• Non ci sono risultati.

Peer-review under responsibility of Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Condividi "Peer-review under responsibility of Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment."

Copied!
8
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

1876-6102 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibility of Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment.

doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.007

Energy Procedia 95 ( 2016 ) 29 – 36

ScienceDirect

,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILF&RQIHUHQFH³(QYLURQPHQWDODQG&OLPDWH7HFKQRORJLHV´&21(&7

2FWREHU5LJD/DWYLD

(QYLURQPHQWDODVVHVVPHQWRIFRORFDWLRQDOWHUQDWLYHVIRUDPLFURDOJDH

FXOWLYDWLRQSODQWDFDVHVWXG\LQWKHFLW\RI.LQJVWRQ &DQDGD 

0DVVLPR&ROORWWD D 3DVFDOH&KDPSDJQH E :DUUHQ0DEHH E *LXVHSSH7RPDVRQL D 

0DUFR$OEHUWL D /HRQDUGR%XVL D *XVWDYR%/HLWH E 

a

DIMI, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy

b

Department of Civil Engineering

,

Queen’s University, Ellis Hall, 58 University Avenue, K7L 3N6 Kingston, Ontario, Canada

$EVWUDFW

,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKHUHKDVEHHQJURZLQJLQWHUHVWLQWKHXVHRIPLFURDOJDHDVDIHHGVWRFNIRUELRIXHOVSDUWLFXODUO\IRUELRGLHVHO7KH

SURGXFWLRQSURFHVVRIELRGLHVHOIURPPLFURDOJDHJHQHUDOO\FRQVLVWVRIILYHGLIIHUHQWSKDVHVFXOWLYDWLRQKDUYHVWLQJGU\LQJOLSLG

H[WUDFWLRQDQGWUDQVHVWHULILFDWLRQ:KLOHH[LVWLQJWHFKQRORJLHVDUHDYDLODEOHWRXQGHUWDNHHDFKRIWKHVHSKDVHVWKHSURFHVVZRXOG

EHQHILW IURP HQKDQFHG VXVWDLQDELOLW\ DFKLHYHG E\ UHGXFLQJ HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW DQG FRVWV 2QH SURFHVV LQQRYDWLRQ FXUUHQWO\

XQGHU FRQVLGHUDWLRQ LV WKH XVH RI ZDVWH SURGXFWV DV LQSXWV WR WKH SURFHVV LQFOXGLQJ &2



 FDSWXUHG IURP LQGXVWULDO IOXH JDV RU

QXWULHQWVIURPZDVWHZDWHU7KHVHFRXOGEHHPSOR\HGLQDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQ7KHFRORFDWLRQRIDQDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQSODQWZLWKRWKHU

LQGXVWULDOIDFLOLWLHVVXFKDVDFHPHQWSODQWRUDZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWIDFLOLW\FRXOGUHVXOWLQVLJQLILFDQWO\UHGXFHGDWPRVSKHULF

HPLVVLRQV DQG LPSURYH ZDVWHZDWHU HIIOXHQW GLVFKDUJHV $ FRPSDUDWLYH OLIH F\FOH DVVHVVPHQW DSSURDFK LV XVHG WR H[DPLQH WZR

GLIIHUHQW UHDOLVWLF DOWHUQDWLYHV IRU WKH FRORFDWLRQ RI DQ DOJDH FXOWLYDWLRQ SODQW ZLWK DQ H[LVWLQJ FHPHQW SODQW RU ZDVWHZDWHU

WUHDWPHQWIDFLOLW\QHDU.LQJVWRQ2QWDULR&DQDGD7KHVWXG\VHHNVWRLGHQWLI\DSUHIHUUHGVLWLQJRSWLRQIURPWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRI

PLQLPL]LQJ HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFWV 7KH ILUVW DOWHUQDWLYH LQYROYHV WKH FRORFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH /DIDUJH &HPHQW SODQW RQ WKH QRUWK

VKRUH RI /DNH 2QWDULR QHDU %DWK 2QWDULR 7KH VHFRQG DOWHUQDWLYH FRQVLVWV LQ WKH FRORFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 5DYHQVYLHZ ZDVWHZDWHU

WUHDWPHQWIDFLOLW\HDVWRIWKHFLW\RI.LQJVWRQRQWKH6W/DZUHQFH5LYHU7KHDOJDHSURGXFWLRQSODQWLVEDVHGRQDQRSHQSRQG

WHFKQRORJ\DQGLVDVVXPHGWRKDYHDSURGXFWLRQFDSDFLW\RIDERXWWRQVRIGU\PLFURDOJDOELRPDVVSHU\HDU

‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG

3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI5LJD7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWHRI(QHUJ\6\VWHPVDQG(QYLURQPHQW  Keywords:OLIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQWPLFURDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQSODQWFRORFDWLRQZDVWHZDWHU&2









&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[

E-mail address:PFROORWWD#XQLEVLW

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibility of Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment.

