 Recent Results in Cancer Research

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Managing Editors

P. M. Schlag, Berlin · H.-J. Senn, St. Gallen

Associate Editors

P. Kleihues, Zürich · F. Stiefel, Lausanne B. Groner, Frankfurt · A. Wallgren, Göteborg

Founding Editor

P. Rentchnik, Geneva

Recent Results

in Cancer Research



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H.-J. Senn · U. Kapp (Eds.)

Cancer Prevention

With 48 Figures and 27 Tables

123

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2006931793 ISSN 0080-0015

ISBN 10 3-540-37695-X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 13 978-3-540-37695-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

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Editor: Dr. Ute Heilmann, Heidelberg

Desk editor: Dörthe Mennecke-Bühler, Heidelberg Production editor: Nadja Kroke, Leipzig

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Prof. Dr. med. Ursula Kapp

Tumor-Zentrum ZeTuP St. Gallen/Chur (Tumordiagnostik, Behandlung + Prävention) Rorschacherstr. 150

CH-9006 St. Gallen Schweiz

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Contents

Part I Genetic Risk Profiles and Biomarkers in Cancer Prevention

1 A Favorable View: Progress in Cancer Prevention and Screening . . . . 3 Peter Greenwald

2 Genetic Risk Profiles for Cancer Susceptibility and Therapy Response . . . . 19 Helmut Bartsch, Heike Dally, Odilia Popanda, Angela Risch, Peter Schmezer

3 Tumor Promotion as a Target of Cancer Prevention . . . . 37 Friedrich Marks, Gerhard Fürstenberger, Karin Müller-Decker

4 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Related Signaling and Cancer Development 49 Michael Pollak

Part II Inflammation, Infection, and Cancer Prevention

5 Cytokines Are a Therapeutic Target for the Prevention

of Inflammation-Induced Cancers . . . . 57 Stefan Rose-John, Heidi Schooltink

6 Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Viral

Hepatitis Patients with Cirrhosis by Carotenoid Mixture . . . . 67 Hoyoku Nishino

7 Cox-2 and Cancer Chemoprevention: Picking up the Pieces . . . . 73 Monica M. Bertagnolli

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Contents VI

Part III Prevention of Female and Male Genital Cancers

8 Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A New Chance to Prevent

Cervical Cancer . . . . 81 Bradley J. Monk, Ali Mahdavi

9 Prevention and Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer: Mission Impossible? 91 Robert C. Bast Jr., Molly Brewer, Changping Zou,

Mary A. Hernandez, Mary Daley, Robert Ozols, Karen Lu, Zhen Lu, Donna Badgwell, Gordon B. Mills, Steven Skates, Zhen Zhang, Dan Chan, Anna Lokshin, Yinhua Yu

10 Prevention of Prostate Cancer: More Questions than Data . . . . 101 Hans-Peter Schmid, Daniel S. Engeler,

Karl Pummer, Bernd J. Schmitz-Dräger

Part IV Prevention of Breast Cancer

11 Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer by Hormone-Induced

Differentiation . . . . 111 Irma H. Russo, Jose Russo

12 The Genomic Signature of Breast Cancer Prevention . . . . 131 Jose Russo, Gabriela Balogh, Daniel Mailo,

Patricia A. Russo, Rebecca Heulings, Irma H. Russo

13 Estrogen Deprivation for Breast Cancer Prevention . . . . 151 Anthony Howell, Robert B. Clarke, Gareth Evans,

Nigel Bundred, Jack Cuzick, Richard Santen, Craig Allred

Part V Prevention of Colorectal Cancers

14 Primary Dietary Prevention: Is the Fiber Story Over? . . . . 171 Cheryl L. Rock

15 Prevention and Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer – New Horizons . . . 179 Gad Rennert

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Contents VII

Part VI Prevention of Skin and Brain Tumors

16 New Perspectives on Melanoma Pathogenesis and Chemoprevention . . . 191 Frank L. Meyskens, Jr., Patrick J. Farmer, Sun Yang, Hoda Anton-Culver

