122
ABBREVIATIONS
ACV: ACycloVir
ADA: Adenosine DeAminase
AIRP: Autoimmune Infertility Related Protein
AML: Acute Myeloid Leukemia
AMPCP: α,β-Methylene adenosine 5’ diphosphate
AraC(MP): 1--D-ArabinofuranosideCytosine (MonoPhosphate) AraG(MP): 9- -D-ArabinofuranosylGuanine (MonoPhosphate) AraTMP: 1- -D -ArabinofuranosylThymine (MonoPhosphate) AZT(MP): 3’-azido-2’,3’-deoxy-thymidine (MonoPhosphate)
BSA: Bovine Serum Albumine
BPG: 2,3-BisPhosphoGlycerate
BvdU(MP) : (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2’-deoxyUridine (MonoPhosphate) CdA(MP): 2-Chloro-2’-deoxyAdenosine (MonoPhosphate)
cdN: cytosolic 5’ (3’)-deoxyriboNucleotidase CIAP: Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia cN-IA: Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase IA cN-IB: Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase IB cN-II: Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase II cN-III: Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase III
CNT: Concentrative Nucleoside-specific membrane Transport carriers cPPT: Central PolyPurine Tract
dCK: deoxyCitidine Kinase ddC(MP): 2’,3’-dideoxyCytidine (MonoPhosphate ) ddIno: 2’,3’-DideoxyInosine dFdCMP: 2’,3’-difluorodeoxycytidine monophosphate DFS: Disease-Free Survival dGK: deoxyGuanosine Kinase
DIGs: Detergent-Insoluble Glycolipid-enriched plasma membrane microdomains DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
DMSO: DiMethylSulfOxyde
123 dNT-2: Mytochondrial 5’ (3’)-deoxyriboNucleotidase (d)NTP: (deoxy)Nucleotides TriPhosphate DPB-T (S)-1-[2’deoxy-3’,5’-O-(1-phosphono)benzylidene--D-threo- pentofuranosyl]-thymine d4TMP: 2',3'-Didehydro-3'-dideoxy-thymidine-5'-monophosphate DTT: DiThioTreitol 5-EddU 5-Ethynyl-2‘,3‘-dideoxyUridine EDTA: EthyleneDiamine Tetracetic Acid
e-N: Ecto 5’-Nucleotidase
ENT: Equilibrative Nucleoside-specific membrane Transport carriers FACS: Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter
F-araA(MP): 9- -D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (MonoPhosphate) FBS: Foetal Bovine Serum
FdUMP: 5’-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate 5FdUrd: 5’-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine
GFP: Green Fluorescent Protein GPI: Glycosyl PhosphatidylInosytil HAD: HaloAcid Dehalogenase HCL: Hairy Cell Leukemia
HEK: Human Embryonic Kidney (cell)
HGPRT: Hypoxanthine-Guanine PhosphoRibosyl Transferase HP-1: Heterochromatin Protein-1
HR: Homologous Recombination
IMPDH: 5’-Inosine MonoPhosphate DeHydrogenase IPTG: IsoPropyl--D-ThioGalactopyranoside IRES: Internal Ribosome Entry Site
KRAB: Krüppel-associated box
LDs: Lipid Droplets
LTR: Long Terminal Repeat
LV: Lentiviral Vector
mdN: Mitochondrial 5’(3’)-deoxyNucleotidase
MMS: Methyl MethaneSulfonate
MOI: Multiplicity Of Infection
124
NA: Nucleoside Analog
NAPDD: Nucleotidase Associated Pervasive Developmental Disorder NEB: New England Biolab (Inc.)
NDPK: Nucleoside DiPhosphate Kinases
Nef: Negative factor gene
NHA: Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia NMPK: Nucleoside MonoPhosphate 5’-NT: 5’-Nucleotidase
NTP: Nucleotide TriPhosphate
OD: Optical Density
OS: Overall Survival
PAP: Prostatic Acid Phospahtase PCR: Polimerase Chain Reaction
PEI: PolyEthylenImine
PHT: PhosphoTransferase
pI: Isoelectric Point
PMN: PolyMorphoNuclear (leukocyte) PNP: Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase
Pol: Polymerase
Prom: Promoter
PRPP: 5-PhosphoRybosyl 1-PyroPhosphate PSP: PhosphoSerine Phosphatase
RCL: Replication Competent Lentivirus Rev: Regulatory of virus gene
RNAi: RNA interference
SDS: Sodium Dodecyl-Sulphate SIN: Self Inactivating
Tat: Transactivation gene
TBE: Tris-Borate- EDTA (buffer) TK1/2: Thymidine Kinase 1/2 Vif: Virion infectivity factor Vpr: Viral protein R gene
Vpu: Virus protein U
125 WPRE: Woodchuck hepatisis virus Post-transcriptional Regulatory Element
X: Inside a protein primary structure means "any amino acid"
Xao: Xanthosine
XO: Xanthine Oxidase
ZMP: 5’-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-1--D-Ribofuranosyl monophosphate
126
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Airas L., Hellman J., Salmi M., Bono P., Puurunen T., Smith D.J., Jalkanen S. (1995) CD73 is involved in lymphocyte binding to the endothelium: characterization of lymphocyte-vascular adhesion protein 2 identifies it as CD73. J. Exp. Med. 182, 1603-1608
Akinc A., Thomas M., Klibanov A.M., Langer R. (2004) Exploring polyethylenimine-mediated DNA transfection and the proton sponge hypothesis. J Gene Med. 7 (5), 657-663
Aksoy P., Zhu M.J., Kalari K.R., Moon I., Pelleymounter L.L., Eckloff B.W., Wieben E.D., Yee V.C., Weinshilboum R.M., Wang L. (2009) Cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase III (NT5C3): gene sequence variation and functional genomics. Pharm Genom. 19 (8), 567-576
Albertioni F., Bayat N., Karlsson K., Juliusson G., Peterson C., Eriksson S., Lotfi K. (2005) Activity profiles of 5’-nucleotidases in peripheral blood cells from patients with untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation to anticancer nucleoside-monophosphate degrading activity. Proceeding of the 97th Annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 46, Abstract number 3974
Allegrini S., Pesi R., Tozzi M.G., Ipata P.L. and Camici M. (1993) Cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase / nucleoside phosphotransferase: a single assay for a bifunctional enzyme. J.