(2)

GHIRUHVWDWLRQ UDWHV DQG GDPDJHV WR ELRGLYHUVLW\ RU WKH ULVH RI IRRG FURS SULFHV $GGLWLRQDOO\ PLFURDOJDH FDQ EH

FXOWLYDWHGLQORZHUTXDOLW\ZDWHUV HJVDOWZDWHUZDVWHZDWHURUUHF\FOHGZDWHU DQGPDUJLQDOODQGV0LFURDOJDHFDQ

DOVR EH HPSOR\HG WR UHPRYH FHUWDLQ ZDWHU SROOXWDQWV LQ ZDVWHZDWHU DQG WKH\ FDQ DIIHFW ZDWHU FKHPLVWU\ DQG

ELRFKHPLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQXQGHUDSSURSULDWH FRQGLWLRQV >@ )LQDOO\ SKRWRV\QWKHVLV IL[HV &2



 LQ WKH JURZWK RI WKH

IHHGVWRFNSURYLGLQJDFDUERQQHXWUDOELRIXHOFRPSDUHGWKHIRVVLOIXHODOWHUQDWLYHV>±@

)RUWKHVHUHDVRQVWKLVVHFWRUPD\SOD\DIXQGDPHQWDOUROHLQWKHIXWXUHHQHUJ\V\VWHPV+RZHYHULWLVLPSRUWDQWWR

GHPRQVWUDWHWKDWPLFURDOJDOEDVHGSURFHVVHVFDQEHHFRQRPLFDOO\DQGHQYLURQPHQWDOO\VXVWDLQDEOHLQWKHORQJWHUP

>@DQGWKLVGHSHQGVRQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRILQQRYDWLYHWHFKQRORJLHVIRUWKHLUFXOWLYDWLRQDQGWUDQVIRUPDWLRQWRZDUG

ZKLFKDJUHDWGHDORIUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWLVLQSURJUHVVWRGD\>@,QSDUWLFXODUUHGXFLQJZDWHUQXWULHQWVDQG

HQHUJ\GHPDQGVUHSUHVHQWVDYDOXDEOHDSSURDFKWRLPSURYHV\VWHPSHUIRUPDQFHDQGHFRQRPLFYLDELOLW\>@$OVR

WKHXVHRIIOXHJDVDVDVRXUFHRI&2



DQGZDVWHZDWHULQVWHDGRIIUHVKZDWHUIRUDOJDOFXOWLYDWLRQFRXOGEULQJDSRVLWLYH

LPSDFWRQWKHFRVWDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHELRIXHOSURGXFWLRQ>±@

$VWKHXVHRIIOXHJDVDQGZDVWHZDWHUPD\EHIDYRUHGE\WKHFRORFDWLRQRIWKHDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQSODQWZLWKRWKHU

LQGXVWULDOIDFLOLWLHVVXFKDVDFHPHQWSODQWRUDZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWIDFLOLW\LQWKLVSDSHUDFRPSDUDWLYHOLIHF\FOH

DVVHVVPHQWDSSURDFKLVXVHGWRH[DPLQHWZRGLIIHUHQWUHDOLVWLFVFHQDULRVIRUWKHFRORFDWLRQRIDQDOJDHSURGXFWLRQ

SODQWEDVHGRQDQRSHQSRQGWHFKQRORJ\DQGKDYLQJDFDSDFLW\RIDERXWWRQVRIPLFURDOJDHSHU\HDU,QSDUWLFXODU

WKHVWXG\VHHNVWRLGHQWLI\WKHSUHIHUUHGVLWLQJRSWLRQIURPWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIPLQLPL]LQJHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWV

7KHILUVWVFHQDULRH[DPLQHVFRORFDWLRQZLWKWKH/DIDUJHFHPHQWSODQWRQWKHQRUWKVKRUHRI/DNH2QWDULRQHDU

%DWK2QWDULR,QWKLVFDVHWKHDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQIRUHVHHVWKHGLUHFWLQMHFWLRQRIDSDUWRIWKHFHPHQWSODQWIOXHJDVDQG

