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The Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore and the Political Destiny of Its Study

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(1)Original scientic paper Received: 15 January 2016 Accepted: 21 March 2016 DOI: 10.15176/vol53no101 UDK 398(450) 32:39]:929Gramsci,A.. The Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore and the Political Destiny of Its Study 

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(4) ‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰›ǡ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‹‡ƒ. ‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘

(5) –ƒŽ‹ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡•ǡ–Š‡’ƒ’‡”ˆ‘ —•‡•‘–Š‡”‡•‹Ž‹‡– ‘ ‡’–‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ ƒ• ƒ ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ† ‰‹˜‡ •‡– ‘ˆ —Ž–—”ƒŽ ‡š’”‡••‹‘•ǡ –Šƒ– Šƒ• „‡‡ Šƒ—–‹‰ –Š‡ †‹• ‹’Ž‹‡•‹ ‡‹–•‹ ‡’–‹‘—†‡”–Š‡‘ƒ–‹ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šǡƒ† Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹œ‡†–Š‡ —•‡–Šƒ––‘–ƒŽ‹–ƒ”‹ƒ”‡‰‹‡•Šƒ†„‡‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ‹–Ǥ‹ ‡–Š‡•‡ ‘†ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ•– ‡–—”›ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡• Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ ‘—Ž† ‘—–‘‡™‡”’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡•ǡ†”ƒ™‘ –Š‡•›•–‡ƒ–‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ”ƒ• ‹ǯ•Ž‡‰ƒ ›ǡ™Š‹ Šˆ”ƒŽ›ƒ††”‡••‡•‹–••‘ ‹‘Ǧ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ–—”‡ǡƒ†ǡ„›‡š–‡•‹‘ǡ–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡‘ˆ‹–•• Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’Ǥ— Šƒ’‡ —Ž‹ƒ” ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‡‡†•–‘„‡”‡ ‘ϐ‹”‡†–‘†ƒ›ǡ•‘ƒ•–‘ ‘’‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ”‡–—”‹‰–‡’–ƒǦ –‹‘•‘ˆƒ‡—–”ƒŽƒ’’”‘ƒ Š™‹–Š‹–Š‡ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡–—”Ǥ ‡›™‘”†•ǣ ”ƒ• ‹ǯ• Ž‡‰ƒ ›ǡ —Ž–—”ƒŽ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ –—”ǡ ‡‰ƒ‰‡† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ǡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Šǡ

(6) –ƒŽ‹ƒˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•–—†‹‡•. A PERMANENT QUESTION

(7) – ™ƒ•ǯ– ƒ •—”’”‹•‡ –‘ †‹• ‘˜‡”ǡ ‹ –Š‡ ™‹†‡ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ –‘’‹ • –Šƒ– Šƒ† „‡‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ 

(8)

(9)  ‹‡ˆ ‘‰”‡•• ’ƒ‡Ž ’”‘‰”ƒ Ȃ ‹ ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ •‘ ƒ› ‘˜‡Ž–‹‡• ‘” ‡‡”‰‹‰ –Š‡‡• Ȃ ƒ Žƒ••‹  ‘‡ Ž‹‡ –Š‡ Ž‘•‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǤŽ‹––Ž‡„‹–‘”‡•—”’”‹•‹‰™ƒ•–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘ ƒ”ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›“—‡•–‹‘‡†–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ–—”‡‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•–—†‹‡•Ǣ –Š‹• ™ƒ• •—ˆϐ‹ ‹‡– –‘ ‘˜‡ ‡ –‘ •—„‹– ƒ ’”‘˜‘ ƒ–‹˜‡ “—‡•–‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’ƒ‡Ž‹–•‡ŽˆȋŠ‘™ ‘—Ž†‹–Šƒ’’‡–Šƒ–•— Šƒ“—‡•–‹‘™ƒ••–‹ŽŽ ‹” —Žƒ–‹‰ǫȌǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘ ‡ƒ––Š‡ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ǡƒ†‡˜‡‘”‡†—”‹‰–Š‡’ƒ‡Ž’”‡•‡Ǧ –ƒ–‹‘ǡ › ™‘””‹‡• ‘•–Ž› ˆƒ†‡† ‘—–ǣ ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ™ƒ• ”ƒ–Š‡” ™‡ŽŽ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ†•’”‡ƒ†ƒŽ‘•–ƒŽŽ‘˜‡”–Š‡‡™Ǧ‡–”›–‘’‹ •ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡ Žƒ••‹ ‘‡• ȋƒ” Š‹˜‡•ǡ ”‹–—ƒŽ•ǡ ˆ‡•–‹˜ƒŽ•ǥȌǤ Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ •—”’”‹•‡ ™ƒ•ǡ ‹•–‡ƒ†ǡ –Š‡ „”‡ƒ–Š ‘ˆ ˆ”‡•Šƒ‹”–Šƒ––Š‡–Š”‡‡ ‘˜‡‘”•„”‘—‰Š––‘–Š‡’ƒ‡Ž•‡••‹‘ǡ•–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘ –Š‡‡”‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹”›‘—–Šǣ‹–™ƒ•–‘ƒ’‡”•‘ƒ‡–‹”‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘›‘—‰‡”–Šƒ‹‡–Šƒ–

(10) ’”‡•‡–‡†›”‡•‡–ˆ—Ž”‡ƒ”‘Š‘™.

(11) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ‹– ‘—Ž†Šƒ’’‡–Šƒ––Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ–—”‡‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•–—†‹‡•™ƒ••–‹ŽŽ’—–—Ǧ †‡”“—‡•–‹‘Ǩ

(12) Šƒ†„‡‡‡š’‡ –‹‰ƒ†‡„ƒ–‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ”š‹•–‘•–ƒŽ‰‹ƒ‘ˆ •–”ƒ–‡‰‹ ƒŽŽ‡‰‹ƒ ‡„‡–™‡‡•‘ ‹ƒŽ• Š‘Žƒ”•™‹–Š‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽˆ‘” ‡• ƒ† •—’’‘”–‡”• ‘ˆ ’‘•–‘†‡” ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‹•–‹ ǡ ‹–”‘•’‡ –‹˜‡ǡ ”‡ϐŽ‡š‹˜‡ –—”ǡ ‘”ǡ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ǡƒ‹ŽŽ—‹ƒ–‹‰•—”˜‡›‘–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•™ƒ›•‘ˆ„‡‹‰’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ˆƒ•Š‹‘ƒ„Ž‡ȋˆ”‘–Š‡’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ —Ž–—”ƒŽ•–—†‹‡•ǡ’‘•–Ǧ•–”— –—”ƒŽ•–—†Ǧ ‹‡•ǡ•—„ƒŽ–‡”•–—†‹‡•ǡ‡– ǤȌǢ„‘–Š ƒ•‡•‘ˆ–‡•–— ‘ƒ‰‡‡”ƒŽ–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ •–ƒ ‡ǡ„‘–Š‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ”†‹•–ƒ–ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡’—„Ž‹ —•‡‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ• ‹‡ ‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ†•‡’–‹ ƒŽƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ‹–•‹•‹‰Š–•–‘ –Š‡‰”‘™‹‰‘ˆƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘• ‹‡ ‡Ǥ

(13) •–‡ƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ‘ ‡’– „‡Š‹† –Š‡ ’ƒ‡Ž ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ȋDz–Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ’—„Ž‹ Ž› ‡‰ƒ‰‡†ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰›dzȌ™ƒ•ǡ–Š‡”‡ǡ”‡‹–”‘†— ‡†ƒ•ƒ—”‰‡–“—‡•–‹‘„› –Š”‡‡ ›‘—‰ ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰‹•–•ǡ ƒ –‹˜‡ ‹ –Š‡‹” ‘™ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘—–”‹‡• ƒ† ‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ™Š‘™‡”‡•‘Ž‹ ‹–‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡’ƒ‡Ž’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•ƒ‘Ǧ ”Š‡–‘”‹ ƒŽ ƒ•™‡”ǣ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Šƒ– ‹†‡ƒ ™ƒ• –‘ „‡ †‡ϐ‹‹–‹˜‡Ž› ƒ„ƒ†‘‡† ƒ• ƒDzƒ‹˜‡ ‘ ‡’–‹‘ǡ‹’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘‹’Ž‡‡–dz‘”™Š‡–Š‡”‹– ‘—Ž†•–‹ŽŽ„‡ ƒDz‰—‹†‹‰’”‹ ‹’Ž‡dz‘”ƒDz‘–‘”ˆ‘” Šƒ‰‡dzǤ

(14) –™ƒ•‘–ƒDz• Š‘‘Ž†‡„ƒ–‡dzǡ –Š‡ ”Š‡–‘”‹ ƒŽ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘ †‡Ž‹˜‡”‡† –Š‡ ‡‡† ‘ˆ ƒ ‘ˆ”‘–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ ƒ –—ƒŽ • Š‘Žƒ”Ž›’”ƒ –‹ ‡•ǡ ‘ ‡’–‹‘•ǡƒ†’—„Ž‹ ’‘•‹–‹‘•ǡƒ†‹–•‡‡‡†–‘‡ Ϋƒ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ž†‡”•ƒ‘‰•––Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–•Ϋ–Šƒ–

(15) Šƒ†–Š‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹ŽǦ ‹–›‘ˆ–ƒ‹‰–Šƒ–•–ƒ ‡†‡ Žƒ”‹‰›’‡”•‘ƒŽƒ•™‡”ǡƒ•ƒ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”ƒ† –‡ƒ Š‡”‹–Š‡ϐ‹‡Ž†‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ǡˆ”‘–Š‡†‡ Ž‹‹‰•‡ƒ•‘‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡”‡˜‹˜ƒŽ –‘–Š‡’”‡•‡–‡”ƒ‘ˆ‹–•–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹–‘

(16) –ƒ‰‹„Ž‡—Ž–—”ƒŽ ‡”‹–ƒ‰‡ǡ‹

(17) –ƒŽ›ƒ†ˆ”‘–Š‡’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ‹–•’‡ —Ž‹ƒ”’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ† —Ž–—”ƒŽŠ‹•–‘”›ȋ‘” Š”‘‹ Ž‡•ȌǤ. FOLKLORISTS: GOOD FOLK! ˜‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ•–—’Ǧ–‘Ǧ†ƒ–‡ƒ†‹ˆ‘”‡†‘ˆ–‡ƒ Š‡”•™‘—Ž†•—‰‰‡•––‘•–ƒ”– Ž‘‘‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ•™‡”•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‰‹˜‡Ǥ ‡™–‘’‹ •Šƒ˜‡„‡‡–”‡ƒ–‡†•‘‘ˆ–‡ ƒ• –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡Ȁ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‘—’Ž‡ǣ ƒ‘‰•– –Š‡ ‘”‡ ”‡ ‡– ‹• –Š‡ ‡†—”‹‰ ‡ˆˆ‘”– „› –‡’Š‡ Ž„”›• ‡ ƒ”‡ŽŽƒ ȋ ‡ ƒ”‡ŽŽƒ ʹͲͳͳǡ ʹͲͲͻȌ –‘ •‡– —’ ƒ –Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡ˆ‘”ƒDz ”‹–‹ ƒŽdz–—”‹ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•–—†‹‡•ǢŠ‘™‡˜‡”–Š‡ƒ––‡” ‹• ‘’Ž‹ ƒ–‡†„›ƒ–”‹’Ž‡„‹†ǣ–Š‡Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽƒ† —Ž–—”ƒŽ„ƒ ‰”‘—†‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘—–”› ˆ”‘ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹• ’”‘’‘•‡†ǡ –Š‡ ‘‰‘‹‰ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘—”•‡ ƒ†–Š‡Š‘’‡•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒƒŽ›•–Šƒ•ǡ ‘• ‹‘—•Ž›‘”‘–Ǥ —•–ƒ•ƒ›Dz ”‹–‹ ƒŽ”‡•‡ƒ” Šȏ•Š‘—Ž†„‡ȐŽ‘ ƒŽƒ†–‹‡Ž›‹• ‘’‡ǡƒ––—‡† –‘ ‘–‹‰‡ ‹‡• ƒ† ‡š‹‰‡ ‹‡•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡”‡„› ƒ ‘—–ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ •–ƒ†ƒ”†• ‘ˆ Œ—†‰‡–•–Šƒ– ‘””‡•’‘†–‘–Š‘•‡‘ˆ ‘–‡š–”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ—‹˜‡”•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒǦ –‹‘dzǡƒ• ‡ ƒ”‡ŽŽƒ•ƒ›•ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣʹ͸ʹȌǡ–‘”‡ϐŽ‡ –‘‹–ˆ”‘ƒˆ‘”‡” ‘—‹•– 16.

