(4)*35"*#%*A7"A)68=8)("*%7'83)#%'%*A%1%(%*+"#* '8A)*('+"'?*('+%/*C2%33%4("##%*,-.,?*a_@?*6H1H*R8('"TG*A)'7";;"*"66"7"*'7%*8* A7)4"(8')78*+"#*;"(*'"6')78%()*C"*+"#*7"6')*%(35"*4"(&8(%9"('"*#)9;%7I +)G*(')$%/H16*:8*'7%''%*+8*&()*+"4#8*"#"9"('8*A8O*186')68*"*A%7)6686'83%9"('"* 1%78%'8*("##%*9)7B)#)48%*'"7%')#)483%*+"##%*#8(4&%*+"##$H-5/%+0M*68*1"+%()* A"7*"6"9A8)*(')$%//8(,."&0*..`^?*(')$%)I"%//0)$%)J0-#QQ0*..`^?*(')$%/)1(á) .._-?*(')$%//8#/+&#)1#&+%*.._,?*'0').0-5('%&#''0)(')$%),á)'(%'+%*.._,?* I"#++&0)<#++(c)(')$%/)<(9Ü*.._,?*"*3)6b*18%*B8()*%*('$%,01&#$%/+"++0*.,,^?* 35"*D*'7%*#"*&#'8986689"*A%7)#"*+"#*'"6')H Q*A)358*%((8*+%##$H-5/%+0?*U"6')78*A%7#%*"6A#838'%9"('"*+8*X&=%('"*("#* ;7"1"*'"6')*+"#*.@/_*6378'')*8(*)33%68)("*+"#*48L*783)7+%')*6A"''%3)#)*3)(* 3&8*2%7"('8*A)7'%1%*#%*S%+W#*%#*:%#)("*28"7*V)9;%7+)J*"33)*&(*;7%()*'7%'')* +%*>&"##)*6378'')M o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b*3)9"* 16 Q*A7)A)68')*+"#*>&%#"*V%=="78(8*.@/a?*e@*"1)3%*%(35"*8#*B8)7"('8()*A)A)#%7"*(')'%/?* %+)A"7%')*+%#*E%++%*+8*R&0,)%)O&(#10H

(13)