WKHVXSSO\RIQXWULHQWVIURPWKHFHQWUDWHSURYLGHGIURPWKH5DYHQVYLHZZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQWHDVWRIWKHFLW\

RI.LQJVWRQRQWKH6W/DZUHQFH5LYHUWUDQVSRUWHGE\WDQNWUXFN VFHQDULRD RUE\SLSH VFHQDULRE 

7KH VHFRQG VFHQDULR FRQVLGHUV FRORFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 5DYHQVYLHZ ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQW IDFLOLW\ ,Q WKLV FDVH

QXWULHQWVDUHVXSSOLHGWKURXJKWKHFHQWUDWHSURGXFHGE\WKHZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQWLWVHOIZKLOH&2



LVSURYLGHG

IURPWKH/DIDUJHFHPHQWSODQWIOXHJDVFRQYH\HGWRWKHDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQIDFLOLW\YLDSLSH

,QWKHIROORZLQJWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHFRORFDWLRQDOWHUQDWLYHVFRQVLGHUHGLVSUHVHQWHGRQWKHEDVLVRIDQDVVXPHG

LQYHQWRU\ RI ELRPDVV DQG UHVXOWLQJ HQHUJ\ EDODQFHV )LQDOO\ UHVXOWV REWDLQHG XVLQJ WKH 5H&L3H PHWKRG LQ WKH

FRPSXWDWLRQRIHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVEDVHGRQWKHVHDOWHUQDWLYHVDUHGLVFXVVHG

7KHJRDODQGVFRSHRIWKHDQDO\VLV

7KH DQDO\VLV VHHNV WR LGHQWLI\ D SUHIHUUHG FRORFDWLRQ VROXWLRQ EHWZHHQ WZR UHDOLVWLF DOWHUQDWLYHV IRU DQ DOJDO

FXOWLYDWLRQSRQGZLWKDFDSDFLW\RIDSSUR[LPDWHO\WRQVRIGU\DOJDOELRPDVVSHU\HDU7KHWZRVLWHVFRQVLGHUHG

IRUWKHFRORFDWLRQLHWKH5DYHQVYLHZZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQWDQGWKH%DWK/DIDUJHFHPHQWSODQWQHDUWKHFLW\

RI.LQJVWRQ &DQDGD ZHUHVHOHFWHGEHFDXVHWKH\SURGXFHZDVWHLHIOXHJDVDQGFHQWUDWHWKDWFDQEHHPSOR\HGDV

VRXUFHVRI&2



DQGQXWULHQWVIRUDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQDQGEHFDXVHRIWKHLUUHODWLYHSUR[LPLW\ aNPIURPHDFKRWKHU 

7KHLQGXVWULDOV\VWHPIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIELRGLHVHOIURPPLFURDOJDHFRQVLGHUHGLQWKLVDQDO\VLVLVVKRZQLQ)LJ

,QWKLVVWXG\WKH/&$DGRSWVDFRQVHTXHQWLDODSSURDFKLHLWLVQRWLQWHQGHGWRTXDQWLI\WKHZKROHHQYLURQPHQWDO

LPSDFW JHQHUDWHG E\ WKH HQWLUH LQGXVWULDO V\VWHP EXW RQO\ WKH GLIIHUHQFHV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH WZR FRORFDWLRQ

DOWHUQDWLYHVZKLFKRQO\RFFXUVDWWKHDOJDOFXOWLYDWLRQSKDVH



(3)

 )LJ%LRGLHVHOIURPPLFURDOJDHSURGXFWLRQSURFHVVZLWKPDLQLQSXWVDQGRXWSXWV

7DEOH  VXPPDUL]HV WKH PDLQ GLIIHUHQFHV DPRQJ WKH WKUHH VFHQDULRV FRQVLGHUHG ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH VXSSO\ RI