(18) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ‘—–”›‹•”ƒ–Š‡”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––Šƒ†‘‹‰–Š‡•ƒ‡ˆ”‘ƒ‘Ž††‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ž‹‡ –Š‡ǡ‘”–Š‡‹–‡†‹‰†‘ǡ‘”ˆ”‘ƒ ‘—–”›Ž‹‡

(19) –ƒŽ›ǡ™Š‡”‡ǡƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ˆƒ• ‹•– ‡”ƒǡ –Š‡ †”‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ‹ ‡•–‡” ‘—‹•–’ƒ”–›ǡŠƒ•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†–Š‡’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡†‹• ‘˜‡”›ƒ† ˜ƒŽ‘”‹œƒ–‹‘Ǣ –Š‡ ƒ––‡” Šƒ‰‡• ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ‹ˆ ™‡ ‘•‹†‡” ‹– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡‹Ž‹‰ ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘ˆ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ȋŽ‹‡ ‡• ‘Ȍ ‘” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘• ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡”‡†‡ϐ‹‹‰–Š‡‹””‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–Š–Š‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡–‹–‹‡• ȋƒ–ƒŽ—›ƒǡ ‘–Žƒ†ǡ–Š‡‘”–Š‡”

(20) –ƒŽ›ƒ‘‰‘–Š‡”•ȌǤ‘–™‹–Š•–ƒ†‹‰‹–• ‘‰‘‹‰ ’”‡•‡ ‡ ƒ† ‹–• ˜ƒ”‹ƒ„Ž‡ †‡•‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ȋ‹– ‹• •‘‡–‹‡• ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ• ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–Ȁ†‹•‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–ǡ ‘” ƒ†˜‘ ƒ ›Ȁ• Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ǡ ƒ†ǡ ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ǡ ’—„Ž‹ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡Ȁƒ ƒ†‡‹ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡Ȍǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡Ǧ’‘Ž‹–‹ •”‡ƒ‹•ƒ ‘–”‘˜‡”•‹ƒŽ „‹‘‹ƒŽǣ •‘‡ ƒ› –Š‹ ‘ˆ ‹– ƒ• ƒ ‘š›‘”‘ǡ ‘–Š‡”• ƒ• ƒ Š‡†‹ƒ†›•Ǥ —’‹‰ˆ”‘‘‡•–‘‡–‘ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡƒ•‹ ”‘••‹‰ƒ ”‡‡ǡ‘”•—”ϐ‹‰‘ƒ ‹‡šŠƒ—•–‹„Ž‡–Š‡‡ƒ•‹–‹•ǡ

(21) ǯŽŽ–”›–‘‘ˆˆ‡”–Š‡ƒ•™‡”–Šƒ–

(22) ǯ˜‡’‡”•‘ƒŽŽ› ˆ‘—†ǡƒ†‘’–‡†ƒ†”‡’”‘†— ‡†ǡƒ•ƒˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”ƒ†–‡ƒ Š‡”Ǥ

(23) ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—•’ƒ‹”•‘‡–Š‹‰‹•–ƒ‡ˆ‘”‰”ƒ–‡†ǣ–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ „‹”–Š‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•–—†‹‡•Ǣ—–‹Ž–Š‡ϐ‹”•–ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡ʹͲ–Š ‡–—”›ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ‹†ƒ±‰Šǣ –Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡Ϋ™Š‡–Š‡”ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰›‘”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ΫŠƒ•ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽǤ

(24) –‹•‘ƒ ‹†‡–‘ˆŠ‹•–‘”›–Šƒ––Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡™ƒ•„‘”ƒ– –Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ƒ•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•ǡ„‘–Š•‡”˜‹‰–Š‡‹†‡’‡†‡ ‡ ‘ˆ‘’’”‡••‡†ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ˜‡”›‘‡Šƒ•‘™•‹ ‡–Š‡ ”‹•–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡‹• ’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥȋ±‰Šͳͻͻͻǣͷʹ͹Ȍ. Š‡‘ ƒ•‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‹•Š‹‰ŠǦ•‘—†‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–‹•ƒ‹‘”„—–˜‹˜‹††‡„ƒ–‡ –Šƒ–™ƒ•‹‰‹–‡†„›ƒ”‡ƒ”„› ‘‘”ƒ†ȋ‘”ƒ†ͳͻͻͺȌǡ™Š‘”‡’‘”–‡† ƒ‡˜‡–‘ˆ‘’‡Ž›’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘–”‘Ž‘˜‡”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡–‘’‹ •ǣ†—”‹‰ƒ‹–‡”ƒǦ –‹‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡†„›–Š‡—”‹•Š‰‘˜‡”‡–‘Nasreddin Hocaǡ –Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•™Š‹ Š†‹˜‡”‰‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‡ƒǦ –—”‡ƒ•ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽŠ‡”‘ȋŠ‡”•ƒ†

(25) ŽŠƒƒ•‰‘œǮ•Ȍǡ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ‘–‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š –Š‡ ˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡˜ƒ Š‹•– –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† ‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ —”‹•Š ‹†‡–‹–›ǡ Šƒ† „‡‡ϐ‹‡” ‡Ž› ‘–‡•–‡†ƒ†•‹Ž‡ ‡†„›–Š‡ƒ—†‹‡ ‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡”•Ǥ ‘”ƒ†ǡ–Š‡ǡ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ”Š‡–‘”‹ ƒŽ“—‡•–‹‘ǣ‹ˆ–Š‡†‹˜‡”‰‡–”‡ƒ†‹‰•‘ˆ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡‹–‡•ƒ”‡•‘„ƒ†Ž›Š‹†‡”‡†„›Ž‡ƒ†‹‰’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•™Š‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡ ‘ˆϐ‹ ‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ ”‡†‹–‡†ǡˆ‘•–‡”‡†ǡ‘”‡˜‡•‹Ž‡–Ž›ƒ ‡’–‡†ǡ™‘—Ž†–Š‹•‹†‹ ƒ–‡ ‘’Ž‹ ‹–›ǡ ‘ŽŽ—•‹‘‘”ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ǡ‹•‹‰‹ϐ‹ ƒ ‡ǫ Š‡ †‡„ƒ–‡ ™‡– ‘ ȋƒ•‰‘œ ʹͲͲͳȌǡ ƒ† ‡˜‡ ‡ ‘’ƒ••‡† Œ—†‰‡–• ‘–Š‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ’”‘‹‡–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡• Š‘Žƒ”•ǯ™‘”–Šƒ–™‡”‡–‘‘•Šƒ”’Ǣ„—– ™‡ ƒ•–‹ŽŽ ‘•‹†‡”•‘‡‘ˆ±‰Šǯ••–ƒ–‡‡–•ƒ•‡š‡’Žƒ”›‘ˆƒ’”ƒ –‹ ‡Ǧ „ƒ•‡† ‘ ‡’–‹‘ǣ ‹•–‡ƒ† ‘ˆ Dz‡’–› ‡–ƒ†‹• ‘—”•‡ ‘˜‡” •‘‡–Š‹‰ ™‡ ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡Ȃ–Šƒ––Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡‹•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽȋ•— Šƒ•‘”ƒ†ǯ• Žƒ‹ǡ 17.

(26) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ‹±‰Šǯ•˜‹‡™ȌΫˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–••Š‘—Ž†”‡ˆ‡”–‘‰‘‘†‡šƒ’Ž‡•ǡ•— Šƒ• ‡”‹. Žƒ••‹‡ǯ•ƒ†Š‡”‘™ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͷʹͺȌǤ • ˆ‘” Š‡” ‘™ ™‘”ǡ –Š‡ ‹Ž‡•–‘‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ Folktales and Society ȋͳͻ͸ͲȌǡ‹•’”‘’‘•‡†ƒ•‡š‡’Ž‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹—„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ†‡’‹ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘–‡š–ȋDz–Š‡„‹‰‰‡”’‹ –—”‡dzȌƒ†–Š‡ƒ Ǧ —”ƒ ›‘ˆƒ”‡•’‡ –ˆ—Žƒ––‹–—†‡™Š‡‰‡––‹‰ Ž‘•‡”–‘–Š‡‡–Š‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ϐ‹‡Ž†ǡ ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ™Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–• Dzƒ”‡ †‘‹‰ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‹ ƒ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ ‘—–”›dzǣ –Š‡ Dz‹–‹•‹•‰—‹†‡†ȏǥȐ–‘‰‡–‹–‘’‘Ž‹–‹ •ƒ†„‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰–Š‡‹” ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‘’‹‹‘•dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣͷʹ͹ȌǤ‘”‡‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ› ϐ‹‡Ž†™‘”‡”• ƒ”‡ ‘– ‡†— ƒ–‘”•ǡ ‘– •ƒ˜‹‘”•ǡ ‘– ‹••‹‘ƒ”‹‡•ǡ ‘– ’‘Ž‹–‹Ǧ ‹ƒ•ǤŠ‡›ƒ”‡‘„•‡”˜‡”•ǤŠ‡›—•–ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ••–—†‡–•‘ˆ —Ž–—”‡ƒ†‰‹˜‡ —’–Š‡‹”‘™’‡”•‘ƒŽ‘’‹‹‘•ƒ†‡–Š‹ ’”‡Œ—†‹ ‡•Ǥ†–Š‡›—•–ƒ ‡’– ƒ†Ž‘‘ƒ–™Šƒ––Š‡›•‡‡ƒ•–Š‡•–ƒ–—•“—‘ǤŠ‡› ƒ‘–‡ ‘–”‘˜‡”•‹‡•ǡ„—– –Š‡› ƒ‘–‹˜‘Ž˜‡–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǤŠ‡›—•– ‘ŽŽ‡ –ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”„—––Š‡›—•– ‡˜‡”‹–‡”ˆ‡”‡ǤŠ‡›•Š‘—Ž†‡˜‡”†‹•ƒ‰”‡‡‘”†‹• —•••‹–—ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†˜‡”•‡Ž›Ǥ ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͷʹͺȌ.

(27)  ‡‰Šǯ• ‡›‡•ǡ ‡”‹ Žƒ••‹‡ǯ• ™‘” †‡•‡”˜‡• ƒ ‡–‹‘ ƒ• DzŠ‡ ƒ‡• ˆ”‹‡†• ™‹–Š ‡˜‡”›„‘†›Ǥ † Š‡ ’”‘†— ‡• •—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ „‘‘• ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡† „› –Š‡ ‘—–”‹‡•Ȃ‹ Ž—†‹‰—”‡›Ȃ–Šƒ–ˆ‡‡ŽŠ‘‘”‡†ˆ‘”Šƒ˜‹‰–Š‡‹”ˆ‘Žƒ”– ‹–”‘†— ‡†–‘–Š‡™‘”Ž†„›Š‹dzȋ‹„‹†ǤȌǤ

(28) †‡‡†ǡ ‡”› Žƒ••‹‡‹•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆƒ–‹‰Š–”‘’‡™ƒŽ‡”ǣDzƒ••‹‰–Š‡–‹‡‹ƒŽŽ›‡‘‡dzȋ Žƒ••‹‡ͳͻͺʹȌ‹• ƒ ‘—‡–ƒŽ “—ƒ•‹Ǧ‘‘‰”ƒ’Š› ’”‘†— ‡† ƒˆ–‡” ”‡’‡ƒ–‡† ƒ† ’”‘Ž‘‰‡† ϐ‹‡Ž†™‘”‹ƒŽ•–‡” ‘—–›ǡ‘•–Ž›‹–Š‡ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡ™Š‡—”„ƒŽ•–‡”™ƒ• •‡– ƒ„Žƒœ‡ „› –Š‡ ‡—’Š‡‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ› Žƒ„‡Ž‡† Dz–”‘—„Ž‡•dzǤ Žƒ••‹‡ ‡šƒ‹‡• –Š‡ ”—”ƒŽ–‡š–—”‡‘ˆŽ•–‡”ǡƒ•ƒ„‡Ž‹‡˜‡”‹ƒ†‹ƒŽ‘‰‹ ƒ† ‘•–”— –‹˜‹•– ‘ ‡’Ǧ –‹‘‘ˆ‡–Š‘‰”ƒ’Š›ǤŠ‡”‡™‡”‡‘‘„Œ‡ –•–‘†‹‰ˆ‘”ǡ„—–ƒ•‘ ‹ƒŽ”‡ƒŽ‹–›–‘ „”‹‰–‘ ‘ƒŽ‡• ‡ ‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ‘—‹–›ǡƒ†ǡ‘”‡‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡˆ‘” DzƒŽŽ›‡‘‡ǯ•’‡‘’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ȏ™Š‘Ȑ™‹ŽŽϐ‹†ȏ‹Š‹•„‘‘Ȑ–Š‡–‡š–• –Š‡›™‹ŽŽ‡‡†–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡‹”’Žƒ ‡ǡ–Š‡–‡š–•–Š‡›™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡‰ƒ–Š‡”‡† –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Šƒ†–Š‡›‰‘––‡–Š‡ Šƒ ‡–Šƒ–ȏŠ‡Ȑ†‹†dzȋ Žƒ••‹‡ͳͻͺʹǣš‹‹‹ȌǤ ‡”› Žƒ••‹‡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›•’‡Ž–‘—–Ȃ‹–Š‡’”‡ˆƒ ‡–‘–Š‡ϐ‹ƒŽ„‘‘’—„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ͳͻͺʹ Ȃ –Š‡ †‘—„Ž‡ ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–ǡ ™Š‘ ‹• ‹†‡„–‡† ƒ• — Š –‘ • Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ƒ•–‘–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡‘ˆ•‘ ‹‡–›ǣ  Š‘Žƒ”• ƒ”‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǡ ‹ †‡„– –‘ –Š‡‹” •‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ —” •–—†› —•– ’—•Š „‡›‘† –Š‹‰•–‘‡ƒ‹‰•ǡƒ†‰”‘’‡–Š”‘—‰Š‡ƒ‹‰•–‘˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ–—†›—•–”‹•‡ –‘’‡”’Ž‡šƒ†–‘•–ƒ†–‘„‡ ‘‡’ƒ”–‘ˆƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ‡†‡ƒ˜‘”Ǥ‡•–—†›‘–Š‡”• •‘ –Š‡‹” Š—ƒ‹–› ™‹ŽŽ „”‹‰ ‘—” ‘™ ‹–‘ ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡ •‘ –Š‡ ˆ—–—”‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ „‡––‡”–Šƒ––Š‡’ƒ•–ǤŠ‡‘–Š‡”•

(29) •–—†‹‡†ƒ† Š‘‘•‡–‘†‡• ”‹„‡–‘›‘—†‘‘– ‘ —’›•‘‡‹•–›‹•Žƒ†ˆ”‘†‹•–ƒ–†ƒ›•ǤŠ‡›Ž‹˜‡‹ƒŠƒ”† ‘”‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ •ƒ‡™‘”Ž†›‘—ƒ†

(30) ‹Šƒ„‹–Ǥ‘‡›‹•• ƒ” ‡–Š‡”‡ǡ™‘”‹• ‡ƒ•‡Ž‡••ǤŠ‡‹” 18.