17 Vitamin D – An Emerging

Issue in Skin Cancer Control. Implications for Public

Health Practice Based on the Australian Experience . . . . 197 Craig Sinclair

18 Are Gliomas Preventable? . . . . 205 Victor A. Levin

Part VII The Future of Cancer (Chemo)Prevention

19 Angiogenesis and Cancer Prevention: A Vision . . . . 219 Douglas M. Noonan, Roberto Benelli, Adriana Albini

20 An Estimate of Cancer Mortality Rate Reductions in Europe

and the US with 1,000 IU of Oral Vitamin D Per Day . . . . 225 William B. Grant, Cedric F. Garland, Edward D. Gorham

21 Uncovering Novel Targets for Cancer Chemoprevention . . . . 235 Konstantin H. Dragnev, Qing Feng, Yan Ma, Sumit J. Shah,

Candice Black, Vincent Memoli, William Nugent, James R. Rigas, Sutisak Kitareewan, Sarah Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky

Part VIII Conclusions and Summary

22 Conference Summary . . . . 247 Ursula Kapp, Hans-Jörg Senn

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Adriana Albini, Director Responsabile Ricerca Oncologica Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, IRCCS Multimedica

Viale Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milano Italy

Craig Allred

Department of Pathology Baylor School of Medicine One Baylor Plaza

Houston, TX 77030 USA

Hoda Anton-Culver, PhD Professor

Department of Epidemiology

Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, Irvine

Irvine, CA 92601 USA

Donna Badgwell, PhD

Department of Experimental Therapeutics University of Texas

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030

USA

Gabriela Balogh, PhD

Breast Cancer Research Laboratory Fox Chase Cancer Center

333 Cottman Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA

Helmuth Bartsch, Prof.

Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors

Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Robert C. Bast, Jr., MD M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Unit 355

1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA

Roberto Benelli

SC Oncologia Sperimentale A

Instituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro Largo Rosanna Benzi 10

16132 Genova Italy

Monica Bertagnolli, MD Brigham and Women’s Hospital Dana Farber Cancer Institute c/o Daria Christiansen Room CA 104 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115 USA

Candice Black, DO Department of Pathology Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH 03755 USA

List of Contributors

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List of Contributors X

Molly Brewer

Division of Gynecologic Oncology University of Arizona

Tucson, AZ 85724 USA

Nigel Bundred

University Department of Surgery University Hospital of South Manchester Whythenshaw Hospital

Manchester M23 9LT UK

Dan Chan, PhD

Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21205

USA

Robert B. Clarke Cancer Research UK

Department of Medical Oncology Christie Hospital

University of Manchester Wilmslow Road

Manchester M20 4BX UK

Jack Cuzick, Prof.

Cancer Research UK Department of Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics

Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Charterhouse Square

London EC1M 6BQ UK

Mary Daley, MD Fox Chase Cancer Center 333 Cottman Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA

Heike Dally

Ethan Dmitrovsky, MD

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Dartmouth Medical School

7650 Remsen Hanover, NH 03755 USA

Konstantin H. Dragnev, MD Department of Medicine Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH 03755 USA

Daniel S. Engeler, Dr. med Department of Urology Kantonsspital

9007 St. Gallen Switzerland Gareth Evans

Department of Medical Genetics St. Mary’s Hospital

Hathersage Road Manchester M13 0JH UK

Patrick J. Farmer, PhD Department of Chemistry

Qing Feng, PhD

Hanover, NH 03755 USA

Sarah Freemantle, PhD Research Assistant Professor

Gerhard Fürstenberger, PhD

Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Research Program Cell and Tumor Biology Im Neuenheimer Feld 280

69120 Heidelberg Germany

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XI

Cedric F. Garland, PhD

Department of Family and Preventive Medicine 0631C

University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive

La Jolla, CA 92093-0631 USA

Edward D. Gorham, PhD

Department of Family and Preventive Medicine 0631C

University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive

La Jolla, CA 92093-0631 USA

William B. Grant, PhD

Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center (SUNARC)

2115 Van Ness Avenue, MB 101 San Francisco, CA 94109-2510 USA

Peter Greenwald, MD, PhD Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health 6130 Executive Boulevard Suite 2040

Bethesda, MD 20892-7309 USA

Mary A. Hernandez, RN

USA

Rebecca Heulings, BS

Anthony Howell, Prof.