Biochem. and Bioph. methods 27, 293-299
Allegrini S., Pesi R., Tozzi M. G., Fiol C., Johnson B. and Eriksson S. (1997) Bovine cytosolic IMP/GMP-specific 5’-nucleotidase: cloning and expression of active enzyme in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 328, 483-487
Allegrini S., Scaloni A., Ferrara L., Pesi R., Pinna P., Sgarrella F., Camici M., Eriksson S. and Tozzi M.G. (2001) Bovine Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase acts through the formation of an aspartate 52-phosphoenzyme intermediate. J.B.C. 276, 33526-33532
127 Allegrini S., Scaloni A., Careddu M. G., Cuccu G., D’Ambrosio C., Pesi R., Camici M., Ferrara L. and Tozzi M.G. (2004) Mechanistic studies on bovine cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II, an enzyme belonging to the HAD superfamily. Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 4881-4891
Allen K.N. and Dunaway-Mariano D. (2004) Phosphoryl group transfer: evolution of catalytic scaffold. TRENDS in Biochem. Sciences 29, 495-503
Amici A., Emanuelli M., Magni G., Raffaelli N. and Ruggieri S. (1997) Pyrimidine nucleotidases from human erytrocytes possess phosphotransferase activities specific for pyrimidine nucleotides. FEBS Lett. 419, 263-267
Amici A., Emanuelli M., Raffaelli N., Ruggirei S., Saccucci F., Magni G. (2000) Human erytrocyte pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase, PN-I, is identical to p36, a protein associated to lupus inclusion formation in response to -interferon. American Soc. Hemat. 96, 1596-1598
Amici A. and Magni G. (2002) Human Erythrocyte Pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase, PN-I. Archives of Biochem. and Bioph. 397, 2, 184-190
Baiocchi C., Pesi R., Camici M., Itoh R. and Tozzi M. G. (1996) Mechanisms of reaction catalyzed by cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase/phosphotransferase: formation of a phosphorilated intermediate. Biochem. J. 317, 797-801
Banditelli S., Baiocchi C., Pesi R., Allegrini S., Turriani M., Ipata P. L., Camici M., Tozzi M. G. (1996) The phosphotransferase activity of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase; a purine analog
phosphorilating enzyme. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 28, 711-720
Barsotti C., Ipta P.L. (2004) Metabolic regulation of ATP breakdown and of adenosine production in rat brain extracts. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36, 2214-2225
Barsotti C., Pesi R., Giannecchini M. and Ipata P.L. (2005) Evidence for the involvement of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase (cN-II) in the synthesis of guanine nucleotides from xanthosine. J.B.C. 280, 13465-13469
128 Berman P.A., Black D.A., Human L., Harley E.H. (1988) Oxypurine cycle in human erythrocytes regulated by pH, inorganic phosphate, and oxygen. J. Clin. Invest. 82, 980-986
Bianchi V. and Spychala J. (2003) Mammalian 5’-Nucleotidases. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 46195-46198
Bitto E., Bingman C.A., Wesenberg G.E., McCoy J.G., Phillips G.N. Jr (2006) Structure of pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase type 1 – Insight into mechanism of action and inhibition during lead poisoning. JBC 281, 20521-20529
Bobbert P., Schluter H., Schultheiss H.P., Reusch H.P. (2008) Diadenosine polyphosphates Ap3A
and Ap4A, but not Ap5A or Ap6A, induce proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem.
Pharm. 75, 1966-1973
Bontemps F., Van Den Berghe G., Hers H.G. (1988) 5’-Nucleotidase activities in human erythrocytes. Biochem. J. 250, 687-696
Boussif O., Lezoualc F., Zanta M.A., Mergny M.D., Scherman D., Demeneix B., Behr J.P. (1995) A versatile vector for gene and oligonucleotide transfer into cells in culture and in vivo: Polyethylenimine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7297-7301
Bradford M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254
Bretonnet A.S., Jordheim L.P, Dumontet C., Lancelin J.M. (2005) Regulation and activity of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II a bifunctional allosteric enzyme of the Haloacid Dehalogenase superfamily involved in cellular metabolism. FEBS Letters 579, 3363-3368
Brummelkamp T. R., Bernards R., Agami R. (2002) A System for Stable Expression of Short Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells. Science 296, 550-553
Buchschacher G.L. Jr (2002) Introduction to retroviruses and retroviral vectors. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 26, 1-11
129 Burns J.C., Friedmann T., Driever W., Burrascanos M., Yee J. (1993) Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors: Concentration to very high titer and efficient gene transfer into mammalian and nonmammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8033-8037
Burroughs M., Allen K. N., Dunaway-Mariano D. and L. Aravind (2006) Evolutionary Genomics of the HAD Superfamily: Understanding the Structural Adaptations and Catalytic Diversity in a Superfamily of Phosphoesterases and Allied Enzymes. J. Mol. Biol. 361, 1003–1034
Caligo M.A., Bonatti F., Guidugli L., Aretini P., Galli A. (2009) A yeast recombination assay to characterize human BRCA1 missense variants of unknown pathological significance. Hum. Mutat. 30, 123-2009
Camici M., Micheli V., Ipata P.L., Tozzi M.G. (2010) Pediatric neurological syndromes and inborn errors of purine metabolism. Neurochem. Intern. 56 (2010) 367–378
Careddu M.G., Allegrini S., Pesi R., Camici M., Garcia-Gil M., Tozzi M.G. (2008) Knockdown of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II ( cN-II ) reveals that its activity is essential for survival in astrocytoma cells. BBA 1783, 1529-1535
Ceruti S., Mazzola a., Abbracchio M.P. (2005) Resistance of human astrocytoma cells to apoptosis induced by mitochondria-damaging agents: possible implications for anticancer therapy. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 314, 825–837
Chiarelli L.R., Bianchi P., Fermo E., Galizzi A., Iadarola P., Mattevi A., Zanella A., Valentini G. (2005) Functional analysis of pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase mutants causing nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Blood 106, 3340-3345
Chiarelli LR, Morera SM, Galizzi A, Fermo E, Zanella A, Valentini G. (2008) Functional analysis of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase mutants causing nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Blood 105 (8), 3340-5.
