N
o
te
s
6
5
th I
n
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
g
re
s
s
o
f
M
e
a
t
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
8
4
0
B
o
o
k
o
f
A
b
s
tr
a
c
ts
| T
hur
s
d
a
y 0
8 A
ugu
s
t, 2
0
19 |
P
o
s
te
rs
e
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
D
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
P-12-0
1
H
e
a
lth im
plic
a
tion of B
iel
le
s
e l
a
mb me
a
t con
s
um
p
tion
(#5
0
)
A
lbe
rt
o Brugia
pa
g
lia
1 , Ca
ro
la L
us
sia
n
a
1 , Da
n
iel F
ra
nc
o
2 , J
o
s
e M
. L
or
e
n
z
o
2 , M
a
rio B
a
ra
tta
3
1 U
n
iv
e
rsi
ty of T
urin
, D
e
pa
rt
me
n
t of A
g
ric
ul
tur
al
, F
or
e
s
t a
nd F
ood S
c
ie
nc
e
s
, Grug
lias
c
o
, T
orino
, I
tal
y
;
2 M
e
a
t T
e
c
h
no
lo
g
y C
e
n
tr
e of G
al
ic
ia
, F
ood S
c
ie
nc
e a
nd T
e
c
h
no
lo
g
y
, S
a
n C
ibr
ao das V
iñ
as
, S
pa
in;
3
U
n
iv
e
rsi
ty of T
urin
, D
e
pa
rt
me
n
t of V
et
e
rin
a
ry S
c
ie
nc
e, Grug
lias
c
o
, T
orino
, I
tal
y
In
trod
uc
tion
C
on
s
ume
r
in
te
re
s
t
in
me
a
t
fa
t,
c
ho
le
s
te
ro
l
c
on
te
n
t
a
nd
fa
tt
y
ac
id
c
om
po
si
-tion
h
as
g
ro
wn
in
re
c
e
n
t
ye
a
rs
due
to
the
ir
im
p
lic
a
tion
s
for
h
um
a
n
he
al
th
.
T
he
h
ig
h
re
d
me
a
t
c
on
s
um
p
tion
is
c
on
side
re
d
a
d
ieta
ry
ri
sk
fac
tor
for
c
a
r-d
io
v
as
c
ula
r
d
is
e
as
e
s
,
be
c
a
us
e
it
h
as
be
e
n
rela
te
d
to
sa
tur
a
te
d
fa
tt
y
ac
id
s
(S
F
A
)
a
nd
c
ho
le
s
te
ro
l
c
on
te
n
t.
H
o
wev
e
r,
re
d
me
a
t
is
al
s
o
a
good
s
our
c
e
of
monoun
sa
tur
a
te
d
(M
U
F
A
)
a
nd
po
lyun
sa
tur
a
te
d
(PU
F
A
)
fa
tt
y
ac
id
s
th
a
t
h
a
v
e
po
si
ti
v
e
e
ffe
c
ts
on
h
um
a
n
he
al
th
.
T
he
B
iel
le
s
e
she
e
p
is
a
n
a
u
toc
h
thonous
Pie
mon
te
s
e
br
e
e
d
s
pe
c
ial
iz
e
d
for
me
a
t
pr
oduc
tion
due
to
it
s
purpor
te
d
h
ig
h
qual
it
y
.
H
o
wev
e
r,
the
re
is
on
ly
lim
it
e
d
in
form
a
tion
re
ga
rd
ing
B
iel
le
s
e
me
a
t
qual
it
y
.
T
he
re
for
e,
the
a
im
of
th
is
s
tud
y
w
as
to
ex
a
m
ine
the
lipid
fr
ac
tion
of
me
a
t in r
ela
tion t
o the r
e
c
e
n
t d
ieta
ry r
e
c
om
me
nda
tion for he
al
th
y in
tak
e
.
M
ethods
N
ine
m
ale
s
la
m
b
s
we
re
re
a
re
d
in
the
sa
me
e
n
v
ir
on
me
n
tal
c
ond
it
ion
s
a
t
the
ex
pe
rime
n
tal
fa
rm
of
the
D
e
pa
rt
me
n
t
of
V
et
e
rin
a
ry
S
c
ie
nc
e
of
the
U
n
iv
e
r-si
ty
of
T
orino.
T
he
la
m
b
s
we
re
in
it
ial
ly
fe
d
on
the
ir
mo
the
r’
s
m
ilk
a
nd
the
n
on
good
qual
it
y
h
a
y
un
ti
l
the
a
n
im
al
s
we
re
we
a
ne
d
.
