• Non ci sono risultati.

B ONE M ETASTASIS

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Condividi "B ONE M ETASTASIS"

Copied!
11
0
0

Testo completo

(1)

B ONE M ETASTASIS

(2)

C ANCER D RUG D ISCOVERY AND D EVELOPMENT

B EVERLY A. T EICHER , S ERIES E DITOR

Bone Metastasis: Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, edited by Gurmit Singh and Shafaat A.

Rabbani, 2005

Death Receptors in Cancer Therapy, edited by Wafik S. El-Deiry, 2005

The Oncogenomics Handbook, edited by William J. LaRochelle and Richard A. Shimkets, 2005 Camptothecins in Cancer Therapy, edited by Thomas G. Burke and Val R. Adams, 2005

Combination Cancer Therapy: Modulators and Potentiators, edited by Gary K. Schwartz, 2005 Death Receptors in Cancer Therapy, edited by Wafik S. El-Deiry, 2005

Cancer Chemoprevention, Volume 2: Strategies for Cancer Chemoprevention, edited by Gary J.

Kelloff, Ernest T. Hawk, and Caroline C. Sigman, 2005

Cancer Chemoprevention, Volume 1: Promising Cancer Chemopreventive Agents, edited by Gary J.

Kelloff, Ernest T. Hawk, and Caroline C. Sigman, 2004

Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy, edited by Julian Adams, 2004 Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in Cancer, edited by Alan M. Gewirtz, 2004

DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy, edited by Lawrence C. Panasci and Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali, 2004 Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Oncology: Basic Science and Clinical Therapeutics, edited by

George Morstyn, MaryAnn Foote, and Graham J. Lieschke, 2004

Handbook of Anticancer Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, edited by William D. Figg and Howard L. McLeod, 2004

Anticancer Drug Development Guide: Preclinical Screening, Clinical Trials, and Approval, Second Edition, edited by Beverly A. Teicher and Paul A. Andrews, 2004

Handbook of Cancer Vaccines, edited by Michael A. Morse, Timothy M. Clay, and Kim H.

Lyerly, 2004

Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy, edited by Dennis M. Brown, 2003 Oncogene-Directed Therapies, edited by Janusz Rak, 2003

Cell Cycle Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Current Strategies, edited by Antonio Giordano and Kenneth J. Soprano, 2003

Chemoradiation in Cancer Therapy, edited by Hak Choy, 2003

Fluoropyrimidines in Cancer Therapy, edited by Youcef M. Rustum, 2003

Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy: Transcription Factors and Other Nuclear Proteins, edited by Nicholas B. La Thangue and Lan R. Bandara, 2002

Tumor Targeting in Cancer Therapy, edited by Michel Pagé, 2002

Hormone Therapy in Breast and Prostate Cancer, edited by V. Craig Jordan and Barrington J. A.

Furr, 2002

Tumor Models in Cancer Research, edited by Beverly A. Teicher, 2002 Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Cancer, edited by David E. Fisher, 2001

Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy, edited by Neil J. Clendeninn and Krzysztof Appelt, 2001

Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors in Cancer, edited by Saïd M. Sebti and Andrew D. Hamilton, 2001 Platinum-Based Drugs in Cancer Therapy, edited by Lloyd R. Kelland and Nicholas P. Farrell, 2000 Apoptosis and Cancer Chemotherapy, edited by John A. Hickman and Caroline Dive, 1999 Signaling Networks and Cell Cycle Control: The Molecular Basis of Cancer and Other Diseases,

edited by J. Silvio Gutkind, 1999

Antifolate Drugs in Cancer Therapy, edited by Ann L. Jackman, 1999 Antiangiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy, edited by Beverly A. Teicher, 1999

Anticancer Drug Development Guide: Preclinical Screening, Clinical Trials, and Approval, edited

by Beverly A. Teicher, 1997

(3)

B ONE M ETASTASIS

E XPERIMENTAL AND C LINICAL T HERAPEUTICS

Edited by

G URMIT S INGH , PhD

Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

S HAFAAT A. R ABBANI , MD

Calcium Research Laboratory

McGill University Health Centre

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

(4)

© 2005 Humana Press Inc.