Chifflet S., Torriglia A., Chiesa R., Tolosa S. (1988) A method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in the presence of labile organic phosphate and high concentrations of protein: application to lens ATPases. Anal. Biochem. 168, 1-4
130 Colgan S.P., Eltzschig H.K., Eckle2 T., Thompson L.F. (2006) Physiological roles for
ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73). Purin. Sign. 2, 351–360
Coligan J.E., Dunn B.M., Ploegh H.L., Speicher D.W., Wingfield P.T. (2003) Current Protocols in
Protein Science. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Collavoli A., Comelli L., Rainaldi G. and Galli A. (2008) A yeast-based genetic screening to identify human proteins that increase homologous recombination. FEMS Yeast Res 8, 351-361
Collet J.F., Stroobant V., Pirard M., Delpierre G. and Van Schaftingen E. (1998) A new class of phosphotransferases phosphorylated on an aspartate residue in an amino-terminal DXDX(T/V) motif. JBC 273, 14107-14112
Current Protocol in Protein Science (2003). Ed. Wiley
Darvish A., Postlewaite J. J., Metting P. J. (1993a) Immunogold localization of adenosine 5’-monophosphate specific cytosolic 5’nucleotidasein dog heart. Hypertension 21, 906-910.
Darvish A., Metting P. J. (1993b) Purification and regulation of anAMP-specific cytosolic 5V-nucleotidase from dog heart. Am. J. Physiol. 264, 1528-1534.
Deaglio S., Robson S.C. (2011) Ectonucleotidases as regulators of purinergic signaling in thrombosis, inflammation, and immunity. Adv. Pharmacol. 61, 301-332
Doyle A. and Griffiths J.B. (1999) Cell and tissue: laboratory procedures in biotechnology. Ed. Wiley
Eltzschig H. K., Ibla J. C., Furuta G. T., Leonard M. O., Jacobson K. A., Enjyoji K., Robson S.C., Colgan S.P. (2003). Coordinated adenine nucleotide phosphohydrolysis and nucleoside signaling in posthypoxic endothelium: role of ectonucleotidases and adenosine A2B receptors. J. Exp. Med. 198, 783-796.
Filoni D.N., Pesi R., Careddu M.G., Allegrini S., Collavoli A., Scarfone I., Zucchi F., Galli A. and Tozzi M.G (2011) Initial studies to define the physiologic role of cN-II. NNNA 30, 1155–1160
131 Fini C., Amoresano A., Andolfo A., D'Auria S., Floridi A., Paolini S., Pucci P. (2000) Mass spectrometry study of ecto-5’-nucleotidase from bull seminal plasma. Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 4978-4987
Fisher C.L. and Pei G.K. (1997) Modification of a PCR-Based site-Directed Mutagenesis Method. Biotechniques 23 , 570-572
Fridland A.M., Connely C. and Robbins T. (1986) Tiazofurin metabolism in human lymphoblastoid cells: evidence for phosphorylation by adenosine kinase and 5’-nucleotidase. Cancer Res. 46, 532-537
Gallier F., Lallemand P., Meurillon M., Jordheim L.P., Dumontet C., Périgaud C., Lionne C., Peyrottes S., Chaloin L. (2011) Structural Insights into the Inhibition of Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase II (cN-II) by Ribonucleoside 5’-Monophosphate Analogues. PloS Comput Biol 7 (12): e1002295. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002295
Gallinaro L., Crovatto K., Rampazzo C., Pontarin G., Ferraro P., Milanesi E., Reichard P., Bianchi V. (2002) Human Mitochondrial 5’-Deoxyribonucleotidase – Overproduction in cultured cells and functional aspects. J. Biochem. Chem. 277 (38), 35080-25087
Galmarini C.M., Graham K., Thomas X., Calvo F., Rousselot P., El Jafaari A., Cros E., Mackey J.R. and Dumontet C. (2001a) Expression of high Km 5’-nucleotidase in leukemic blasts is an independent prognostic factor in adults with acute myeloid leukaemia. Blood 98, 1922-1926
Galmarini C.M., Mackey J.R. and Dumontet (2001b) Nucleoside analogues; mechanism of drug resistance and reversal strategies. Leukemia 15, 875-890
Galmarini C. M., Thomas X., Calvo F., Rousselot P., Jafaari A. E., Cros E., Dumontet C. (2002) Potential mechanisms of resistance to cytarabine in AML patients. Leukemia Res. 26, 621-629.
Galmarini C.M., Jordheim L. and Dumontet C. (2003a) Role of IMP-selective 5’-nucleotidase (cN-II) in hematological malignancies. Leuk. Lymphoma 44, 1005-1111
132 Galmarini C.M., Thomas X., Graham K., El Jafaari G., Cros E., Jordheim L., Mackey J.R., Dumontet C. (2003b) Deoxycytidine kinase and cN-II nucleotidase expression in blast cells predict survival in acute myeloid leukaemia patients treated with cytarabine. British J. Haemat. 122, 53-60
Galmarini C.M., Cros E., Graham K., Thomas X., Mackey J.R., Dumontet C (2004) 5'-(3')-nucleotidase mRNA levels in blast cells are a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with cytarabine. Haemat. 89(5), 617-9
Galmarini C.M., Cros E., Thomas X., Jordheim L., Dumontet C. (2005) The prognostic value of cN-II and cN-cN-III enzymes in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Haemat. 90( 12),1699-1701
Galmarini C.M. (2007) What does over-expression of cN-II enzyme signify in haematological malignancies? Leukemia Res. 31, 1325-1326
Garcia-Gil M., Pesi R., Perna S., Allegrini S., Giannecchini M., Camici M. and Tozzi M.G. (2003) 5’-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells. Neuroscience 117, 811-820
Garvey E. P., Lowen G. T., Almond M. R. (1998) Nucleotide and nucleoside analogues as inhibitors of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase I from heart. Biochem. 37, 9043– 9051.