(31) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. •‹‡• ”ƒ ™‹–Š•–‘”•ƒ†’‘—†™‹–Š„‘„•ǤŽ•–‡”ǤŠ‡•ƒ ”‡†Š‡ƒ”–‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‘—‹–›Šƒ•„‡‡•’Ž‹–„›’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ–‡””‘”Ǥ‡•’‹–‡‹–ƒŽŽǡ–Š‡›”‡ƒ‹ ‰‘‘†’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ‡Šƒ˜‡— Š–‘Ž‡ƒ”ˆ”‘–Š‡Ǥȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣš‹˜Ȍ. Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ƒ› †‡ϐ‹‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹ • Š‡”‡ǣ ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ȋƒ† ‰‡‡”‹ Ȍ ‡Ǧ Šƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ ‘• ‹‡ ‡ǡƒ•‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ‡š‡’Žƒ”›˜ƒŽ—‡•ǡ–Š‡•ƒŽ˜ƒ‰‹‰‘ˆƒ Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡’—–ƒ–”‹•„›‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ǡƒ†–Š‡’‘••‹„Ž‡’”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆƒ‡™ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹†‡–‹–›ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‘”–Š ‘‹‰‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‡”› Žƒ••‹‡ǯ• ™‘” ‹• ‡–‡”‡† ‘ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• †‹ Š‘–‘› ™Š‹ Šǡ ‹ –Š‘•‡ ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ™ƒ• •›‘›‘—• ™‹–Š Ž•–‡”ǡ „—– –‘ ’”‘˜‡ –Šƒ– •‡‡ ƒ– –Š‡ Ž‘•‡•– ’‘••‹„Ž‡ †‹•–ƒ ‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™‡”‡ ‘– †‹˜‹†‡†Ǥ — Š ‘ˆ Š‹• ‡ˆˆ‘”– –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ‹•–‘ˆ”‡‡”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡‰—‹Ž–‘ˆ•‘— Š˜‹‘Ž‡ ‡ȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ ͵ͲʹȌǡ–‘ƒ„•‘Ž˜‡–Š‡Ž‘ ƒŽ’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ†–Š‡‹””‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘ˆ‡••‹‘•ˆ”‘ƒ› ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ȋDz”‘–‡•–ƒ–•ƒ†ƒ–Š‘Ž‹ •†‘‘–Šƒ˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–˜‡”•‹‘•‘ˆ Š‹•–‘”›ǤŠ‡›Šƒ˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–Š‹•–‘”‹‡•dzǡͳͷ͵Ȍƒ†–‘Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š––Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ–‡š–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‘ ƒŽ ‘—‹–›ǣ ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡”‘—„Ž‡•ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‹’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–›ǡ‡‹‰Š„‘”Ž›ƒ Ǧ ‘”† ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž•Ǥ ‡‡’ ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ”‡ ‘˜‡”ƒ” Š‡† ‹ ”‡ƒŽ ‘–ƒ –Ǥ ‘”ƒŽ ‘†— –‹•ˆ”ƒ‡†–Šƒ–”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•ǡ–Š‡Š‘Ž†•–Š‡ƒ’ƒ”– ™Š‹Ž‡Ž‹ˆ‡‰‘‡•‘Ǥƒ›Ž‹‰Š–†‡ƒŽ‹‰•”‡ƒ‹ ‘”†‹ƒŽǤŠ‘—‰Š–‹‰Š–‡‹‰ǡ ‡‹Ž‹• ȏ–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ™ƒ‡‹‰•ȐŠƒ˜‡‘– ‘–”ƒ –‡†‹–‘’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’—”‹–›Ǥ‘›ƒŽ–› –‘–Š‡‹”‘™•‹†‡†‘‡•‘– ‘’‡Ž’‡‘’Ž‡‹–‘†‹•Ž‘›ƒŽ–›–‘–Š‡‹”‡‹‰Š„‘”•Ǥ ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͳͷʹȌ. ‡‹‰Š„‘”Ž‹‡•• ‹• –Š‡ ‘”‡ ‘ ‡’–Ǣ ceilis ‹• –Š‡ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ –Šƒ– ˆ‡‡†•–Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ƒ††‹• ‘—”•‡‘ˆ„‡Ž‘‰‹‰ǡmethal ‹•–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘–Šƒ– ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡•–‘‡˜‡”›„‘†›ƒ‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡™‘”‹ ƒ•‡‘ˆ‡‡”Ǧ ‰‡ ›Ǣƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǡ–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ—•‡‘ˆ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘ǡ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‹•ǡ–Š‡ ‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ’”‡•Ǧ ‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‹–‹•Šƒ”‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒ‘‰•––Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽ ƒ—•‡•–Šƒ––Š”‡ƒ–‡–Š‡ Ž‘ ƒŽ ‘—‹–› ƒ† ’—– –Š‡ ˆ—–—”‡ ƒŽŽ›‡‘‡ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘• ‹ –Š‡ ”‹•› ‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆ„‡‹‰‘„Ž‹‰‡†–‘”‡ƒ†ƒ„‘—––Š‡ǡ‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆϐ‹†‹‰–Š‹••‘ ‹ƒŽ •›•–‡•–‹ŽŽˆ— –‹‘‹‰ǤDz‡‹‰Š„‘”Ž‹‡••‹•ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘ ‡’–dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣʹͻʹȌǤ ‡”› Žƒ••‹‡ǯ•ƒ•–‡”’‹‡ ‡•Š‘™•Š‘™’‘Ž‹–‹ •‹•‡˜‡”’”‡•‡–ǡ•’”‘—–‹‰ —’ˆ”‘–Š‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆŽ‘ ƒŽ•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”ƒ –‹ ‡•™‹–Š‘—––Š‡Ž‡•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡”ƒ††‹•–ƒ–’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽˆƒ –‹‘•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡Dz‹’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–›dz ‘ˆ–Š‡Ž•–‡” ‘ϐŽ‹ – ƒŠƒ”†Ž›„‡”‡†— ‡†–‘–Š‡•Šƒ”’†‹•–‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡ –Š‡‰‘‘†ȋ–Š‡Ž‘ ƒŽ ‘—‹–›Ȍƒ†–Š‡„ƒ†ȋ–Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•ȌǣDz

(32) †‘‘– ‘™‡Žˆƒ•–ǡ„—–

(33) ‘™ƒŽŽ›‡‘‡dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣ͵ͲͲȌǤ

(34) ™‘†‡”‹ˆ‹–•—ˆϐ‹ ‡• –Šƒ– ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰› •–‘’• ƒ– ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ •‡ ‘†ǡ ƒ† †‘‡• ‘– ƒ‹ ƒŽ•‘ –‘ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡ϐ‹”•–Ǥƒ†‰—›••Š‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡”‡•‘‡™Š‡”‡Ǣ–Š‡Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡–Šƒ– ‡™Ž•–‡”‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘•Šƒ˜‡–‘†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š ƒ‘–•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡–Š‡‰”‡‡Š‹ŽŽ•‘ˆ 19.

(35) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ƒŽŽ›‡‘‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‰”‡›”‘‘ˆ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒœ‡ǡ–Š‡’”‹•‘‘ˆ‘‰‡•Šȋ ”ƒŠƒ ƒ† ‘™‡ŽŽʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ

(36) •ǯ–•— Šƒ‡ —‡‹ ƒŽ˜‹‡™ƒ™ƒ›‘ˆŽ‘ ƒ–‹‰’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‘—–•‹†‡ ‘ˆ ‹–• ’”‘’‡” ϐ‹‡Ž†ǫ ‡”‡ǯ– –Š‡”‡ Ȃ Ž‡–ǯ• ƒŽ•‘ ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ –‹‡• Ϋ •‘‡—ƒ ‡•‘ˆˆ‘Ž ‘—‹–›Šƒ”‘‹ ˜‹‡™•ǡ•‘‡ ”—„•‘ˆ‘•–ƒŽ‰‹ƒ ˆ‘” ƒ ” ƒ†‹ƒ Dz‘”‹‰‹ƒŽdz ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡ǫ ƒ›„‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ • —•– „‡ ‹–‡” ‡’–‡† ƒ– –Š‡’”‘’‡”Ž‡˜‡Žǣ–‘‘ˆƒ”ƒ™ƒ›ǡƒ†‹–™‹ŽŽƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›‡ ‘’ƒ••‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰ǡ –‘‘ Ž‘•‡ǡƒ†‹–™‹ŽŽ†‹•ƒ’’‡ƒ”‘”ˆƒ†‡‹–‘‰‡‡”‹  ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•ȋ’‘™‡”ǡ ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‹•ǡ‡–Š‹ •ǥȌǤŠ‡‡ ‘—–‡”„‡–™‡‡–Š‡• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›’”ƒ –‹ ‡ƒ†–Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽϐ‹‡Ž†ǡ•‘‡–‹‡•ǡŠƒ’’‡•™Š‡Š‹•–‘”›Ȃƒ†ǡ ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹Ǧ ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••‡•Ϋ‹•Žƒ ‹‰Ǥ. TELLING THE TRUTH Š‹• •’‡ ‹ϐ‹  ƒ”‰—‡– Ž‡ƒ†• ‡ –‘ ’ƒ› Š‘ƒ‰‡ –‘ —Œƒ ‹Š–ƒǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡Ǧˆ‘—†‡”• ‘ˆ ‘†‡” ”‘ƒ–‹ƒ ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ™Š‘

(37)  ‡– ƒ† „‡ ƒ‡ ˆ”‹‡†Ž› ™‹–Š ™Š‹Ž‡

(38)  ™ƒ• ƒ •–—†‡– ‹ ‹‡ƒǡ ™Š‡”‡ ‹‡–”‘ Ž‡‡–‡ Ȃ › ’”‘ˆ‡••‘” ‘ˆ Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ ’‘’—Žƒ” –”ƒ†‹–‹‘• Ϋ ‹˜‹–‡† Š‡” ”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ͳͻͻͲ• ‘™ƒ”†•Ǥ Š‘—‰Š ‘•– ‘ˆ —Œƒ ‹Š–ƒ —‰—æ–‹ǯ• ™‘”• ™‘—Ž† ”‡ƒ‹ Ž‘•‡† –‘ ‡ ˆ‘” Ž‹‰—‹•–‹  ”‡ƒ•‘•ǡ Š‡” ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ™‹–Š ‹‡ƒǯ• ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ• Š‘‘Ž™ƒ••‘•’‡ ‹ƒŽȂƒ†—Œƒǯ••’‡‡ Š•‘‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ ‹Š‡””‘ƒ–‹ƒƒ†‹––‡Ž‡”‡—”‘’‡ƒ• ‡–‡†

(39) –ƒŽ‹ƒȂ–Šƒ–‹ ‹‡ƒ™‡ƒŽŽ ˆ‡Ž– ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ” ™‹–Š Š‡” •–—†‹‡•Ǥ

(40)  ‘™‡ –‘ Š‡”ǡ ˆ‘” ‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ –Š‡ •—‰‰‡•–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ—•‹‰‡”ǯ••‡‹ƒŽ™‘”•Ǣ™‡†‹• —••‡†Š‡”ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•ƒˆˆ‡ –Ǧ ‹‰™‘‡ǯ•†ƒ›‹ƒ Šƒ‰‹‰‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡Ǣ

(41) •–‹ŽŽ”‡‡„‡”Š‘™™‡ ˆ‡Ž–•—”’”‹•‡†„›Š‡”•‡•‹–‹˜‹–›–‘–Š‡‹†‡–‹–›‡‡†•‘ˆ–Š‡”‘ƒ–‹ƒƒ–‹‘ǣ ™‡ǡ–Š‡ȋ–Š‡Ȍ›‘—‰

(42) –ƒŽ‹ƒ ‘—‹•–‘”Ž‡ˆ–Ǧ‘”‹‡–‡†•–—†‡–•ǡ‘„Ž‹‰‡†„› Š‡”’‡”•‘ƒŽŠ‹•–‘”›–‘ˆƒ ‡–Š‡‰”‘™‹‰™ƒ˜‡‘ˆ‹†‡–‹–ƒ”‹ƒ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•Ǥ