CRUK Department of Medical Oncology Christie Hospital

University of Manchester Wilmslow Road

Manchester M20 4BX UK

Ursula Kapp, Prof. Dr. med

Tumor-Zentrum ZeTuP St. Gallen/Chur Rorschacherstrasse 15

9006 St. Gallen Switzerland

Sutisak Kitareewan, PhD Instructor

Victor A. Levin, MD Neuro-Oncology Unit 431 University of Texas

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center P.O. Box 301402

Houston, TX 77230-1402 USA

Anna Lokshin, PhD University of Pittsburgh, Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA

Karen Lu

Department of Gynecologic Oncology University of Texas

USA Zhen Lu, MD

USA

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List of Contributors XII

Yan Ma, PhD

Ali Mahdavi, MD

Division of Gynecologic Oncology

101 The City Drive Building 56, Room 262 Orange, CA 92868-3298 USA

Daniel Mailo, PhD

Friedrich Marks, Prof., PhD

Vincent Memoli, MD Department of Pathology Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH 03755 USA

Frank L. Meyskens, Prof.

University of California, Irvine 101 The City Drive South Building 25, Suite 191, Route 81 Orange, CA 92868

USA

Gordon B. Mills, MD, PhD

Department of Molecular Therapeutics University of Texas

USA

Bradley J. Monk, MD

Division of Gynecologic Oncology

101 The City Drive Building 56, Room 262 Orange, CA 92868-3298 USA

Karin Müller-Decker, PhD

Hoyoku Nishino, Prof.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto 602-8566

Japan

Douglas M. Noonan

Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Cliniche, Università dell’Insubria

Via Ravasi 2 21100 Varese Italy

William Nugent, MD Department of Surgery Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH 03755 USA

Robert Ozols, MD Fox Chase Cancer Center 333 Cottman Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA

Michael Pollak, Prof., MD General Jewish Hospital Medicine and Oncology

3755 Chemin de la Côte-Ste. Catherine Montreal, Quebec H3T IE2

Canada

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XIII

Odilia Popanda, PhD

Karl Pummer, Prof. Dr. med.

Department of Urology Medical University of Graz 8036 Graz

Austria

Gad Rennert, MD, PhD

CHS National Cancer Control Center Carmel Medical Center

7 Michal Street Haifa 34362 Israel

James R. Rigas, MD Department of Medicine Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH 03755 USA

Angela Risch, PhD

Cheryl L. Rock, PhD, RD

Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Cancer Prevention and Control Program University of California, San Diego

9500 Gilman Drive Department 0901 La Jolla, CA 92093-0901 USA

Stefan Rose-John, Prof. Dr.

Biochemisches Institut

Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Olshausenstrasse 40

24098 Kiel Germany

Irma H. Russo, MD

Jose Russo, MD

Patricia A. Russo, BA

Richard Santen

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Virginia

P.O. Box 801416

Aurbach Medical Research Building 450 Ray Hunt Drive

Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA

Peter Schmezer, PhD

Hans-Peter Schmid, Prof. Dr. med.

Department of Urology Kantonsspital

9007 St. Gallen Switzerland

Bernd J. Schmitz-Dräger, Prof. Dr. med.

Euromed Clinic Europa-Allee 1 90763 Fürth Germany

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List of Contributors XIV

Heidi Schooltink, Dr. rer. nat.

Biochemisches Institut

Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Olshausenstrasse 40

24098 Kiel Germany

Hans-Jörg Senn, Prof. Dr. med.

Tumor-Zentrum ZeTuP St. Gallen/Chur Rorschacherstrasse 15

9006 St. Gallen Switzerland Sumit J. Shah, PhD

Craig Sinclair

The Cancer Council Victoria 1 Rathdowne Street

Carlton, Victoria 3053 Australia

Steven Skates, PhD

Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115

USA

Sun Yang, PhD, PharmD Assistant Project Scientist

Department of Medicine, (Hematology/

Oncology)

Yinhua Yu, MD

USA

Zhen Zhang, PhD

Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21205

USA

Changping Zou, PhD

Division of Gynecologic Oncology University of Arizona

Tucson, AZ 85724 USA