A joint Initiative of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Ifo Institute for Economic Research
Working Papers
May 2002
Category 4: Labour Markets
A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the CESifo/ISPE conference on Labor Market Institutions and Public Regulation, Munich, October 2001
CESifo
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An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded• from the SSRN website: http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=316623• from the CESifo website: www.CESifo.de
* We are grateful to Jonas Agell, Michael Keen, Alfons Weichenrieder and Ulrich Woiteck for comments and to Daniele Checchi and Tommaso Di Fonzo for help with the data. Financial support by the University of Padova is gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimer applies.
LABOR TAXES AND WAGES:
EVIDENCE FROM ITALY*
Giorgio Brunello
Maria Laura Parisi
Daniela Sonedda
CESifo Working Paper No. 715
LABOR TAXES AND WAGES: EVIDENCE FROM
ITALY
Abstract
We study the empirical relationship between labor taxation and pretax wages in Italy. We find that higher tax progressivity increases pretax wages. To explain this result, we introduce in an informal way a relative wage effect and argue that the combination of this effect with the labor supply effect dominates the wage moderation effect. We find also evidence that changes in payroll taxes are not fully absorbed by offsetting changes in the pretax wage and affect labor costs and employment. The evidence on the effect of the average income tax rate on pretax wages is more mixed, but it also points to the presence of some degree of real wage resistance. Finally, we find significant differences in the relationship between labor taxes and pretax wages by age group but not by skill or region of residence.
JEL Classification: H24
Keywords: progressive taxation, wage determination, Italy.
Giorgio Brunello University of Padova
Department of Economic Science Via del Santo 33
35100 Padova Italy
Brunello@decon.unipd.it
Maria Laura Parisi University of Padova Department of Economic
Science Via del Santo 33
35100 Padova Italy
Daniela Sonedda University College London
Gower Street London WC1 E6 BT
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year
unempl. rate - skilled unempl. rate - unskilled
75 80 85 90 95 .05
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year
net wage - skilled net wage - unskilled
75 80 85 90 95 0 10000 20000 30000 year
avg. income tax - skilled avg. income tax - unskilled
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progressivity - skilled progressivity - unskilled
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net wage - adults net wage - young
75 80 85 90 95 0 10000 20000 30000 year
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