999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208 Totowa, New Jersey 07512 www.humanapress.com

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher.

All articles, comments, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.

Due diligence has been taken by the publishers, editors, and authors of this book to assure the accuracy of the information published and to describe generally accepted practices. The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications. This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug.

It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients.

Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice. The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from the application of the information presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents in this publication.

Production Editor: Nicole E. Furia Cover design by Patricia F. Cleary

Cover illustration:Figure 1 from Chapter 1, “Overview,” by Sadmeet Singh and Gurmit Singh and Figure 4 from Chapter 10, “PTHrP and Cancer: Prostate and Lung,” by Leonard J. Deftos, D. W. Burton, and Randolph H. Hastings.

This publication is printed on acid-free paper. '

ANSI Z39.48-1984 (American National Standards Institute) Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials

For additional copies, pricing for bulk purchases, and/or information about other Humana titles, contact Humana at the above address or at any of the following numbers: Tel.:973-256-1699;

Fax: 973-256-8341; Email: humana@humanapr.com; or visit our Website: http://humanapress.com.

Photocopy Authorization Policy:

Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Humana Press Inc., provided that the base fee of US $25.00 per copy is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable to Humana Press Inc. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: [1-58829-403-X/05 $30.00].

Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 eISBN 1-59259-892-7

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bone metastasis : experimental and clinical therapeutics / edited by Gurmit Singh, Shafaat A. Rabbani.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-58829-403-X (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Bone metastasis.

[DNLM: 1. Bone Neoplasms—secondary. 2. Neoplasm Metastasis. WE 258 B7107 2005] I. Singh, Gurmit. II. Rabbani, Shafaat A.

RC280.B6B645 2005 616.99’471—dc22

2004014785

(5)

D EDICATION

This text is dedicated to all the graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and technical staff who tirelessly commit their energy and time to improve

the lives of cancer patients.

v

(6)

vii

Bone Metastasis: Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics is intended as an introduc- tion to the molecular underpinnings of bone metastasis. Contributions from internation- ally recognized authorities on the fundamental concepts, current treatment approaches, and future therapeutic strategies provide a synopsis of bone metastasis. Our insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bone metastasis are still evolving. These advances are driving the application of new therapeutic strategies di- rected at recently discovered molecular targets.

The first 11 chapters in Bone Metastasis: Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics focus on fundamental concepts associated with the process of metastasis. The roles of the various autocrine, paracrine, and immunological factors are intimately involved in the progression and establishment of bone metastases. Understanding these concepts has led to and will continue to provide novel approaches to their treatment. Chapters 12–19 discuss various strategies that appear to have promise and that are currently deployed in treatment or are at the experimental stage. Understanding of the physiological process that leads to bone degradation, pain, angiogenesis, and dysregulation of bone turnover by the tumor is critical. Thus, the treatment of bone metastases may need to be individual- ized, employing a combination of surgical, radiation, and/or pharmacological maneu- vers. Further understanding of various pharmacogenomic parameters and tissue environmental factors is essential for progress beyond the current standard approaches of using radiation and/or bisphosphonates for palliation.

The editors would like to express their gratitude to all the authors for their scholarly contributions, which have summarized current literature in their field. We would also like to thank Dr. Beverly Teicher for inviting us to edit this book for the Cancer Drug Dis- covery and Development series. We would like to acknowledge the persistence and encouragement from Paul Dolgert, Editorial Director at Humana Press. Finally, the sup- port and assistance of Ms. Heather Blackborow is greatly appreciated.

Gurmit Singh,

PhD

Shafaat A. Rabbani,

MD

P REFACE

(7)

ix

C ONTENTS

Dedication ... v Preface ... vii Contributors ... xi

PART I. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

1 Overview ... 3 Sadmeet Singh and Gurmit Singh

2 Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide and Malignancy ... 13 David Goltzman

3 Vitamin D and Vitamin D Analogs in Cancer Progression

and Metastasis ... 29 Richard Kremer and Shafaat A. Rabbani

4 Role of TGF-` and IGF in Tumor Progression and Bone Metastases ... 59 Erin Giles and Gurmit Singh

5 Biologic and Therapeutic Implications of Osteomimicry

and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer ... 75 Wen-Chin Huang, Valerie Odero-Marah, and Leland W. K. Chung