&2



QXWULHQWVDQGZDWHUIRUWKHDOJDHFXOWLYDWLRQ

7DEOH6FHQDULRVRYHUYLHZ

6FHQDULR &RORFDWLRQVLWH &2



VXSSO\ 1XWULHQWVVXSSO\ :DWHUVXSSO\

6FHQDULRD %DWK/DIDUJH

FHPHQWSODQW )URPFHPHQWSODQWIOXHJDV

)URPFHQWUDWHFRPLQJIURPZDVWHZDWHU

WUHDWPHQWSODQWWUDQVSRUWHGWRWKHDOJDH

SRQGZLWKDWDQNWUXFN

)UHVKZDWHU

6FHQDULRE %DWK/DIDUJH

FHPHQWSODQW )URPFHPHQWSODQWIOXHJDV

)URPFHQWUDWHFRPLQJIURPZDVWHZDWHU

WUHDWPHQWSODQWFRQYH\HGWRWKHDOJDHSRQG

YLDSLSH

)UHVKZDWHU

6FHQDULR

5DYHQVYLHZ

ZDVWHZDWHU

WUHDWPHQWSODQW

)URPFHPHQWSODQWIOXHJDVFRQYH\HG

WRWKHDOJDHSRQGYLDSLSH

)URPFHQWUDWHFRPLQJIURPZDVWHZDWHU

WUHDWPHQWSODQW :DVWHZDWHU



7KH IXQFWLRQDO XQLW FKRVHQ IRU WKH VWXG\ ZDV WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI NJ RI GU\ DOJDO ELRPDVV 7KH VHOHFWHG VWUDLQ

Chlorella vulgaris, DFKLHYHRQDYHUDJHDELRPDVVFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIGU\ZHLJKW ': DQGZDVVHOHFWHGDVD

PRGHOVSHFLHVDVLWKDVEHHQVKRZQWRJURZZHOOLQZDVWHZDWHUSURYLGHQXWULHQWSROLVKLQJDQGLVUREXVWDVZHOODV

RQH RI WKH SUHGRPLQDQW VSHFLHV LQ SRQG V\VWHPV WKURXJKRXW 1RUWK $PHULFD >@ $V WKH FXOWLYDWLRQ FRQGLWLRQV

VKRXOGEHWKHVDPHLQDOOVFHQDULRVFRQVLGHUHGWKHVDPHOLSLG\LHOGZDVDVVXPHGUHJDUGOHVVRIWKHFRORFDWLRQ

/LIHF\FOHLQYHQWRU\

$VVWDWHGDERYHWKH/&$DQDO\VLVDGRSWVDFRQVHTXHQWLDODSSURDFKDQGRQO\WKHUHVXOWLQJGLIIHUHQWLDOLQSXWDQG

RXWSXWPDVVDQGHQHUJ\IORZVZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDVWKH\FRQFHUQWKHVXSSO\RI&2



QXWULHQWVDQGZDWHUWRWKHDOJDH

FXOWLYDWLRQSRQG)RUWKHVHOHFWHGDOJDOVSHFLHVC. vulgarisDQGIRURSHQSRQGWHFKQRORJ\WKHDYHUDJHJURZWKUDWH

RIJP



G 07P\U ZDVDVVXPHG>@

,Q DQ DOJDO FXOWLYDWLRQ VHYHUDO QXWULHQWV DUH UHTXLUHG DV GLIIHUHQW PHWDOV &DOFLXP 3RWDVVLXP 0DJQHVLXP

9LWDPLQV HWF1HYHUWKHOHVV WKH WZR PRVWGHPDQGHGRQHVDUH1LWURJHQ DQG 3KRVSKRURXV DQG WKHVHDUHXVXDOO\

WKHJURZWKOLPLWLQJIDFWRUVLQDFXOWLYDWLRQV\VWHP 7KHDQDHURELFGLJHVWHUHIIOXHQW FHQWUDWH LVDULFKVRXUFHRI

LQRUJDQLF QXWULHQWV IRU SKRWRDXWRWURSKLF FXOWLYDWLRQV >@ 7KH DQDO\VLV RI WKH FHQWUDWH SURGXFHG DW WKH

5DYHQVYLHZ :DVWHZDWHU 7UHDWPHQW SODQW UHYHDOHG WKDW WKH UDWLR RI 13 ZDV SDUWLFXODUO\ KLJK 7KXV WKH

SURGXFWLRQ FDSDFLW\ RI WKH DOJDO SRQG ZDV OLPLWHG LQ RUGHU WR DYRLG DGGLWLRQDO &2



 RU QXWULHQWV VXSSO\

UHTXLUHPHQWV IURP H[WHUQDO VRXUFHV %DVHG RQ SUHOLPLQDU\ FDOFXODWLRQV >@ RQH RI WKH WHFKQRHFRQRPLF

ERWWOHQHFNVH[LVWVLQWKHDYDLODELOLW\RI3KRVSKDWHLQWKHFHQWUDWHSURGXFHGE\WKHZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQW7KH

(4)

7DEOH&RPSRVLWLRQILQDOHIIOXHQW5DYHQVYLHZZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQW 'DWDFROOHFWHGIURP5HYHQVYLHZ::73 