(43) ‘—” Ž‹––Ž‡ ‘—–”›ǡ–Š‡‹†‡–‹–ƒ”‹ƒ–—”‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ••–‹ŽŽ•‘—†‡†Ž‹‡ƒ„”ƒ‰‰ƒ”–ǯ• Žƒ‹ǡ—Œƒ‹Š–ƒǦ—‰—æ–‹ǯ•Ž‡ –—”‡•ˆ‘” ‡†—•–‘–ƒ‡‹–•‡”‹‘—•Ž›ǤŠ‡

(44) ˜‹•‹–‡†ƒ‰”‡„ǡ‹–Š‡‡ƒ”Ž›•’”‹‰‘ˆͳͻͻʹǡ

(45) Ž‡ƒ”–ǡˆ”‘—Œƒƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ• ˆ”‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘–Š‡” ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰”‡„

(46) •–‹–—–‡‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ǡŠ‘™Šƒ”† ‹–ƒ›„‡–‘ ‘–‹—‡™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡••‘•‘ˆŠ‹•–‘”›ƒ•’‡”•‘•ǡƒ• ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ† ƒ•• Š‘Žƒ”•ƒ•™‡ŽŽǤ†Š‘™ƒ›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆƒ ‡•Ȃ‘”ƒ••Ϋƒ›„‡ƒ•Ǧ •—‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•‹†‡‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡Ǥƒ” Šʹʹ †ʹͲͲͲǡ—Œƒ ‹Š–ƒǦ—‰—æ–‹ǡ†—”‹‰Š‡”Žƒ•–˜‹•‹––‘‹‡ƒǡ•—‡†—’Š‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ƒ•‡–Š‘Ž‘‰‹•–™‹–Š–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‘ƒ‹‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰™ƒ›ǣ

(47) ›ˆƒ‹Ž›ǡƒ•

(48) ”‡‡„‡”ˆ”‘› Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†ǡ™‡ƒŽ™ƒ›•—•‡†–‘–ƒŽƒ„‘—– ’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ

(49) –™ƒ•ƒ„‘—”‰‡‘‹•ˆƒ‹Ž›ǡ‘–‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǡ „—–‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹ ‹–ǡ—–‹Ž™Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ •‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›‰‘–‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹—•ǣ–Š‡™ƒ” ƒ‡ƒ†ƒ–ƒ ‰‹˜‡‘‡–†—”‹‰‘”Ž†ƒ”

(50)

(51) ǡ•‡˜‡ ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ›‰”ƒ†ˆƒ–Š‡”ǯ• 20.

(52) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ˆƒ‹Ž›™‡”‡‹–‡”‡‡•ƒ––Š‡‹•‹‡”ƒ†‹ƒƒ„„ƒǡ‹”‹‡•–‡ȋ–Š‡’”‹•‘–Šƒ– •‡”˜‡†ƒ•ƒ•–ƒ”–‹‰’‘‹–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ’•ȌǤ‘’‘Ž‹–‹ •™ƒ•†‡ƒŽǦ ‹‰™‹–Š—•ǤŠ‡ǡƒˆ–‡”’”‹•‘ǡ™‡–‘‘’ƒ”–‹–Š‡ϐ‹‰Š–ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ˆƒ• ‹•ΫŠ‡”‡ ƒ‰ƒ‹ ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ™‹–Š‹ ‘—” Ž‹˜‡•Ǥ ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ™ƒ”ǡ ’‡ƒ ‡Ǥ

(53)  „‡‰ƒ –‘ •–—†› ƒ‰ƒ‹ ƒ† Š‘•‡‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ

(54) ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡ›‘—‘™ǡ‘–‡˜‡–Š‡ϐ‹”•–Ž‡––‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ ™‘”†Dz’‘Ž‹–‹ •dz ‘—Ž†„‡’”‘‘— ‡†ǨȏǥȐ”‘ƒ–‹ƒ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ•ƒ›‘–Š‡” ƒ•–‡”—”‘’‡‡–Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•‹–Š‘•‡–‹‡•ǡ†‹†ǯ––”‡ƒ–’‘Ž‹–‹ •ˆ‘”ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––™‘ ”‡ƒ•‘•ǣϐ‹”•–ǡƒ• ‹‡–‹•–Šƒ•–‘Šƒ˜‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹–‡‰”‹–›ǡ„—––Š‡• ‹‡–‹•–ǯ•’‘Ž‹–‹Ǧ ƒŽ‹†‡ƒ• ‘—Ž†‘–‰‡–‹š‡†—’™‹–Š• ‹‡–‹ϐ‹ ™‘”Ǣ–Š‡•‡ ‘†”‡ƒ•‘‹•–Šƒ– ›’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡ͷͲ•‘”͸Ͳ•Ȃƒ†‡˜‡„‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ•‹ ‡–Š‡ͶͲ•ȏǥȐˆ‡ƒ”‡†–Šƒ– ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‘—Ž†‡š‡”–’”‡••—”‡•‘‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›Ȃƒ†‹†‡‡†‹–Š‡‘˜‹‡–‹‘ –Š‡”‡Šƒ†„‡‡ƒ†‡„ƒ–‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ƒ„‘Ž‹–‹‘‘ˆ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ–Š‡‘”›ȏǥȐ•‘–Šƒ– ”‘ƒ–‹ƒ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›†‹†ǯ––ƒ‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ”‡ƒ•‘‹‰‹–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ȏǥȐǤ—”Ǧ ‹‰–Š‡ͳͻͻͲ•ǡ™Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ •ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ”–‡†–‘„‡‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹‹–• ‹–‹œ‡•ǡ

(55) •ƒ‹† Dz•–‘’ǣ‘™

(56) ǯ‰‘‹‰–‘‹–‡”’”‡–dzǨ†‘‘‡Šƒ†ǡ–‘‹–‡”’”‡––Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •›„‘Ž‘‰›‘”’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‡˜‡–•Šƒ’’‡‹‰ƒ”‘—†‡ǡŠ‡Ž’‡†‡–‘—†‡”•–ƒ† ™Šƒ–™ƒ•‰‘‹‰‘ǡƒ†‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”ǡ‹–Š‡Ž’‡†‡–‘‘„–ƒ‹–Šƒ–‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ‹–‡‰”‹–›–Šƒ–™ƒ•–Š‡†”‡ƒ‘ˆ‘—”ƒ ‡•–‘”•Ǥȋ›–”ƒ• ”‹’–‹‘ǡ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ†‡š ‡”’–ˆ”‘ƒ‹–‡‰”ƒŽ˜‹†‡‘”‡ ‘”†‹‰ǡ‹–ŠƒǦ—‰—æ–‹ǡʹͲͲͲȌ. —Œƒ ‹Š–ƒ —‰—æ–‹ǯ• –Š‘—‰Š– ƒ› „‡ ‡˜‡ „‡––‡” —†‡”•–‘‘† ‹ Š‡” ‘™™”‹––‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ–Šƒ•–‘–Š‡’‘•–Š—‘—•‡••ƒ› ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘–Šƒ– ƒ•ƒ,ƒ’‘~‡‰ƒ«‡†‹–‡†‹ʹͲͲͶȋ‹Š–ƒǦ—‰—æ–‹ʹͲͲͶȌǤƒ›–Š”‡ƒ†• –Š‡”‡ ‘—Ž†„‡’‡”–‹‡––‘–Š‡ʹͲͳͷƒ‰”‡„’ƒ‡Žǣ•–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡ ”‹–‹ • –‘–Š‡†‹˜‹†‡„‡–™‡‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ǡ‘”‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ†ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰› Ȃ–Šƒ–‹•‘ Ž‘‰‡”ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ––Š‡’”‡•‡–Ǧ–‹‡ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͳʹͳȌƒ†–Šƒ–ǡˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ–Š‡ ƒ‰”‡„ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•‡‡‡†–‘ ‘ϐ‹”Ǥ ‡Ǧ–Š‹‹‰ –Š‡ †‹•–ƒ ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰› ˆ”‘ ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǡ —Œƒ ‹Š–ƒ —‰—æ–‹ ‘’ƒ”‡† –™‘ ’‘•‹–‹‘•ǣ ‡—–”ƒŽ‹–› ȋ†‹•–ƒ ‹‰ ƒ† ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‹•–Ȍ ƒ† ”‹–‹ ‹• ȋ•—„Œ‡ –‹˜‹•– ƒ† ‹Ž‹–ƒ–Ȍǡ ƒ‡Ž› ‘› ǯ†”ƒ†‡ ˜•Ǥ ƒ ›  Š‡’‡”Ǧ —‰—‡•ȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͷͳȂͷͶȌǡ™Š‘”‡ƒ Šƒϐ‹ƒŽƒ†’”‡ ‹•‡’‘•‹–‹‘ǣDzƒŽŽ ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰”‘ƒ–‹ƒ‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ƒ‘Ž‘‰‡”ƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ –Š‡–Š‹”†‹ŽŽ‡‹— Ž‘•‡‹–•‡›‡•–‘–Š‡ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ’‘™‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•dzȋ‹„‹†ǤǣͷͷȌǤ Š‹•‹•ƒ‘–Š‡”–—”ǡ‹–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǣ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ƒ•’‘™‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ•ƒƒ––‡”‘ˆˆƒ –ˆ‘”•‘ ‹ƒŽ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ƒ†ˆ‘” —Ž–—”ƒŽ‡š’”‡••‹‘•Ǣ’‘™‡” ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‡‡–Š‘Ž‘‰‹•–™‹–Šƒ‡™–ƒ•‘ˆDz–‡ŽŽ‹‰–Š‡’‘™‡”ˆ—Ž–Š‡ –”—–Š–‘–Š‡‹”ˆƒ ‡•dzȋ‹„‹†Ǥǣͷ͸ȌǢ™‡ƒ”‡ˆƒ”ˆ”‘–Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ƒ••‘‡ ƒ––‡”Ž›‹‰•‘‡™Š‡”‡ǡ–‘™Š‹ Š™‡ŽŽǦ–”ƒ‹‡†• Š‘Žƒ”•ƒ›‰‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ† ƒ›”‡ƒ†‡‹–Š‡”’”‘‘” ‘–”ƒ–Š‡‹–‡”‡•–•‘”–Š‡†‹• ‘—”•‡•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ‡ƒ†Ǧ ‡”•Ǥ‡‹–Š‡”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡‘”‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›ƒ›„‡–Š‘—‰Š–‘ˆ™‹–Š‘—–„‡‹‰ˆ”ƒ‡† ‹ƒ™‹†‡”’‘™‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’Ǥˆ–‡”–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›Ž‡••‘•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ•–†‡ ƒ†‡•‘ˆ –Š‡–™‡–‹‡–Š ‡–—”›ǡ™Š‹ Š—Œƒ‹Š–ƒǦ—‰—æ–‹•›–Š‡–‹œ‡•‹Š‡”Žƒ•– ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘•ǡ™‹–Š‘—–™ƒ–‹‰–‘•‘—††‹•”‡•’‡ –ˆ—Žǡ

(57) ™‘—Ž†ƒ‹–ƒ‹–Šƒ–‹• ‘–’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘’”‘’‡”Ž›—†‡”•–ƒ†ƒŽŽ›‡‘‡™‹–Š‘—– ‘’”‡Š‡†‹‰ 21.

(58) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ‡Žˆƒ•–Ǥ‘–ƒ›Ž‘‰‡”ǡ‹ˆ‡˜‡”ǤŠ‡ Š‘‹ ‡„‡–™‡‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–‘”ƒ †‹•–ƒ–”‡•’‡ –ˆ—Žƒ––‹–—†‡ǡ–Šƒ–‹†ƒ±‰ŠŽ‘ ƒ–‡†ƒ––Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–•ǯ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡŠƒ•†‡‡’‡””‘‘–•ǣ’‘Ž‹–‹ •‹•–Š‡†‘ƒ‹™Š‡”‡–Š‡’‘™‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘• –Šƒ–‰ƒ˜‡„‹”–Š–‘ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ƒ•ƒ•’‡ ‹ϐ‹  —Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†— –ȋ–Š‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›•—„Ǧ •–ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ–‹‘•Ȍǡˆ—•‡ƒ†‹–‡”ƒ –‡†Ž‡••Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡•ƒ‡ˆ‘” ‡•–Šƒ–‘”‹Ǧ ‡–ǡ•—‰‰‡•–ǡ‹ϐŽ—‡ ‡ƒ††‡ ‹†‡‘–Š‡‡˜‡”›†ƒ›Ž‹ˆ‡ȋƒ†–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡Ȍǡϐ‹”•–ǡ ‘ˆDzˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡„‡ƒ”‡”•dzǡ–Š‡‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ ‘•—‡”•ǡƒ†–‘†ƒ›ǡ‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡Š‡‹”•Ǥ Š‡ƒ‹“—‡•–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†„‡ǡ–Š‡ǡ‘–Dz‹ˆdzˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•–—†‹‡•ƒ›„‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ǡ„—–Š‘™Šƒ˜‡™‡Ϋ–Š‡†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”› ‘‘•‡•‡Ϋƒ ‡’–‡†–Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ–Šƒ––Š‡›ƒ›‘–„‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ǤŠ‹•‹•–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘–Šƒ–Šƒ—–• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ • Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’•ǡ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ƒ› ‡‡”‰‹‰ ϐ‹‡Ž†• ‘ˆ ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ†™Š‹ Š™‡Šƒ˜‡‹Š‡”‹–‡†—–‘— Š‡†–‘†ƒ›Ǥ. NEEDLESS TO SAY; USEFUL TO STRESS ‘™†‹†‹–Šƒ’’‡–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•—”˜‹˜‡†ƒ†‡˜‡ϐŽ‘—”‹•Š‡†ˆ”‡‡ˆ”‘ȋ‘” †‡’”‹˜‡†‘ˆȌ‹–•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘–‡–ǫ‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ•™‡”ƒ› „‡ˆ‘—†‹ –Š‡‘”‹‰‹•Ǥ”‹–‹‰‘–Š‡Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ

(59) –ƒŽ‹ƒˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡• Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ǡŽ„‡”–‘Ǥ ‹”‡•‡ȋ‹”‡•‡ͳͻ͹ͳǡͳͻ͹ͶȌ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†•‘‡’”‡‹•‡•ǣ–Š‡‡†—”‹‰ƒ––‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–‘–Š‡–Š‘—‰Š–•ǡ™‘”†•ǡ†‡‡†•ƒ†‘‹••‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ ˆ‘Žǡ™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹‘ˆ‡˜ƒ‰‡Ž‹œ‹‰ƒ†™ƒ”†‹‰‘ˆˆ–Š‡†‡˜‹Ž‹•Šƒ†Š‡”‡•›Ǣ –Š‡’ƒ••‹‘ˆ‘”Š‹•–‘”›‘ˆ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ•–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†”‡ƒ†–Š‡‹” ‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› ’‡ƒ•ƒ–• ƒ• –Š‡ „‡ƒ”‡”• ‘ˆ ”—„• ‘ˆ ‰Ž‘”‹‘—• ’ƒ•– Š‹•–‘”›ǡ †‡•–‹‡† –‘ „‡ –Š‡ •‡‡†• ‘ˆ ƒ ˆ—–—”‡ ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ‹ ‡‡† ‘ˆ ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡› ”—Ž‡ ȋ–Š‡ questionnaire ‘ˆ –Š‡ Académie Celtiqu‡ ƒ• ƒ —ŽǦ –—”ƒŽ ‡•—•‹–Š‡ˆ‡™›‡ƒ”•‘ˆƒ’‘Ž‡‘‹ ’‘™‡”ȌǤŠ‡ ——Žƒ–‹‰Š‹•–‘”› ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦ’”‘‘–‡† ƒ† •‡ŽˆǦ ‡–‡”‡† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ ƒ––‡–‹‘ǡ •–ƒ”–• ™‹–Š ‹ ‘ŽÖ ‘ƒ•‡‘Ȃƒ‘–Š‡”ƒ„”‹†‰‹‰–Š‡–™‘•‹†‡•‘ˆ–Š‡†”‹ƒ–‹ •‡ƒǤ ‡”‡ ±‰Šǯ•ƒ”‰—‡–‘ˆ–Š‡–™‹„‹”–Š‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒ†ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡‹• ‘ϐ‹”‡†ǡ–Š‘—‰Š ‘– ’‡”ˆ‡ –Ž› ƒ†Š‡”‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡••ǣ –Š‡ •–—†› ‘ˆ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ ‹• ƒ ’”‡‹•‡ǡ‘”‡–Šƒƒ‡ˆˆ‡ –ǡ‘ˆƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ„‹”–ŠǤˆ ‘—”•‡ǡƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•‹•–Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ† —Ž–—”ƒŽŠ——•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–Š‡‡ ‘‘‹ ‡ƒ”Š‘”‹œ‘Ǥ—––Š‡ ϐ‹”•–‘˜‡•–‘™ƒ”†–Š‡ˆ‘Ž’”‡ ‡†‡–Š‡„‹”–Š‘ˆ–Š‡

(60) –ƒŽ‹ƒƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘‰•– —• ƒ‘—–ƒ‹†™‡ŽŽ‡”•ǡ‹ͳͺ͵ʹǡ‘ƒ•‡‘ˆ‘—†ƒŽ‹˜‹‰ƒ†’—”‡•’”‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ

(61) –ƒŽ‹ƒ ƒ”–‹•–‹  ˜‡‹ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ƒ ‡†—”‹‰ —Ž–—”ƒŽ –”ƒ‹–ǡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ƒ› ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ Žƒ‹Ǥ—‰ƒ••‘‰•ǡŽ‹•–‡‡†–‘ƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ƒ•’‘‡–”›ǡ–Š‡ —• ƒ˜‘‹ ‡• Œ‘‹‡†ƒŽŽ–Š‡‘–Š‡”‹””‡†‡–‹•–”‡‰‹‘•ǣDzƒ–‹’‘’‘Žƒ”‹–‘• ƒ‹ǡ‰”‡ ‹ǡ‹ŽŽ‹”‹ ‹‡ ‘”•‹dzǡ–Šƒ–ǯ•–Š‡–‹–Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ϐ‹”•–

(62) –ƒŽ‹ƒˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•ȋͳͺͶͳȂͶʹȌǤˆ–‡” Š‹ǡƒ›‘–Š‡”•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†ǡƒ†•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ΫŽ‹‡ ‹—•‡’’‡‹‰”‹Ϋ•–ƒ”–‡† –‘ ˜‘‹ ‡ –Š‡ ‡‡† ‘ˆ •‡Ž‡ –‹‰ –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ –‘ Ž‹•–‡ –‘ǡ ƒ† ‘ˆ ‘—”•‡ –Š‡‹” —Ž–—”ƒŽ’”‘†— –•ƒ†˜‘‹ ‡•ǡ•‘ƒ•–‘‡‡’–Š‡’—”‹–›‘ˆ–Šƒ–’—”‡•’”‹‰‘ˆ 22.

(63) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. „‡ƒ—–› ƒ† ‘”ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ ƒ† ƒ‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —”„ƒ ˜—Ž‰—•ǡ –Šƒ– ‘—Ž† „‡ ‡– ‹ –Š‡ ‘—–•‹”– ‘ˆ Ž‘”‡ ‡ǡ —Ž–—”ƒŽŽ› ‘–ƒ‹ƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ –‘™ǯ• ‘‘† ƒ† •‡•‹–‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ †‹• ‘—”•‡•ǡ ™‡”‡ ™ƒ‹–‹‰ ‹ ƒ„—•ŠǤ ‘Ž‹–‹ • ™ƒ• ‘—–•‹†‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘Žǡ ‘– ‹•‹†‡ ‹–Ǥ –Š‡”• †‹• —••‡† ‹– –‘‘ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ †‡„ƒ–‡ ‘–Š‡’‘••‹„Ž‡†‹˜‡”‰‹‰”‡ƒ†‹‰•‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡ǯ•’‘‡–‹ ƒŽ‡š’”‡••‹‘•‹•™‡ŽŽ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† „› ‹—•‡’’‡ ‡ ƒ ȋ‹”‡•‡ ͳͻ͹ͳǣ ͳͶ͸ȂͳͷͲȌǡ ™Š‘ ƒ‰‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž› ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡––‘ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡Š‘™Ž‘˜‡Ž›”‹ •™‡”‡™‘˜‡‘ ƒ ™ƒ”’ ‘ˆ •‘ ‹ƒŽ –‡•‹‘•ǣ •‡ƒ•‘ƒŽ Žƒ„‘”• ƒ† ƒ„ƒ†‘‡–Ǣ ƒŽƒ”‹ƒ ƒ† Š—‰‡”Ǥ—–Š‹•Dz”‡ƒŽ‹•–‹ dz”‡ƒ†‹‰•†‹†‘–•— ‡‡†‹”‡’Žƒ ‹‰–Š‡’”‡˜ƒǦ Ž‡–‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡‘Ǧ

(64) –ƒŽ‹ƒˆ‘ŽǤŠ‡‡™„‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‘—‰Š‘Ž†ƒ†™‡ŽŽ”‘‘–‡†‹–Š‡†”‡ƒ‘ˆ

(65) –ƒŽ‹ƒƒ”–‹•–•ƒ†‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ•ǡ ‡‡†‡†–‘‡—’Š‡‹•–‹ ƒŽŽ›”‡’Š”ƒ•‡–Š‡†‹ˆϐ‹ —Ž–†‘‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ‘”Ž‘ ƒŽˆ‘Ž•ǡƒ†–Š‡”‘ƒ–‹ ˜‹•‹‘’”‘˜‡†–‘„‡•–‹ŽŽ—•‡ˆ—ŽǤ

(66) ƒ†Ǧ †‹–‹‘–‘–Š‹•ǡ”ƒ–Š‡”•‘‘ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡—‹ϐ‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡•‡––Ž‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡

(67) –ƒŽ‹ƒ ‘ƒ” Š›ƒ•–Š‡‡™”‡‰‹‡ȋ•‘‡–‹‡•ƒ––Š‡’”‹ ‡‘ˆ˜‹‘Ž‡–”‡’”‡••‹‘ ‘ˆ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ‘—–„—”•–‘”‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘–‡•–•Ȍǡ–Š‡ˆ‘Ž”‡ ‡‹˜‡†–Š‡ϐ‹”•– ‘ ”‡–‡ ƒ†–ƒ‰‹„Ž‡•‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡‡™”—Ž‡ǣƒ’ƒ••’‘”–™Š‹ ŠƒŽŽ‘™‡†Š—†”‡†•‘ˆ –Š‘—•ƒ†•‘ˆ‡‘Ǧ

(68) –ƒŽ‹ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•–‘Ž‡ƒ˜‡–Š‡‹”‡™„‘”•–ƒ–‡Ǥ

(69) –ƒŽ›™‘—Ž† ‡Œ‘›‡†–Š‡‹””‡‹––ƒ ‡•ˆ”‘ƒˆƒ”ǡƒ†™‘—Ž†”‡’ƒ›–Š‡™‹–Š –Š‡‰—ƒ”Ǧ ƒ–‡‡–Šƒ–‘–Š‹‰™‘—Ž† Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡ƒ„ƒ†‘‡† ‘—–”›Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘”‡™ƒ•ǡƒ– –Š‹•’‘‹–ǡ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‹•—–‘Ž† ‘–”ƒ –Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –‘ ”‡ƒ Š ™Šƒ– ‹• ƒ •–”‹‹‰ ƒ† ’ƒ”ƒ†‘š‹ ƒŽ ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Dz†‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡dzǡ™‡Šƒ˜‡–‘Œ—’–‘–Š‡—•‡‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡„›–Š‡ ƒ• ‹•–”‡‰‹‡ǣ‘ ‡–Š‡ Ž‹„–‘–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•™ƒ• ‘’Ž‡–‡†ǡ–Š‡ ƒ• ‹•–’ƒ”–›Š‡ƒ†‡†–‘ ‘–”‘Ž–Š‡ƒ••‡•ǡ•–ƒ”–‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡• Š‘‘Žƒ†™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘–”‘Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ’‡ƒ•ƒ–ƒ†Ž‘ ƒŽ —Ž–—”ƒŽ‡š’”‡••‹‘•ǣ–‡ˆƒ‘ ƒ˜ƒœœƒ‹•–Š‡Š‹•–‘”‹ƒ™Š‘†‹†–Š‡”‹•›Œ‘„‘ˆ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡ ‘’Ž‹ ‹–› „‡–™‡‡ ˆƒ• ‹• ƒ† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ • Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ ȋƒ˜ƒœœƒ ͳͻͺ͹ǡ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǢ –Š‹• ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† †‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”› Š‹•–‘”› ‹• ™‹†‡Ž› ‘‘ –‘ ‡”ƒ ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ˜‘Ž•—†‡ ȋ‡†‹šǡǥȌǡ „—– Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰ ƒ’ƒ”– –Š‡ ’‡”ƒ ƒœ‹‘ƒŽ‡ ’‡” ‹Ž ‘’‘Žƒ˜‘”‘ǡƒ†ˆ‡•–‹˜ƒŽ”‡˜‹˜ƒŽ•‘” ”‡ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘”–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‡™ˆƒ• ‹•– ƒŽ‡†ƒ”ǡ

(70) ™‹ŽŽ ‘ ‡–”ƒ–‡‘ƒ–‘‘Žˆ‘”†‹• ‹’Ž‹‹‰–Š‡ƒ••‡•Ȃƒ†–Š‡ ˆ‘ŽȂ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ•‡ˆϐ‹ ‹‡–ƒ•‹–‹•ƒ’’ƒ”‡–Ž›‹‘”ǡ‘”‹‘ˆˆ‡•‹˜‡ǡ•‘— Š •‘–Šƒ–‹–•—”˜‹˜‡†–Š‡ˆƒ• ‹•–”‡‰‹‡ƒ†„”‘—‰Š––Š‡‘Ž†ȋ‘—–†ƒ–‡†Ȍ‡••ƒ‰‡ ‹–‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡™†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒ†”‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ‡”ƒǤ Š‘—‰Š ›‘—‰‡”ǡ

(71) ǯ ƒ‘‰•– –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ”‡‡„‡” Ȃ ƒ• †‘‡• –Š‡ ’Š‹Ǧ Ž‘•‘’Š‡” ‹ƒ‹ƒ––‹‘ǡ™Š‘™”‘–‡ƒ„‘—–‹–‹ƒ‡™•’ƒ’‡”‘–‡‹ʹͲͲͺ Ȃ ƒ •ƒŽŽ ™ƒŽŽ ’‘•–‡” –Šƒ– ‘—Ž† •–‹ŽŽ „‡ •‡‡ ‹ –Š‡ ͳͻ͸Ͳ• Šƒ‰‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ ‘•–’‘’—Žƒ”‹•‘”–ƒ˜‡”•ǡ‘”‘–Š‡™ƒŽŽ‹’Žƒ ‡•‘ˆ’‘’—Žƒ”•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹œƒǦ –‹‘ǡ•— Šƒ•„ƒ ”‘‘•‘ˆ‰‡‡”ƒŽ•–‘”‡•ǡ™Š‡”‡’‡‘’Ž‡—•‡†–‘‰ƒ–Š‡”–‘ †”‹ƒ†’Žƒ› ƒ”†•ǤDz—‹‘•‹„‡•–‡‹ƒǡ‘•‹•’—–ƒ’‡”–‡””ƒ‡‘•‹ ’ƒ”Žƒ†‹’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒdzǤ ‡”‡’‡‘’Ž‡†‘ǯ– —”•‡ǡ†‘ǯ–•’‹–‘–Š‡‰”‘—†ƒ††‘ǯ– 23.

