Rivoluzione informazionale Rivoluzione informazionale && commons commons

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Rivoluzione informazionale Rivoluzione informazionale

&

commons commons

Juan Carlos De Martin Juan Carlos De Martin

NEXA Center for Internet & Society NEXA Center for Internet & Society

Politecnico di Torino Politecnico di Torino

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Il Pubblico Dominio:

la condizione di default per le opere

dell'ingegno

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copyright:

eccezione temporanea

al

pubblico dominio

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“temporanea”:

70 anni dopo

la morte

dell'autore...

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Dueling Videos:

Under Ice

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Under pressure (David Bowie + Queen)

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Ice Ice Baby (Vanilla Ice, Under Pressure samples)

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Under pressure + Ice Ice Baby

= Under Ice

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Under pressure + Ice Ice Baby

= Under Ice

by Stark Effect

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Dueling anime:

FLCL vs NGE

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FLCL ( W ,

Furi Kuri, romanized as Fooly Cooly)

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Neon Genesis Evangelion

( W )

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Under Ice

by Scintilla

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what made it possible?

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lowered the

barriers to entry

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unified

communications network

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THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION 1. personal computers

2. media

3. internet / web

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Technology

Cost

Organizational strategy

Institutional form and detail

Social relations

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Manuscript

Low-capital

High labor Monastic copying No ©; Church

Controls knowledge

Monastic monopoly on knowledge

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Early print

mid-capital

Market-based artisan-printers;

Early capitalists

©; Reformation + vernacular reading Censorship/sponsorship

(e.g. Stationers’ monopoly; Index)

Heterodox literature Expanding literacy

Artisan mobility: to Netherlands and Switzerland

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Scribe: 1 book / year

Printer: 1 book / day

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In Venice 1481-1501 286 printers printed

2 million books

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Early print

mid-capital

Market-based artisan-printers;

Early capitalists

©; Reformation + vernacular reading Censorship/sponsorship

(e.g. Stationers’ monopoly; Index)

Heterodox literature Expanding literacy

Artisan mobility: to Netherlands and Switzerland

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industrial information economy

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Mechanical

Print; telecomms;

Radio etc.

high-capital

Industrialization of;

print, higher dependence

on marketing; professionalization

Passive consumption patterns of mass media Stronger ©/patent; stronger press

Freedom<=>mobilization;

PTT monopoly & subsidies;

Telecom interconnection, RF regulation

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THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION 1. personal computers

2. media

3. internet / web

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Networked Computers

Distributed capital

investment Radical decentralization; larger role for commons-based production

Battle over the institutional ecology of the

digital environment

From consumers to users;

Employees to peers

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Four transactional frameworks

_____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Price- system

Firm

hierarchy

Social sharing & exchange

Government Regulation decentralized

centralized

Market-based Non-market

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1.173.109.925

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40-60%

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reuse

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32 millions artists

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dilettante

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dilettante

amateur

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dilettante

amateur

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How easy is to share,

if I want to do so ?

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reasons to share

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©

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no formalities

required

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default protection:

maximum

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duration:

death + 70 years

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“ask for

permission”

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“...and get it

in writing”

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what about

the public domain?

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©

(and then some more) No rights reserved

(copyright is dead)

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copy-right

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does copy-right make any sense

for bits?

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re-thinking of

copyright

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long term

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what about now?

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©

(and then some more) No rights reserved

(copyright is dead)

Some rights reserved

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standardized

copyright licenses

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Permission is given ex ante

to anyone

for ever

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commons of content created on a

voluntary basis

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incidentally

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not a new idea

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1984

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free software

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another kind of

commons

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13 millions

professional programmers

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100 millions

programming literates

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GNU GPL

Quattro liberta':

1. libertà di analizzare 2. libertà di modificare 3. liberta' di ridistribuire

4. libertà di eseguire

(anche forma modificata)

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CREATIVE COMMONS CREATIVE COMMONS

No-profit corporation based in the USA (San Francisco).

CEO: Lawrence Lessig

(Stanford Law School) Funding from foundations,

Red Hat,Sun, Microsoft + grassroot

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CREATIVE COMMONS CREATIVE COMMONS

• Licenses 1.0 launched on: 12/2002

• Base licenses frequently updated

• Special Projects (Science Commons, CCMixter, iCommons, CC Learn,

CC International, etc.)

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Six Creative Commons Public Licenses (CCPL):

Attribution

Attribution (always)(always) No Commercial Use No Commercial Use No Derivative Works No Derivative Works Share Alike

Share Alike

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Six Creative Commons Public Licenses (CCPL):

Attribution Attribution

Attribution-No Commercial Attribution-No Commercial

Attribution-No Commercial-No Derivatives Attribution-No Commercial-No Derivatives

Attribution-No Derivatives Attribution-No Derivatives

Attribution-ShareAlike Attribution-ShareAlike

Attribution-No Commercial-ShareAlike Attribution-No Commercial-ShareAlike

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Six Creative Commons Public Licenses (CCPL):

BYBY

BY-NCBY-NC

BY-NC-NDBY-NC-ND

BY-NDBY-ND BY-SABY-SA

BY-NC-NDBY-NC-ND

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how ?

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Attribution 3.0 license

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.

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three versions

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lawyer-readable

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lawyer-readable

human-readable

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lawyer-readable

human-readable

machine-readable

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THE DIGITAL CODE:

METADATA METADATA

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METADATA METADATA

Bit describing other bits Bit describing other bits

Expression, Description, Search Expression, Description, Search

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81 millions

cc-licensed photos

on flickr.com alone

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Picture by Sergio Sedoglia some rights reserved (CC Attribution)

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Picture by Josef Stuefer some rights reserved (CC Attribution)

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Picture by Jessica “iessi” some rights reserved (CC Attribution)

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Picture by Anita “Annia316” some rights reserved (CC Attribution)

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Picture by Silvia “La Siza” some rights reserved (CC Attribution-NoDeriv)

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more

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CC - A SUCCESS ? CC - A SUCCESS ?

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december 2005:

39 millions

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june 2006:

151 millions

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individuals

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new artists

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Pearl Jam, David Byrne, Gilberto Gil, Beppe Grillo,

Feltrinelli, Fayard, La Stampa,

MIT, Rice University,

and many others...

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INTERNATIONAL COMMONS INTERNATIONAL COMMONS

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iCommons iCommons

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COMMONERS

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CC

&

OPEN ACCESS

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A new CC Project -

Science Commons:

• Access to publications

• Access to data

• Access to learning material

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CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

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radical changes

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sharing

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be bold

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