&(%*7"8(1"(=8)("*+"##%*("3"668'L*+7%99%'&7483%*+8*3&8*A%7#%1)*A789%*"* 35"*68*+"1"*+&(>&"*1"78B83%7"*v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b*+87"*3)(I '"9A)7%("%*%##$%&')7"*P*"*#%*#8(4&%*+"#*U"6')78*v63%7)==%('"$*P*&(%*#8(4&%* %66)#&'%9"('"*%('87"%#86'83%?*%37)(83%*"*8(%''&%#"?*8(*;8#83)*3)9$D*'7%*%7I 3%838'L*;%7;%783%*C&($%73%838'L*3&8*68*1&0.0-5%G*"*A)6'I%A)3%#866"*CR>&"##)* 35"*7"6'%*jHHHk*+8*&()*6B%3"#)*&9%()TGH X"6'%*+%*358%787"*P*"*A"7*B%7#)*6"7187";;"*&(*%9A8)*#%1)7)*+8*6A)4#8)*P*6"* "*>&%(')*8#*()9"*C)*#)*6A878')G*+8*X&=%('"*')7(8*A)8*("##"*A%48("*+8*U"6')78* %(35"*%#*+8*B&)78*+"##$%9;8')*'"%'7%#"H*r&8?*%*358&6&7%*+"#*+863)76)?*98*#898I '"7N*%*7%99"('%7"*&(*"#="187)*%AA%76)*6&#*;0&&(%&%)$%//#)F%&#*8#*,*%4)6')* .@^/*"*+"+83%')*%##)*63&#')7"*6"''"3"('"63)*["(8%98()*:89)(8?*%&')7"*+8* 47%(*A%7'"*+"##"*6'%'&"*+"##%**(#);&".(,*("#*:%('&%78)*+8*<"71"()*C[7"I 638%GH*0#*()9"*+8*:89)(8*3)9A%781%*48L*("#*37&38%#"*%7'83)#)*+"#*.@ee*6&* RE8%3)9)*<"7&'8H*V8(4&%*"*+8%#"'')*("##%*'7%+8=8)("*;7"638%(%T?*("#*>&%#"* #)*63&#')7"*"7%*3)(68+"7%')*#$&(83)*1"7)*3)9A%4()*+8*6'7%+%*+8*<"7&'8M*&(* 3)9A%4()*6%(4&84()*"*A"7B8()*;"6'8%#"*786A"'')*%##%*6"7"(8'L*A%7'"38A"*+"#* 28')335"'')?*6"3)(+)*&()*635"9%*35"*+&"*6"3)#8*8((%(=8*%1"1%*)AA)6')*8#* X)9%(8()*C3)(*8*6&)8*37&+8*&)98(8*+%*6'%##%M*8#*+8%#"'')G*%#*\)7"'')*C3)(*8#* 6&)*3#%6683869)*>&%68*)#89A83)M*#%*#8(4&%GH18*l+*"33)?*A8O*+8*1"('$%((8*+)A)?