Gazziola C., Moras M., Ferraro P., Gallinaro L., Verin R., Rampazzo C., Reichard P., Bianchi V. (1999) Induction of human high Km 5’-Nucleotidase in cultured 293 cells. Exp. Cell Res. 253,
474-482
Gazziola C., Ferraro P., Moras M., Reichard P and Bianchi V. (2001) Cytosolic High Km 5’-Nucleotidase and 5’(3’)-Deoxyribonucleotidase in substrate cycles involved in nucleotide
metabolism. JBC 276, 6185-6190
Ge Q., Ilves H., Dallas A., Kumar P., Shorenstein J., Kazakov S.A., Johnston B.H. (2010) Minimal-length short hairpin RNAs: The relationship of structure and RNAi activity. RNA 16, 106-117
Genini D., Adachi S., Chao Q., Rose D.W., Carrera J.C., Cottam H.B., Caeson D.A and Leoni L. M. (2000) Deoxyadenosine analogues induce programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic
133 leukemia cells by damaging the DNA and by directly affecting the mitochondria. Blood 96, 3537-3543
Gorman C.M., Howard B.H., Reeves R. (1983) Expression of recombinant plasmids in mammalian cells is enhanced by sodium butyrate. Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 7631-7648.
Grenz A., Zhang H., Eckle T., Mittelbronn M., Wehrmann M., Köhle C., Kloor D., Thompson L.F., Osswald H., Eltzschig H.K. (2007) Protective Role of Ecto-5’-Nucleotidase (CD73) in Renal Ischemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 18, 833–845
Hart M., Much C., Gorzolla I.C, Schittenhelm J., Kloor D., Stahl G.L., Eltzschig H.K., (2008) Extracellular Adenosine Production by Ecto-5’-Nucleotidase Protects During Murine Hepatic Ischemic Preconditioning. Gastroenterology 135, 1739-1750
Hisano T., Hata Y., Fujii T., Liu J.Q, Kurihara T., Esaki N., Soda K. (1996) Crystal structure of L-2-Haloacid Dehalogenase of Pseudomonas sp. YL. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20322-20330
Höglund L. and Reichard P. (1990) Cytoplasmic 5’(3’)-nucleotidase from human placenta. JBC, 265, 6589-6595
Hunsucker S. A., Spychala J. and Mitchell B.S. (2001) Human cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase I: characterization and role in nucleoside analog resistance. JBC 276, 10498-10504
Hunsucker S.A., Mitchell B.S. , Spychala J. (2005) The 5’-nucleotidases as regulators of nucleotide and drug metabolism. Pharmac. & Therap. 107, 1-30
Ipata P.L. and Tozzi M.G. (2006) Recent advances in structure and function of cytosolic IMP-GMP specific 5’-nucleotidase II ( cN-II ). Purin. Signall. 2, 669-675
Itoh R., Mitsui A., Tsushima K. (1967) 5’-nucleotidase of chicken liver. BBA 146 (1), 151-9
Itoh R., Oka j., Ozasa H. (1986) Regulation of rat heart cytosol 5’-nucleotidase by adenylate energy charge. Biochem. J. 235, 847-851
134 Itoh R. and Yamada K. (1990) Pig lung 5’-nucleotidase: effect of diadenosine 5’,5’’’-P1,P4 -tetraphosphate and its related compounds. Int. J. Biochem. 22, 231-238
Itoh R. and Yamada K. (1991) Determination of cytoplasmic 5’-nucleotidase which preferentially hydrolyses 6-hydroxypurine nucleotides in pig, rat and human tisues by immunotitration. Int. J. Biochem. 23, 461-465
Itoh R., Echizen H., Hiouchi M., Oka J., Yamada K. (1992) A comparative study on tissue distribution and metabolic adaptation of IMP-GMP 5’- nucleotidase. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 103, 153-159
Itoh R. (1993) IMP-GMP 5’- nucleotidase. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 105 , 13-19
Itoh R. (1994) Purification and some properties of an IMP-specific 5’-nucleotidase from yeast. Biochem J. 298, 593-598
Itoh R., Kimura K. (2002) Occurrence of IMP-GMP 5’-nucleotidase in three fish species: a comparative study on Trachurus japonicus, Oncorhynchus masou masou and Triakis Scyllium. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 132, 401-408
Itoh R., Kimura K. (2003a) IMP-GMP 5’-nucleotidase in reptiles: occurrence in a turtle, a tortoise end three species of snakes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 135, 657-662
Itoh R., Saint-Marc C., Chaignepain S., Katahira R., Schmitter J.M., Daignan-Fornier B. (2003b) The yeast ISN I ( YORI 55c ) gene encodes a new type of IMP-specific 5’-nucleotidase. BMC Biochem. (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2091/4/4)
Itoh R., Kimura K. (2005) IMP-GMP 5’-nucleotidase in reptiles: occurrence and tissue distribution in a crocodile and three species of lizards. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 107-112
Jewell N.A., Mansky L.M. (2000) In the beginning: Genome recognition, RNA encapsidation and the initiation of complex retrovirus assembly. J. Gen. Virology 81,1889-1899
135
Johnson M.A., Ahluwalia G., Connelly M.C., Cooney D.A., Broder S., Johns D.G., Fridland A. (1988) Metabolic pathways for the activation of the antiretroviral agent 2’,3’-Dideoxyadenosine in
human lymphoid cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 15354-15357
Johnson M.A. and Fridland A. (1989) Phosphorylation of 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine by cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase of human lymphoid cells. Mol. Pharmac. 36, 291-295
Jordheim L.P., Galmarini C.M., Dumontet C. (2003) Drug resistance to cytotoxic nucleoside analogues. Current Drug Targets 4, 443-460
Jordheim L.P., Cros E., Galmarini C.M., Dumontet C., Bretonnet A.S., Krimm I., Lancelin J.M., Gagnieu M.C. (2006) F-ara-AMP is a substrate of cytoplasmic 5’-nucleotidase II ( cN-II ): HPLC and NMR studies of enzymatic dephosphorylation. NNNA 25, 289-297
Jordheim L.P., Dumontet C. (2007) Review of recent studies on resistance to cytotoxic deoxynucleoside analogues. BBA 1176, 138-159
Jordheim L.P. (2008) Differential Allelic Expression in Leukoblast from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Suggests Genetic Regulation of CDA, DCK, NT5C2, NT5C3, and TP53. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 36 (12), 2419-2423
Kanno H., Takizawa T., Miwa S., Fujii H. (2004) Molecular basis of Japanese variants of pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase deficiency. Br. J. Haematol. 126, 265-271
