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Crystalline Phase Modulates the Potency of Nanometric TiO2 to Adhere to and Perturb the Stratum Corneum of Porcine Skin under Indoor Light

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26 July 2021

AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino

Crystalline Phase Modulates the Potency of Nanometric TiO2 to Adhere to and Perturb the Stratum Corneum of Porcine Skin under Indoor Light / Francesco Turci;Elena Peira;Ingrid Corazzari;Ivana Fenoglio;Michele Trotta;Bice Fubini. - In: CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY. - ISSN 0893-228X. - STAMPA. - 26(2013), pp. 1579-1590.

Original Citation:

Crystalline Phase Modulates the Potency of Nanometric TiO2 to Adhere to and Perturb the Stratum Corneum of Porcine Skin under Indoor Light

Published version:

DOI:10.1021/tx400285j

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This is an author version of the contribution published on:

Questa è la versione dell’autore dell’opera:

Turci et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2013,

26 (10), pp 1579–1590

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La versione definitiva è disponibile alla URL:

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Crystalline phase modulates the potency of nanometric

TiO

2

to adhere and perturb the stratum corneum of

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ca.

ζ potential was evaluated by means of electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) (Zetasizer Nano–ZS, Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, U.K.). In this technique the velocity of particle in an oscillating

electric field, which is proportional to its ζ potential, is measured by light scattering. The ζ potential was

measured suspending the nano-TiO2 in the delivery medium without altering the pH, in order to gather

indications on the real surface charge exhibited by the three powders during the skin-interaction

experiments. The ζ potential was measured also at several pH values, adjusting the pH of the dust suspension with 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH and a plot of ζ potential values versus pH was obtained. The

set of experimental points was fitted with a sigmoidal curve (Boltzmann equation) with OriginPro8.0

software suite ( dx x x e A A A y ( 0) 1 2 1 2 ,

where A1 and A2 are the lower and upper horizontal respectively, x0 the

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were carried out under controlled indoor

illumination with a very low content of UV light. The light irradiance was measured by a portable

photoradiometer (Deltahom, Caselle di Selvazzano, Padova, Italy) equipped with two detectors

operating in the Vis−NIR range (400–1050 nm) and in the UVA range (315–400 nm). An irradiance of ca. 750 mW/m2 (Vis-NIR range) and < 1 mW/m2 (UVA) was measured during all experiments. It is

worth noting that experiments of TiO2-induced photodegradation of skin are commonly carried out with

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100 ) 1 ( % b la n k sa mp le H H H

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under controlled indoor

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50 nm

a)

100 nm

b)

100 101 102 103 104

*

D LS int ens it y (%) Size (nm)

c)

100 101 102 103 104

*

D LS int ens it y (%) Size (nm) 101 102 103 104 D LS int ens it y (%)

*

Size (nm) 0 1 10 100 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Pa rtic le number Average diameter ( m) 0 25 50 75 100 Cu mulat ive dis trib ut io n, % 0 1 10 100 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Pa rticle number Average diameter ( m) 0 25 50 75 100 Cumulat ive dist ribution, % 0 1 10 100 1000 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Pa rtic le nu mber Average diameter ( m) 0 25 50 75 100 Cu mula tive dis trib ut io n, %

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Anatase Hombikat UV100 Sachtleben, DE

Rutile MT500 B

LCM Trading, IT Anatase / Rutile Aeroxide P25

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 - p o ten ti al , m V pH 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 pH 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 rutile anatase anatase/rutile pH

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100 µm 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm A A’ B’ B C C’

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c) b) a A B 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 N o rma lize d R a ma n i n te n si ty, AU a,b c,d Raman Shift (cm-1) 2719 2883 2974 3060 2937 2852

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-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 Nega tive C trl A R A/R H2O2 b bc c bc % H o f lip id tr an sit io n a

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  

carboxyl radical

Such radical can be detected via the spin trapping technique and EPR spectroscopy, provided that

concentrated HCO2– and neutral buffered solutions are employed. Despite its slower kinetics, due to the

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330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 A/R A R field, mT

A

A R A/R 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 si gna l i ntensi ty , A .U.

B

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blank A R A/R 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 * *# Abs orbance = 5 3 5 n m , A. U . * Absorbance ( 535 nm) recorded on

the supernatant after incubation of the suspended in a 1

mM suspension of linoleic acid in 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 72 h under indoor illumination.

A linoleic acid suspension without dust was employed as blank. The data are expressed as the mean

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