5DYHQVYLHZ&HQWUDWHXQILOWHUHG 9DOXH 5DYHQVYLHZ&HQWUDWHXQILOWHUHG 9DOXH

'DLO\FHQWUDWHYROXPH P



G   3KRVSKRUXVFRQFHQWUDWLRQ PJO  

7RWDOFHQWUDWHYROXPH P



\   1LWURJHQFRQFHQWUDWLRQ PJO  

3KRVSDWHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ PJO   3RWDVVLXPFRQFHQWUDWLRQ PJO  



,QGHWHUPLQLQJWKHGLPHQVLRQVRIWKHSLSLQJV\VWHPWRFRQYH\FHQWUDWHIURPWKHZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQWWR

WKH FHPHQW SODQW VFHQDULR E  D IORZ UDWH RI  P



K  KRXUV SHU GD\ ZDV DVVXPHG DQG D SLSH ZLWK D

GLDPHWHURIPPZLWKDOHQJWKRINPZDVVHOHFWHGHQWDLOLQJDG\QDPLFSUHVVXUHGURSRINJFP



DQG

UHTXLULQJDSXPSDEVRUELQJN:$OLIHWLPHRI\HDUVZDVDVVXPHG,QGHWHUPLQLQJWKHGLPHQVLRQVRIWKH

SLSLQJ V\VWHP WR FRQYH\ IOXH JDV IURP WKH FHPHQW SODQW WR WKH ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SODQW VFHQDULR   D &2



 FRQFHQWUDWLRQRIDQGDQHHGRINJRI&2



SHUNJRIGU\DOJDHELRPDVVSURGXFHGZDVDVVXPHG>@)RUD

IOXHJDVIORZUDWHRIP



KDSLSHZLWKDGLDPHWHURIFPDQGDOHQJWKRINPZDVVHOHFWHGHQWDLOLQJD

G\QDPLF SUHVVXUH GURS RI  PP +2 DQG UHTXLULQJ DQ DLU WXUELQH DEVRUELQJ DERXW  N: $ OLIHWLPH RI 

\HDUVZDVDOVRDVVXPHGLQWKLVFDVH7DEOHVXPPDUL]HVWKHPDLQLQYHQWRU\GDWDIRUWKHVHOHFWHGIXQFWLRQDOXQLW

LHWKHSURGXFWLRQRINJRIDOJDH ': DQGWRHDFKRIWKHWKUHHVFHQDULR,QYHQWRU\GDWDUHJDUGLQJIUHVKZDWHU

UHILOOLQJ WDQN WUXFN HOHFWULF HQHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQ SLSHV FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG RSHUDWLRQV KDYH EHHQ WDNHQ IURP WKH

(FRLQYHQW9GDWDEDVH>@

7DEOH0DLQLQYHQWRU\GDWDIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRINJ ': RIDOJDHELRPDVV 

,QYHQWRU\IORZ 6FHQDULRD 6FHQDULRE 6FHQDULR

7UDQVSRUWE\WDQNWUXFN WNP    

(OHFWULFHQHUJ\WRFRQYH\IOXHJDVYLDSLSH N:K    

(OHFWULFHQHUJ\WRFRQYH\FHQWUDWHYLDSLSH N:K    

3LSHFRQVWUXFWLRQWRFRQYH\IOXHJDV P    

3LSHFRQVWUXFWLRQWRFRQYH\FHQWUDWH P    

)UHVKZDWHUFRQVXPSWLRQ NJ    

/LIHF\FOHLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQW

7KHOLIHF\FOHLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQWTXDQWLILHVWKHSRVLWLYHRUQHJDWLYHLPSDFWRISURFHVVLQYHQWRU\IORZV)RUWKLV

DQDO\VLV WKH 5H&L3H LPSDFW DVVHVVPHQW PHWKRG ZDV DGRSWHG ,W FRQVLGHUV WKH IROORZLQJ LPSDFW FDWHJRULHV

FOLPDWH FKDQJH KXPDQ KHDOWK R]RQH GHSOHWLRQ KXPDQ WR[LFLW\ SKRWRFKHPLFDO R[LGDQW IRUPDWLRQ SDUWLFXODWH

PDWWHU IRUPDWLRQ LRQLVLQJ UDGLDWLRQ FOLPDWH FKDQJH HFRV\VWHPV WHUUHVWULDO DFLGLILFDWLRQ IUHVKZDWHU

HXWURSKLFDWLRQ WHUUHVWULDO HFRWR[LFLW\ PDULQH HFRWR[LFLW\ DJULFXOWXUDO ODQG RFFXSDWLRQ XUEDQ ODQG RFFXSDWLRQ

(5)