(72) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. –ƒŽ‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǤŠ‡ ƒ• ‹•–”‡‰‹‡ƒ†‡— Š—•‡‘ˆ’Š”ƒ•ƒŽ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒǣ —••‘Ž‹‹ǯ• •‡–‡ ‡• ™‡”‡ Šƒ†™”‹––‡ ‹ ‰‹‰ƒ–‹  ˆ‘– •‹œ‡ ‘ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ™ƒŽŽ•‘˜‡”Ž‘‘‹‰ ”‘••”‘ƒ†•ƒ†•“—ƒ”‡•ƒ†‡š‡”–‡†ƒˆ— –‹‘‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ǡ ‘—‡–ƒŽ™ƒ”‹‰ǤŠ‡•ƒŽŽ’‘•–‡”’‡‡–”ƒ–‡†–Š‡‹–‡”‹‘”‘ˆ‹–‹ƒ–‡ ‡˜‡”›†ƒ› •‘ ‹ƒŽ Ž‹ˆ‡ ”‡ƒˆϐ‹”‹‰ ƒ „ƒ•‹  ‘–‹‘ǡ ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ‡˜‡”› •‹‰Ž‡ ‘Ǧ • ‹‡ ‡Ǥ ƒ› ‘–Š‡” ’‘•–‡”• ™‡”‡ ™ƒ”‹‰• ƒ‰ƒ‹•– •’‡ ‹ϐ‹  „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”•ǣ ‘ ‘‡ǡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†‹–Š‡ƒ” Š‡”‡‰‹‘ǡ–Š‡‡••ƒ‰‡™ƒ•†‹”‡ –‡†ƒ––Š‡’‡ƒ•ƒ–• †—”‹‰–Š”‡•Š‹‰–‹‡ǡ™ƒ”‹‰–Š‡Dz‘––‘†”‹–‘‘— Šǡ‘––‘•‹‰•—„Ǧ ˜‡”•‹˜‡•‘‰•ǡ‘––‘™‡ƒ””‡†‰ƒ”‡–•‘”‡˜‡”‡†ϐŽ‘™‡”•ǡ‘––‘•’‡ƒ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǣ‘––‘‹•—Ž–ˆƒ• ‹•–•ƒ†ˆƒ• ‹•ƒ†–‘”‡•’‡ ––Š‡‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒ† ‹–•‹•–‹–—–‹‘•dzǡ„—––Š‹•‘’‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘–‡–ȂŽ‹‡–Š‡”ƒ ‹•–™ƒ”‹‰ˆ‘”Ǧ „‹††‹‰ ‡™•‡–”ƒ ‡–‘’—„Ž‹ ˜‡—‡•‘”’”‡˜‡–‹‰Ž‘˜‡‹ƒ’‡‘’Ž‡ˆ”‘ •’‡ƒ‹‰–Š‡‹”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‹–Š‡‘ —’‹‡†

(73) •–”‹ƒ–‡””‹–‘”‹‡•Ȃ™ƒ•‡”ƒ†‹ ƒ–‡† ƒ••‘‘ƒ•–Š‡ˆƒ• ‹•–”‡‰‹‡ˆ‡ŽŽǢ–Š‡‘‡–Šƒ–

(74) ‡–‹‘‡†ǡ‹•–‡ƒ†ǡ’”‘’‘•‡† ƒ™‡‹”†ƒŽŽ‹ƒ ‡ǣ–Š‡ƒ–‹Ǧ„Žƒ•’Š‡› ƒ’ƒ‹‰ȋƒŠ‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ„ƒ––Ž‡–Šƒ––Š‡ ƒ˜‘‹ƒ‘ƒ” Š›‡†‘”•‡†•‘ƒ•–‘•Š‘™‹–•Ž‘›ƒŽ–›–‘–Š‡‘ƒƒ–Š‘Ž‹  ƒ—–Š‘”‹–›Ȍǡ–Š‡Š›‰‹‡‹ ‹’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡‘––‘•’‹–ǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ ƒ ‹˜‹Ž‹œ‹‰–‘‘Žƒ†ǡƒ†ƒ†‹—˜ƒ†—ǡƒ™ƒ›‘ˆϐ‹‰Š–‹‰ƒ‰ƒ‹•––—„‡” —Ž‘•‹•ǣ –Š‡•‘Ǧ ƒŽŽ‡†subtle disease–Šƒ–™ƒ•”‘‘–‡†‹’‘‘”Ž‹˜‹‰ ‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ„—–™ƒ• ˆ‘—‰Š–„›’”‘‘–‹‰‰‘‘†ƒ‡”•ƒ†Š›‰‹‡‹ ’”‡ ‡’–•Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǣ –‘ •’‡ƒ ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‘—Ž† ‡ƒǡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‡ǡ –‘ •’‡ƒ ƒ‰ƒ‹•– ‘” –‘ •–‹—Žƒ–‡ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ƒ–‹ˆƒ• ‹•– ƒ––‹–—†‡•ǡ •‘ ƒ• –‘ •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘•‡•—•™ƒ•ǡ„›ƒ–—”‡ǡƒ†‡„ƒ–ƒ„Ž‡“—‡•–‹‘Ǥ —•–ƒ• ‘†ǯ•ƒ‡ƒ†Š—ƒŠ‡ƒŽ–Šƒ”‡ƒ„•‘Ž—–‡˜ƒŽ—‡•–ƒ‡ˆ‘”‰”ƒ–Ǧ ‡†ǡ•‘–‘‘–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‘”†‡”—•–„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ǣ‘–Š‡”•ǡ‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡ǡ™‹ŽŽ†‡ƒŽ ™‹–Š‹–ǢŽƒ›’‡”•‘•ƒ”‡’”‡˜‡–‡†ˆ”‘†‘‹‰‹–’—„Ž‹ Ž›Ǥ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‘—„–ƒ† ”‹–‹ ‹••Š‘—Ž††‹‡‹–Š‡‹–‹ƒ–‡ƒ†•’‡‡ ŠŽ‡••‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‘• ‹‡ ‡•Ǥ ‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡” •Ž‘‰ƒ• ȋdon’’t disturb the driver Ȃ •‘ Š‡”‹•Š‡† „› –Š‡Žƒ•–

(75) –ƒŽ‹ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ‡ƒ†‡”•Ȍǡ–Š‡Ž‡••‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ• ‹•–”‡‰‹‡™ƒ••‹’Ž‡ǣ –Š‡Šƒ†‘˜‡”‘ˆ’‘™‡”–‘–Š‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹•–ǡƒ†„Ž‹†‹‰’‡‘’Ž‡–‘–Š‡–”—–Š‹ –Š‡‹”ƒ –‹‘ǡ—–‹Ž–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‘”†‡”™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒƒ–—”ƒŽȂ‘”ƒ†‹˜‹‡ ‘‡ǤŠ‹•Šƒ•‘–Ž‘•–‹–•‡ˆˆ‡ –ǤŠ‘—‰Š’ƒ••‹‘ƒ–‡ƒ†‘ˆ–‡˜‘ ‹ˆ‡”‘—•’‘Ǧ Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•’‡ƒ‡”•ǡ

(76) –ƒŽ‹ƒ•†‹†Ž‡ƒ”ˆ”‘–Š‘•‡–‹‡•–Šƒ–•’‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ • ‹•‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘ ”‹–‹ ‹œ‹‰–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‘”†‡”ǡ™Š‹Ž‡ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‰‹–‘”„‡‹‰ ƒŽ‹‰‡† ™‹–Š ‹– ‹• ‘– –‘ –ƒ‡ ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •–ƒ ‡Ǥ Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘”†‡” ‹–•‡Žˆ ‹• •–ƒ–—•“—‘ǡƒ†ƒ••— Š‹–ƒ‹•ƒ––Š‡‰‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒŽ”‡ƒŽ‹–›ȋ‘–—–‘Ǧ ’‹ƒȌǡƒ–‡—–”ƒŽ‹–›ȋ‘–ˆƒ –‹‘ƒŽ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡‘’’‘‡–•Ȍǣ‹–•‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ–—”‡ ‹• ‘ ‡ƒŽ‡†‹‹–•”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ•‡—–”ƒŽǤ

(77) ƒ›‰ƒ‡ǡ–Š‡ ƒ”††‡ƒŽ‡”‹•ȋƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–Ȍ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‰ƒ‡ǡ „—–‘Ž›–Š‡‘–Š‡”•ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ‡†’Žƒ›‡”•Ǣ‹–Š‡Šƒ†Ž‹‰‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡†‡•–‹‹‡• ƒ† ”‡•‘—” ‡•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ”† †‡ƒŽ‡” ƒŽŽ• Dz’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽdz –Š‘•‡ ™Š‘ ƒ‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”†•–Šƒ–’‘Ž‹–‹ •†‹•–”‹„—–‡•ǤŠ‡ ƒ• ‹•–”‡‰‹‡ƒ†‡—•‡‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽ 24.

(78) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ƒ•‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–•ǡ‹˜‡–‹‰ˆ‡•–‹˜ƒŽ•ǡ’”‘‘–‹‰”—”ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ†‘’–‹‰ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‹˜‡ ”‘—–‹‡•–Šƒ–ƒ‡–Š‡‡™‘”†‡”–Š‡ƒ–—”ƒŽ Ž‹ƒš‘ˆƒŠ‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽ’”‘ ‡••Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–•‘„‡›‡†ƒ† ‘’Ž‹‡†Ǥ‘‡„›‡‡’‹‰•‹Ž‡–ǡ•‘‡„›•‹‰‹‰ ‘•–Š‹†‡‘—•”ƒ ‹•–Žƒ™•‘”ƒ ‡’–‹‰‘•–•‡•‡Ž‡••‘”†‡”•Ǥƒˆˆƒ‡Ž‡‘”•‘ǡ ƒ•†‹”‡ –‘”‘ˆƒ• Š‘Žƒ”Ž›Œ‘—”ƒŽǡƒˆ–‡”–Š‡’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘‘ˆ‡š’—‰‹‰ ˆ”‘ƒ›‰Ž‹ ‹•‘” ƒŽŽ‹ ‹•–Š‡

(79) –ƒŽ‹ƒŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ’Žƒ‹Ž›†‡Ž‡–‡†–Š‡–‡” Dzˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡dzˆ”‘–Š‡–‹–Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡Œ‘—”ƒŽǡ ‘‹––‡†–‘ƒŽ‹‰‹–ȋƒ†Š‹•‡ŽˆȌ ™‹–Š–Š‡‡™ƒ–—”ƒŽƒ†‡—–”ƒŽŽ‹‰—‹•–‹ ‘”†‡”ǣ ‘ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ†‡”•Ǥ –ƒ”–‹‰ –‘†ƒ›ǡ –Š‹• Œ‘—”ƒŽǡ „‘” ‹ ͳͻʹͷǡ ™Š‡ –Š‡ ƒ• ‹•– ‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘™ƒ•‹‹–•ˆ—ŽŽˆ‡”˜‡ ›ǡ™‹ŽŽŽ‡ƒ˜‡–Š‡ƒ‡‘ˆDz

(80) Ž ‘ŽŽ‘”‡‹–ƒŽ‹ƒ‘dz ȏǥȐƒ†‰‡––Š‡–‹–Ž‡‘ˆArchivio per la raccolta e lo studio delle tradizioni popolari italianeǤ

(81) –‹•‘–‹†‡‡†ƒ„”ƒ†‡™ƒ‡ǡƒ•‘—””‡ƒ†‡”•™‡”‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ” ™‹–Š ‹– ƒ• –Š‡ •—„–‹–Ž‡ǡ ‹– –ƒ‡• ‘™ ƒ ’Žƒ ‡ ‘ˆ Š‘‘”ǡ ‘™‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡‡™ —Ž–—”‡ƒ†–Š‡”‡‘˜ƒ–‡† ‘• ‹‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡

