Search for Signatures of Extra Dimensions in the Diphoton Mass Spectrum at the
Large Hadron Collider
S. Chatrchyan et al.* (CMS Collaboration)
(Received 4 December 2011; published 12 March 2012)
A search for signatures of extra spatial dimensions in the diphoton invariant-mass spectrum has been performed with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events above the standard model expectation is observed using a data sample collected in proton-proton collisions atpffiffiffis¼ 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of2:2 fb1. In the context of the large-extra-dimensions model, lower limits are set on the effective Planck scale in the range of 2.3–3.8 TeV at the 95% confidence level. These limits are the most restrictive bounds on virtual-graviton exchange to date. The most restrictive lower limits to date are also set on the mass of the first graviton excitation in the Randall-Sundrum model in the range of 0.86–1.84 TeV, for values of the associated coupling parameter between 0.01 and 0.10.
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.111801 PACS numbers: 13.85.Rm, 11.25.Wx, 13.85.Qk
Over a decade ago, Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD) [1,2] proposed that extra spatial dimensions could potentially solve the standard model (SM) hierarchy problem [3], which consists of the observation of the unnatural difference of scales between the gravitational and electroweak theories. They proposed a scenario whereby the SM is constrained to the common 3 þ 1 space-time dimensions (brane), while gravity is free to propagate throughout a larger multidimensional space (bulk). The gravitational flux on the brane is therefore diluted by virtue of Gauss’s law in the bulk, which relates the fundamental Planck scale MD to the apparent reduced scale MPl 2 1018 GeV according to the formula MnEDþ2
D ¼
M2Pl
rnED, where r and nED are the size and number
of the extra dimensions (ED), respectively. Postulating a fundamental Planck scale to be on the order of the elec-troweak symmetry breaking scale (1 TeV) results in ED with r < 1 mm for nED 2.
Another model of ED that solves the hierarchy problem was proposed by Randall and Sundrum (RS) [4]. In this model, the observed hierarchy is related instead to the warped anti–de Sitter (AdS) geometry of the ED. We specifically consider the RS1 model whereby only one finite ED exists separating two branes, one at each end of the ED. The geometry of the bulk is based on a slice of a five-dimensional AdS space with a length rc, where rcis the compactification radius. The full metric is given by ds2 ¼ ekrcy
dxdx r2cdy2, where Greek indices run over four-dimensional space-time, is the
Minkowski metric tensor, and0 y is the coordinate along the single ED of radius rc. The value of k specifies the curvature scale (or ‘‘warp factor’’) and relates the fundamental Planck scale on one brane to the apparent scale on the other by¼ MPlekrc. As a consequence,
a value of krc 10 would provide a natural solution to the hierarchy problem, yielding 1 TeV.
Phenomenologically, the excited gravitons in both mod-els preferentially decay into two gauge bosons, such as photons, rather than into two leptons, because the graviton has spin 2, and so fermions cannot be produced in an s wave. In the RS scenario, gravitons appear as well-separated Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations with masses and widths determined by the parameters of the RS1 model. One convenient choice of parametrization is the mass M1 of the first excitation of the graviton and the dimensionless warp factor ~k k= MPl, which defines the strength of associated coupling to the SM fields. Precision electroweak data constrain ~k * 0:01, while perturbativity requirements limit ~k & 0:10 [5].
In the ADD model, the wave function of the KK gravitons must satisfy periodic boundary conditions, resulting in dis-crete energy levels with modal spacing of the order of the inverse ED size, from 1 to 100 meV, much smaller than the spacing in the RS1 model, which is expected to be of the order of 1 TeV. This effect produces an apparent con-tinuum spectrum of diphotons, rather than distinct reso-nances, at high (1 TeV) diphoton invariant mass M.
Summing over all KK modes in the ADD scenario results in a divergence in the cross section, so an ultraviolet (UV) cutoff scale MS is imposed. This effective Planck scale is related to—but potentially different from—the fundamental Planck scale MD. The precise relationship depends on the UV completion of the effective theory. The effects of virtual-graviton production on the differen-tial diphoton cross section are parametrized by the single
*Full author list given at the end of the article.
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variable G ¼ F =MS4, whereF is an order-unity dimen-sionless parameter, for which several conventions exist [6]. In this Letter, we set lower limits on MSin three different conventions: GRW [7], Hewett [8], and HLZ [9].
Searches for ED via virtual-graviton effects in the ADD model have been conducted at HERA, LEP, the Tevatron, and the LHC [10,11]. The most stringent previously pub-lished limits on MS for nED 3 come from the previous measurement in the diphoton channel at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment [6]. For nED¼ 2, mea-surements by the D0 experiment in the dijet [12] and diphotonþ dielectron [13] channels are more restrictive. The most sensitive previous search for RS gravitons was conducted by the ATLAS experiment [14]. They used a search in the dilepton final state to exclude M1< 1:63 TeV for ~k ¼ 0:10.
In this Letter, we present a search for both nonresonant and resonant diphoton production, in the ADD and RS1 models, respectively. We use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2:2 fb1, collected in pp colli-sions at pffiffiffis¼ 7 TeV at the LHC with the CMS detector between March and August 2011.
The CMS detector [15] is designed to study collisions at the LHC. An all-silicon tracker, an electromagnetic calo-rimeter (ECAL), and a hadronic sampling calocalo-rimeter are all contained within a large-bore 3.8 T superconducting solenoid. In the central region, the tracker consists of three radial layers of silicon pixel detectors followed radially by silicon strip detectors. The finely segmented ECAL has a design resolution for unconverted photons better than 0.5% at energies exceeding 100 GeV in the barrel (jj < 1:44). Here, the pseudorapidity is defined as ln½tanð=2Þ, where is the polar angle with respect to the direction of the counterclockwise beam. Beyond the solenoid lie four layers of muon detectors. The instantaneous luminosity is measured with a relative uncertainty of 4.5% using infor-mation from forward hadronic calorimeters [16]. The two-tiered CMS trigger consists of the level-one trigger, composed of custom hardware, and the software-based high-level trigger.
Events for the analysis were collected through a dipho-ton trigger, where each phodipho-ton was required to have a transverse energy ET E sin of at least 33, 55, or 60 GeV, depending on the instantaneous luminosity. We require that an event be consistent with a pp collision and have at least one well-reconstructed primary vertex [17]. We then reconstruct photons with ET> 70 GeV in the ECAL barrel by clustering electromagnetic energy depo-sitions. Electrons that do not originate from photon con-versions are suppressed by using information from the pixel detector to associate tracks and ECAL clusters com-patible with an electron hypothesis. The probability of misidentification of an electron as a photon is approxi-mately 3%, resulting in a negligibly small contribution to the diphoton spectrum in the signal region.
Hadronic jets can be misidentified as photons when their leading hadron is an energetic 0or meson. We reduce the misidentification rate from this source by placing the same restrictions on the isolation as in the previous analy-sis for this channel [6]. These restrictions limit the total transverse energy because of tracks and calorimeter depo-sitions near the photon cluster. Restrictions on the shower-shape variable , which is a modified second moment of the electromagnetic energy cluster about its mean position [18], also suppress hadronic misidentification. Topological and timing criteria suppress anomalous signals present in the ECAL [19]. Diphoton events are selected in which M> 140 GeV.
The photon reconstruction and identification efficiency is determined in Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and corrected using a data-to-MC scale factor of 1:005 0:034 derived from studying Z ! eþe events. The mea-sured efficiency for a single ET > 70 GeV photon with jj < 1:44 is ð87:4 5:4Þ% and depends only weakly on the ET and of the photon, and the number of extra collisions present in the event. The systematic uncertainty bounds the variation as a function of these variables, the most significant of which is the number of extra colli-sions. We reweight the simulation to give the same recon-structed primary-vertex distribution (on average 6–8 vertices) as observed in the data. We determine the corre-sponding diphoton reconstruction and identification effi-ciency ð76:4 9:6Þ% by squaring the single-photon efficiency.
The simulation of ED in the ADD model is performed using version 1.3.0 of theSHERPA[20] MC generator. The simulation includes both SM diphoton production and signal diphoton production via virtual-graviton exchange in order to account for the interference effects between the SM and ADD processes. The leading-order (LO) SHERPA cross sections are multiplied by a constant next-to-leading-order (NLO) K factor of 1:6 0:1, a value that represents an updated calculation for pffiffiffis¼ 7 TeV by the authors of Refs. [21,22]. The systematic uncertainty on the signal K factor reflects the approximate variation of the K factor over a large region of the model parameters; it is not intended to account for the theoretical uncertainty. The cross sections in the simulation are conservatively set to zero forpffiffiffi^s> MS because the theory becomes nonpertur-bative for larger values ofpffiffiffi^s. Introducing this sharp trun-cation reduces the upper limits on MSby a few percent.
