0
10
20
30
40
2018
2013
2008
2003
Real GDP per capita (€ thousand)
Annual growth (%)
1.4%
2.1%
36.1
27.6
EU-27
UK
EU-27
UK
-4%
0
4%
Unemployment and female labour market
Public finances, monetary and financial data
FDI and remittances
UK business environment and socio-economic indicators
The Ease of Doing Business’s ‘distance to frontier’ score assesses the overall level of regulatory performance of a country. It ranges from 0=’lowest performance’ to 100=’the frontier’, the best performance observed worldwide each year.
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the average achievement in key dimensions of human development. It is based on life expectancy at birth, average duration of education and GDP per capita. It ranges from 0 to 100. ‘High human development countries’ (UN) are in the range between 70 and 80. The Corruption Perception Index measures the perceived levels of public sector corruption worldwide. Scores range from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).
The GINI Index measures the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. It is hence a measure of inequality in income distri-bution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality.
Score
Rank
8/190
12/180
44/151
Ease of Doing Business
Human Development Index*
Corruption Perception Index
GINI Index*
0
100
Worst Best Best Worst0
100
0
100
0
100
15/189
33.2
77.0
92.0
83.5
GDP per capita (€) and annual growth (%)
0
80
4
12
4.6%
3.8%
9.9%
6.8%
68.
3%
73.
0%
61.
6%
68.
1%
Female labour force participation rate
(% of female population aged 15-64)
Unemployment, total
(% of total labour force)EU-27
UK
EU-28
UK
2019
2014
2009
2004
85.2%
86.8%
86.4%
79.7%
-5.3%
-1.4%
-2.9%
-0.4%
Public debt (% of GDP)
Surplus/deficit (% of GDP)
2013
2018
EU-27
UK
EU-27
UK
0.7
0.9
1.4%
2.5%
Pound sterling to euro
UK inflation rate
2003
2018
0.0
0.8
0%
10%
0.16%
0.65%
2.1%
0.3%
2008
2018
FDI net inflows (% of GDP)
Remittances received (% of GDP)
EU-28
UK
EU-28
UK
2013
The UK withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. From 1 February, it is a third country and therefore considered
as such in this publication. The trade figures shown concern a period in which the UK was an EU Member State, whereas the
future picture could vary significantly depending on the outcome of trade negotiations between the EU and the UK.
UK: Economic indicators and trade with EU
EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service EUI | European University Institute
Authors: Giulio Sabbati, Members’ Research Service
Olga Griaznova, Globalstat, EUI
PE 646.160 - February 2020
AT A GLANCE
Infographic
EU exports of services to the UK (2018)
Other
Insurance and pension
Intellectual property
Transport
ICT
Travel
Financial
Various business services
37.4% 13.8% 11.3% 10.2% 9.8% 6.2%
(R&D, legal, accounting, consulting, public relations, trade-related, advertising,
market research, public opinion polling, architectural, engineering, scientific, operating leasing, waste) 4.6% 6.8%
Other
Intellectual property
Insurance and pension
Transport
Financial
ICT
Travel
Various business services
24.0% 20.1% 13.6% 12.9% 12.2% 4.6%
(Legal, accounting, consulting, public relations, R&D, architectural, engineering, scientific, advertising, market research, public opinion, trade-related, operating leasing, waste treatment, de-pollution) 3.7% 8.9%
EU imports of services from UK (2018)
122.9
80.3
56.1
49.3
39.7
35.1
33.7
19.9
15.1
11.5
0
50
100
DE
NL
FR
BE
IE
IT
ES
PL
SE
CZ
Thousands
EU imports from India
EU export to India
EU exports of goods to UK (2018)
EU imports of goods from UK (2018)
Main trade partners (2018)
EU trade with UK
Top EU partners (2018)
Trade in goods
Trade in goods, exports plus imports
EU exports to UK
EU imports from UK
Other
Chemicals: 2.0%
Organic chemicals
Optical instruments
Plastic and rubber
Pharmaceutical products
Agri-food
Oil, gas, coal
Vehicles
and aircraft
Mechanical appliances
and
electrical
equipment
20.4% 12.6% 6.1% 4.8% 24.7% 3.4% 14.1% 9.1% 2.8% Other Organic chemicals: 1.7% Optical instruments Oil, gas, coal Plastic and rubberPharmaceutical products Agri-food
Vehicles and aircraft Mechanical appliances and electrical equipment 21.3% 18.8% 13.3% 3.0% 5.8% 4.8% 3.7% 27.6%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
320
197
EU imports from UK
EU exports to UK
161
208
EU imports from UK
EU exports to UK
€ billion
€ billion
Goods (2008-2018)
Services (2013-2018)
NotesGlobalStat is a project developed by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme (Italy) and the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation (Portugal). Data sources for page 1: GDP figures, inflation and exchange rates are from IMF WEO (2019) and Eurostat; Labour market data are from World Bank WDI based on ILO KILM (2019); FDI and remittances data are estimates from World Bank staff based on IMF BoP data (2019); HDI refers to 2018 and GINI index to the most recent year available as reported in the UNDP HDR (2019); (*) re-scaled from 0-1 to 0-100 for better comparability; CPI is from Transparency International (2019); Do-ing Business data are from the World Bank Group - DoDo-ing Business Unit (2019). Data collected on 29/01/2020.
Data sources for page 2: EU trade with UK, Main trade partners (EU), Top EU partners (goods), EU exports of goods to UK (%) and EU imports of goods from UK (%) are from ComExt, Eurostat; Main trade partners (EU) ‘Other APEC countries’ = South Korea, Mexico, Canada, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Chile, Philippines, Peru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Brunei Darussalam; Main trade partners (UK) are from IMF; ‘Other APEC countries’ = Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, Vi-etnam; Trade in services (imports and exports) is a calculation of the author based on Eurostat data (bop_its6_tot and bop_its6_det). Data collected in February 2020. Data in this publication refer to EU-27, apart from ‘FDI and remittances’ and ‘Female labour force participation rate’ where it refers to EU-28.
This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union & GlobalStat, 2020.
eprs@ep.europa.eu (mail) http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu (intranet) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank (internet) http://epthinktank.eu (blog) globalstat@eui.eu(mail) http://www.globalstat.eu (internet)
Other Other APEC members Norway: 2.8% Japan: 3.0% Turkey: 3.4% Switzerland: 6.0% Russia: 6.1% UK China US 14.2% 13.4% 13.0% 18.3% 24.0%