Kawasaki H., Carrera C.J., Piro L.D., Seven A., Kipps T.J. and Carson D.A.(1993) Relationship of deoxycytidine kinase and cytoplasmic 5’-nucleotidase to the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Blood 81, 597-601
Keller P.M., McKee S.A. and Fyfe J.A. (1985) Cytoplasmic 5’-nucleotidase catalyses acyclovir phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 260, 8664-8667
Kichler A., Leborgne C., Coeytaux E., Danos O. (2001) Polyethylenimine-mediated gene delivery: a mechanistic study. J. Gene Med. 3(2), 135-44
136 Knofel T. and Sträter N. (1999) X-ray structure of the Escherichia coli periplasmic 5’-nucleotidase containing a dimetal catalytic site. Nat. Struct. Biol. 6, 448-453
Knofel T. and Sträter N. (2001) Mechanism of hydrolysis of phosphate esters by a dimetal centre of 5’-nucleotidase based on crystal structure. J. Mol. Biol. 309, 239-254
Koonin E.V. (1994) Conserved sequence pattern in a wide variety of phosphoesterases. Protein Science 3, 356-358
Koonin E.V. and Tatusov R.L. (1994) Computer analysis of bacterial Haloacid Dehalogenases defines a large superfamily of hydrolases with diverse specificity. J. Mol. Biol. 244, 125-132
Kulkarni S.S., Karlsson H.K.R., Szekeres F., Chibalin A.V., Krook A., Zierath J.R. (2011) Suppression of 5’-Nucleotidase Enzymes Promotes AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Phosphorylation and Metabolism in Human and Mouse Skeletal Muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 40, 34567-34574
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680-685
Lahiri S.D., Zhang G., Dai J., Dunaway-Mariano D. and Allen K.N. (2004) Analysis of the substrate specificity loop of the HAD superfamily cap domain. Biochem. 43, 2812-2820
Lechward K. and Tkacz-Stachowska K. (2009) Expression of cytosolic 5’ nucleotidase does not correlate with expression of oxidative metabolism marker: myoglobine in human skeletal muscles. ABB Sin. 41, 280-284
Le Hir M. (1991) A soluble 5’-nucleotidase in rat kidney. Stimulation by decavanadate. Biochem. J. 273, 795-798
Lennon P. F., Taylor C. T., Stahl G. L., Colgan S. P. (1998) Neutrophil-derived 5V-adenosine monophosphate promotes endothelial barrier. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1433-1443
137 Li Y.F., Hata Y., Fujii T., Hisano T., Nishihara M., Kurihara T., Esaki N. (1998) Crystal structure of reaction intermediates of L-2-Haloacid Dehalogenase and implications for the reaction mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 15035-15044
Liu J.Q., Kurihara T., Miyagi M., Esaki N., Soda K. (1995) Reaction mechanism of L-2-Haloacid Dehalogenase of Pseudomonas sp. YL. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 18309-18312
Lotfi K., Månsson E., Chandra J., Wang Y., Xu D., Knaust E., Spasokoukotskaja T., Liliemark E., Eriksson S., Albertioni F. (2001) Pharmacological basis for cladribine resistance in a human acute T lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line selected for resistance to etoposide. British J. Haemat. 113, 339-346
Lu M.M., Chen F., Gitler A., Li J., Jin F., Ma X.K., Epstein J.A. (2000) Cloning and expression analysis of murine lupin, a member of a novel gene family that is conserved through evolution and associated with Lupus inclusions. Dev. Genes Evol. 210, 512-517
Manganini M., Serafini M., Bambacioni F., Casati C., Erba E., Follenzi A., Naldini L., Bernasconi S., Gaipa G., Rambaldi A., Biondi A., Golay J., Introna M. (2002) A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene-derived sequence (cPPT/CTS) increases the efficiency of transduction of human nondividing monocytes and T lymphocytes by lentiviral vectors. Hum. Gene Ther. 13 (15), 1793-807
Manjunath N., Wu H., Subramanya S., Shankar P. (2008) Lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNAs. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 61, 732-745
Månsson E., Spasokoukotskaja T., Sallstrom J., Eriksson S. and Albertioni F. (1999) Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Fludarabine and Cladribine resistance in a human promyelocytic cell line. Cancer Res. 59, 5956-5963
Margolin J. F., Friedman J. R., Meyer W. K., Vissing H., Thiesen H. J., Rauscher F. J. (1994) Kruppel-associated boxes are potent transcriptional repression domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 91, 4509-13
Marinaki A.M., Escuredo E., Duley J.A., Simmonds H.A., Amici A., Naponelli V. (2001) Genetic basis of hemolytic anemia caused by pirimidine 5’-nucleotidase deficiency. Blood 97, 3327-3332
138 Marques A.F.P., Teixeira N.A., Gambaretto C., Sillero A., Gunther Sillero M.A. (1998) IMP-GMP 5’-Nucleotidase from rat brain: activation by polyphosphates. J. Neurochem. 71, 1241-1250
Martinez-Martinez A., Munoz-Delgado E., Campoy F.J., Flores-Flores C., Rodriguez-Lopez J.N., Fini C., Vidal C.J. (2000) The ecto-5’-nucleotidase subunits in dimers are not linked by disulfide bridges but by non-covalent bonds. BBA 1478, 300-308
Maserti B.E., Del Carratore R., Croce C.M., Podda A., Migheli Q., Froelicher Y., Luro F., Morillon R., Ollitrault P., Talon M., Rossignol M. (2011) Comparative analysis of proteome changes induced by the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and methyl jasmonate in citrus leaves. J. Plant Physiol. 168 (4), 392-402
Mazzon C., Rampazzo C., Scaini M.C., Gallinaro L., Karlsson A., Meier C., Balzarini J., Reichard P., Bianchi V. (2003) Cytosolic and Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotidases: activity with substrate analogs, inibitors and implications for therapy. Biochem. Pharmac. 66, 471-479
McBride M.S., Panganiban A.T. (1996) The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encapsidation site is a multipartite RNA element composed of functional hairpin structures. J. Virol. 70, 2963-2973
McMillen L., Beacham I.R., Burns D.M. (2003) Cobalt activation of Escherichia coli 5’-nucleotidase is due to zinc ion displacement at only one of two metal ion binding sites. Biochem.