The simulation of RS-graviton production is performed using version 6.424 of thePYTHIA[23] MC program. The signal cross section is scaled by a mass-dependent NLO K factor [21,22], which ranges from 1.6 to 1.8 as a function of Mand for different values of ~k. TheCTEQ6L1[24] parton distribution functions (PDF) are used in the simulation of both the ADD and RS models, and a 1.5% relative uncer-tainty on the signal acceptance is included by measuring its dependence on the choice of PDF and its uncertainties.
Optimization of the event selection is done separately for both ADD and RS scenarios. The signal in both cases is predominantly at central values of , while the high-M SM background dominates the signal in the forward re-gion; therefore, we restrict ourselves to photons located in the ECAL barrel only. In the ADD scenario, we find that the optimal region for the search, based on the expected signal significance, is M> 900 GeV. This choice of selection depends weakly on the model parameters.
In the search for RS gravitons, a fixed window is se-lected about the M1 mass point of interest. Because the signal shapes deviate from Gaussian distributions, we de-fine an effective measure of the signal width eff as the half-width of the narrowest mass interval containing 68% of the signal from simulation. The value of eff ranges from 6 to 21 GeV for RS gravitons with M1 between 500 and 2000 GeV and ~k ¼ 0:01. The dependence on M1 is linear and also increases with ~k (eff ¼ 42 GeV for M1 ¼ 2 TeV and ~k ¼ 0:10). A window is then formed about the resonance mean of size 5eff in the data. This window contains 96%–97% of the signal acceptance for all mass points considered in this analysis, and the detector resolu-tion is negligible with respect to the window size. This choice of the window maximizes the signal acceptance and analysis sensitivity in the case of small backgrounds.
Backgrounds from the misidentification of a hadronic jet as a photon are small in the signal region but contribute to the low-M region. Two such sources of backgrounds from isolated-photon misidentification are considered: multijet production and prompt single-photon ( þ jet) production. In particular, we measure on a background-dominated sample a misidentification rate, defined as the ratio of the number of isolated photon candidates to non-isolated photonlike objects. These photonlike objects are reconstructed as photons but fail one of the isolation or shower-shape criteria; therefore, the samples correspond-ing to numerator and denominator are mutually exclusive, and prompt photons have a negligibly small contribution to the denominator. The misidentification rate is measured in a photon-triggered sample in bins of photon(like) candi-date ET, but the objects used in the measurement are required to be well separated from the triggered object to avoid a trigger-induced bias.
Because the background-dominated sample in which we measure the misidentification rate may contain some genu-ine, isolated photons that ‘‘contaminate’’ the numerator of the misidentification rate, we correct for this on a bin-by-bin basis. The requirement is released and the nu-merator sample is fit for the fraction of prompt photons using one-dimensional probability density histograms (‘‘templates’’) in . The signal template is constructed from MC simulation, and the background template is con-structed from reconcon-structed photons that fail one or more of the isolation criteria. The measured misidentification rate falls from 7% at ET ¼ 70 GeV to 2% at ET ¼ 120 GeV. We apply a 20% systematic uncertainty to the rate derived from the variation of the misidentification rate measured in a jet-triggered sample.
[GeV] M 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Events/20 GeV -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 Observed Diphoton +jet Dijet Systematic Uncertainty = 1.75 TeV 1 = 0.05, M k = 3 TeV S = 6, M ED n at 7 TeV -1 2.2 fb CMS
FIG. 1 (color online). Observed event yields (points with error bars) and background expectations (filled solid histograms) as a function of the diphoton invariant mass. Photons are required to be isolated, with ET> 70 GeV and jj < 1:44. The shaded band
around the background estimation corresponds to the average systematic uncertainty over the spectrum. The precise per-bin uncertainty is not provided for the sake of clarity. The last bin includes the sum of all contributions for M> 2:0 TeV. The
simulated distributions for two, nonexcluded signal hypotheses are shown for comparison as dotted (ADD) and dashed (RS) lines.
TABLE I. Observed event yields and background expectations for different reconstructed diphoton invariant-mass ranges. Full systematic uncertainties are included.
Diphoton invariant-mass range [TeV]
Process ½0:14; 0:2 ½0:2; 0:5 ½0:5; 0:9 >0:9 Multijet 15 6 17 7 0:2 0:1 0:003 0:001 þ jet 102 15 124 18 2:5 0:4 0:19 0:04 Diphoton 372 70 414 78 16:9 3:2 1:3 0:3 Backgrounds 489 73 555 81 19:6 3:2 1:5 0:3 Observed 484 517 16 2
The multijet and þ jet backgrounds to the recon-structed diphoton spectrum are estimated by using the misidentification rate to extrapolate from two background-dominated reference regions, both selected with the same diphoton trigger as the primary signal sam-ple. One region includes events with only one isolated photon, but one or more nonisolated photons. The other region includes events with no isolated photons, but two or more nonisolated photons. The diphoton trigger is suffi-ciently inclusive that the regions are unaffected by the trigger selection. By applying the prompt-photon misiden-tification rate to these two reference regions, we predict the þ jet and multijet backgrounds in the signal region.
The SM diphoton background dominates the signal re-gion. The expected number of background events due to this process is computed by rescaling the prediction fromPYTHIAwith a NLO K factor that varies with M. The NLO prediction is calculated with the DIPHOX+ GAMMA2MC [25,26] generators, which take into account the fragmentation processes in which the photons can come from the collinear fragmentations of hard partons. A separate analysis by CMS has also demonstrated good agreement with the NLO prediction at low M & 300 GeV [27]. The subleading-order gluon-fusion box diagram is included as a part of the PYTHIA calculation because of its large contribution at the LHC energy, although its effects are small at high M. The K factor varies between 1.7 and 1.1 from low to high M. A systematic uncertainty of 15% on the value of the K factor is determined by examining the PDF uncertainties and variation of the renormalization and factorization scales.
Figure 1 shows the invariant-mass distribution of the selected events, together with the estimated distributions for each of the backgrounds. TableIpresents the observed number of events in the data and the predicted number of background events in different ranges in M and corre-sponds directly to Fig.1. The last column corresponds to the signal region for the ADD search. We find that the observed data are consistent with the background estimate throughout the Mspectrum and do not show an excess of events, neither resonant nor nonresonant.
To set limits on virtual-graviton exchange in the ADD scenario, we compare the number of observed and ex-pected events in the signal region (M> 0:9 TeV) and set 95% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the quan-tity S ðtotal SMÞ B A, where totalrepresents the total diphoton production cross section (including signal, SM, and interference effects), and SMrepresents
] -4 [TeV 3 10 G 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 S [fb] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Theory (K=1.6) 95% C.L upper limit -4 TeV -3 10 9.7 3 fb at 7 TeV -1 2.2 fb CMS ] -4 [TeV 4 s 1/M 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 S [fb] -1 10 1 10 2 10 -4 TeV -3 10 5.5 3 fb at 7 TeV -1 2.2 fb CMS Theory (K=1.6) 95% C.L upper limit
FIG. 2 (color online). Signal cross section S parametrization as a function of the strength of the ED effects G (top) and as a
function of1=M4Sfor the HLZ nED¼ 2 case (bottom).
TABLE II. The 95% C.L. lower limits on MS(in TeV) in the GRW, Hewett, and HLZ conventions for two values of the ADD signal
K factor, 1.0 and 1:6 0:1. All limits are computed with a signal cross section truncated to zero forpffiffiffi^s> MS, wherepffiffiffi^sis the
center-of-mass of the partonic collision. The limits are presented for both positive and negative interference in the Hewett convention and for nED¼ 2–7 in the HLZ convention. The median expected lower limits are given in parentheses.
Hewett HLZ K GRW Positive Negative nED¼ 2 nED¼ 3 nED¼ 4 nED¼ 5 nED¼ 6 nED¼ 7 1.0 2.94 2.63 2.28 3.29 3.50 2.94 2.66 2.47 2.34 (2.99) (2.67) (2.31) (3.37) (3.56) (2.99) (2.71) (2.52) (2.38) 1:6 0:1 3.18 2.84 2.41 3.68 3.79 3.18 2.88 2.68 2.53 (3.24) (2.90) (2.44) (3.77) (3.85) (3.24) (2.93) (2.73) (2.58)
the SM diphoton production cross section. The signal branching fraction to diphotons is indicated byB and the signal acceptance byA. We use the CLstechnique [28,29] to compute the limits with a likelihood constructed from the Poisson probability to observe N events, given S, the signal efficiency ð76:4 9:6Þ%, the expected number of background events (1:5 0:3), and the integrated luminos-ity L ¼ ð2:2 0:1Þ fb1 [16]. The variation of the K factor is included in the statistical analysis as an uncer-tainty on the signal yield.