QDWXUDO ODQG WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ PHWDO GHSOHWLRQ DQG IRVVLO GHSOHWLRQ $OO FDOFXODWLRQV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ

6LPD3UR9VRIWZDUH>@

$VSUHYLRXVO\VWDWHGWKHREMHFWLYHRIWKLVZRUNZDVWRLGHQWLI\WKHSUHIHUDEOHFRORFDWLRQRSWLRQIRUDQDOJDH

SURGXFWLRQSODQWEHWZHHQWZRDOWHUQDWLYHVVLWHVDQGDPRQJWKUHHFRORFDWLRQVFHQDULRV)LJSUHVHQWVWKHUHVXOWV

RIWKHFRPSDULVRQWURXJKFKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQEHWZHHQVFHQDULRD LHFRORFDWLRQZLWK%DWK/DIDUJHFHPHQWSODQW

DQG WUDQVSRUW RI FHQWUDWH IURP 5DYHQVYLHZ ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SODQW E\ WDQN WUXFN  DQG VFHQDULR  LH FR

ORFDWLRQZLWK WKH 5DYHQVYLHZZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQW DQGIOXHJDVFRQYH\HG IURP WKH %DWK/DIDUJH FHPHQW

SODQWYLDSLSH ,QSDUWLFXODUWKHUHGDQGJUHHQEDUVVKRZWKHUHODWLYHLPSDFWRIWKHWZRVFHQDULRVFRPSDUHGLQ

HDFKLPSDFWFDWHJRU\

5HVXOWVKLJKOLJKWDVWURQJSUHIHUHQFHIRUVFHQDULRIRUDOOLPSDFWFDWHJRULHVZKLFKLVPDLQO\GXHWRWKHKLJK

HQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHWUDQVSRUWRIWKHFHQWUDWHYLDWDQNWUXFN7KLVLVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKHIDFW

WKDWDIWHUQRUPDOL]DWLRQVKRZQLQ)LJWKHPRVWLPSDFWHGFDWHJRULHVDUHIRVVLOGHSOHWLRQKXPDQKHDOWKKXPDQ

WR[LFLW\SDUWLFXODWHPDWWHUIRUPDWLRQFOLPDWHFKDQJHDQGQDWXUDOODQGWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ





)LJ&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQVFHQDULRD UHGEDUV DQGVFHQDULR JUHHQEDUV DIWHUQRUPDOL]DWLRQ

(6)

 )LJ&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQVFHQDULRD UHGEDUV DQGVFHQDULR UHGEDUV 

)LJ  DQG )LJ  WKH UHVXOWV REWDLQHG IURP WKH FRPSDULVRQ EHWZHHQ VFHQDULR E LH FRORFDWLRQ ZLWK %DWK

/DIDUJHFHPHQWSODQWDQGWUDQVSRUWRIFHQWUDWHIURP5DYHQVYLHZZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQWYLDSLSH DQGVFHQDULR

LH FRORFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 5DYHQVYLHZ ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SODQW DQG IOXH JDV FRQYH\HG IURP WKH %DWK /DIDUJH

FHPHQWSODQWYLDSLSH DUHVKRZQ)RUDOOWKHLPSDFWFDWHJRULHVFRQVLGHUHGE\WKH5H&L3HPHWKRGWKHVHYHULW\RIWKH

LPSDFWRIVFHQDULREZDVWKUHHWLPHVKLJKHUWKDQWKDWRIVFHQDULR,QWKLVFDVHWKHGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQWKHWZR

VFHQDULRVODUJHO\GHSHQGHGRQWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHHOHFWULFHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQRIWKHSXPSIRUWKHWUDQVSRUW

RIFHQWUDWHFRQWDLQLQJQXWULHQWVDQGWKHHOHFWULFHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQRIWKHDLUWXUELQHWRFRQYH\WKHFHPHQWSODQW

IOXHJDVFRQWDLQLQJ&2









)LJ&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQVFHQDULRE UHGEDUV DQGVFHQDULR UHGEDUV 

(7)