* 35"*8#*()9"*+8*X&=%('"*18"("*%*#%9A"448%7"*A"7*&(*86'%('"*"*%778335863"* +8*&(%*+"38681%*6B&9%'&7%*v+8%#"''%#"$*8#*6"(6)*+"##"*89A7"668)(%('8*6'%'&"* +8*:89)(8M 0#*#"'')7"*35"*1&)#*3)()63"7#)*jHHHk*6%#4%*%*<"71"()?*"('78*("##%*2%77)3I 358%#"*"*("##"*6'%=8)(8*+8*&(%**(#);&".(,*#84("%?*35"*78A7"(+"*#%*9%8* 6)A8'%*'7%+8=8)("*+"8*:%378*\)('8M*63)A787L*&()*+"8*Ö'"%'78*8(*B84&7%ç*A8O* 6)7A7"(+"('8*35"*"686'%()*%#*9)(+)H*0*3)('%+8(8?*35"*+83)?*8*1%##848%(8?*8* 9)('%(%78?*8*A%6')78?*8*+"8"''8?*8*+8647%=8%'8?*8*;%#)7+8?*8*+"9"('8?*8*#%+78?* 4#8*%BB%9%'8*+"##%*W%##"*C"?*8(*"66%?*+8*'&''%*#%*'"77%G*5%(*'7)1%')*("#*:8I 9)(8*8#*#)7)*8('%4#8%')7"*C68*'7%''%?*8(B%''8?*+8*6'%'&"*#84(""GJ*"?*8(68"9"?*8#* #)7)*')71)?*63)('7)6)?*;"3"7)*"*7&''%('"*3%(')7"J*&(%*6)7'%*+$g9"7)*+"8* 17 U"6')78*.@/_?*_*C%*>&"6')*'"6')*D*3)##"4%'%*#$&(83%*)33)77"(=%*+"#*()9"*+8*X&=%('"*("4#8* 8(+838*+8*]%##$g9;7%*,--/GH 18 g7%*8(*\%7%(8*.@@_?*`,@I_e*C8(*A%7'83)#%7"*``_I@*A"7*8#*:89)(8GH

(14)

+86"7"+%'8*35"?*9"63)#%')68*3)#*X&==%('"?*'7%*8#*./_,*"*8#*./e.*3)6'7&b*8#* 9)(&9"(')*A"7*358?*%##)7%?*()(*%1"1%*("AA&7*+878'')*+8*3818#"*A%7)#%H*l* 63&6%'"*6"*D*A)3)H19 0(&'8#"*8(686'"7"*6&#*B%'')*35"*>&"6')*X&=%('"Ig9"7)*3%(')7"*+"8*+86"7"+%'8* D*B7&'')*+8*&(%*A"76)(%#86689%*7"8('"7A7"'%=8)("*A8O*35"*+8*&(%*#"''&7%*6')I 783%9"('"*B)(+%'%M*;86)4("7L*A8&'')6')*9"''"7"*%4#8*%''8*35"*#$"6A"78"(=%?* )*#%*9"9)78%?*+"8*'"6'8*7&=%('8%(8*%AA%7"*%(3)7%*8(*47%+)*+8*6A7848)(%7"* B)7'8*6&44"6'8)(8?*35"*6"71)()*%*U"6')78*A"7*')7(%7"*%*8('"77)4%7"*8*A7)A78* %74)9"('8*A7"+8#"''8H

