Per formare il Simple Past, prima bisogna distinguere i verbi in REGOLARI ed IRREGOLARI.
I verbi REGOLARI sono tutti quei verbi che formano il Passato (Simple Past e Past participle) aggiungendo –ED alla forma base del verbo. Es: watch – watched (to watch
=guardare), walk – walked (to walk = camminare) call – called to call(=chiamare)
Nota : a) - se il verbo finisce già in -e si aggiunge sola la –d es: love-loved, like- liked
b) - se il verbo finisce in –y preceduta da consonante, la –y diventa –i e si aggiunge –ed es: cry-cried (piangere), try-tried (provare), marry-married (sposare). Ma non:
play-played (giocare), stay – stayed (restare)
c) – se il verbo finisce con una consonante preceduta da una vocale, la consonante si raddoppia e si aggiunge – ED
es: plan-planned (progettare), stop-stopped (fermare), transfer-transferred (trasferire), control-controlled
I verbi IRREGOLARI sono quei verbi che hanno una forma diversa e distinta dalla forma base per cui bisogna impararli a memoria ( non formano il passato aggiungendo –ED alla forma base).
Esempio paradigma Inglese:
Base form (presen t)
Past Past participle
call Called Called chiamare- regolare drink drank drunk bere -
irregolare
USO: il Simple Past si usa per esprimere azioni avvenute in un momento o in un periodo passato interamente
trascorso e concluso, anche se da brevissimo tempo (nota:
nella frase c’è specificato il tempo oppure si può dedurre dal contesto. Es: Who wrote Hamlet? Did you enjoy the party?).
Serve per parlare di eventi, storie ed esperienze passate.
L’azione passata può essere occasionale (Last Sunday I went to the seaside) o abituale (I often went to the seaside when I was a child). Può essere accompagnato da
espressioni di tempo quali: yesterday (ieri), last (scorso:
Last year/month/week = l’anno scorso), ago (2 years ago…) (fa), in + year: in 1995 = nell’anno 1995 ), when I was 8 years old….
Nota di approfondimento: Il past simple è inoltre usato dopo l’espressione: ‘It’s (about/high) time’ es: It’s (about/
high) time I went home.=è proprio ora che vada a casa; It’s about time he got a job and started working= è proprio ora che si trovi un impiego e incominci a lavorare)
In italiano si traduce con l’imperfetto, passato prossimo o raramente, anche, con il passato remoto.
eat ate eaten Mangiare-
irregolare
be was been essere-
irregolare
have had had avere-
irregolare cook cooked cooked Cucinare-
regolare
cut cut cut Tagliare -
irregolare
Il Simple Past si forma dalla seconda voce del Paradigma.
COSTRUZIONE: La forma affermativa si ottiene: SOGG+
VERBO al passato (è uguale x tutte le persone)
Le forme negativa, interrogativa e interrogativa-negativa si ottengono utilizzando l’ausiliare DID (passato di “To do”) + il verbo base (=verbo all’infinito senza “To”)
La forma negativa si ottiene : SOGGETTO + DID + NOT + VERBO base
forma negativa contratta: SOGGETTO + DIDN’T + VERBO base
To Call To Eat To Drink I called I ate I drank You called You ate You drank He/she/it
called
He/she/it ate
He/she/it drank
We called We ate We drank You called You ate You drank They
called
They ate They drank
To Call To Eat To Drink I didn’t
call
I didn’t eat I didn’t drink
You didn’t call
You didn’t eat You didn’t drink
He/she/it didn’t call
He/she/it didn’t eat
He/she/it didn’t drink We didn’t
call
We didn’t eat
We didn’t drink
La forma interrogativa si ottiene: DID + SOGGETTO + VERBO base?
Short Answers: Yes, + Sogg + Did No, + Sogg + Didn’t
In Breve: AFF: Sogg + Verbo al Passato = I ate fish yesterday
NEG: Sogg. + Didn’t + VB= I didn’t eat fish yesterday
INT: Did + Sogg.+ VB?=Did you eat fish yesterday?
Short Answers: Yes, + Sogg + Did No, + Sogg + Didn’t
You didn’t call
You didn’t eat
You didn’t drink
They didn’t call
They didn’t eat
They didn’t drink
To Call To Eat To Drink Did I
call ?
Did I eat? Did I drink?
Did You call ?
Did You eat? Did You drink?
Did He/she/
it call ?
Did He/she/it eat?
Did He/she/
it drink?
Did We call ?
Did We eat?
Did We drink?
Did You call ?
Did You eat?
Did You drink?
Did They call ?
Did They eat?
Did They drink?
VERBI IRREGOLARI PIU’ COMUNI
ITALIANO PRESENT
TENSE
PAST TENSE
PAST
PARTICIPL E
Prendere, ottenere, ecc. To get Got Got (gotten) Dare, consegnare, ecc. To give Gave Given
Leggere To read
(pron. rid)
Read (pron.
rid)
Read (pron.
rid)
Venire, arrivare To come Came Come
Dire, raccontare To tell Told Told
Andare To go Went Gone
Dire, affermare To say Said Said
Nascondere To hide Hid Hid
(hidden)
Colpire, toccare To hit Hit Hit
Comprare To buy Bought Bought
Sentire, ascoltare To hear Heard Heard Conoscere, sapere To know Knew Known Tenere, mantenere To keep Kept Kept
Bere To drink Drank Drunk
Prendere To take Took Taken
Pensare, credere To think Thought Thought Portare, procurare To bring Brought Brought
Indossare To wear Wore Worn
Mettere, porre, collocare To put Put Put
Chiudere To shut Shut Shut
Tagliare To cut Cut Cut
Mandare, spedire To send Sent Sent Capovolgere, rovesciare To upset Upset Upset
Spendere, passare, impiegare
To spend Spent Spent
Imparare To learn Learnt
(learned)
Learnt (learned)
Prestare To lend Lent Lent
Costruire, fabbricare To build Built Built Piegare, curvare To bend Bent Bent Odorare, annusare, fare
odore
To smell Smelt Smelt Compitare, sillabbare,
scrivere ortograficamente
To speil Spelt Spelt Capire, intendere,
comprendere
To
understan d
Understo od
Understood
Mangiare, corrodere To eat Ate Eaten
Volare To fly Flew Flown
Sentire, percepire To feel Felt Felt Nutrire, pascolare To feed Fed Fed Guidare, condurre To drive Drove Driven
Correre To run Ran Run
Dormire To sleep Slept Slept
Cantare To sing Sang Sung
Nuotare To swim Swam Swum
Scrivere To write Wrote Written
Incontrare To meet Met Met
Suonare (campanello telefono)
To ring Rang Rung
Vincere To win Won Won