The observed (median expected) 95% C.L. upper limit on S is 3.0 fb (2.7 fb). For the HLZ nED¼ 2 case, we parametrize S directly as a smooth function of 1=M4S. For all other conventions, S is parametrized as a function of the parameter G, as in Ref. [6]. The observed 95% C.L. limit, together with the signal parametrization, is shown in Fig.2. The intersection of the cross-section limit with the parametrized curve determines the 95% C.L. upper limit on the parameter G. As seen from the plot, these upper limits on S correspond to upper limits of G 0:0097 TeV4 and 1=M4
S 0:0055 TeV4. The upper limits on G are equated to lower limits on MS and are shown in TableII.
For the RS scenario, the same limit-setting calculation is performed, but in a bounded window in M. Figure 3 shows the excluded regions in the M1-~k plane. Also shown are bounds due to precision electroweak measurements and
to naturalness arguments [5]. Table III presents the 95% C.L. lower limits on the graviton mass M1 for different values of ~k. The median expected lower limits coincide within a few GeV of the observed limits.
In summary, we have performed a search for extra spatial dimensions leading to enhanced resonant or nonresonant diphoton production in proton-proton colli-sions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of2:2 fb1 recorded by the CMS experiment, we observe no excess in diphoton production above the rate predicted from SM background sources. Values of the effective Planck scale MS less than 2.3–3.8 TeV are excluded at 95% C.L. for ADD models. We also exclude at 95% C.L. resonant graviton production in the RS1 model with values of M1 less than 0.86–1.84 TeV depending on the normalized coupling strength ~k. We present limits on both the ADD and RS1 models of extra dimensions in the diphoton final state that extend those observed at the D0 experiment [13], as well as those set previously by the CMS [6] and ATLAS [14] experiments.
We thank M. C. Kumar, P. Mathews, V. Ravindran, and A. Tripathi for the calculation of NLO K factors used in this Letter. We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent per-formance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST, MAE, and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.).
FIG. 3 (color online). The 95% C.L. exclusion region for the RS1 graviton model in the M1-~k plane. The expected limits
coincide very closely with the measured limits and so are not shown in the figure. Also shown are bounds due to electroweak constraints and naturalness (> 10 TeV). Perturbativity
re-quirements bound ~k & 0:10.
TABLE III. The 95% C.L. lower limits on M1for given values of the coupling parameter ~k. For ~k < 0:03, masses above the presented
limits are excluded by electroweak and naturalness constraints. The median expected lower limits are numerically the same for the presented precision except for the ~k ¼ 0:01 case, for which the expected lower limit on M1 is 0.84 TeV.
~k 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10
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S. Chatrchyan,1V. Khachatryan,1A. M. Sirunyan,1A. Tumasyan,1W. Adam,2T. Bergauer,2M. Dragicevic,2J. Ero¨,2 C. Fabjan,2M. Friedl,2R. Fru¨hwirth,2V. M. Ghete,2J. Hammer,2,bM. Hoch,2N. Ho¨rmann,2J. Hrubec,2M. Jeitler,2 W. Kiesenhofer,2A. Knapitsch,2M. Krammer,2D. Liko,2I. Mikulec,2M. Pernicka,2,aB. Rahbaran,2H. Rohringer,2 R. Scho¨fbeck,2J. Strauss,2A. Taurok,2F. Teischinger,2C. Trauner,2P. Wagner,2W. Waltenberger,2G. Walzel,2 E. Widl,2C.-E. Wulz,2V. Mossolov,3N. Shumeiko,3J. Suarez Gonzalez,3S. Bansal,4L. Benucci,4E. A. De Wolf,4
X. Janssen,4S. Luyckx,4T. Maes,4L. Mucibello,4S. Ochesanu,4B. Roland,4R. Rougny,4M. Selvaggi,4 H. Van Haevermaet,4P. Van Mechelen,4N. Van Remortel,4A. Van Spilbeeck,4F. Blekman,5S. Blyweert,5
J. D’Hondt,5R. Gonzalez Suarez,5A. Kalogeropoulos,5M. Maes,5A. Olbrechts,5W. Van Doninck,5 P. Van Mulders,5G. P. Van Onsem,5I. Villella,5O. Charaf,6B. Clerbaux,6G. De Lentdecker,6V. Dero,6A. P. R. Gay,6
G. H. Hammad,6T. Hreus,6A. Le´onard,6P. E. Marage,6L. Thomas,6C. Vander Velde,6P. Vanlaer,6J. Wickens,6 V. Adler,7K. Beernaert,7A. Cimmino,7S. Costantini,7M. Grunewald,7B. Klein,7J. Lellouch,7A. Marinov,7 J. Mccartin,7D. Ryckbosch,7N. Strobbe,7F. Thyssen,7M. Tytgat,7L. Vanelderen,7P. Verwilligen,7S. Walsh,7 N. Zaganidis,7S. Basegmez,8G. Bruno,8J. Caudron,8L. Ceard,8J. De Favereau De Jeneret,8C. Delaere,8D. Favart,8
L. Forthomme,8A. Giammanco,8,cG. Gre´goire,8J. Hollar,8V. Lemaitre,8J. Liao,8O. Militaru,8C. Nuttens,8 D. Pagano,8A. Pin,8K. Piotrzkowski,8N. Schul,8N. Beliy,9T. Caebergs,9E. Daubie,9G. A. Alves,10 D. De Jesus Damiao,10M. E. Pol,10M. H. G. Souza,10W. L. Alda´ Ju´nior,11W. Carvalho,11A. Custo´dio,11 E. M. Da Costa,11C. De Oliveira Martins,11S. Fonseca De Souza,11D. Matos Figueiredo,11L. Mundim,11
H. Nogima,11V. Oguri,11W. L. Prado Da Silva,11A. Santoro,11S. M. Silva Do Amaral,11A. Sznajder,11 T. S. Anjos,12,dC. A. Bernardes,12,dF. A. Dias,12,eT. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei,12E. M. Gregores,12,dC. Lagana,12
F. Marinho,12P. G. Mercadante,12,dS. F. Novaes,12Sandra S. Padula,12N. Darmenov,13,bV. Genchev,13,b P. Iaydjiev,13,bS. Piperov,13M. Rodozov,13S. Stoykova,13G. Sultanov,13V. Tcholakov,13R. Trayanov,13 M. Vutova,13A. Dimitrov,14R. Hadjiiska,14A. Karadzhinova,14V. Kozhuharov,14L. Litov,14B. Pavlov,14 P. Petkov,14J. G. Bian,15G. M. Chen,15H. S. Chen,15C. H. Jiang,15D. Liang,15S. Liang,15X. Meng,15J. Tao,15