6 Roles of Immune-Cell-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinases

in Tumor Growth and Metastasis ... 87 Kristina A. Szabo and Gurmit Singh

7 Contribution of Osteopontin to the Development of Bone Metastasis ... 107 Alison L. Allan, Alan B. Tuck, Vivien H. C. Bramwell,

Theodore A. Vandenberg, Eric W. Winquist, and Ann F. Chambers

8 Role of Interleukin-11 in Osteolytic Bone Metastasis ... 125 Ryan R. Simon, Martin K. Butcher, and Stephen G. Shaughnessy

9 Cell Adhesion Molecules in Tumor Metastasis ... 133 Sujata Persad and Gurmit Singh

10 PTHrP and Cancer: Prostate and Lung... 147 Leonard J. Deftos, D. W. Burton, and Randolph H. Hastings

11 Antithrombotics in Tumor Growth and Metastasis ... 177 Shaker A. Mousa

PART II. THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

12 Challenges and Strategies in the Analysis of Multiple Events

in Oncology ... 191

Pierre P. Major and Richard J. Cook

(8)

x Contents

13 Integrins: Novel Targets for the Treatment of Bone Metastasis ... 201 Graham C. Parry, Fernando Doñate, Marian L. Plunkett,

David E. Shaw, Steven Pirie-Shepherd, and Andrew P. Mazar 14 Bone Metastasis and Pathological Fractures: Bone Tissue Engineering

as a Novel Therapy ... 229 Laurie A. McDuffee, Nigel Colterjohn, and Gurmit Singh

15 Role of Photodynamic Therapy for Bone Metastasis ... 243 Shane Burch and Albert J. M. Yee

16 Docetaxel for Metastatic Cancer and Its Role in Combination Therapies

for Advanced Prostate Cancer ... 255 Ellen K. Wasan, Martin Gleave, Karen Fang, Kim Chi, Gwyn Bebb,

Lincoln Edwards, and Marcel B. Bally

17 Use of Tetracyclines for Bone Metastases ... 293 Eric Seidlitz, Zeina Saikali, and Gurmit Singh

18 Role of Bisphosphonates in Skeletal Metastases ... 305 Arif Hussain and Fred Saad

19 Radiation Treatment of Bone Metastases ... 323 Edward Chow, Jackson Wu, and Elizabeth Toni Barnes

Index ... 337

(9)

C ONTRIBUTORS

xi

A

LISON

L. A

LLAN

,

PhD

• Departments of Oncology and Pathology, London Regional Cancer Program/University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada M

ARCEL

B. B

ALLY

,

PhD

• Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and

British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

E

LIZABETH

T

ONI

B

ARNES

,

MD

,

FRCPC

• Department of Radiation Oncology, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

G

WYN

B

EBB

,

BMBCh

,

PhD

• British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Medical Oncology and British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

V

IVIEN

H. C. B

RAMWELL

,

PhD

,

MBBS

,

FRCPC

• Department of Oncology/Medicine, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

S

HANE

B

URCH

,

MD

• Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Centres

and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

D. W. B

URTON

,

BSC

• Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA

M

ARTIN

K. B

UTCHER

,

Hon

.

BSc

• Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

A

NN

F. C

HAMBERS

,

PhD

• Departments of Oncology and Pathology, London Regional Cancer Program/University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

K

IM

C

HI

,

MD

• Department of Advanced Therapeutics and Systemic Therapy Program, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia, Canada

E

DWARD

C

HOW

,

MBBS

,

FRCPC

• Department of Radiation Oncology, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

L

ELAND

W. K. C

HUNG

,

PhD

• Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

N

IGEL

C

OLTERJOHN

,

MD

• Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

R

ICHARD

J. C

OOK

,

PhD

• Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

L

EONARD

J. D

EFTOS

,

MD

,

JD

• Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA

F

ERNANDO

D

OÑATE

,

PhD

• Attenuon, LLC, San Diego, CA

L

INCOLN

E

DWARDS

,

BSc

• Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

K

AREN

F

ANG

,

BSc

• Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University

of British Columbia and British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver,