(82) –ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡‘’Ž‡ ”‡ˆ—•‡•–‘ƒ ‡’–ˆ‘”‡‹‰–‡”•‹‘—”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡Ǥȋ‹••—‡ͳͶǣͳȂʹǡͳͻ͵ͻǢ•‡‡ƒŽ•‘ ŽŽ‹‡‰”‘ʹͲͳͳǣͳͷͺȌ. ‹ƒ‹ƒ––‹‘”‡‹†‡†—•‘ˆ–Šƒ–‘Ž†ƒˆϐ‹ Š‡„‡ ƒ—•‡Š‡”‡ƒ†‹‹–ƒ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Ž ™‹–Š–Š‡‘‰‘‹‰–‡’–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆDz‡—–”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘dz‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•–ƒ ‡•ƒ††‹•Ǧ ‘—”•‡•ȋƒ––‹‘ʹͲͲͺȌǢ

(83) –Š‹–Šƒ––Š‡Dzƒ–—”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘dz‹•ƒ‰‘‘†‡›–‘‰‡– –Š”‘—‰Š‘—”–‘’‹ ǣ ”‹–‹“—‡•ƒ”‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽǡ’‘™‡”‹•ƒ–—”ƒŽƒ†‡—–”ƒŽǤŠ‡ ˆƒ• ‹•– ”‡‰‹‡ ™ƒ• •— ‡••ˆ—Ž ‹ –Š‡ ‡—–”ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ” —Ž–—”‡ǡ •‡˜‡”‹‰‹–•–‹‡•™‹–Š•‡ŽˆǦ†‡–‡”‹‹‰ƒƒ‰‡‡–’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǡ’ƒ••‹‰ˆ”‘ ƒŠ‹‡”ƒ” Š›‘ˆ‡Ž‡ –‡†’‡‘’Ž‡ȋ–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆSocietà FilodrammaticaȂ–Š‡ ƒƒ–‡—”–Š‡ƒ–‡”•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ‘”–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡Š‹ŽŠƒ”‘‹ •‘ ‹‡–›Ȃ–Š‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ˆƒ–Š‡”‹‰–Š‡ƒ” Š‹‰„ƒ†•Ȍ–‘ƒŠ‹‡”ƒ” Š‹ ‘”†‡”‘ˆ‘‹‡‡• ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ ’‘™‡”ǡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡–‡” ƒ† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ –‘’ –‘ –Š‡ ’‡”‹’Š‡”›Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ †‘‹‰ –Š‹•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ• ‹•– •‡Ž‡ –‡†ǡ ’”‘Š‹„‹–‡†ǡ Žƒ— Š‡†ǡ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‡†ǣˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡™ƒ•ǡ–Š‡ǡƒ”‡ƒŽŽ›ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡†”‡•‘—” ‡ǡ™‹–Š™Š‹ Š–‘ ƒ–—”ƒŽ‹œ‡–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‰‹‡‹–Š‡–‹‹‡•–—‹–‘ˆ•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ȋƒ˜ƒœœƒ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ —„Ž‹  ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ǡ ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‘”› ‡˜‡–•ǡ Š‡ƒ˜‹Ž› ˆƒ• ‹•– ‹ –Š‡‹” ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ•–ƒ–‡ǡ’ƒ••‡†ƒ•Š‡”‹–ƒ‰‡‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡”ƒǡ Ž‡ƒ‡†—’‘ˆ‹–•‘•– „Žƒ–ƒ– •‹‰ƒŽ ‘ˆ ˆƒ• ‹•– ‘‘–ƒ–‹‘• Ȃ ƒ™ƒ› ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆƒ• ‡•ǡ ƒ™ƒ› ™‹–Š —••‘Ž‹‹ǯ• •‹ŽŠ‘—‡––‡• Ϋ —†‡” –Š‡ ‡†—”‹‰ ’”‘–‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Šƒ– ƒ”–‹ϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ Dzƒ–—”ƒŽ‡••dzƒ†Dz‡—–”ƒŽ‹–›dzǤ ˆ–‡”–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‰‹‡ƒ†ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡†”ƒƒ–‹ ™ƒ–‡”•Š‡†‘ˆ‘”Ž† ƒ”

(84)

(85) ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡‡•‹•–‡œƒƒ†ϐ‹ƒŽŽ›–Š‡‡’—„Ž‹ ƒ–—”ǡ ‹–Š‡‘”‡ ”‡ ‡––‹‡•ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–• ‘—Ž†•–‹ŽŽϐ‹†‹–’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘ϐŽ‘ƒ–‘–Šƒ– ‘‘ •‡•‡ǣƒˆˆƒ‡Ž‡‘”•‘™ƒ•”‡ƒ†›ǡƒˆ–‡””‡•–‘”‹‰–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‰‘‘†ƒš‘ ‘Ǧ ’‘—†–‘Š‹•Œ‘—”ƒŽ–‹–Ž‡ǡƒ•‡ƒ”Ž›ƒ•ͳͻͶͷǡ–‘’”‡•‡–ƒ‹••—‡ ‡Ž‡„”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ Šƒ–•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹•ƒ•Ǥ‡—–”ƒŽ„‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‡—–”ƒŽƒˆ–‡”ǣ‡˜‡‹ˆǡ‹–Š‡‡™–‹‡•ǡ Dz‡—–”ƒŽ‹–›dz•Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡„‡ ‘‡ƒDz’‘•‹–‹‘dzǡ‘–ƒ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ‘†‹–‹‘Ǥ 25.

(86) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. OBSERVATIONS ON FOLKLORE, THEN AND TODAY

(87) ”‡ƒŽ‹–›ǡ‹–‹•‹†‡‡†‹–Šƒ–˜‡”›‘‡––Šƒ–ƒ†‡‡’ Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡

(88) –ƒŽ‹ƒ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ • Š‘‘Ž ‹• ƒ–—”‹‰Ǥ ‹–Š –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‡ǡ ƒ› ”‡•‘—” ‡• „‡ ƒ‡ƒ––ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǣ–Š‡‘•–’”‡ ‹‘—•ˆ‘”‘—”†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡™ƒ•–Š‡Prison Notebooksǡ™Š‡”‡–‘‹‘ ”ƒ• ‹ǡ™Š‘†‹‡†‹ͳͻ͵͹ƒˆ–‡”•‡˜‡”ƒŽ›‡ƒ”•‘ˆˆƒ• ‹•– ’”‹•‘ǡ‘–‡†Š‹•–Š‘—‰Š–•ǡ”‡ϐŽ‡ –‹‘•ǡ’”‘Œ‡ –•ǡƒ†‘„•‡”˜ƒ–‹‘•ȋ ”ƒ• ‹ ͳͻ͹ͷȌ‘ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ —Ž–—”‡ǡ‘ƒ••ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ —Ž–—”‡ǡ‘ ‘‘•‡•‡ǡ‘ ’‘™‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‹–Š‹–Š‹•˜ƒ•–‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ’”‘Œ‡ –ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ȋ‘”ǡƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž›ǡ folcloreȌ ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‘„Œ‡ – ‘ˆ •‘‡ ‹•‹‰Š–ˆ—Ž ƒ† •Šƒ”’ –Š‘—‰Š–•ǡ ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡† „‡–™‡‡ͳͻʹͻƒ†ͳͻ͵ͷǡƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ƒ•ƒ—‹–ƒ”› Šƒ’–‡”ǡThe observations on Folklore, ‹–Š‡ϐ‹”•–‡†‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘–‡„‘‘ȋ‹”‡•‡ͳͻ͹͸ǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ Š‘—‰Š†‹•”‡‰ƒ”†‡†„›‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ ‡– ”ƒ• ‹ǯ•†‹• ‘˜‡”‡”•ȋ‡˜‡‹ ‹–•‰Ž‹•Š˜‡”•‹‘ˆ”‘ͳͻͺʹȌǡ‹”‡•‡ǯ•ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ ”ƒ• ‹ǯ• ’ƒ‰‡••Š‘™• Š‘™–Š‡folk™ƒ•‘ ‡ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ•–”‹’’‡†‘ˆ‡˜‡”›ƒ„‹‰—‹–›ǣ–Š‡ˆ‘Žƒ”‡ –Š‡‹•–”—‡–ƒŽƒ†•—„ƒŽ–‡” Žƒ••‡•ǡ‘Ž‘‰‡”–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘”–Š‡˜—Ž‰—•‘ˆ ‘’Ž‡š•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•„—–ƒ•‘ ‹‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•—„Œ‡ – †‡ϐ‹‡† „› ‹–• ’‘•‹–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ •–”— –—”ƒŽ‹•– • Š‡‡ Ȃ Dz‹•–”—‡–ƒŽdzǡ –Š‡ ™‘”‹‰ Žƒ••ǣ’”‘Ž‡–ƒ”‹ƒ•ǡ’‡ƒ•ƒ–•ǡƒ”–‹•ƒ•ǥŠ‹•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›†‡ϐ‹‡†•—„Ǧ Œ‡ –‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‡† —Ž–—”ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‡•–‘‡Ž‡‡–ƒŽŠ—ƒ‡‡†•ǡƒ‹‰—•‡ǡ‹ ƒƒ –‹˜‡ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡™ƒ›ǡ‘ˆ™Šƒ–™ƒ•„‡‹‰’”‘†— ‡†ƒ––Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆŠ‹‰Š‡” —Ž–—”ƒŽ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Šƒ–‘ˆƒ”‹•–‘ ”ƒ–‹ ‘””‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•‘”„‘—”‰‡‘‹•™‘”Ž†˜‹Ǧ •‹‘•ǡ†‹• ‘—”•‡•ǡŠ‹‡”ƒ” Š‹‡•ǡ‹ƒ ‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•—„Œ‡ –‹‘Ǥ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ †‘‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘—Ž†„‡•‡‡ƒ•”‡ϐŽ‡ –‡†‹–Š‡Š‡‰‡‘›ƒ––Š‡ —Ž–—”ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Žǣ ‹–• ‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”› ‘—–‡”’ƒ”–ǡ –Š‡ •—„ƒŽ–‡” ™‘”Ž† ˜‹‡™ǡ ™‘—Ž† „‡ ™Šƒ– ™ƒ•‘™ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡Ǥ•Ž„‡”–‘‹”‡•‡ƒ†‡ Ž‡ƒ”ȋ‹”‡•‡ͳͻ͹͸Ȍǡ–‘‹‘. ”ƒ• ‹†‹†ǯ––Š‹‘ˆ‹–‹‡Ž‡‰‹ƒ ‘”‹†›ŽŽ‹ –‡”•Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‘”‡—•–„‡ ‘•‹†Ǧ ‡”‡†ƒ•ƒ•‡”‹‘—•ƒ––‡”ǣƒ”‡ƒŽ ‘ ‡’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ž†ƒ†Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ• „‡‡Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽŽ›’”‘†— ‡†‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆ†‘‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒ›–Š”‡ƒ†•‡‡”‰‡†ˆ”‘ ”ƒ• ‹ǯ••—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ƒ†ˆ”‘Š‹•”‡’Š”ƒ•‹‰ ‘ˆ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘Žǣ ”‡•–‘ †‡ ƒ”–‹‘ ȋƒ—†‡”• ͳͻͺͶǢ ‹‰‘”‡ŽŽ‹ ʹͲͳͷǢ‹ʹͲͳͷȌǡˆ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ™Š‘†‹”‡ –‡†Š‹•–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•––‘™ƒ”†• –Š‡ƒ‰‹ ™‹•†‘ƒ†ˆ‘ —•‡†‘–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆŠ—ƒƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ Dz’”‡•‡ ‡dz ƒ• –Š‡ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ „ƒ•‡ ˆ‘” ƒ› —Ž–—”ƒŽ ‘•–”— –‹‘ ‘” ƒ› •‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ȋ†‡ƒ”–‹‘ͳͻͷͺǡͳͻͷͻǡͳͻ͸ͳȌǡ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†Š‹•’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‡† ‹–‡”Ž‘ —–‘”•‹–Š‡‘—–Š‡”

(89) –ƒŽ‹ƒ’‡ƒ•ƒ–ƒ••‡•Ǥ ”ƒ• ‹ǯ•Ž‡‰ƒ ›ȋ–‘Ǧ ‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š‹†‡ƒŽ‹•–‹ ƒ†Š‹•–‘”‹ ‹•–”‡ƒ‹•Ȍˆ—‡Ž‡†Š‹•‡š–‡†‡†ϐ‹‡Ž†™‘”ǣ ƒŽŽ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ͳͻͷͲ•†‡ƒ”–‹‘–”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‡†ǡ”‡ ‘”†‡†ƒ†‹–‡”’”‡–‡†–”ƒ†‹Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽ‘—”‹‰’”ƒ –‹ ‡•ǡƒ‰‹ ˜‹‡™•ǡ”‡‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘”‹–—ƒŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡• –Šƒ–Šƒ†”‡ƒ‹‡†‡š Ž—†‡†„›‡•–‡” ‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ǯ•ƒ Š‹‡˜‡‡–•„‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ –Š‡ †‘‹ƒ–‡†Ǥ ‡ ƒ”–‹‘ ™”‘–‡ –Šƒ– Š‡ ™ƒ• ‡–‡”‹‰ –Š‡ Š‘—•‡• ‘ˆ •‘—–Š‡”

(90) –ƒŽ› Dzƒ• ƒ ‘”ƒ†‡dz ȋ†‡ ƒ”–‹‘ 26.