J. Wang,15J. Wang,15X. Wang,15Z. Wang,15H. Xiao,15M. Xu,15J. Zang,15Z. Zhang,15Y. Ban,16S. Guo,16 Y. Guo,16W. Li,16S. Liu,16Y. Mao,16S. J. Qian,16H. Teng,16S. Wang,16B. Zhu,16W. Zou,16A. Cabrera,17
B. Gomez Moreno,17A. A. Ocampo Rios,17A. F. Osorio Oliveros,17J. C. Sanabria,17N. Godinovic,18D. Lelas,18 R. Plestina,18,fD. Polic,18I. Puljak,18,bZ. Antunovic,19M. Dzelalija,19M. Kovac,19V. Brigljevic,20S. Duric,20
K. Kadija,20J. Luetic,20S. Morovic,20A. Attikis,21M. Galanti,21J. Mousa,21C. Nicolaou,21F. Ptochos,21 P. A. Razis,21M. Finger,22M. Finger, Jr.,22Y. Assran,23,gA. Ellithi Kamel,23,hS. Khalil,23,iM. A. Mahmoud,23,j A. Radi,23,kA. Hektor,24M. Kadastik,24M. Mu¨ntel,24M. Raidal,24L. Rebane,24A. Tiko,24V. Azzolini,25P. Eerola,25
G. Fedi,25M. Voutilainen,25S. Czellar,26J. Ha¨rko¨nen,26A. Heikkinen,26V. Karima¨ki,26R. Kinnunen,26 M. J. Kortelainen,26T. Lampe´n,26K. Lassila-Perini,26S. Lehti,26T. Linde´n,26P. Luukka,26T. Ma¨enpa¨a¨,26 E. Tuominen,26J. Tuominiemi,26E. Tuovinen,26D. Ungaro,26L. Wendland,26K. Banzuzi,27A. Karjalainen,27 A. Korpela,27T. Tuuva,27D. Sillou,28M. Besancon,29S. Choudhury,29M. Dejardin,29D. Denegri,29B. Fabbro,29 J. L. Faure,29F. Ferri,29S. Ganjour,29A. Givernaud,29P. Gras,29G. Hamel de Monchenault,29P. Jarry,29E. Locci,29 J. Malcles,29M. Marionneau,29L. Millischer,29J. Rander,29A. Rosowsky,29I. Shreyber,29M. Titov,29S. Baffioni,30
F. Beaudette,30L. Benhabib,30L. Bianchini,30M. Bluj,30,lC. Broutin,30P. Busson,30C. Charlot,30N. Daci,30 T. Dahms,30L. Dobrzynski,30S. Elgammal,30R. Granier de Cassagnac,30M. Haguenauer,30P. Mine´,30C. Mironov,30
C. Ochando,30P. Paganini,30D. Sabes,30R. Salerno,30Y. Sirois,30C. Thiebaux,30C. Veelken,30A. Zabi,30 J.-L. Agram,31,mJ. Andrea,31D. Bloch,31D. Bodin,31J.-M. Brom,31M. Cardaci,31E. C. Chabert,31C. Collard,31
E. Conte,31,mF. Drouhin,31,mC. Ferro,31J.-C. Fontaine,31,mD. Gele´,31U. Goerlach,31S. Greder,31P. Juillot,31 M. Karim,31,mA.-C. Le Bihan,31P. Van Hove,31F. Fassi,32D. Mercier,32C. Baty,33S. Beauceron,33N. Beaupere,33
M. Bedjidian,33O. Bondu,33G. Boudoul,33D. Boumediene,33H. Brun,33J. Chasserat,33R. Chierici,33,b D. Contardo,33P. Depasse,33H. El Mamouni,33A. Falkiewicz,33J. Fay,33S. Gascon,33M. Gouzevitch,33B. Ille,33
T. Kurca,33T. Le Grand,33M. Lethuillier,33L. Mirabito,33S. Perries,33V. Sordini,33S. Tosi,33Y. Tschudi,33 P. Verdier,33S. Viret,33D. Lomidze,34G. Anagnostou,35S. Beranek,35M. Edelhoff,35L. Feld,35N. Heracleous,35
O. Hindrichs,35R. Jussen,35K. Klein,35J. Merz,35A. Ostapchuk,35A. Perieanu,35F. Raupach,35J. Sammet,35 S. Schael,35D. Sprenger,35H. Weber,35B. Wittmer,35V. Zhukov,35,nM. Ata,36E. Dietz-Laursonn,36M. Erdmann,36
T. Hebbeker,36C. Heidemann,36A. Hinzmann,36K. Hoepfner,36T. Klimkovich,36D. Klingebiel,36P. Kreuzer,36 D. Lanske,36,aJ. Lingemann,36C. Magass,36M. Merschmeyer,36A. Meyer,36P. Papacz,36H. Pieta,36H. Reithler,36
S. A. Schmitz,36L. Sonnenschein,36J. Steggemann,36D. Teyssier,36M. Weber,36M. Bontenackels,37 V. Cherepanov,37M. Davids,37G. Flu¨gge,37H. Geenen,37W. Haj Ahmad,37F. Hoehle,37B. Kargoll,37T. Kress,37
Y. Kuessel,37A. Linn,37A. Nowack,37L. Perchalla,37O. Pooth,37J. Rennefeld,37P. Sauerland,37A. Stahl,37 D. Tornier,37M. H. Zoeller,37M. Aldaya Martin,38W. Behrenhoff,38U. Behrens,38M. Bergholz,38,oA. Bethani,38 K. Borras,38A. Cakir,38A. Campbell,38E. Castro,38D. Dammann,38G. Eckerlin,38D. Eckstein,38A. Flossdorf,38
G. Flucke,38A. Geiser,38J. Hauk,38H. Jung,38,bM. Kasemann,38P. Katsas,38C. Kleinwort,38H. Kluge,38 A. Knutsson,38M. Kra¨mer,38D. Kru¨cker,38E. Kuznetsova,38W. Lange,38W. Lohmann,38,oB. Lutz,38R. Mankel,38
I. Marfin,38M. Marienfeld,38I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann,38A. B. Meyer,38J. Mnich,38A. Mussgiller,38 S. Naumann-Emme,38J. Olzem,38A. Petrukhin,38D. Pitzl,38A. Raspereza,38M. Rosin,38J. Salfeld-Nebgen,38 R. Schmidt,38,oT. Schoerner-Sadenius,38N. Sen,38A. Spiridonov,38M. Stein,38J. Tomaszewska,38R. Walsh,38 C. Wissing,38C. Autermann,39V. Blobel,39S. Bobrovskyi,39J. Draeger,39H. Enderle,39U. Gebbert,39M. Go¨rner,39 T. Hermanns,39K. Kaschube,39G. Kaussen,39H. Kirschenmann,39R. Klanner,39J. Lange,39B. Mura,39F. Nowak,39 N. Pietsch,39C. Sander,39H. Schettler,39P. Schleper,39E. Schlieckau,39M. Schro¨der,39T. Schum,39H. Stadie,39 G. Steinbru¨ck,39J. Thomsen,39C. Barth,40J. Berger,40T. Chwalek,40W. De Boer,40A. Dierlamm,40G. Dirkes,40
M. Feindt,40J. Gruschke,40M. Guthoff,40,bC. Hackstein,40F. Hartmann,40M. Heinrich,40H. Held,40 K. H. Hoffmann,40S. Honc,40I. Katkov,40,nJ. R. Komaragiri,40T. Kuhr,40D. Martschei,40S. Mueller,40Th. Mu¨ller,40 M. Niegel,40O. Oberst,40A. Oehler,40J. Ott,40T. Peiffer,40G. Quast,40K. Rabbertz,40F. Ratnikov,40N. Ratnikova,40
M. Renz,40S. Ro¨cker,40C. Saout,40A. Scheurer,40P. Schieferdecker,40F.-P. Schilling,40M. Schmanau,40 G. Schott,40H. J. Simonis,40F. M. Stober,40D. Troendle,40J. Wagner-Kuhr,40T. Weiler,40M. Zeise,40 E. B. Ziebarth,40G. Daskalakis,41T. Geralis,41S. Kesisoglou,41A. Kyriakis,41D. Loukas,41I. Manolakos,41 A. Markou,41C. Markou,41C. Mavrommatis,41E. Ntomari,41E. Petrakou,41L. Gouskos,42T. J. Mertzimekis,42
A. Panagiotou,42N. Saoulidou,42E. Stiliaris,42I. Evangelou,43C. Foudas,43,bP. Kokkas,43N. Manthos,43 I. Papadopoulos,43V. Patras,43F. A. Triantis,43A. Aranyi,44G. Bencze,44L. Boldizsar,44C. Hajdu,44,bP. Hidas,44 D. Horvath,44,pA. Kapusi,44K. Krajczar,44,qF. Sikler,44,bG. I. Veres,44,qG. Vesztergombi,44,qN. Beni,45J. Molnar,45 J. Palinkas,45Z. Szillasi,45V. Veszpremi,45J. Karancsi,46P. Raics,46Z. L. Trocsanyi,46B. Ujvari,46S. B. Beri,47
