Università degli Studi di Pisa - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze di Base Galileo Galilei
Programma di Scienze della Terra
XXIII Ciclo
DISSERTAZIONE FINALE
M
ATIAM
ENICHINIA multidisciplinary approach to define the hydrogeological model of
aquifer systems in the "Fiume Versilia" catchment and the adjacent
coastal plain (Northwest Tuscany, Italy)
Tutor: Prof. Mauro Rosi
Dott.ssa Brunella Raco
Co-tutor: Dott. Marco Doveri
Dott. Roberto Giannecchini
Referee: Prof.ssa Tullia Bonomi
Dott.ssa Elissavet Dotsika
Direttore della Scuola
Prof. Fabrizio Broglia
Presidente del Programma
… in ricordo di …
Sauro Menichini
il mio caro nonno
con il quale avrei voluto
condividere questo particolare
Riassunto 1. Introduction
1.1 Disciplinary contribution and collaborations 2. The study area
2.1 Geographical and geomorphologic framework 2.2 Hydrographic framework
2.3 Geological framework 2.4 Hydrogeological framework 2.5 Climatic brief
3. Geological-hydrogeological-geochemical study of mountain aquifer systems 3.1 Sampling, chemical and isotopic analyses
3.1.1 Sampling, chemical and isotopic analyses of rocks
3.1.2 Sampling, chemical and isotopic analyses of PM10 and rainwater 3.1.3 Sampling, chemical and isotopic analyses of waters
3.2 Modeling water-rock interaction processes
3.2.1 Host rocks
3.2.2 Atmospheric particulate matter and rainwater 3.2.3 Groundwater geochemistry and isotopic ratios 3.2.4 Speciation calculations and saturation state 3.2.5 From rainwater to groundwater
3.2.6 Geochemical conceptual model
3.3 Hydrogeological conceptual model of the main springs 3.3.1 Geological and hydrogeological considerations
3.3.2 Hydrogeochemical considerations
3.3.3 Delimitation of the feeding zone
4. Hydrogeological-geochemical study of coastal plain aquifer systems 4.1 Geological and hydrogeological characterization
4.1.1 Hydrostructural model and 3D reconstruction 4.1.2 Groundwater levels and stored water volumes 4.1.3 Groundwater levels evolution for the past years 4.1.4 Hydrodynamic parameters
4.2 Hydrogeochemical characterization
4.2.1 Previous hydrogeochemical data and their indications 4.2.1.1 Evolution of salinization for the past years
4.2.1.2 Geochemical considerations based on previous data 4.2.2 New geochemical data
4.2.2.1 Conductivity maps and vertical logs 4.2.2.2 Sampling and chemical-isotopic analyses
4.2.2.3 Geochemistry, speciation calculation and saturation state
4.2.2.4 Isotope geochemistry
4.2.3 Hydrogeochemical considerations based on new data 4.3 Conceptual model of the coastal plain aquifer systems
5. Groundwater flow model for the coastal plain aquifer system
5.1 Discretization and representation of the hydrogeologic framework 5.2 Specifying properties of cells
5.3 Representation of boundary conditions 5.4 Results and discussion
6. Conclusions References Ringraziamenti 1 11 13 14 14 21 24 48 60 65 66 66 67 69 74 74 79 90 104 119 127 129 130 162 165 171 172 173 197 202 220 227 228 229 243 258 258 267 273 287 293 296 298 300 302 304 312 321 327 341
Appendix
I Chemical and isotopic analyses
I.I Chemical and isotopic analyses of the rocks I.II Chemical and isotopic analyses of the springs I.III Chemical and isotopic analyses of wells and rivers II Stratigraphic logs i ii iii viii xxiv
