Tables of Contents
Introduction……….………1
1. Corporate Social Responsibility in the Rail Sector……….…4
1.1 CSR as an Essential Tool for Business Communication………4
1.2 Background and Definition: CSR………...6
1.3 CSR Discourse………....7
1.3.1 CSR Reporting Framework………...8
1.3.2 Annual and CSR Reporting……….10
1.4 CSR European Framework and Directive 2014/95/EU………13
1.5 Corporate Social Responsibility in the Rail Sector………..17
1.6 Historical Background: From State Ownership to Marketization…18 1.7 Railway Liberalization in the EU……….20
1.8 National Infrastructure as a Corporate Social Responsibility Battlefield……….21
2. A Corpus-Based Analysis in the Rail Sector: Methods and Materials……….24
2.1 Research Methodology………24
2.2 Corpus Description………..30
2.2.1 EU National Railway Companies………..….30
2.2.1.1 Subcorpus I………33
2.2.1.1.1 Denmark………...33
2.2.1.1.2 Finland………..34
2.2.1.1.3 France………...34
2.2.1.1.4 Ireland………..35
2.2.1.1.5 Italy………..35
2.2.1.2 Subcorpus II………..36
2.2.1.2.1 Austria………..37
2.2.1.2.2 Czech Republic………....38
2.2.1.2.3 Germany………..39
2.2.1.2.4 Latvia………...39
2.2.1.2.5 Netherlands………..40
2.2.1.2.6 Poland………..……40
2.2.1.2.7 Slovakia………...41
2.2.1.2.8 Slovenia……….…..……42
2.2.1.2.9 Sweden………..….….42
2.2.1.2.10 UK………..……...43
2.2.2 Exceptions among EU National Railway Companies……...…44
2.2.3 Non-EU National Railway Companies in Europe……….48
2.2.3.1 Switzerland………...49
2.2.3.2 Norway……….50
2.2.3.3 Balkan Area………..50
3. Focus on Generic Structure and Future Commitment: CSR Linguistic Analysis and Results………….……….53
3.1 Content Overview and Visual Layout………53
3.1.1 Focus on Subcorpus I………54
3.1.2 Focus on Subcorpus II………...59
3.2 Frequency Wordlist………63
3.2.1 Ensure………..65
3.2.2 Target………...66
3.2.3 Aim………...68
3.2.4 Commitment……….69
3.2.5 Continue………..70
3.2.6 Future………..71
3.2.7 Develop………72
3.2.8 Promote………...73
3.2.9 Attention………74
3.2.10 Engagement………...74
3.3 Analysis of Commissive Lexical Items………..………..76
3.3.1 Non-verbal Forms………..………..77
3.3.1.1 Adjectives and Adverbs………...……...77
3.3.1.2 Nouns………..80
3.3.2 Verbal Markers………86
3.3.2.1 Verbs as Lexical Items………87
3.3.2.2 Clusters expressing Future Commitment…….…………...90
3.3.2.2.1 Clusters with will be………...90
3.3.2.2.2 Self-Referential Clusters with will………...95
3.3.2.2.3 Self-Referential Clusters in the Simple Present……….98
3.3.2.2.4 Self-Referential Clusters in the Present Continuous….101 3.3.2.2.5 Additional Verbal Patterns………103
3.3.2.3 Contextual Forms: our and the will modal…...………….106
3.3.2.3.1 Our………...………….106
3.3.2.3.2 Will………...….109
Conclusions………..113
Background………...113
Corpus………...115
Discussion……….117
Results and Findings……….118
Limitations………123
Future Studies………123
References………125
Sitography………129
Corpus………..131