L. K. Saini,47A. Sharma,47A. P. Singh,47J. Singh,47S. P. Singh,47S. Ahuja,48B. C. Choudhary,48A. Kumar,48 A. Kumar,48S. Malhotra,48M. Naimuddin,48K. Ranjan,48R. K. Shivpuri,48S. Banerjee,49S. Bhattacharya,49 S. Dutta,49B. Gomber,49S. Jain,49S. Jain,49R. Khurana,49S. Sarkar,49R. K. Choudhury,50D. Dutta,50S. Kailas,50
V. Kumar,50A. K. Mohanty,50,bL. M. Pant,50P. Shukla,50T. Aziz,51M. Guchait,51,rA. Gurtu,51,sM. Maity,51,s D. Majumder,51G. Majumder,51K. Mazumdar,51G. B. Mohanty,51B. Parida,51A. Saha,51K. Sudhakar,51 N. Wickramage,51S. Banerjee,52S. Dugad,52N. K. Mondal,52H. Arfaei,53H. Bakhshiansohi,53,tS. M. Etesami,53,u
A. Fahim,53,tM. Hashemi,53H. Hesari,53A. Jafari,53,tM. Khakzad,53A. Mohammadi,53,v
M. Mohammadi Najafabadi,53S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi,53B. Safarzadeh,53,wM. Zeinali,53,uM. Abbrescia,54a,54b L. Barbone,54a,54bC. Calabria,54a,54bA. Colaleo,54aD. Creanza,54a,54cN. De Filippis,54a,54c,bM. De Palma,54a,54b L. Fiore,54aG. Iaselli,54a,54cL. Lusito,54a,54bG. Maggi,54a,54cM. Maggi,54aN. Manna,54a,54bB. Marangelli,54a,54b
S. My,54a,54cS. Nuzzo,54a,54bN. Pacifico,54a,54bA. Pompili,54a,54bG. Pugliese,54a,54cF. Romano,54a,54c G. Selvaggi,54a,54bL. Silvestris,54aS. Tupputi,54a,54bG. Zito,54aG. Abbiendi,55aA. C. Benvenuti,55aD. Bonacorsi,55a
S. Braibant-Giacomelli,55a,55bL. Brigliadori,55aP. Capiluppi,55a,55bA. Castro,55a,55bF. R. Cavallo,55a M. Cuffiani,55a,55bG. M. Dallavalle,55aF. Fabbri,55aA. Fanfani,55a,55bD. Fasanella,55a,bP. Giacomelli,55a C. Grandi,55aS. Marcellini,55aG. Masetti,55aM. Meneghelli,55a,55bA. Montanari,55aF. L. Navarria,55a,55b
F. Odorici,55aA. Perrotta,55aF. Primavera,55aA. M. Rossi,55a,55bT. Rovelli,55a,55bG. Siroli,55a,55b R. Travaglini,55a,55bS. Albergo,56a,56bG. Cappello,56a,56bM. Chiorboli,56a,56bS. Costa,56a,56bR. Potenza,56a,56b
A. Tricomi,56a,56bC. Tuve,56a,56bG. Barbagli,57aV. Ciulli,57a,57bC. Civinini,57aR. D’Alessandro,57a,57b E. Focardi,57a,57bS. Frosali,57a,57bE. Gallo,57aS. Gonzi,57a,57bM. Meschini,57aS. Paoletti,57aG. Sguazzoni,57a
A. Tropiano,57a,bL. Benussi,58S. Bianco,58S. Colafranceschi,58,xF. Fabbri,58D. Piccolo,58P. Fabbricatore,59 R. Musenich,59A. Benaglia,60a,60b,bF. De Guio,60a,60bL. Di Matteo,60a,60bS. Gennai,60a,bA. Ghezzi,60a,60b
S. Malvezzi,60aA. Martelli,60a,60bA. Massironi,60a,60b,bD. Menasce,60aL. Moroni,60aM. Paganoni,60a,60b D. Pedrini,60aS. Ragazzi,60a,60bN. Redaelli,60aS. Sala,60aT. Tabarelli de Fatis,60a,60bS. Buontempo,61a
C. A. Carrillo Montoya,61a,bN. Cavallo,61a,yA. De Cosa,61a,61bO. Dogangun,61a,61bF. Fabozzi,61a,y A. O. M. Iorio,61a,bL. Lista,61aM. Merola,61a,61bP. Paolucci,61aP. Azzi,62aN. Bacchetta,62a,bP. Bellan,62a,62b
D. Bisello,62a,62bA. Branca,62aR. Carlin,62a,62bP. Checchia,62aT. Dorigo,62aU. Dosselli,62aF. Fanzago,62a F. Gasparini,62a,62bU. Gasparini,62a,62bA. Gozzelino,62aS. Lacaprara,62a,zI. Lazzizzera,62a,62cM. Margoni,62a,62b M. Mazzucato,62aA. T. Meneguzzo,62a,62bM. Nespolo,62a,bL. Perrozzi,62aN. Pozzobon,62a,62bP. Ronchese,62a,62b F. Simonetto,62a,62bE. Torassa,62aM. Tosi,62a,62b,bS. Vanini,62a,62bP. Zotto,62a,62bG. Zumerle,62a,62bP. Baesso,63a,63b U. Berzano,63aS. P. Ratti,63a,63bC. Riccardi,63a,63bP. Torre,63a,63bP. Vitulo,63a,63bC. Viviani,63a,63bM. Biasini,64a,64b
G. M. Bilei,64aB. Caponeri,64a,64bL. Fano`,64a,64bP. Lariccia,64a,64bA. Lucaroni,64a,64b,bG. Mantovani,64a,64b M. Menichelli,64aA. Nappi,64a,64bF. Romeo,64a,64bA. Santocchia,64a,64bS. Taroni,64a,64b,bM. Valdata,64a,64b
P. Azzurri,65a,65cG. Bagliesi,65aT. Boccali,65aG. Broccolo,65a,65cR. Castaldi,65aR. T. D’Agnolo,65a,65c R. Dell’Orso,65aF. Fiori,65a,65bL. Foa`,65a,65cA. Giassi,65aA. Kraan,65aF. Ligabue,65a,65cT. Lomtadze,65a L. Martini,65a,aaA. Messineo,65a,65bF. Palla,65aF. Palmonari,65aA. Rizzi,65aG. Segneri,65aA. T. Serban,65a P. Spagnolo,65aR. Tenchini,65aG. Tonelli,65a,65b,bA. Venturi,65a,bP. G. Verdini,65aL. Barone,66a,66bF. Cavallari,66a D. Del Re,66a,66b,bM. Diemoz,66aD. Franci,66a,66bM. Grassi,66a,bE. Longo,66a,66bP. Meridiani,66aS. Nourbakhsh,66a
G. Organtini,66a,66bF. Pandolfi,66a,66bR. Paramatti,66aS. Rahatlou,66a,66bM. Sigamani,66aN. Amapane,67a,67b R. Arcidiacono,67a,67cS. Argiro,67a,67bM. Arneodo,67a,67cC. Biino,67aC. Botta,67a,67bN. Cartiglia,67a
R. Castello,67a,67bM. Costa,67a,67bN. Demaria,67aA. Graziano,67a,67bC. Mariotti,67a,bS. Maselli,67a E. Migliore,67a,67bV. Monaco,67a,67bM. Musich,67aM. M. Obertino,67a,67cN. Pastrone,67aM. Pelliccioni,67a A. Potenza,67a,67bA. Romero,67a,67bM. Ruspa,67a,67cR. Sacchi,67a,67bV. Sola,67a,67bA. Solano,67a,67bA. Staiano,67a
A. Vilela Pereira,67aS. Belforte,68aF. Cossutti,68aG. Della Ricca,68a,68bB. Gobbo,68aM. Marone,68a,68b D. Montanino,68a,68b,bA. Penzo,68aS. G. Heo,69S. K. Nam,69S. Chang,70J. Chung,70D. H. Kim,70G. N. Kim,70
J. E. Kim,70D. J. Kong,70H. Park,70S. R. Ro,70D. C. Son,70T. Son,70J. Y. Kim,71Zero J. Kim,71S. Song,71 H. Y. Jo,72S. Choi,73D. Gyun,73B. Hong,73M. Jo,73H. Kim,73T. J. Kim,73K. S. Lee,73D. H. Moon,73S. K. Park,73
E. Seo,73K. S. Sim,73M. Choi,74S. Kang,74H. Kim,74J. H. Kim,74C. Park,74I. C. Park,74S. Park,74G. Ryu,74 Y. Cho,75Y. Choi,75Y. K. Choi,75J. Goh,75M. S. Kim,75B. Lee,75J. Lee,75S. Lee,75H. Seo,75I. Yu,75 M. J. Bilinskas,76I. Grigelionis,76M. Janulis,76D. Martisiute,76P. Petrov,76M. Polujanskas,76T. Sabonis,76 H. Castilla-Valdez,77E. De La Cruz-Burelo,77I. Heredia-de La Cruz,77R. Lopez-Fernandez,77R. Magan˜a Villalba,77
F. Vazquez Valencia,78H. A. Salazar Ibarguen,79E. Casimiro Linares,80A. Morelos Pineda,80M. A. Reyes-Santos,80 D. Krofcheck,81A. J. Bell,82P. H. Butler,82R. Doesburg,82S. Reucroft,82H. Silverwood,82M. Ahmad,83 M. I. Asghar,83H. R. Hoorani,83S. Khalid,83W. A. Khan,83T. Khurshid,83S. Qazi,83M. A. Shah,83M. Shoaib,83