Bibliografia

Q4)6'8?*E8)1%((8*j.@@ek*C,--aGH*R:3%77)==%('8*+8*V)9;%7+8%TH*Q66)38%=8)I ("*E8)1%((8*U"6')78*,--a?*a.IeH Q4)6'8?*E8)1%((8*C%*3&7%*+8G*C,-._GH*U(0=#''()?%,+0&(H*A/)<&#')+%#+&0)-0'C +#'0H*F#<<(),")U#"$%'Q(0)Y%&&#&(H*\8#%()M*F"#'78("##8H Q66)38%=8)("*E8)1%((8*U"6')78*C%*3&7%*+8G*C,--aGH*?%,+0&()#)S&%,.(#H*<8(8I 6"##)*[%#6%9)M*:8#1%(%*l+8')78%#"H [%#+"##8?*04(%=8)*C.@e_GH**#&(#'+()$()1&0,#+0&().0'+%-10&#'%()KO#/#QQ%,.7(c) ;%..7(c)S#,,#'(c);#,,0/#c)?%,+0&(LH*F87"(="M*V"*\)((8"7H ["(')4#8)?*Q#;"7')*C,-..GH*R0#*2833)#)*U"%'7)*+8*\8#%()*"*#$"6A"78"(=%*+"#* +"3"('7%9"(')*'"%'7%#"*C.@e^I.@/`GTH*H;VR)Å)H''#/()$%//#)Y#.0/+9)$() J%++%&%)%)Y(/0,0>(#)$%//8f'(=%&,(+9)$%</()F+"$()$()V(/#'0?*``?*.^aI@`H* [7&("''8?*:89)(%J*\%8()?*\%7=8%*C%*3&7%*+8G*C,--eGH*B"Q#'+%),"//%),.%'%) $%/)8wrrH*2%+)1%M*l6"+7%H <%AA"##)?*E8)1%((8*C.@^aGH*U(0=#''()?%,+0&(H*F87"(="M*V%*!&)1%*0'%#8%H <%63"''%?*Q((%9%78%*C.@^aGH*A'=(+0)#//#)/%++"&#)$()?%,+0&(H*\&768%M*\8#%()H <)#)9;)?*\835"#"*C,-.eGH*O#,,(0'%)?&(="/Q(#'#@)H&-0'(#)%=#'<%/(.#)=0/<#C &(QQ#+#)(')-(/#'%,%)#'+(.0H*["7#8()J*[)6')(M*]"*E7&m'"7H <)('8(8?*E8%(B7%(3)*j.@eak*C.@/-GH*R0('7)+&=8)("*%##%*;0<'(Q(0'%)$%/)$0C /0&%TH*<)('8(8?*E8%(B7%(3)?**#&(#'+()%)#/+&#)/('<"(,+(.#@)f'#)&#..0/+#)$() ,#<<()KqwyzCqwszLH*U)78()M*l8(%&+8?*e-.I.@H <)('8(8?*E8%(B7%(3)*C.@/`GH*J#)/%++%&#+"&#)(+#/(#'#@)m++0CG0=%.%'+0H*F8I 7"(="M*:%(6)(8H ]$Q358##"?*2%)#)*C,-.,GH*O#&0/%@)H/)-"&0)%)('),.%'#H*F87"(="M*F7%(3)*<"6%'8* l+8')7"H ]$g(458%?*V&3%*C%*3&7%*+8G*C,-.-GH*B"Q#'+%h)V0,.7%++#H*W"("=8%M*\%768#8)H 19 U"6')78*j.@^/k*,--a?*^eH*0#*A"==)*68*358&+"*A7)3#%9%(+)*:89)(8*8#*RA8O*47%(+"*63&#')7"* v8(*+8%#"'')$*35"*B8(*>&8*68*3)()63%J*3)6b*47%(+"*"*v8(6A8"4%;8#"$*+%*8(18'%7"*%*789"''"7"*8(* +863&668)("*'&''"*#"*v3%'"4)78"$*"*+"##%*#8(4&%*"*+"#*;"##)TH

