GDP per capita (€) and annual growth (%)
in Turkey and the EU-28
Public finances, monetary and financial data
FDI and remittances to
Turkey and the EU-28
Turkey business environment and socio-economic indicators
The Ease of Doing Business’s ‘distance to frontier’ score assesses the overall level of regulatory performance of a country. It ranges from 0=’lowest performance’ to 100=’the frontier’, the best performance observed worldwide each year.
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the average achievement in key dimensions of human development. It is based on life expectancy at birth, average duration of education and GDP per capita. It ranges from 0 to 100. ‘High human development countries’ (UN) are in the range between 70 and 80.
The Corruption Perception Index measures the perceived levels of public–sector corruption worldwide. Scores range from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). In 2016, two thirds of countries scored below 50.
The GINI Index measures the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households within a country from a perfectly equal distribution. It is hence a measure of inequality in income distri-bution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality.
Public debt (% of GDP)
Surplus/deficit (% of GDP)
Remittances received (% of GDP)
FDI net inflows (% of GDP)
GDP per capita
(left axis)
EU-28
Turkey
GDP growth
(right axis)
Turkey
EU-28
TR lira/euro exchange rate (right axis)
Inflation rate TR (%, left axis)
Turkey total unemployment and
female labour market participation
Female labour force participation (left axis)
Total unemployment (right axis)
€ thousand
Th
ous
an
ds
€
28.8
2.2%
4.0%
8.5
9.2%
32.2%
EU-28
Turkey
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%7.7%
3.02
Turkey
EU-28
Rank
75/176 72/188 69/190 83/142Score
Ease of Doing Business
Human Development Index*
Corruption Perception Index
GINI Index*
Worst Best Best Worst 100 100 100 0 0 0 76.1 67.2 41.0 100 0 40.0Turkey: Economic indicators and trade with EU
EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service EUI | European University Institute
Authors: Giulio Sabbati and Philippe Perchoc, Members’ Research Service; Caterina Francesca Guidi, GlobalStat | EUI
PE 603.912
At a glance
June 2017
Infographic
EU exports of goods to Turkey (2016)
EU imports of goods from Turkey (2016)
EU trade with Turkey
Other
Rubber
Plastic articles
Iron and steel
Gemstones
Electrical,
electronic equipment
Agri-food
Machinery and
mechanical
appliances
Clothing
accessories
Cars and trucks
23.1% 14.3% 10.9% 7.5% 5.1% 5.0% 6.4% 2.0% 3.3% 22.4%Main trade partners (2016)
Trade in goods, exports plus imports
EU
US
Other
Other
APEC
members
Japan: 3.6%
Turkey: 4.2%
Russia
Switzerland
China
US
17.7%
14.9%
5.5%
7.6%
14.0%
28.7%
India: 2.2%
Mexico: 1.6%
EU
Top EU partners (2016)
Trade in goods
EU exports to Turkey
EU imports from Turkey
78
67
12
16
Imports
Exports
Imports
Exports
€ billion
35.7
17.1
16.3
13.1
10.1
9.5
8.4
4.9
4.4
3.5
EU imports from Turkey
EU export to Turkey
|1|+|2|
0
20
35.7
10
30
€ billion
OtherOther APEC members Iraq UAE Iran Russia US China EU-28 42.8% 8.1% 7.4% 23.6%
TR
UAE 2.7% Iraq 2.5% Other APEC Members EU-28 China US 5.1% Russia 5.0% Iran 2.8% OthersOther
Optical
instruments
Oil, gas, coal
Pharmaceutical
products
Agri-food
Iron and steel
Plastic and rubber
Electrical,
electronic
equipment
Machinery and
mechanical
appliances
Vehicles
and aircraft
19.9% 19.0% 9.0% 7.5% 7.2% 3.8% 3.6% 3.5% 3.3% 23.2%Goods (2006-2016)
Services (2010-2015)
EU Financial assistance to Turkey under IPA II
(2014-2020, allocations)
EIB preferential loans to Turkey:
EIB finance contracts signed on water, sewerage
and transport in 2016; health, energy and credit
lines in 2016 and 2017.
1 581.4
1 525.3
912.2
435.0
Reforms in preparation for Union membership
Socio-economic and regional development
Agriculture and rural development Education, employment and social policies
€4 454
million
IPA: Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance
Water, sewerage
Health
Energy
Credit lines
1 600
320
320
240
15
Transport
€ million
NotesGlobalStat is a project developed by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme (Italy) and the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation (Portugal). Data Sources for Page 1: GDP figures, inflation and exchange rates are from IMF WEO (October 2016) and Eurostat (2016); Labour market data are from World Bank WDI based on ILO KILM (2016); FDI and remittances data are estimates from World Bank staff based on IMF BoP data (2016); HDI and GINI indexes are from UNDP HDR (2015) and are re-scaled (*) from 0 - 1 to 0 - 100 for better comparability; CPI is from Transparency International (2016); Doing Business data are from the World Bank Group - Doing Business Unit (2017). Data sources for page 2: EU trade with Turkey, Main trade partners (EU), Top EU partners (goods), EU exports of goods to Turkey (%) and EU imports of goods from Turkey (%) are from ComExt, Eurostat; Other APEC members = Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam; main trade partners (Turkey) are from IMF; UAE = United Arab Emirates, Other APEC members = Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam; EU Financial assistance to Turkey under IPA II (2014-2020, allocations) are from European Commission; EIB preferential loans to Turkey are from EIB (European Investment Bank). Disclaimer and Copyright. The content of this document is the sole responsibility of the authors and any opinions expressed therein do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament and of the European University Institute. It is addressed to the Members and staff of the EP for their parliamentary work. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament and GlobalStat are given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union & GlobalStat, 2017.
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