G. Brona,84M. Cwiok,84W. Dominik,84K. Doroba,84A. Kalinowski,84M. Konecki,84J. Krolikowski,84 H. Bialkowska,85B. Boimska,85T. Frueboes,85R. Gokieli,85M. Go´rski,85M. Kazana,85K. Nawrocki,85 K. Romanowska-Rybinska,85M. Szleper,85G. Wrochna,85P. Zalewski,85N. Almeida,86P. Bargassa,86A. David,86
P. Faccioli,86P. G. Ferreira Parracho,86M. Gallinaro,86P. Musella,86A. Nayak,86J. Pela,86,bP. Q. Ribeiro,86 J. Seixas,86J. Varela,86S. Afanasiev,87I. Belotelov,87P. Bunin,87M. Gavrilenko,87I. Golutvin,87I. Gorbunov,87 A. Kamenev,87V. Karjavin,87G. Kozlov,87A. Lanev,87P. Moisenz,87V. Palichik,87V. Perelygin,87S. Shmatov,87 V. Smirnov,87A. Volodko,87A. Zarubin,87S. Evstyukhin,88V. Golovtsov,88Y. Ivanov,88V. Kim,88P. Levchenko,88 V. Murzin,88V. Oreshkin,88I. Smirnov,88V. Sulimov,88L. Uvarov,88S. Vavilov,88A. Vorobyev,88An. Vorobyev,88
Yu. Andreev,89A. Dermenev,89S. Gninenko,89N. Golubev,89M. Kirsanov,89N. Krasnikov,89V. Matveev,89 A. Pashenkov,89A. Toropin,89S. Troitsky,89V. Epshteyn,90M. Erofeeva,90V. Gavrilov,90M. Kossov,90,b A. Krokhotin,90N. Lychkovskaya,90V. Popov,90G. Safronov,90S. Semenov,90V. Stolin,90E. Vlasov,90A. Zhokin,90
A. Belyaev,91E. Boos,91M. Dubinin,91,eL. Dudko,91A. Ershov,91A. Gribushin,91O. Kodolova,91I. Lokhtin,91 A. Markina,91S. Obraztsov,91M. Perfilov,91S. Petrushanko,91L. Sarycheva,91V. Savrin,91A. Snigirev,91 V. Andreev,92M. Azarkin,92I. Dremin,92M. Kirakosyan,92A. Leonidov,92G. Mesyats,92S. V. Rusakov,92 A. Vinogradov,92I. Azhgirey,93I. Bayshev,93S. Bitioukov,93V. Grishin,93,bV. Kachanov,93D. Konstantinov,93 A. Korablev,93V. Krychkine,93V. Petrov,93R. Ryutin,93A. Sobol,93L. Tourtchanovitch,93S. Troshin,93N. Tyurin,93
A. Uzunian,93A. Volkov,93P. Adzic,94,bbM. Djordjevic,94M. Ekmedzic,94D. Krpic,94,bbJ. Milosevic,94 M. Aguilar-Benitez,95J. Alcaraz Maestre,95P. Arce,95C. Battilana,95E. Calvo,95M. Cerrada,95
M. Chamizo Llatas,95N. Colino,95B. De La Cruz,95A. Delgado Peris,95C. Diez Pardos,95D. Domı´nguez Va´zquez,95 C. Fernandez Bedoya,95J. P. Ferna´ndez Ramos,95A. Ferrando,95J. Flix,95M. C. Fouz,95P. Garcia-Abia,95
O. Gonzalez Lopez,95S. Goy Lopez,95J. M. Hernandez,95M. I. Josa,95G. Merino,95J. Puerta Pelayo,95 I. Redondo,95L. Romero,95J. Santaolalla,95M. S. Soares,95C. Willmott,95C. Albajar,96G. Codispoti,96
J. F. de Troco´niz,96J. Cuevas,97J. Fernandez Menendez,97S. Folgueras,97I. Gonzalez Caballero,97 L. Lloret Iglesias,97J. M. Vizan Garcia,97J. A. Brochero Cifuentes,98I. J. Cabrillo,98A. Calderon,98S. H. Chuang,98
J. Duarte Campderros,98M. Felcini,98,ccM. Fernandez,98G. Gomez,98J. Gonzalez Sanchez,98C. Jorda,98 P. Lobelle Pardo,98A. Lopez Virto,98J. Marco,98R. Marco,98C. Martinez Rivero,98F. Matorras,98 F. J. Munoz Sanchez,98J. Piedra Gomez,98,ddT. Rodrigo,98A. Y. Rodrı´guez-Marrero,98A. Ruiz-Jimeno,98 L. Scodellaro,98M. Sobron Sanudo,98I. Vila,98R. Vilar Cortabitarte,98D. Abbaneo,99E. Auffray,99G. Auzinger,99
P. Baillon,99A. H. Ball,99D. Barney,99C. Bernet,99,fW. Bialas,99P. Bloch,99A. Bocci,99H. Breuker,99 K. Bunkowski,99T. Camporesi,99G. Cerminara,99T. Christiansen,99J. A. Coarasa Perez,99B. Cure´,99 D. D’Enterria,99A. De Roeck,99S. Di Guida,99M. Dobson,99N. Dupont-Sagorin,99A. Elliott-Peisert,99B. Frisch,99 W. Funk,99A. Gaddi,99G. Georgiou,99H. Gerwig,99M. Giffels,99D. Gigi,99K. Gill,99D. Giordano,99M. Giunta,99
F. Glege,99R. Gomez-Reino Garrido,99P. Govoni,99S. Gowdy,99R. Guida,99L. Guiducci,99S. Gundacker,99 M. Hansen,99C. Hartl,99J. Harvey,99J. Hegeman,99B. Hegner,99H. F. Hoffmann,99V. Innocente,99P. Janot,99
K. Kaadze,99E. Karavakis,99P. Lecoq,99P. Lenzi,99C. Lourenc¸o,99T. Ma¨ki,99M. Malberti,99L. Malgeri,99 M. Mannelli,99L. Masetti,99G. Mavromanolakis,99F. Meijers,99S. Mersi,99E. Meschi,99R. Moser,99 M. U. Mozer,99M. Mulders,99E. Nesvold,99M. Nguyen,99T. Orimoto,99L. Orsini,99E. Palencia Cortezon,99
E. Perez,99A. Petrilli,99A. Pfeiffer,99M. Pierini,99M. Pimia¨,99D. Piparo,99G. Polese,99L. Quertenmont,99 A. Racz,99W. Reece,99J. Rodrigues Antunes,99G. Rolandi,99,eeT. Rommerskirchen,99C. Rovelli,99,ffM. Rovere,99
H. Sakulin,99F. Santanastasio,99C. Scha¨fer,99C. Schwick,99I. Segoni,99A. Sharma,99P. Siegrist,99P. Silva,99 M. Simon,99P. Sphicas,99,ggD. Spiga,99M. Spiropulu,99,eM. Stoye,99A. Tsirou,99P. Vichoudis,99H. K. Wo¨hri,99 S. D. Worm,99,hhW. D. Zeuner,99W. Bertl,100K. Deiters,100W. Erdmann,100K. Gabathuler,100R. Horisberger,100
Q. Ingram,100H. C. Kaestli,100S. Ko¨nig,100D. Kotlinski,100U. Langenegger,100F. Meier,100D. Renker,100 T. Rohe,100J. Sibille,100,iiL. Ba¨ni,101P. Bortignon,101B. Casal,101N. Chanon,101Z. Chen,101S. Cittolin,101 A. Deisher,101G. Dissertori,101M. Dittmar,101J. Eugster,101K. Freudenreich,101C. Grab,101P. Lecomte,101 W. Lustermann,101P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol,101P. Milenovic,101,jjN. Mohr,101F. Moortgat,101C. Na¨geli,101,kk
P. Nef,101F. Nessi-Tedaldi,101L. Pape,101F. Pauss,101M. Peruzzi,101F. J. Ronga,101M. Rossini,101L. Sala,101 A. K. Sanchez,101M.-C. Sawley,101A. Starodumov,101,llB. Stieger,101M. Takahashi,101L. Tauscher,101,aA. Thea,101
K. Theofilatos,101D. Treille,101C. Urscheler,101R. Wallny,101H. A. Weber,101L. Wehrli,101J. Weng,101 E. Aguilo,102C. Amsler,102V. Chiochia,102S. De Visscher,102C. Favaro,102M. Ivova Rikova,102B. Millan Mejias,102
P. Otiougova,102P. Robmann,102A. Schmidt,102H. Snoek,102M. Verzetti,102Y. H. Chang,103K. H. Chen,103 C. M. Kuo,103S. W. Li,103W. Lin,103Z. K. Liu,103Y. J. Lu,103D. Mekterovic,103R. Volpe,103S. S. Yu,103 P. Bartalini,104P. Chang,104Y. H. Chang,104Y. W. Chang,104Y. Chao,104K. F. Chen,104C. Dietz,104U. Grundler,104