(15)

]%##$g9;7%?*]%18+"*C%*3&7%*+8G*C,--/GH*U(0=#''()?%,+0&()S(5/(0<&#>(#H*:%(* E8&#8%()*\8#%("6"M*:3%#A"(+8J*Q66)38%=8)("*E8)1%((8*U"6')78H* ]"*[#%68?*!83)#%*C,-.`GH*U%0<&#>(#)%),+0&(#)$%//8(+#/(#'0)&%<(0'#/%H*[)#)4(%M* 8#*\&#8()H +"*\%''"86?*U8;"78%*C,--_GH*J#)+&#<%$(#).0'+%-10&#'%#@)O(&#'$%//0c)O#,0/('() %)?%,+0&(H*X)9%M*2)('"*:86')H ])(8("##8?*V&3%*C.@@`GH*;0'=%&,#Q(0'().0')?%,+0&(H*\8#%()M*l+8=8)("*<#&;* +"##%*F%984#8%H V%=="78(8?*V&38%*C.@/aGH*RJ8H-5/%+0?*)*+"##%*;%7;%78"*78'7)1%'%TH*O#&#<0C '%)Å)J%++%&#+"&#?*,`C,^,G?*_eI/aH V%=="78(8?*V&38%*C.@/_GH*RV#.5%++0?*)*+"#*&%o%+TH*O#&#<0'%)Å)J%++%&#+"&#?* ,eCa-,G?*^eI@aH \%7%(8?*28"'7)*<H*C%*3&7%*+8G*C.@@_GH*U(0=#''()?%,+0&(H*J#)&%#/+9)$%//#)1(+C +"&#H*F.&(++()$(),+0&(#)%).&(+(.#)$8#&+%)$#/)!"#++&0.%'+0)#/)F%++%.%'+0H* \8#%()M*V)(4%("68H \%==)(8?*:'"B%()*C,-.`GH*RV&+)183)*d)7=8H*27)B8#)*+8*&()*6'&+8)6)*8(>&8"I ')TH*E&#--#+"&<(#?*..*C(H6H*.G?*@I.a/H \835"#"''8?*E8%3)9)*C8(*3)76)*+8*6'%9A%GH*d?%/#c),.#=#//#c)</g11%+%c)#)1#/C /#Üe@)U(#''();%/#+()%)J('0)U#5%//0'%)+&#$"++0&()$();P/('%H*0(*3)76)*+8* 6'%9A%*("4#8*%''8*+"#*3)(1"4()*U(#''();%/#+(h)+&#$"Q(0'%c),.&(++"&#c)&(C ,.&(++"&#*C<)7f?*,aI,`*6"''"9;7"*,-.eGH 2%33%4("##%?*01%()*C.@/aGH*R\"638+%(=%*"*9%3%7)(869)H*]%##$8;78+869)* +"##"*A7"+835"*%##$8('"7B"7"(=%*+"##"*9%3%7)(""TH*U(0&'#/%),+0&(.0)$%//#) /%++%&#+"&#)(+#/(#'#?*@-?*aeaI^.H 2%33%4("##%?*01%()*C.@/@GH*J%)-#.#&0'%%)1#$0=#'%H*?&#$(Q(0'%)%)/('<"#H* 2%+)1%M*Q('"()7"H 2%33%4("##%?*01%()*C.@^`GH*A/)>#,+0)$%//%)/('<"%H*O/"&(/('<"(,-0)/%++%&#&(0) '%/);('I"%.%'+0H*X)9%M*[&#=)(8*l+8')7"H 2%33%4("##%?*01%()*C,-.,GH**0.#50/#&(0)$%/)1#=#'0)K[A*C[*AA),%.0/0LH*2%I +)1%M*l6"+7%H 2%33%4("##%?*01%()*C,-.aGH*RX&=%('"*L*#%*9%(8D7"*+"*]%78)*F)TH*[7&6"4%(?* X)6%((%*C%*3&7%*+8G?*J#),.(%'Q#)$%/)+%#+&0H*m-#<<(0)#)E#&(0)Y0)%)Y&#'.#) B#-%H*27"9"66%*+8*]%78)*F)H*X)9%M*[&#=)(8*l+8')7"?*,_I`eH) 2%(="78?*F&#18)*C%*3&7%*+8G*C,--,GH*U(0=#''()?%,+0&(h)H-/%+0@)f'#),+0&(#)1%&) (/).('%-#H*U)78()M*Q7%4()H 2%(="78?*F&#18)*C,--aGH**(+#)$()?%,+0&(H*\8#%()M*V)(4%("68H 2%(="78?*F&#18)*C%*3&7%*+8G*C,--^GH*?%,+0&(c)U(0=#''(h)m1%&%@)qwsaCqwxxH* 0('7)+&=8)("*+8*E8)1%((8*X%;)(8H*\8#%()M*[)9A8%(8H 28%(3%?*<58%7%*C,-./GH*A/)1&(-0)XH-5/%+0Z@);0'+&(5"+0)#//#)>(/0/0<(#)+%#+&#C /%)$()U(0=#''()?%,+0&(*j'"68*+8*#%&7"%kH*W"("=8%M*S(81"768'L*<%$*F)63%78* W"("=8%?*%H%H*,-.ey,-./H X%;)(8?*E8)1%((8*C,--aGH*R0#*'"%'7)*+"4#8*63%77)==%('8TH*U)&;%6?*Q#%8(*C%* 3&7%*+8G?*U(0=#''()?%,+0&(@)A),%<&%+()$()V(/#'0H*<8(86"##)*[%#6%9)M*:8#1%(%* l+8')78%#"?*.`,IaH