)LJ&RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQVFHQDULRE UHGEDUV DQGVFHQDULR UHGEDUV DIWHUQRUPDOL]DWLRQ

&RQFOXVLRQ

,Q WKLV ZRUN D FRPSDUDWLYH OLIH F\FOH DVVHVVPHQW DSSURDFK ZDV XVHG WR H[DPLQH WZR GLIIHUHQW UHDOLVWLF

DOWHUQDWLYHV IRU WKH FRORFDWLRQ RI DQ DOJDO FXOWLYDWLRQ SODQW ZLWK DQ H[LVWLQJ FHPHQW SODQW RU ZLWK D ZDVWHZDWHU

WUHDWPHQW IDFLOLW\ ERWK ORFDWHG QHDU .LQJVWRQ 2QWDULR &DQDGD ,Q WKH DQDO\VLV D FRQVHTXHQWLDO DSSURDFK ZDV

DGRSWHG PHDQLQJ WKDW RQO\ GLIIHUHQWLDO PDVV DQG HQHUJ\ LQSXWV DQG RXWSXWV ZHUH TXDQWLILHG DQG DVVHVVHG 7KH

SULPDU\ DLP RI FRORFDWLRQ ZRXOG EH WR PDNH ZDVWH VWUHDPV IURP WKHVH WZR SODQWV LQ SDUWLFXODU FHQWUDWH IURP

::73 DQG IOXHJDVIURP FHPHQW SODQW DV VRXUFHVRIQXWULHQWV DQG &2



 DYDLODEOHIRU WKH FXOWLYDWLRQRI DOJDH ,Q

ERWKDOWHUQDWLYHVLQDGGLWLRQWRWKHDYDLODELOLW\RIFHQWUDWHRUIOXHJDV GHSHQGLQJRQWKHVFHQDULRFRQVLGHUHG WKH

FRQFRPLWDQWWUDQVSRUWRIIOXHJDVRUFHQWUDWHIURPHDFKVLWHZDVFRQVLGHUHG:LWKUHJDUGWRWKHVSHFLILFFDVHXQGHU

FRQVLGHUDWLRQ WKH UHVXOWV GHPRQVWUDWHG WKDW WKH EHVW VROXWLRQ ZDV LQ WKH FRORFDWLRQ RI WKH DOJDO SODQW ZLWK WKH

FHPHQWSODQWLQFDVHWKHWUDQVSRUWRIFHQWUDWHIURPWKHZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQWLVSHUIRUPHGYLDSLSHOLQHZKLOH

WKHWUDQVSRUWRIFHQWUDWHZLWKWDQNWUXFNVLPSOLHVDPXFKKLJKHUHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFW0RUHJHQHUDOO\LWZDVDOVR

VHHQWKDWLQERWKFDVHVFHQWUDWHDQGIOXHJDVZHUHWUDQVSRUWHGYLDSLSHWKHSUHIHUUHGVROXWLRQHVVHQWLDOO\GHSHQGVRQ

WKHHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQUHTXLUHGIRUWKHWUDQVSRUWRIWKHZDVWHVWUHDPVZKLFKLQGHHGFRXOGFRQVLGHUDEO\GHSHQGRQ

WKHVSHFLILFFRQGLWLRQVSDUWLFXODUO\WKHUHODWLYHGLVWDQFHDQGWKHDOWLWXGHVRIWKHFRORFDWLRQVLWHVFRQVLGHUHG

5HIHUHQFHV

>@ 6WHSKHQVRQ$/.D]DPLD('HQQLV-6+RZH&-6FRWW66PLWK$*/LIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQWRISRWHQWLDODOJDOELRGLHVHOSURGXFWLRQLQWKH

8QLWHG.LQJGRP$FRPSDULVRQRIUDFHZD\VDQGDLUOLIWWXEXODUELRUHDFWRUV(QHUJ\DQG)XHOV  ±

>@ &ROOHW3+pOLDV$UQDXG$/DUGRQ/5DV0*R\5$6WH\HU-3/LIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQWRIPLFURDOJDHFXOWXUHFRXSOHGWRELRJDVSURGXFWLRQ

%LRUHVRXUFH7HFKQRORJ\  ±

>@ 3DVWDUH/5RPDJQROL)/DXND'']HQH,.X]QHFRYD76XVWDLQDEOHXVHRI0DFUR$OJDHIRUELRJDVSURGXFWLRQLQ/DWYLDQFRQGLWLRQVD

SUHOLPLQDU\VWXG\WKURXJKDQLQWHJUDWHG0FDDQG/FDDSSURDFK(QYLURQPHQWDODQG&OLPDWH7HFKQRORJLHV  ±

>@ &ODUHQV $) 5HVXUUHFFLRQ (3 :KLWH 0$ &RORVL /0 (QYLURQPHQWDO /LIH &\FOH &RPSDULVRQ RI $OJDH WR 2WKHU %LRHQHUJ\ )HHGVWRFNV