F
rom
the
3
0
th da
y
the
y
we
re
fe
d
w
ith
a
c
om
me
rc
ial
c
onc
e
n
tr
a
te
w
h
ic
h
w
as
g
radual
ly
incr
e
as
e
d
to
1
k
g/he
ad/da
y
w
h
ile
h
a
y
w
as
gi
v
e
n
a
d
lib
it
um
.
T
he
la
m
b
s
we
re
sla
ug
h
te
re
d
a
t
5
mon
th
s
of
a
ge
a
nd
a
n
a
v
e
ra
ge
liv
e
we
ig
h
t
of
37
k
g
.
A
ft
e
r
7
da
ys
of
a
ge
ing
a
t
4°C
,
a
por
tion
of
L
o
ngi
ss
imus
d
o
rs
i
w
as
tak
e
n
a
nd
us
e
d
to
det
e
rm
ine
the
in
tr
a
m
us
c
ula
r
fa
t
c
on
te
n
t,
the
fa
tt
y
ac
id
(F
A
)
c
om
po
si
tion
a
nd
the
c
ho
le
s
te
ro
l
c
on
te
n
t.
T
he
F
A
c
om
po
si
tion
w
as
ex
pr
e
s
s
e
d
bo
th
as
pe
rc
e
n
ta
ge
of
to
tal
F
A
s
a
nd
as
mg/1
00
g
of
e
d
ib
le
por
tion
,
c
alc
ula
te
d
using
the
to
tal
fa
t
c
on
v
e
rsion
fac
tor
re
por
te
d
b
y
Gr
e
e
n
field
a
nd
S
ou
thga
te
(1992).
T
he
fa
t
e
ne
rg
y
v
alue
(k
c
al
)
w
as
c
alc
ula
te
d
b
y
m
ul
tip
ly
ing
the
a
moun
t
of
fa
t
b
y
the
c
on
v
e
rsion
fac
-tor
9
. F
in
al
ly
, the
PU
F
A/S
F
A
a
nd
n
-6/n
-3
ra
tio
s
a
nd
the
a
the
roge
n
ic
(A
I)
a
nd
th
rom
boge
n
ic
(T
I)
ind
ic
e
s
(U
lbric
h
t
a
nd
S
ou
thga
te,
199
1)
we
re
c
alc
ula
te
d
.
V
alue
s we
re ex
pr
e
s
s
e
d as a
ri
th
met
ic me
a
n
.
R
e
s
ul
ts
T
he
fa
t
c
on
te
n
t
of
me
a
t
w
as
lo
we
r
th
a
n
th
a
t
re
por
te
d
in
the
CR
A
-N
U
T
da
ta
-s
et
(h
tt
p
://n
u
t.
e
n
te
cr
a
.it/6
4
6/tabel
le_d
i_c
om
po
siz
ione_de
g
li_al
ime
n
ti
.h
tm
-l?idal
ime
n
to=
10
4
0
4
0&qua
n
t=
100
)
for
la
m
b
(1
.8
v
s
2
.7
%).
A
c
c
or
d
ing
to
E
F
S
A
(201
7
),
the
in
tak
e
of
fa
t
should
ra
nge
bet
we
e
n
20
to
35%
of
to
tal
da
il
y
e
ne
rg
y
in
tak
e
. T
he
re
for
e,
for
a
2
200
k
c
al/da
y
d
iet
,
the
re
c
om
me
nde
d
da
il
y
fa
t
in
tak
e
ra
nge
s
fr
om
4
9
to
86
g
ra
m
s
.
One
s
e
rv
ing
(1
00
g)
of
B
iel
le
s
e
me
a
t
pr
o
v
ide
s
a
round
3
%
a
nd
1%
of
fa
t
a
nd
e
ne
rg
y
,
re
s
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
. W
ith
re
ga
rd
s
to
c
ho
le
s
te
r-o
l,
the
me
a
t
s
upp
ly
a
mode
s
t
c
on
te
n
t
(7
5
mg/1
00g)
w
h
ic
h
re
pr
e
s
e
n
ts
a
round
25%
of
the
re
c
om
me
nde
d
da
il
y
c
ho
le
s
te
ro
l
in
tak
e
in
adul
ts
(3
00
mg/d
).
T
h
is
v
alue
w
as
sim
ila
r
to
CR
A
-N
U
T
v
alue
for
la
m
b
(7
4.82
mg/1
00g).
F
or
the
pr
e
-v
e
n
tion
of
c
a
rd
io
v
as
c
ula
r
d
is
e
as
e
s
,
a
n
ade
qua
te
in
tak
e
of
4%
a
nd
0
.5%
of
the
to
tal
d
ieta
ry
e
ne
rg
y
in
tak
e
should
be
de
ri
v
e
d
fr
om
lino
le
ic
(L
A
)
a
nd
<
-l
in
-o
le
n
ic
ac
id
s
(A
L
A
),
re
s
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
(E
F
S
A
,
201
7
).