J. 372, 625-630
Misumi Y., Ogata S., Ohkubo K., Hirose S., Ikehara Y. (1990) Primary structure of human placental 5’-nucleotidase and identification of the glycolipid anchor in the mature form. Eur. J. Biochem. 191, 563-569
Mitra A.K., Crews K.R., Pounds S., Cao X., Feldberg T., Ghodke Y., Gandhi V., Plunkett W., Dolan M.E., Hartford C., Raimondi S., Campana D., Downing J., Rubnitz J.E., Ribeiro R.C., Lamba J.K. (2011) Genetic variants in cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II are associated with its expression and cytarabine sensitivity in HapMap cell lines and in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 339 (1), 9-23
139 Morais M.C., Zhang W., Baker A., Zhang G., Dunaway-Mariano D., Allen K.N. (2000) The crystal structure of Bacillus cereus phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase: insight into catalysis of phosphorus bond cleavage and catalytic diversification within the HAD enzyme superfamily. Biochem. 39, 10385-10396
Moosmann P., Georgiev O., Thiesen H. J., Hagmann M., Schaffner W. (1997) Silencing of RNA polymerases II and III-dependent transcription by the KRAB protein domain of KOX1, a Kruppel-type zinc finger factor. Biol. Chem. 378, 669-77
Mosmann T. (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immun. Methods 65, 55-63
Morais M.C, Zhang W., Baker A.S., Zhang G., Dunaway-Mariano D., Allen K.N. (2000) The Crystal Structure of Bacillus cereus Phosphonoacetaldehyde Hydrolase: Insight into Catalysis of Phosphorus Bond Cleavage and Catalytic Diversification within the HAD Enzyme Superfamily. Biochem. 39, 10385-10396
Müller G., Jung C., Wied S., Biemer-Daub G., Frick W. (2010) Transfer of the glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored 5’-nucleotidase CD73 from adiposomes into rat adipocytes stimulates lipid synthesis. British J. Pharmac. 160, 878-891
Naldini L., Blömer U., Gage F.H., Trono D., Verma I.M. (1996) Efficient transfer, integration, and sustained long-term expression of the transgene in adult rat brains injected with a lentiviral vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U S A. 93 (21), 11382-11388
Niepmann M., Zheng J. (2006) Discontinuous native protein gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 27(20), 3949-51
Niepmann M. (2007) Discontinuous native protein gel electrophoresis: pros and cons. Expert Rev. Proteomics 4 (3) , 355-361
Nyhan W.L. (1997) The recognition of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome as an inborn error of purine metabolism. J. Inher. Metab. Dis. 20, 171-178
140 Oka J., Matsumoto A., Hosokawa Y., Inoue S. (1994) Molecular cloning of human cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205 (1), 917-22
Page T. and Nyhan W.L. (1992), Neurologic Aspects of Pediatrics, Ed. Berg B.O, 177-193
Page T., Yu A., Fontanesi J. and Nyhan W.L. (1997) Developmental disorder associated with increased cellular nucleotidase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 94, 11601-11606
Pauwels K. , Gijsbers R., Toelen J., Schambach A., Willard-Gallo K., Verheust C., Debyser Z. and Herman P. (2009) State-of-the-Art Lentiviral Vectors for Research Use: Risk Assessment and Biosafety Recommendations. Current Gene Therapy 9, 459-474
Pesi R., Turriani M., Allegrini S., Scolozzi C, Camici M., Ipata P.L. and Tozzi M.G. (1994) The bifunctional cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase: regulation of the phosphotransferase and nucleotidase activities. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 312, 75-80
Pesi R., Baiocchi C., Tozzi M. G., Camici M. (1996) Synergistic action of ADP and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate on the modulation of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase. BBA 1294, 191-194
Pesi R., Baiocchi C., Allegrini S., Moretti E., Sgarrella F., Camici M. and Tozzi M. G. (1998) Identification, separation and characterization of two forms of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase/nucleoside phosphotransferase in calf thymus. Biol. Chem. 379, 699-704
Pesi R., Micheli V., Jacomelli G., Peruzzi L., Camici M., Garcia-Gil M., Allegrini S., Tozzi M. G. (2000) Cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase hyperactivity in erythrocytes of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome patients. Cl. Neuroscience 11, 1827-1831
Pesi R., Camici M., Micheli V., Notarantonio L., Jacomelli G., Tozzi M. G. (2008) Identification of the nucleotidase responsible for the AMP hydrolysing hyperactivity associated with neurological and developmental disorders. Neurochem. Res. 33, 59-65
Pesi R., Allegrini S., Careddu M.G., Filoni D.N., Camici M. and Tozzi M.G. (2010) Active and regulatory sites of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase. FEBS J. 277, 4863-4872
141
Pinto R. M., Canales J., Faraldo A., Sillero A. and Sillero M. A. G. (1987) Cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase from Artemia embryos. Purification and properties. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86,
49-53
Pluta K. And Kacprzak M.M. (2009) Use of HIV as a gene transfer vector. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 56 (4), 531-595
PYES2, version J, Invitrogen (no. V825-20)
QuikChange® Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit manual, Stratagene (Catalog #200518, Revision #072008h)
Rampazzo C., Gazziola C., Ferraro P., Gallinaro L., Johansson M., Reichard P. and Bianchi V. (1999) Human high-Km 5’-nucleotidase. Effect of overexpression of the cloned cDNA in cultured
human cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 261, 689-697
Rampazzo C, Johansson M., Gallinaro L., Ferraro P., Hellman U., Karlsson A., Reichard P., Bianchi V. (2000a) Mammalian 5’(3’)-deoxyribonucleotidase, cDNA cloning and overexpression of the enzyme in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells. JBC 275, 5409-5415
Rampazzo C., Gallinaro L., Milanesi E., Frigimelica E, Reichard P. and Bianchi V. (2000b) A deoxyribonucleotidase in mitochondria: involvement in regulation of dNTP pools and possible link to genetic disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 97, 8239-8244
Rampazzo C., Kost-Alimova M., Ruzzenente B., Dumaski J.P., Bianchi V. (2002) Mouse cytosolic and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotidase: cDNA cloning of the mitochondrial enzyme, gene
structure, chromosomal mapping and comparison with the human orthologs. Gene 294, 109-117
Rampazzo C., Ferraro P., Pontarin G., Fabris S., Reichard P. (2004) A deoxyribonucleotidase in mitochondria: involvement in regulation of dNTP pools and possibile link to genetic disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 97, 8239-8244
142 Rees D.C., Duley J.A., Marinaki A.M. (2003) Pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase deficiency. British J. Haematol. 120, 375-383
Resta R., Hooker S. W., Hansen K. R., Laurent A. B., Park J. L., Blackburn M. R., et al. (1993). Murine ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73)-cDNA cloning and tissue distribution. Gene 133, 171-177.