British Columbia, Canada

(10)

xii Contributors

E

RIN

G

ILES

,

BSc

• McMaster University/Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

M

ARTIN

G

LEAVE

,

MD

• Vancouver General Hospital, Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

D

AVID

G

OLTZMAN

,

MD

• Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

R

ANDOLPH

H. H

ASTINGS

,

MD

,

PhD

• Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, La Jolla, CA

W

EN

-C

HIN

H

UANG

,

PhD

• Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

A

RIF

H

USSAIN

,

MD

• Greenebaum Cancer Centre, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

R

ICHARD

K

REMER

,

MD

• Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

P

IERRE

P. M

AJOR

,

MD

,

FRCPC

• Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

A

NDREW

P. M

AZAR

,

PhD

• Attenuon, LLC, San Diego, CA

L

AURIE

A. M

C

D

UFFEE

,

PhD

,

DVM

,

DACVS

• Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada

S

HAKER

A. M

OUSA

,

PhD

,

MBA

,

FACC

,

FACB

• Department of Basic and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany, NY

V

ALERIE

O

DERO

-M

ARAH

,

PhD

• Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

G

RAHAM

C. P

ARRY

,

PhD

• Attenuon, LLC, San Diego, CA

S

UJATA

P

ERSAD

,

PhD

• Department of Research, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

S

TEVEN

P

IRIE

-S

HEPHERD

,

PhD

• Attenuon, LLC, San Diego, CA M

ARIAN

L. P

LUNKETT

,

PhD

• Attenuon, LLC, San Diego, CA

S

HAFAAT

A. R

ABBANI

,

MD

• Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

F

RED

S

AAD

,

MD

,

FRCS

• Department of Urology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Z

EINA

S

AIKALI

,

PhD

• Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

E

RIC

S

EIDLITZ

,

MSc

• Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

S

TEPHEN

G. S

HAUGHNESSY

,

PhD

• Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University/ Henderson Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada D

AVID

E. S

HAW

,

PhD

• D. E. Shaw Research and Development, LLC, New York, NY R

YAN

R. S

IMON

,

MSc

• Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster

University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

G

URMIT

S

INGH

,

PhD

• Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine/Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

S

ADMEET

S

INGH

,

BM

,

BS

,

FRCS

• Department of Research, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

K

RISTINA

A. S

ZABO

,

MSc

• Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine,

McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

(11)

A

LAN

B. T

UCK

,

MD

,

PhD

• London Regional Cancer Program/University of Western Ontario, Departments of Oncology and Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

T

HEODORE

A. V

ANDENBERG

,

MD

• Department of Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program/University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

E

LLEN

K. W

ASAN

,

RPh

,

PhD

• Department of Advanced Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

E

RIC

W. W

INQUIST

,

MSC

,

MD

• Department of Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program/University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

J

ACKSON

W

U

,

MD

,

FRCPC

• Department of Radiation Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

A

LBERT

J. M. Y

EE

,

MD

• Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Centres and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Contributors xiii

Riferimenti

Documenti correlati

The high apparent survival rates of Leach’s Storm Petrels from the Rock Islets and Cleland Island colonies, which are located 500  km apart and in different oceanic

The objective of this paper is to present causes of nest failure, the timing of nest visits by parents, and observations of nest reuse for Marbled Murrelet nests monitored

Paired t-tests comparing percent cover of different vegetation types between 2009 and 2014 indicated an overall decrease in salmonberry, an increase in bare ground, and

Although likely correlated with sex ratios, adult male proportions were also determined in all years for Black and Surf Scoters, Harlequin Duck, and Barrow’s and Common Goldeneye

We measured the proximate composition of the four main prey species delivered by adult Rhinoceros Auklets Cerorhinca monocerata to nestlings at Triangle Island, British

Changes in numbers of Rhinoceros Auklet burrows in permanent monitoring plots in Haida Gwaii (SGaang Gwaay), the northern mainland coast (Lucy Islands), Queen Charlotte Strait

Association of Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus with foraging Gray Whales Eschrichtius robustus on the southwest coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia..

Specifically, we focus on two key stages of herring life history that are especially important for seabirds: the egg stage, including distribution and timing of