(16)

X898(8?*:'"B%(8%*C,--/GH*B0=('%)$()R/,('0&%@)U/(*ÖH-/%+(Z)$()U(0=#''()?%,+0C

&(H*Q387"%#"M*[)(%(()*l+8')7"H

X8(%#+8?*X8(%#+)*C.@^-GH*RU"6')78H*S()*6'8#"*9%'"78%#86'%TH*A/)/%++0&%)$()

1&0=('.(#?*..?*,.Ia/?*A)8*7%33)#')*8(*X8(%#+8*.@^_?*.a^I_aH

X8(%#+8?* X8(%#+)* C.@^_GH* A/) &0-#'Q0) .0-%) $%>0&-#Q(0'%@) H'#+0-(#) %$)

%&%$(+9)<#$$(#'#)(')V#,+&0'#&$(c)S(#'.(#&$(c)?%,+0&(c)H&5#,('0H*\8#%()M* \&768%H :%('8(8?*E8#;"7')*C%*3&7%*+8G*C.@@eGH*U(0=#''()?%,+0&()'%/)=%'+&%)$%/)+%#C +&0H*27"B%=8)("*+8*Q((%*UH*g66%(8?*3)(*&(%*()'%*+8*<%7#)*[)H*S7;8()M* r&%''7)W"('8H :5%99%5?*Q(+7K"*X&'5*j.@@_k*C.@@eGH*A/)Ä'0,+&08)?%,+0&(@)?%,+(-0'(#'Q%) $()#++0&()%)&%<(,+(H*:%('8(8*.@@e?*..aI,`H U%BB)(?*E8)748)*C.@@/GH*J0),.&(=#'0c)</(),.#&&0QQ#'+(c)()+%-1/(@)U(0=#''() ?%,+0&()%)(/)+%#+&0H*X)9%M*[&#=)(8*l+8')7"H U%BB)(?*E8)748)*C,-..GH*E%$(.#+0)#)?%,+0&(@)J0),.&(=#'0)+&#)#&+%)%)=(+#H*X)I 9%M*[&#=)(8*l+8')7"H U"6')78?*E8)1%((8*C.@e^GH*R0#*1"('7"*+"#*'"%'7)TH*O#&#<0'%)Å)J%++%&#+"&#?* .@C,,-G?*@aI.-/H U"6')78?*E8)1%((8*C.@/aGH*RV$Q9;#"')TH*:%('8(8*.@@e?*_@Ie.H U"6')78?*E8)1%((8*C.@/`GH*R\%3;"'')H*<)(1"76%=8)("*3)(*X);"7')*]"*\)(I '83"##8TH*:%('8(8*.@@e?*e_I/H U"6')78?*E8)1%((8*C.@/_GH*RQ#3&("*89A7"668)(8*+8*E8%((8*U"6')78*7%33)#'"*%* &(%*A7)1%*+"##%)S%+W#TH*d)7=8?*V&+)183)*C%*3&7%*+8G?*H'<%/0)S%0/.0)$%++0) (/)B"Q#'+%@)XJ#)S%+W#ZH*W"7)(%M*Q('í+8')7"?*_H U"6')78?*E8)1%((8*j.@^/k*C,--aGH*R<)9A%4()*+"#*<"7&'8TH*Q66)38%=8)("* E8)1%((8*U"6')78*,--a?*^_IeH W"63)1)?*28"79%78)*C,--/GH*RX8B#"668)(8*6A%76"*6&*#8(4&%?*+8%#"'')*"*'"%I '7)TH*2&AA%?*2%)#)*C%*3&7%*+8G?*J('<"#)%)/('<"%)'%/)+%#+&0)(+#/(#'0H*X)9%M* [&#=)(8*l+8')7"?*a_IeaH W"63)1)?*28"79%78)*C8(*3)76)*+8*6'%9A%GH*M#('%c)#-0&%c)1#,+(.7%@)F7#^%C ,1%#&%c)?%,+0&(c)R$"#&$0H*0(*3)76)*+8*6'%9A%*("4#8*%''8*+"#*3)(1"4()* 8('"7(%=8)(%#"*J#)7#('%)$%)F7#^%,1%#&%*C2%786?*\%86)(*+"*#%*X"35"735"* +"*2%786I:)7;)(("?*aI_*+83"9;7"*,-._GH d)7=8?*V&+)183)*C%*3&7%*+8G*C.@e/GH*B"Q#'+%h)?%#+&0H*U)78()M*l8(%&+8H

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

Five judgments are against more than one respondent State: Republic of Moldova and Russian Federation (2 judgments); Slovak Republic and Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Hungary, Azerbaijan

I vari materiali hanno infatti un’incidenza diversa sul costo totale della macchina: i magneti permanenti incidono sempre per pi` u del 50 % del costo totale nei brushless utilizzanti

Individuals are citizens when they practise civic virtue and good citizenship, enjoy but do not exploit their civil and political rights, contribute to and receive social and

 PageRank is the original famous algorithm used by the Google Search engine to rank vertexes (web pages) in a graph by order of importance..  For the Google

Il Seminario è rivolto ai professionisti che si interfacciano con questi affidamenti: assistenti sociali, psicologi, avvocati, giuristi, educatori, affidatari ed esponenti

Le strategie suggerite dal governo centrale, linee guida e piani nazionali, e declinate al livello locale seguono varie fasi: dall’individuazione delle aree, delle famiglie e

Informazioni: trevigliomusei@comune.treviglio.bg.it - 0363 317502 - www.comune.treviglio.bg.it Mostra a pannelli sulla vita e le opere di Giovanni Testori allestita all'esterno

The thin lines frame the optical depth evolution for different models of PopIII stars that reproduce the chemical abundance constraints (Figure 3).. Abundances of