Resta R., Yamashita Y., Thompson L. F. (1998). Ecto-enzyme and signaling functions of lymphocyte CD73. Immunol. Rev. 161, 95–109.
Ridder I.S. and Dijkstra B.W. (1999) Identification of the Mg2+-binding site in the P-type ATPase and phosphatase members of the HAD ( haloacid dehalogenase ) superfamily by structural similarity to the response regulator protein CheY. Biochem. J. 339, 223-226
Rinaldo-Matthis A., Rampazzo C., Reichard P., Bianchi V. and Nordlund P (2002) Crystal structures of a human mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotidase. Nature Struct. Biol. 9, 779-787
Rinaldo-Matthis A., Rampazzo C., Balzarini J., Reichard P., Bianchi V., Nordlund P. (2004) Crystal Structures of the Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleotidase in Complex with Two Specific Inhibitors. Mol. Pharmacol. 65, 860-867
Sakoda T., Kasahara N., Hamamori Y., Kedes L. (1999) A High-Titer Lentiviral Production System Mediates Efficient Transduction of Differentiated Cells Including Beating Cardiac Myocytes. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 31, 2037-2047
Sala-Newby G.B., Skladanowski C., Newby A.C. (1999) The mechanism of adenosine formation in cells: cloning of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase I. JBC 274, 17789-17793
Sala-Newby G.B., Freeman N. V. E, Skladanowski A.C., Newby A.C. (2000) Distinct roles for recombinant cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase-I and -II in AMP and IMP catabolism in COS-7 and H9c2 rat myoblast cell lines. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 11666-11671
Sala-Newby G.B. and Newby A.C. (2001) Cloning of a mouse cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase-I identifies a new gene related to human autoimmune infertility-related protein. BBA 1521, 12-18
143 Sala-Newby G.B., Freemann N.V.E., Curto M.A., Newby A.C. (2003) Metabolic and functional consequence of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase Ia overexpression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Circulation 285, 991-998
Sambrook J., Russell D.W. (2001) Molecular Cloning – A laboratory manual. CSH Press, III Edition
Schiestl RH. (1989) Nonmutagenic carcinogens induce intrachromosomal recombination in yeast. Nature 337, 285-288.
Schlaeger E.J. and Christensen K. (1999) Transient gene expression in mammalian cells grown in serum-free suspension culture. Cytotechnology 30, 71-83
Senatore B., Cafieri A., Di Marino I., Rosati M., Di Nocera P.P., Grimaldi G. (1999) A variety of RNA polymerases II and III-dependent promoter classes is repressed by factors containing the Krüppel-associated/finger preceding box of zinc finger proteins. Gene 234 (2), 381-394
Sève P., Mackey J.R., Isaac S., Trédan O., Souquet P.J., Pérol M., Cass C., Dumontet C. (2005) cN-II expression predicts survival in patients receiving gemcitabine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 49, 363-370
Sidi Y. and Mitchell B.S. (1985) Z-nucleotide accumulation in erythrocytes from Lesch-Nyhan patients. J. Clin. Invest. 76, 2416-2419
Skladanowski A.C. and Newby A.C. (1990) Partial purification and properties of an AMP-specific soluble 5’-nucleotidase from pigeon heart. Biochem. J. 268, 117-122
Soneoka Y., Cannon P.M., Ramsdale E.E., Griffiths J.C., Romano G., Kingsman M.S., Kingsman A.J. (1995) A transient three plasmid expression system for the production of high titer retroviral vectors. Nucleic Acids Res., 23 (4), 628-633
Sowa N.S., Voss M.K., Zylka M.J. (2010) Recombinant ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) has long lasting antinociceptive effects that are dependent on adenosine A1 receptor activation. Mol. Pain 6:
144 Spychala J., Madrid-Marina V., Fox I.H. (1988) High Km solubile 5’-Nucleotidase from human
placenta. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18759-18765
Spychala J., Chen V., Oka J. and Mitchell B. S. (1999) ATP and phosphate reciprocally affect subunit association of human recombinant High Km 5’-nucleotidase. Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 851-858
Sträter N. (2006) Ecto-5’-nucleotidase: Structure function relationships, Purin. Signall. 2, 343-350
Suzuki K., Sugawara T., Ovake T., Uchivama T., Aoki Y., Tsuikushi Y., Onodera S., Ito S., Murai K., Ishida Y. (2007) Clinical significance of high-Km 5’-nucleotidase ( cN-II ) mRNA expression in high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia Res. 31, 1343-1349
Synnestvedt K., Furuta G. T., Comerford K.M., Louis N., Karhausen J., Eltzsching H. K., Hansen K. R., Thompson L. F. and Colgan S. P. (2002) Ecto-5’-Nucleotidase (CD73) regulation by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates permeability changes in intestinal epithelia. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 993-1002
Szulc J., Wiznerowicz M., Sauvain M.O., Trono D., Aebischer P. (2006) A versatile tool for conditional gene expression and knockdown. Nature Methods 3, 109-116
Szulc J. and Aebischer P. (2008) Conditional Gene Expression and Knockdown Using Lentivirus Vectors Encoding shRNA. Methods Mol. Biol. 434 (2)
Tjernshaugen H. and Fritzon P. (1984) Activity of cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy. Int. J. Biochem. 16, 607-613
Tkacz-Stachowska K., Lechward K., Skladanowski A.C. (2005) Isolation and characterization of pigeon breast muscle cytosolic 5´-nucleotidase-I (cN-I). Acta Biochimica Polonica, 52 (4), 789-796
Tozzi M. G., Camici M., Pesi R., Allegrini S., Sgarrella F. and Ipata P.L. (1991) Nucleoside phosphotransferase activity of human colon carcinoma cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase. Archives Biochem. and Byoph. 291, 212-217
145 Truong V.L., Collinson A.R., Lowenstein J.M. (1988) 5'-Nucleotidases in rat heart. Evidence for the occurrence of two soluble enzymes with different substrate specificities. Biochem. J. 253 (1),117-21.
