Living in the EU : asylum and migration

Asylum applicants in the EU

(per million inhabitants, 2018)

More than 1 977 889 - 1 977 196 - 888 96 - 195 Less than 96

EU average: 1 248 applicants per million inhabitants Applicants per million inhabitants

8 985 32 1 977 889 196 96

Asylum applicants in the EU

(in 1 000 applicants, 2018) In 1 000 applicants 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 DE 203 477 745 223 184 FR 64 76 84 99 120 EL 9 13 51 59 67 ES 6 15 16 37 54 IT 65 84 123 129 54 UK 33 40 40 35 38 NL 24 45 21 18 24 BE 23 45 18 18 23 SE 81 162 29 26 22 AT 28 88 42 25 13 Other 91 278 92 44 41 0 500 1 000 1 500 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 225 639 1 323 In 1 000 applicants

Top 20 countries of origin

(in 1 000 applicants, 2018)

First instance decisions on asylum

Syria Afghanistan Iraq Pakistan Nigeria Iran Turkey Venezuela Albania Georgia Eritrea Russia Bangladesh Guinea Somalia Colombia Algeria Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Sudan 84 46 45 29 25 25 23 22 22 19 15 15 15 14 13 10 10 10 9 9 (-73) (-21) (-2) (-7) (-3) (-16) (7) (7) (8) (-4) (8) (-10) (-2) (-6) (-4) (-1) (6) (0) (0) (-5) (-1) Variation 2017 - 2018 In 1 000 applicants The value in parentheses represents the change with respect to 2017; a positive value shows an increase, a negative value represents a decrease (e.g. there was a decrease of 73 000 applicants from Syria in 2018 compared to the year 2017). 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% IE LU PT FI SK BE DK LT CY EL RO AT MT SI DE HU EU 28 NL BG UK SE IT HR FR EE ES LV PL CZ 86 % 72 % 60 % 54% 53% 51% 50% 50% 49% 47% 46% 44 % 43 % 43 % 42 % 38% 37% 35% 35% 35% 34% 32% 31% 28% 27% 24% 24% 14% 11% 14% 28% 40% 46% 47% 49% 50% 50% 51% 53% 54% 56% 57% 57% 58% 62% 63% 65% 65% %65 66% 68% 69% 72% 73% 76% 76% 86% 89%

Positive decision Negative decision

Positive decisio

n

Negative decision

Migration from third countries plays an important role in shaping demography in Member States. In addition to the free movement-based internal population flows, Europe has received large numbers of immigrants from outside Europe for many decades. In this context, recent asylum flows to the European Union might contribute to the mitigation of important demographic challenges, depending on the official recognition of asylum-seekers as refugees, their integration into host societies and their own professional qualifications and experience.

Living in the EU: Asylum and Migration

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service EUI | European University Institute

Authors: Giulio Sabbati, Members’ Research Service, EPRS Caterina Francesca Guidi, GlobalStat, EUI

PE 637.938 - May 2019

AT A GLANCE

0% 10% 6% 4% 2% 14% 12% 8% 0 5 3 2 1 7 6 4 EU28 average: 4.4% LV EE AT LU DE MT IT ES EL SE SI DK FR BE CY UK IE CZ PT FI NL BG HU HR LT PL SK RO Non-EU population: 22.3 million persons Share of total population (Left axis) In million persons (Right axis)

Non-EU populaon (in 1 000 persons

) 34.8% 40% 60% 80% 100% 34.0% 31.2% 20% 0% IE BG PL UK SK EE LU MT CY SE HU DK LT FR CZ LV EU28 PT BE NL FI ES AT DE HR SI IT EL 144 71 209 2 426 15 178 43 29 35 544 83 285 20 3 145 296 266 22 293 285 462 451 148 2 631 687 5 462 35 102 3 582 605 Note: No data available for Romania. Primary

(ISCED 0-2) Secondary(ISCED 3-4) (ISCED 5-8)Tertiary 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% MT CZ LT RO PL EE PT SI LV CY UK IE HU DK IT AT EU28 ES DE NL LU EL SE FR FI BE

% of total non-EU population 15 - 64 years

% of active non-EU population 15 - 64 years

57.3%

14.9%

Employment

Unemployment

Note: no data availabe for Bulgaria, Croatia and Slovakia (both indicators). No data available for Malta, Lithuania, Romania and Poland (for unemployment).

85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 <5 0% 3% 6% 9% 12% 0% 12% 9% 6% 3% Female Male EU national Non-EU EU national Non-EU

Percentages of the non-EU, EU national populations, respectively

Notes

GlobalStat is a project developed by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme (Italy) and the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation (Portugal).

Data sources for page 1: All data are from Eurostat (migr_asyappctza, migr_asydcfsta). Data sources for page 2: All data are are from Eurostat (migr-pop1ctz, lfsq_ergan, lfsq_urgan and edat_lfs_9912). Extraction date: data were extracted in March/April 2019.

This ‘At a glance’ note is part of a series ‘Living in the EU’. The other issues in the series cover Climate Change and Energy, European Elections and Democracy, Demography, Education and Health, and the Economy.

Non-EU population in the Member States

(Percentage share and in million persons, 2018)

Labour force - non-EU population

Age distribution by citizenship - EU and non-EU

(Percentage of population, 2018)

Non-EU population 25-54 years by education level

This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union & GlobalStat, 2019.

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Living in the EU: Asylum and Migration

EPRS and GlobalStat