Chronic Diseases and Health Care
Stephen J. Morewitz
Chronic Diseases and Health Care:
New Trends in Diabetes, Arthritis,
Osteoporosis, Fibromyalgia, Low
Back Pain, Cardiovascular Disease,
and Cancer
Stephen J. Morewitz morewitz@earthlink.net
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005932043 ISBN-10: 0-387-28778-7 e-ISBN 0-387-28779-5 ISBN-13: 978-0387-28778-2
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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Preface
CHRONIC DISEASES AND HEALTH CARE: New Patterns of Diabetes, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Fibromyalgia, Low Back Pain,
Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer.
Twenty-five million Americans are victims of chronic disease, and approximately two-thirds of all deaths each year are due to cardiovascular disease (including stroke), cancer, and diabetes.
This book evaluates new trends in epidemiology, health care costs, risk factors, treatment and rehabilitation outcomes, stress and coping strategies, social support, disability, patient education, and self-management for seven prevalent chronic diseases. Case studies from a clinical psychologist’s private practice and the research literature are used to clarify the issues underlying chronic diseases and health care.
There are many questions still to be addressed in the field of chronic disease and health care. What is the prevalence of chronic diseases? What are the health care costs associated with these con- ditions? What are the major risk factors and health care disparities that contribute to the development of chronic diseases? How have these risk factors and health care disparities changed over time?
What impact do chronic diseases have on disability, quality of life, and health care disparities? How do individuals cope with the stresses of chronic diseases? What are the most effective forms of social support? What are the most effective treatments and
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rehabilitation programs for chronic diseases? How can patient education and self-management activities be improved to help patients and their families better understand and treat their conditions?
Chapter One analyzes the latest trends in the epidemiology of the seven chronic diseases. Disparities in socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, gender, and age and their impact on chronic dis- eases are stressed in this chapter. Health care planners can use these analyses to improve primary and secondary health care prevention activities through more effective uses of health care resources.
Chapter Two examines the latest information on health costs that can point to a more efficient means of reducing the rising health care costs.
In Chapter Three, Dr. Mark L. Goldstein, a clinical psycholo- gist, uses composite case studies from his practice to illustrate the problems that patients may have in coping with chronic diseases.
In the remaining four chapters, each of the seven chronic diseases is evaluated in terms of five major issues. First, the latest trends in risk factors and health care disparities associated with each chronic condition are explored. Second, the impact of each disease on disability, quality of life, and health care disparities are analyzed. Third, the processes of stress, coping and social support are described. Fourth, latest information on treatment and re- habilitation outcomes are discussed. Finally, new trends in patient education and self-management are presented.
Stephen J. Morewitz January 2006
vi PREFACE
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Mrs. Myra Kalkin Morewitz and Dr. Harry A. Morewitz for their advice and support. I also want to thank Bill Tucker, Public Health Editor at Springer, and Anna Tobias, Psy- chology Associate Editor at Springer, who have been supportive as well as thorough and thoughtful.
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Contents
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1. Chronic Diseases: Epidemiology and Health
Care Disparities . . . . 1 Diabetes
Arthritis Osteoporosis Fibromyalgia Low Back Pain
Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
2. Health Care Costs . . . . 9 Diabetes
Arthritis Osteoporosis Fibromyalgia Low Back Pain
Cardiovascular Diseas Cancer
3. Living with a Chronic Disease
Mark L.Goldstein, Ph.D . . . . 17 4. Diabetes Mellitus . . . . 25
Risk Factors and Health Care Disparities
Disability, Quality of Life, and Health Care Disparities
Stress, Coping, and Social Support
Treatment and Rehabilitation Outcomes Patient Education and Self-Management
5. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis,
Fibromyalgia, and Low Back Pain . . . . 67 Risk Factors and Health Care Disparities
Disability, Quality of Life, and Health Care Disparities Stress, Coping, and Social Support
Treatment and Rehabilitation Outcomes Patient Education and Self-Management
6. Cardiovascular Disease . . . . 139 Risk Factors and Health Care Disparities
Disability, Quality of Life, and Health Care Disparities Stress, Coping, and Social Support
Treatment and Rehabilitation Outcomes Patient Education and Self-Management
7. Cancer . . . . 177 Risk Factors and Health Care Disparities
Disability, Quality of Life, and Health Care Disparities Stress, Coping, and Social Support
Treatment and Rehabilitation Outcomes Patient Education and Self-Management
References . . . . 247 Author Index . . . . 293 Subject Index . . . . 303
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