Tullson P.C., Terjung, R.L. (1990) Adenine nucleotide degradation in striated muscle. Int. J. Sports 11 (2), 47-55
Turriani M., Pesi R., Tardone A., Turchi G., Sgarrella F., Ipata P.L., Tozzi M.G. (1994) Cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase/nucleoside phosphotransferase: a nucleoside analog activating enzyme? J. Biochem. Toxicol. 9, 51-57
Urrutia R. (2003) KRAB-containing zinc-finger repressor proteins. Genome Biol. 4 (10), 231
Van den Bosch R.A., du Maine A.P., Geuze H.J., van der Ende A., Strous G.J. (1988) Recycling of 5'-nucleotidase in a rat hepatoma cell line. EMBO J. 7 (11), 3345-3351
Vartanian A.,Alexandrov I., Prudowski I., McLennan, Kisselev L. (1999) Ap4A induces apoptosis in
human cultured cells. FEBS Letters 456, 175-180
Walldén K., Ruzzenente B., Rinaldo-Matthis A., Bianchi V., Nordlund P. (2005) Structural basis for substrate specificity of the human mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotidase. Structure 13, 1081-1088
Walldén K., Rinaldo-Matthis A., Ruzzenente B., Rampazzo C., Bianchi V., Nordlund P. (2007a) Crystal structure of human and murine deoxyribonucleotidases: insights into recognition of substrates and nucleotide analogues. Biochem. 46, 13809-13818
Walldén K., Stenmark P., Nyman T., Flodin S., Graslund S., Loppnau P., Bianchi V., Nordlund P. (2007b) Crystal structure of human cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II: insights into allosteric regulation and substrate recognition. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (24),17828-36
Walldén K. and Nordlund P. (2011) Structural Basis for the Allosteric Regulation and Substrate Recognition of Human Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase II. J. Mol. Biol. 408 (4) , 684-696
146 Wiznerowicz M. and Didier Trono (2003) Conditional Suppression of Cellular Genes: Lentivirus Vector-Mediated Drug-Inducible RNA Interference. J. Virology 77 (16), 8957-8961
Wiznerovicz M., Szulc J., Trono D. (2006) Tuning silence: conditional systems for RNA interference. Nature methods 3 (9), 682-688
Worku Y. and Newby A.C. (1982) Nucleoside exchange catalysed by the cytoplasmic 5’-nucleotidase. Biochem. J. 205, 503-510
Worku Y. and Newby A.C. (1983) The mechanism of adenosine production in rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Biochem. J. 214, 325-330
Wu F., Li P., Zou A. (1999) Microassay of 5’-Nucleotidase and Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Microdissected Nephron Segments. Anal. Biochem. 266, 133-139
Wu J.Z., Larson G., Walker H., Shim J.S., Hong Z. (2005) Phosphorylation of ribavirin and viramidine by adenosine kinase and cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II: implications for ribavirin metabolism in erythrocytes. Antimic. Agents Chemoter. 49, 2164-2171
Yamamoto S., Yamauchi T., Kawai Y., Takemura H., Kishi S., Yoshida A., Urasaki Y., Iwasaki H., Ueda T. (2007) Fludarabine-mediated circumvention of cytarabine resistance is associated with fludarabine triphosphate accumulation in cytarabine-resistant leukemic cells. Int. J. Hematol. 85, 108-115
Yamauchi T., Negoro E., Kishi S.,Takagi K., Yoshida A., Urasaki Y., Iwasaki H., Ueda T. (2009) Intracellular cytarabine triphosphate production correlates to deoxycytidine kinase/cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II expression ratio in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem. Pharmac. 77, 1780-1786
Yokota S., Oka J., Ozaka H., Itoh R. (1988) Immunocytochemical localization of cytosol 5’-nucleotidase in chicken liver. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 36 (8), 983-989
Zanella A., Bianchi P., Fermo E., Valentini G. (2006) Hereditary pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase deficiency: from genetics to clinical manifestations. British J Haem. 133, 113-123
147 Zhang G., Mazurkie A.S., Dunaway-Mariano D. and Allen K.N. (2002) Kinetic evidence for a substrate-induced fit in phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase catalysis. Biochem. 41, 13370-13377
Zimmermann H. (1992) 5’-Nucleotidase: molecular structure and functional aspects. Biochem. J. 285, 345-365
Zufferey R., Dull T., Mandel R.J., Bukovsky A., Quiroz D., Naldini L., Trono D. (1998) Self-Inactivating Lentivirus Vector for Safe and Efficient In Vivo Gene Delivery. J. Virology 72 (12), 9873-9880
Zufferey R., Donello J.E., Trono D., Hope T.J. (1999) Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element Enhances Expression of Transgenes Delivered by Retroviral Vectors. J. Virology 73 (4), 2886-2892