W.-S. Hou,104Y. Hsiung,104K. Y. Kao,104Y. J. Lei,104R.-S. Lu,104J. G. Shiu,104Y. M. Tzeng,104X. Wan,104 M. Wang,104A. Adiguzel,105M. N. Bakirci,105,mmS. Cerci,105,nnC. Dozen,105I. Dumanoglu,105E. Eskut,105 S. Girgis,105G. Gokbulut,105I. Hos,105E. E. Kangal,105G. Karapinar,105A. Kayis Topaksu,105G. Onengut,105 K. Ozdemir,105S. Ozturk,105,ooA. Polatoz,105K. Sogut,105,ppD. Sunar Cerci,105,nnB. Tali,105,nnH. Topakli,105,mm
D. Uzun,105L. N. Vergili,105M. Vergili,105I. V. Akin,106T. Aliev,106B. Bilin,106S. Bilmis,106M. Deniz,106 H. Gamsizkan,106A. M. Guler,106K. Ocalan,106A. Ozpineci,106M. Serin,106R. Sever,106U. E. Surat,106 M. Yalvac,106E. Yildirim,106M. Zeyrek,106M. Deliomeroglu,107E. Gu¨lmez,107B. Isildak,107M. Kaya,107,qq O. Kaya,107,qqM. O¨ zbek,107S. Ozkorucuklu,107,rrN. Sonmez,107,ssL. Levchuk,108F. Bostock,109J. J. Brooke,109
E. Clement,109D. Cussans,109R. Frazier,109J. Goldstein,109M. Grimes,109G. P. Heath,109H. F. Heath,109 L. Kreczko,109S. Metson,109D. M. Newbold,109,hhK. Nirunpong,109A. Poll,109S. Senkin,109V. J. Smith,109
T. Williams,109L. Basso,110,ttK. W. Bell,110A. Belyaev,110,ttC. Brew,110R. M. Brown,110B. Camanzi,110 D. J. A. Cockerill,110J. A. Coughlan,110K. Harder,110S. Harper,110J. Jackson,110B. W. Kennedy,110E. Olaiya,110
D. Petyt,110B. C. Radburn-Smith,110C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous,110I. R. Tomalin,110W. J. Womersley,110 R. Bainbridge,111G. Ball,111R. Beuselinck,111O. Buchmuller,111D. Colling,111N. Cripps,111M. Cutajar,111
P. Dauncey,111G. Davies,111M. Della Negra,111W. Ferguson,111J. Fulcher,111D. Futyan,111A. Gilbert,111 A. Guneratne Bryer,111G. Hall,111Z. Hatherell,111J. Hays,111G. Iles,111M. Jarvis,111G. Karapostoli,111 L. Lyons,111A.-M. Magnan,111J. Marrouche,111B. Mathias,111R. Nandi,111J. Nash,111A. Nikitenko,111,ll
A. Papageorgiou,111M. Pesaresi,111K. Petridis,111M. Pioppi,111,uuD. M. Raymond,111S. Rogerson,111 N. Rompotis,111A. Rose,111M. J. Ryan,111C. Seez,111P. Sharp,111A. Sparrow,111A. Tapper,111S. Tourneur,111 M. Vazquez Acosta,111T. Virdee,111S. Wakefield,111N. Wardle,111D. Wardrope,111T. Whyntie,111M. Barrett,112 M. Chadwick,112J. E. Cole,112P. R. Hobson,112A. Khan,112P. Kyberd,112D. Leslie,112W. Martin,112I. D. Reid,112 L. Teodorescu,112M. Turner,112K. Hatakeyama,113H. Liu,113T. Scarborough,113C. Henderson,114A. Avetisyan,115 T. Bose,115E. Carrera Jarrin,115C. Fantasia,115A. Heister,115J. St. John,115P. Lawson,115D. Lazic,115J. Rohlf,115
D. Sperka,115L. Sulak,115S. Bhattacharya,116D. Cutts,116A. Ferapontov,116U. Heintz,116S. Jabeen,116 G. Kukartsev,116G. Landsberg,116M. Luk,116M. Narain,116D. Nguyen,116M. Segala,116T. Sinthuprasith,116 T. Speer,116K. V. Tsang,116R. Breedon,117G. Breto,117M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez,117S. Chauhan,117
M. Chertok,117J. Conway,117R. Conway,117P. T. Cox,117J. Dolen,117R. Erbacher,117R. Houtz,117W. Ko,117 A. Kopecky,117R. Lander,117O. Mall,117T. Miceli,117D. Pellett,117J. Robles,117B. Rutherford,117M. Searle,117
J. Smith,117M. Squires,117M. Tripathi,117R. Vasquez Sierra,117V. Andreev,118K. Arisaka,118D. Cline,118 R. Cousins,118J. Duris,118S. Erhan,118P. Everaerts,118C. Farrell,118J. Hauser,118M. Ignatenko,118C. Jarvis,118
C. Plager,118G. Rakness,118P. Schlein,118,aJ. Tucker,118V. Valuev,118M. Weber,118J. Babb,119R. Clare,119 J. Ellison,119J. W. Gary,119F. Giordano,119G. Hanson,119G. Y. Jeng,119S. C. Kao,119H. Liu,119O. R. Long,119 A. Luthra,119H. Nguyen,119S. Paramesvaran,119J. Sturdy,119S. Sumowidagdo,119R. Wilken,119S. Wimpenny,119
W. Andrews,120J. G. Branson,120G. B. Cerati,120D. Evans,120F. Golf,120A. Holzner,120R. Kelley,120 M. Lebourgeois,120J. Letts,120I. Macneill,120B. Mangano,120S. Padhi,120C. Palmer,120G. Petrucciani,120H. Pi,120 M. Pieri,120R. Ranieri,120M. Sani,120I. Sfiligoi,120V. Sharma,120S. Simon,120E. Sudano,120M. Tadel,120Y. Tu,120
A. Vartak,120S. Wasserbaech,120,vvF. Wu¨rthwein,120A. Yagil,120J. Yoo,120D. Barge,121R. Bellan,121 C. Campagnari,121M. D’Alfonso,121T. Danielson,121K. Flowers,121P. Geffert,121C. George,121J. Incandela,121
C. Justus,121P. Kalavase,121S. A. Koay,121D. Kovalskyi,121,bV. Krutelyov,121S. Lowette,121N. Mccoll,121 S. D. Mullin,121V. Pavlunin,121F. Rebassoo,121J. Ribnik,121J. Richman,121R. Rossin,121D. Stuart,121W. To,121 J. R. Vlimant,121C. West,121A. Apresyan,122A. Bornheim,122J. Bunn,122Y. Chen,122E. Di Marco,122J. Duarte,122 M. Gataullin,122Y. Ma,122A. Mott,122H. B. Newman,122C. Rogan,122V. Timciuc,122P. Traczyk,122J. Veverka,122 R. Wilkinson,122Y. Yang,122R. Y. Zhu,122B. Akgun,123R. Carroll,123T. Ferguson,123Y. Iiyama,123D. W. Jang,123 S. Y. Jun,123Y. F. Liu,123M. Paulini,123J. Russ,123H. Vogel,123I. Vorobiev,123J. P. Cumalat,124M. E. Dinardo,124 B. R. Drell,124C. J. Edelmaier,124W. T. Ford,124A. Gaz,124B. Heyburn,124E. Luiggi Lopez,124U. Nauenberg,124 J. G. Smith,124K. Stenson,124K. A. Ulmer,124S. R. Wagner,124S. L. Zang,124L. Agostino,125J. Alexander,125
A. Chatterjee,125N. Eggert,125L. K. Gibbons,125B. Heltsley,125W. Hopkins,125A. Khukhunaishvili,125B. Kreis,125 G. Nicolas Kaufman,125J. R. Patterson,125D. Puigh,125A. Ryd,125E. Salvati,125X. Shi,125W. Sun,125W. D. Teo,125 J. Thom,125J. Thompson,125J. Vaughan,125Y. Weng,125L. Winstrom,125P. Wittich,125A. Biselli,126G. Cirino,126
D. Winn,126S. Abdullin,127M. Albrow,127J. Anderson,127G. Apollinari,127M. Atac,127J. A. Bakken,127 L. A. T. Bauerdick,127A. Beretvas,127J. Berryhill,127P. C. Bhat,127I. Bloch,127K. Burkett,127J. N. Butler,127 V. Chetluru,127H. W. K. Cheung,127F. Chlebana,127S. Cihangir,127W. Cooper,127D. P. Eartly,127V. D. Elvira,127