T
h
is
c
orr
e
s
pond
s
to
a
da
il
y
in
tak
e
of
a
ppr
o
x
im
a
tel
y
10
g/da
y
of
L
A
a
nd
1
g/da
y
of
A
L
A
.
One
s
e
rv
ing
of
B
iel
le
s
e
me
a
t
pr
o
v
ide
s
on
ly
0
.090
g
of
L
A
a
nd
0
.0
25
g
of
A
L
A
.
In
add
it
ion
,
E
F
S
A
(201
7
)
re
c
om
me
nd
s
a
m
in
im
um
of
25
0
mg/da
y
of
e
ic
o
sa
pe
n
tae
noic
(E
P
A
)
+
doc
o
sahex
ae
noic
ac
id
(D
HA
).
In
th
is
trial
,
E
P
A
+
D
HA
c
onc
e
n
tr
a
-tion
w
as
a
round
20
mg/1
00
g
of
e
d
ib
le
me
a
t,
the
re
for
e
it
c
a
n
no
t
be
c
on
sid
-e
re
d
as
a
s
our
c
e
of
E
P
A
a
nd
D
HA
.
In
ge
ne
ral
,
PU
F
A/S
F
A
ra
tio
abo
v
e
0
.4
5
a
nd
n
-6/n
-3
belo
w
4.
0
a
re
re
quir
e
d
in
the
d
iet
to
c
om
ba
t
“l
ife
s
ty
le
d
is
e
as
e
s
”.
In
the
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
tud
y
, the
PU
F
A/S
F
A
ra
tio
(0
.2
3
)
w
as
c
on
side
rab
ly
lo
we
r
th
a
n
the
re
c
om
me
nde
d
v
alue
s
,
w
he
re
as
the
n
-6/n
-3
ra
tio
(2
.20
)
w
as
w
ith
in
the
re
c
om
me
nde
d
v
alue
.
A
the
roge
n
ic
a
nd
th
rom
boge
n
ic
ind
ic
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ind
i-c
a
te
the
g
lo
bal
d
iet
et
ic
qual
it
y
of
the
lipid
s
a
nd
the
ir
po
te
n
tial
im
pac
t
on
the
dev
elopme
n
t
of
c
or
on
a
ry
he
a
rt
d
is
e
as
e,
a
v
e
ra
ge
d
1.
0
a
nd
1.5,
re
s
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
.
A
c
c
or
d
ing
to
U
lbric
h
t
a
nd
S
ou
thga
te
(199
1),
the
s
e
v
alue
s
we
re
w
ith
in
the
re
c
om
me
nde
d v
alue
s for la
m
b
s (<
1.
0 a
nd <
1.58 for A
I a
nd T
I, r
e
s
pe
c
ti
v
el
y).
Concl
u
sion
C
on
side
ring
the
o
b
ta
ine
d
re
s
ul
ts
,
B
iel
le
s
e
la
m
b
me
a
t
m
ig
h
t
p
la
y
a
po
si
ti
v
e
ro
le for h
um
a
n he
al
th i
f c
on
s
ume
d ac
c
or
d
ing t
o n
u
tri
tion
al guidel
ine
s
.
A
cknole
d
gemen
ts
A
u
thor
s
ac
kno
w
le
dge
fund
ing
pr
o
v
ide
d
b
y
E
R
A
-N
et
C
of
und
S
us
A
n
(g
ra
n
t
no 696
2
31
) for E
c
o
L
a
m
b pr
o
je
c
t.
R
e
ference
s
Gr
e
e
n
field
, H.,
&
S
ou
thga
te,
D
. A
. T
. (
1992).
F
ood
c
om
po
si
tion
da
ta
–
P
roduc
-tion
, m
a
n
a
ge
me
n
t
a
nd
us
e
. L
ondon
a
nd
N
e
w
Y
or
k
:
El
s
ev
ie
r
A
pp
lie
d
S
c
ie
nc
e
.
U
lbric
h
t,
T
.L
.V
.,
&
S
ou
thga
te,
D
.
A
.
T
.
(199
1).
C
or
on
a
ry
he
a
rt
d
is
e
as
e
:
s
ev
e
n
d
ieta
ry fac
tor
s
. T
he L
a
nc
et
,3
38(
87
7
3
):98
5-92
.
E
F
S
A
(201
7
).
D
ieta
ry
re
fe
re
nc
e
v
alue
s
for
n
u
trie
n
ts
:
s
um
m
a
ry
re
por
t.
E
F
S
A
s
uppor
ting pub
lic
a
tion 201
7
:e1
5
12
1.