(91) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ͳͻͷ͵Ȍ‡†‘”•‹‰Š‹•”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ƒ•ƒ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽȋƒ‰ƒ‹ ”ƒ• ‹ǯ•’”‡Ǧ ‹•‡‹†‹ ƒ–‹‘Ȍ–‘Š‡Ž’–Š‡–‘Dz‡–‡”‹–‘Š‹•–‘”›dzƒ†–‘„—‹Ž†ƒ‡™‡”ƒ† ‘‘ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ–—†›‹‰ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ǡ™‹–Š‹•— Šƒˆ”ƒ‡ǡ™ƒ•ƒ™ƒ›‘ˆƒ‹‰ ƒ”‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ”›—–‘’‹ƒ Ž‘•‡”ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽŽ›‹ Ž—•‹˜‡Ǥ”ƒ –‹ ‹‰‡–Š‘Ž‘‰›‹ –Š‹•™ƒ›™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ǡƒ•Š‡•–ƒ–‡†‹ƒ‹‘”„—–ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‡••ƒ›ǡƒ™ƒ›‹ ™Š‹ Š–Š‡‘™Ž‡†‰‡‘ˆ’‡”‹’Š‡”ƒŽ —Ž–—”‡• ‘—Ž† ‘–”‹„—–‡–‘‡Žƒ”‰‡–Š‡ Š—ƒ‹•–‹  Š‘”‹œ‘ –Šƒ– ™‡•–‡” ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› Šƒ† †”ƒ™ ƒ• ‘‹ ‹†‡– ƒ† ‘‰”—‘—• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‡•–‡” ƒ† ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‹•–‹  ‡ ‘‘‹  ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‡‡†• ȋ†‡ƒ”–‹‘ͳͻ͸ʹȌǤ –Š‡”• ™‡”‡ •‡†— ‡† „› –Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ –Šƒ– ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ ‘’Ž‡š Ϋ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽƒ•‹’”ƒ –‹ ‡•ƒ”‡†„›•—„ƒŽ–‡”‹–›ȋ–Š‘•‡™Š‹ Š–Š‡‘†‡” ‘Ǧ ‘ •‡•‡ ˆ‡Ž– –‘ „‡ Dz•—’‡”•–‹–‹‘•dzǡ ‘” –Š‘•‡ ‹ Ž‹ƒ–‹‘• –‘ Ž›”‹ ‹• –Šƒ– ”‘ƒ–‹ • Š‡”‹•Š‡†•‘— ŠȌȂ–Š‡ˆ‘Ž™ƒ•‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‰ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•™‡”• ™Š‡”‡ •‡‡†• ‘” ϐŽƒ•Š‡• ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘• ‹‡ ‡ ‘—Ž† „‡ †‡–‡ –‡† ȋ‘•‹‘ ͳͻ͹ͷǢ ‘„ƒ”†‹ ƒ–”‹ƒ‹ ͳͻ͹ͶǢ ˆ‘” ”‹–‹ ‹• •‡‡ ‹ ‘Ž‹ƒ• ͳͻͺͲ ‘” ‹”‡•‡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤŠ‹•™ƒ•ƒ’ƒ–Š‹•‡ƒ” Š‘ˆDz’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡dzǡ™Š‹ Šǡ‡ƒ”Ž›‘ǡ –‘‘ –Š‡ ”‘—–‡ ‘ˆ ƒ”–‹•–‹  ˜ƒŽ‘”‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ˆ‘Ž ‡š’”‡••‹˜‡ ˆ‘”• ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‘˜‘ ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ‰‰”‡••‹‘ –‘™ƒ”†• ‘ˆϐ‹ ‹ƒŽ —Ž–—”‡Ǣ ‹ —‡ ͳͻ͸Ͷǡ ‘„‡”–‘ ‡›†‹ǡ ‹Ž‹’’‘ ”‹˜‡ŽŽ‹ǡ ”ƒ ‘ ‘”–‹‹ ƒ† –Š‡ —‘˜‘ ƒœ‘‹‡”‡

(92) –ƒŽ‹ƒ‘ǡ ’”‘’‘•‡† –‘ ƒ ’”‡•–‹‰‹‘—• ’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ ƒ”– ˆ‡•–‹˜ƒŽ ȋ–Š‡ ‡•–‹˜ƒŽ †‡‹ †—‡ ‘†‹ǡ‹’‘Ž‡–‘Ȍƒ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‘ˆŽƒ„‘”ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ•‘‰•—†‡”–Š‡–‹–Ž‡ ‘ˆ Bella Ciao ȋ‡”ƒ‹ ͳͻͻ͹ȌǤ

(93) – ™ƒ• ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† ƒ• ƒ •Žƒ’ ‹ –Š‡ ˆƒ ‡ „› –Š‡ „‘—”‰‡‘‹• ƒ† ”‹‰Š–Ǧ‘”‹‡–‡† ƒ—†‹‡ ‡ ™Š‘ ‘—–‡† ”‡ƒŽ –—”‘‹Ž ȋƒ”‹‹ ʹͲͲͷȌǢ ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡ ‹– „”‘—‰Š– –‘ •—”ˆƒ ‡ –Š‡ ‡š–”ƒ‘”†‹ƒ”› ˜‹–ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ ˆ‘Ž—•‹ ƒ††”ƒƒ–—”‰›Ȃ–Šƒ–™Š‹ Š”‘ƒ–‹ •‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•–•Šƒ†‡Ǧ ‰Ž‡ –‡†ƒ• ‘–ƒ‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‘†‡”‹–›ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ” Šˆ‘”’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡ —Ž–—”‡ ™‘—Ž†–Š—•„‡›‡–ƒ‘–Š‡”•–‡’‹–Š‡–Š‡‘”‡–‹ ƒŽ’‡”•’‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ƒ•ƒ ”‡’‘•‹–‘”›‘ˆ ‘ϐŽ‹ –—ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›—†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†–Š‘—‰Š–•ƒ†•‡–‹Ǧ ‡–•Ǥ‰‡‡”‘—•„—–—–‘’‹ƒ™‹•Šˆ—Ž˜‹‡™‘ˆ™Šƒ–

(94) –ƒŽ‹ƒ’‘’—Žƒ” —Ž–—”‡ ”‡ƒŽŽ› ™ƒ•Ǥ • ‘’’‘•‡† –‘ –Šƒ–ǡ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– –Š”‡ƒ† •‘‘ „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ„•‘”„‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ”‡– ”‡ƒ –‹‘ –Šƒ– ‡—–”ƒŽ‹œ‡† ‹– ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘Ž ”‡˜‹˜ƒŽ ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ •‡ƒ•‘ȋͳͻ͹Ͳ•ȂͳͻͺͲ•Ȍǡƒ‰ƒ‹•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‰ƒ††‹˜‹†‹‰–Š‡™ƒ–‡”•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‘Ž Ȃ Žƒ„‘”ǡ ’”‘–‡•–ǡ ƒ–‹‹Ž‹–ƒ”‹•– •‘‰• ƒ† ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡• Ȃ ˆ”‘ ‡—–”ƒŽ ˆ‘Žǡ–Š‡‘•–ƒŽ‰‹ ǡ•‡–‹‡–ƒŽǡ™‹––›ƒ†‡˜‡•ƒ— ›‘‡•–Šƒ– ‘Ž‘‹œ‡†–Š‡ —Ž–—”ƒŽ‘ˆˆ‡”–‘–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ƒ••‹˜‡ƒ—†‹‡ ‡•Ǥ Š‡–Š‹”†ǡƒ†‘•–‡†—”‹‰–Š”‡ƒ†‘ˆ ”ƒ• ‹ǯ•–Š‘—‰Š–™ƒ•™‘˜‡„› Ž„‡”–‘Ǥ‹”‡•‡ǡƒˆ‘Ž’‘‡–”›”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”Š‹•‡Žˆǡ™Š‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ”ƒ• ‹ǯ• ‹†‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‹–‘ ƒ ‡’‹•–‡‘Ž‘‰› ‘ˆ ƒ ”‡‡™‡† ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ –Š‡‘”›ǣ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡† ‘ˆ ͳͻ͸Ͳ• —–‹Ž –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡ ‹”‡•‡ ‰ƒ–Š‡”‡† ‹ Š‹• ‘•– ”‡‘™‡†‘’—•ǡCultura egemonica e culture subalterneǡ–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ‘ˆˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡•–—†›ƒ•–Šƒ–’ƒ”–‘ˆƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰›†‡†‹ ƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ —Ž–—”‡•–Šƒ– Šƒ†Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽŽ›„‡‡‰”‘™‹‰ƒ† ‘ϐ‹‰—”‹‰ƒ•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‡†™‹–Š‹ ‘Ǧ 27.

(95) ƒ„‹‘—‰ƒ‹‹ǡThe Haunted Discipline: On the Political Nature of Folklore …ͷ͵ȀͳǡʹͲͳ͸ǡ’’ͳͷȂͶͳ. ’Ž‡š•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•ǡ‹–Š‡†‘—„Ž‡ ‘†‹–‹‘‘ˆ —Ž–—”ƒŽ•—„ƒŽ–‡”‹–›ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ †‘‹ƒ–‹‘ǤŠƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡™ƒ•ƒdislivello ȋ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡‹Š‡‹‰Š–ǡ’”‡•‡–‡† –‘ ƒ —”‘’‡ƒ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ • Š‘‘Ž ‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ‹••—‡ ‘ˆ Ethnologia Europaea Ȃ ‹”‡•‡ͳͻ͸͹Ȍǡƒ‡–ƒ’Š‘”„‘””‘™‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡‘ˆϐŽ—‹†‡ Šƒ‹ •–‘ ƒ‡ Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ȋ”Š›‡•ǡ‡Ž‘†‹‡•ǡ‘„Œ‡ –•ǡ–Š‘—‰Š–•Ȍƒ”‡ ‘–‡”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•–Š‡›‘ —’›‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹”ƒƒŽ‘‰‘—•‘”Š‘‘Ž‘Ǧ ‰‘—•‹–‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡’ƒ”–ƒ†’ƒ” ‡Ž‘ˆ–Š‡’‘™‡”ˆ—ŽǡŽ‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‡ǡ —Ž–—”‡Ǥ‹–Š ‹”‡•‡ǯ•”‡Ǧ‡Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ”ƒ• ‹ǡ–Š‡Šƒ—–‹‰“—‡•–‹‘•‘ˆ™Š‡”‡ƒ†™Š‡ ˆ‘Ž‹–‡•‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡ǡ„‡ ‘‡‹””‡Ž‡˜ƒ–ǣ —Ž–—”ƒŽŠ‹•–‘”›ǡ—•‹‰’Š‹Ž‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŽ› ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘‘Ž•ǡ™‹ŽŽ†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š–Š‡•‡“—‡•–‹‘••’‡ ‹ϐ‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǣˆ‘ŽŽ‘”‹•–•†‡ƒŽ ™‹–Š ™Šƒ– –Š‡› ϐ‹† ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ —Ž–—”ƒŽ ‡š’”‡••‹‘• ƒ† ™‘”Ž†˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‘Ž–Š‡›†‡ ‹†‡–‘™‘”™‹–ŠǤ ‘ŽŽ‘”‡ –Š‡ „‡ ‘‡• ƒ •—„Ǧ†‹• ‹’Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ ƒ–Š”‘’‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ™Š‹ Š Šƒ• –‘ †‡ƒŽ™‹–Šƒ’”‘ ‡••—ƒŽ ‘ ‡’–‹‘‘ˆ‹–•‘„Œ‡ –ǡ•–ƒ”–‹‰ˆ”‘ ‹–•’‘•‹–‹‘ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡ǡ ‡–‡”‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ ‡–Š‘‰”ƒ’Š‹  ‡ ‘—–‡” ƒ† †‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ ƒ† ‘ˆˆ‡”‡† –‘ –Š‡ ™‹†‡” •‘ ‹‡–› ƒ• ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‡”†›ƒ‹ •‘ˆ†‘‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘–‘ˆ‘ —•‘–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†’”‘ƒ –‹˜‡ ƒ•™‡”•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒ†™‡”‡Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽŽ›‰‹˜‡–‘–Š‡‡š Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ —Ž–—”ƒŽ ”‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡†‘‹ƒ–• Žƒ••‡•Ǥ Š‡”‡‡˜‡”™ƒ•ƒ‰‡‡ƒ‘‰•–—• ƒ’‡ƒ•ƒ–•–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡ –‘‡š–‡’‘”‹œ‡Ž‘‰’‘‡–‹  ‘’‘•‹–‹‘•ǡ‘”–Š‡ƒ”†‹‹ƒ•Š‡’Š‡”†•–‘•‹‰ ‹’”‘’–— ™‘”†Ǧƒ†‡ Žƒ ‡™‘”•Ǥ Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ ‘ˆ –Šƒ– ƒ”– ”‡•‹†‡† ‹ –Š‡‹” ‡š Ž—•‹‘ˆ”‘–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ ›’”‘ ‡••‡•ƒ†”‡•‘—” ‡•ǤŠ‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡’‘‡–‹  ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǡƒ†‹–•‡‡†ǡ†‘‡•‘–†‡’‡†‘Ž›‘‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǣ–Š‘•‡™Š‘‹– Šƒ• ‡š Ž—†‡†ǡ ƒ› Š‡ƒ”ǡ •–‡ƒŽǡ ”‡’”‘†— ‡ǡ ƒ†ƒ’–ǡ ”‡’Š”ƒ•‡ǡ ”‡’”‘†— ‡ ƒ† –”ƒ•‹–‹––Š”‘—‰Š‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

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