(QYLURQPHQWDO6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\  ±

>@ 5RGROIL/&KLQL=LWWHOOL*%DVVL13DGRYDQL*%LRQGL1%RQLQL*7UHGLFL050LFURDOJDHIRURLO6WUDLQVHOHFWLRQLQGXFWLRQRIOLSLG

V\QWKHVLVDQGRXWGRRUPDVVFXOWLYDWLRQLQDORZFRVWSKRWRELRUHDFWRU%LRWHFKQRORJ\DQG%LRHQJLQHHULQJ  ±

>@ 6FRWW 6$ 'DYH\ 03 'HQQLV -6 +RUVW , +RZH &- /HD6PLWK '- 6PLWK $* %LRGLHVHO IURP DOJDH &KDOOHQJHV DQG SURVSHFWV &XUUHQW

2SLQLRQLQ%LRWHFKQRORJ\  ±

(8)

&KORUHOODYXOJDULV%LRUHVRXUFH7HFKQRORJ\  ±

>@ (FRLQYHQWGDWDYILQDOUHSRUWVHFRLQYHQW(FRLQYHQWFHQWHU'EHQGRUI&+HGQ6ZLVVFHQWUHIRU/LIH&\FOH,QYHQWRULHV

>@ /DUGRQ / +HғOLDV $ 6LDOYH % 6WH\HU -3 %HUQDUG 2 /LIH&\FOH $VVHVVPHQW RI %LRGLHVHO 3URGXFWLRQ IURP 0LFURDOJDH (QYLURQPHQWDO

6FLHQFH 7HFKQRORJ\  ±

>@ +XQWOH\0(-RKQVRQ=,%URZQ6/6LOOV'/*HUEHU/$UFKLEDOG,0DFKHVN\6&*UDQDGRV-%HDO&*UHHQH&+'HPRQVWUDWHGODUJH

VFDOHSURGXFWLRQRIPDULQHPLFURDOJDHIRUIXHOVDQGIHHG$/*$/±

>@ $ULWD &(4 3HHEOHV & %UDGOH\ 7+ 6FDODELOLW\ RI FRPELQLQJ PLFURDOJDHEDVHG ELRIXHOV ZLWK ZDVWHZDWHU IDFLOLWLHV $ UHYLHZ $/*$/

±

>@ $EGHOD]L] $(0 /HLWH *% +DOOHQEHFN 3& $GGUHVVLQJ WKH FKDOOHQJHV IRU VXVWDLQDEOH SURGXFWLRQ RI DOJDO ELRIXHOV , $OJDO VWUDLQV DQG

QXWULHQWVXSSO\(QYLURQPHQWDO7HFKQRORJ\ ± ±

>@ /L<+DQ);X+0X-'L&KHQ)HQJ%=HQJ+3RWHQWLDOOLSLGDFFXPXODWLRQDQGJURZWKFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKHJUHHQDOJD&KORUHOODZLWK

FRPELQDWLRQFXOWLYDWLRQPRGHRIQLWURJHQ 1 DQGSKRVSKRUXV 3 %LRUHVRXUFH7HFKQRORJ\±

>@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO62UJDQL]DWLRQ,62(QYLURQPHQWDOPDQDJHPHQW/LIHF\FOHDVVHVVPHQW3ULQFLSOHVDQGIUDPHZRUN

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

Tali furono i casi di Savigliano, di Cuneo e di Fossano, tutti nell’orbita politica del comune di Asti, e proprio la Storia di Savigliano del 1844 costituisce un buon esempio

This eventuality is described by the fact that input thermal power of the simple ORC system is low, because Jack water is used as heat transfer between air cooler

We shall restrict to the orthogonal 4pt tensor structures (3.43), which in general allow us to access the weighted averages of the expansion coefficients of t- and u-channel CPWs into

Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The Academy of Aphasia Available online at www.sciencedirect.com.. © 2012 Published by

they  publish  and  their  decision  to  accept  or  reject  a  paper  for  publication  has  been 

they  publish  and  their  decision  to  accept  or  reject  a  paper  for  publication  has  been 

Seroni Anyona, PhD, Jomo Kenyata University of Agriculture and Technology Yunliang Tan, PhDShandong University of Science and Technology. Asmelash Abay, College of Natural

The primary goal of this work is to show a robust method for uncertainty quan- tification applied to energy systems. The first step in this direction was made do- ing a work on