S. Esen,127I. Fisk,127J. Freeman,127Y. Gao,127E. Gottschalk,127D. Green,127O. Gutsche,127J. Hanlon,127 R. M. Harris,127J. Hirschauer,127B. Hooberman,127H. Jensen,127S. Jindariani,127M. Johnson,127U. Joshi,127
B. Klima,127K. Kousouris,127S. Kunori,127S. Kwan,127C. Leonidopoulos,127D. Lincoln,127R. Lipton,127 J. Lykken,127K. Maeshima,127J. M. Marraffino,127S. Maruyama,127D. Mason,127P. McBride,127T. Miao,127 K. Mishra,127S. Mrenna,127Y. Musienko,127,wwC. Newman-Holmes,127V. O’Dell,127J. Pivarski,127R. Pordes,127
O. Prokofyev,127T. Schwarz,127E. Sexton-Kennedy,127S. Sharma,127W. J. Spalding,127L. Spiegel,127P. Tan,127 L. Taylor,127S. Tkaczyk,127L. Uplegger,127E. W. Vaandering,127R. Vidal,127J. Whitmore,127W. Wu,127F. Yang,127 F. Yumiceva,127J. C. Yun,127D. Acosta,128P. Avery,128D. Bourilkov,128M. Chen,128S. Das,128M. De Gruttola,128
G. P. Di Giovanni,128D. Dobur,128A. Drozdetskiy,128R. D. Field,128M. Fisher,128Y. Fu,128I. K. Furic,128 J. Gartner,128S. Goldberg,128J. Hugon,128B. Kim,128J. Konigsberg,128A. Korytov,128A. Kropivnitskaya,128
T. Kypreos,128J. F. Low,128K. Matchev,128G. Mitselmakher,128L. Muniz,128M. Park,128R. Remington,128 A. Rinkevicius,128M. Schmitt,128B. Scurlock,128P. Sellers,128N. Skhirtladze,128M. Snowball,128D. Wang,128
J. Yelton,128M. Zakaria,128V. Gaultney,129L. M. Lebolo,129S. Linn,129P. Markowitz,129G. Martinez,129 J. L. Rodriguez,129T. Adams,130A. Askew,130J. Bochenek,130J. Chen,130B. Diamond,130S. V. Gleyzer,130
J. Haas,130S. Hagopian,130V. Hagopian,130M. Jenkins,130K. F. Johnson,130H. Prosper,130S. Sekmen,130 V. Veeraraghavan,130M. M. Baarmand,131B. Dorney,131M. Hohlmann,131H. Kalakhety,131I. Vodopiyanov,131
M. R. Adams,132I. M. Anghel,132L. Apanasevich,132Y. Bai,132V. E. Bazterra,132R. R. Betts,132J. Callner,132 R. Cavanaugh,132C. Dragoiu,132L. Gauthier,132C. E. Gerber,132D. J. Hofman,132S. Khalatyan,132G. J. Kunde,132,xx F. Lacroix,132M. Malek,132C. O’Brien,132C. Silkworth,132C. Silvestre,132D. Strom,132N. Varelas,132U. Akgun,133
E. A. Albayrak,133B. Bilki,133W. Clarida,133F. Duru,133S. Griffiths,133C. K. Lae,133E. McCliment,133 J.-P. Merlo,133H. Mermerkaya,133,yyA. Mestvirishvili,133A. Moeller,133J. Nachtman,133C. R. Newsom,133 E. Norbeck,133J. Olson,133Y. Onel,133F. Ozok,133S. Sen,133E. Tiras,133J. Wetzel,133T. Yetkin,133K. Yi,133 B. A. Barnett,134B. Blumenfeld,134S. Bolognesi,134A. Bonato,134C. Eskew,134D. Fehling,134G. Giurgiu,134
A. V. Gritsan,134Z. J. Guo,134G. Hu,134P. Maksimovic,134S. Rappoccio,134M. Swartz,134N. V. Tran,134 A. Whitbeck,134P. Baringer,135A. Bean,135G. Benelli,135O. Grachov,135R. P. Kenny Iii,135M. Murray,135 D. Noonan,135S. Sanders,135R. Stringer,135G. Tinti,135J. S. Wood,135V. Zhukova,135A. F. Barfuss,136T. Bolton,136
I. Chakaberia,136A. Ivanov,136S. Khalil,136M. Makouski,136Y. Maravin,136S. Shrestha,136I. Svintradze,136 J. Gronberg,137D. Lange,137D. Wright,137A. Baden,138M. Boutemeur,138B. Calvert,138S. C. Eno,138 J. A. Gomez,138N. J. Hadley,138R. G. Kellogg,138M. Kirn,138Y. Lu,138A. C. Mignerey,138A. Peterman,138 K. Rossato,138P. Rumerio,138A. Skuja,138J. Temple,138M. B. Tonjes,138S. C. Tonwar,138E. Twedt,138B. Alver,139 G. Bauer,139J. Bendavid,139W. Busza,139E. Butz,139I. A. Cali,139M. Chan,139V. Dutta,139G. Gomez Ceballos,139
M. Goncharov,139K. A. Hahn,139P. Harris,139Y. Kim,139M. Klute,139Y.-J. Lee,139W. Li,139P. D. Luckey,139 T. Ma,139S. Nahn,139C. Paus,139D. Ralph,139C. Roland,139G. Roland,139M. Rudolph,139G. S. F. Stephans,139 F. Sto¨ckli,139K. Sumorok,139K. Sung,139D. Velicanu,139E. A. Wenger,139R. Wolf,139B. Wyslouch,139S. Xie,139
M. Yang,139Y. Yilmaz,139A. S. Yoon,139M. Zanetti,139S. I. Cooper,140P. Cushman,140B. Dahmes,140 A. De Benedetti,140G. Franzoni,140A. Gude,140J. Haupt,140K. Klapoetke,140Y. Kubota,140J. Mans,140 N. Pastika,140V. Rekovic,140R. Rusack,140M. Sasseville,140A. Singovsky,140N. Tambe,140J. Turkewitz,140 L. M. Cremaldi,141R. Godang,141R. Kroeger,141L. Perera,141R. Rahmat,141D. A. Sanders,141D. Summers,141
E. Avdeeva,142K. Bloom,142S. Bose,142J. Butt,142D. R. Claes,142A. Dominguez,142M. Eads,142P. Jindal,142 J. Keller,142I. Kravchenko,142J. Lazo-Flores,142H. Malbouisson,142S. Malik,142G. R. Snow,142U. Baur,143 A. Godshalk,143I. Iashvili,143S. Jain,143A. Kharchilava,143A. Kumar,143K. Smith,143Z. Wan,143G. Alverson,144
E. Barberis,144D. Baumgartel,144M. Chasco,144D. Trocino,144D. Wood,144J. Zhang,144A. Anastassov,145 A. Kubik,145N. Mucia,145N. Odell,145R. A. Ofierzynski,145B. Pollack,145A. Pozdnyakov,145M. Schmitt,145
S. Stoynev,145M. Velasco,145S. Won,145L. Antonelli,146D. Berry,146A. Brinkerhoff,146M. Hildreth,146 C. Jessop,146D. J. Karmgard,146J. Kolb,146T. Kolberg,146K. Lannon,146W. Luo,146S. Lynch,146N. Marinelli,146
D. M. Morse,146T. Pearson,146R. Ruchti,146J. Slaunwhite,146N. Valls,146M. Wayne,146J. Ziegler,146B. Bylsma,147 L. S. Durkin,147C. Hill,147P. Killewald,147K. Kotov,147T. Y. Ling,147M. Rodenburg,147C. Vuosalo,147 G. Williams,147N. Adam,148E. Berry,148P. Elmer,148D. Gerbaudo,148V. Halyo,148P. Hebda,148A. Hunt,148 E. Laird,148D. Lopes Pegna,148P. Lujan,148D. Marlow,148T. Medvedeva,148M. Mooney,148J. Olsen,148P. Piroue´,148
X. Quan,148A. Raval,148H. Saka,148D. Stickland,148C. Tully,148J. S. Werner,148A. Zuranski,148J. G. Acosta,149 X. T. Huang,149A. Lopez,149H. Mendez,149S. Oliveros,149J. E. Ramirez Vargas,149A. Zatserklyaniy,149 E. Alagoz,150V. E. Barnes,150D. Benedetti,150G. Bolla,150L. Borrello,150D. Bortoletto,150M. De Mattia,150 A. Everett,150L. Gutay,150Z. Hu,150M. Jones,150O. Koybasi,150M. Kress,150A. T. Laasanen,150N. Leonardo,150 V. Maroussov,150P. Merkel,150D. H. Miller,150N. Neumeister,150I. Shipsey,150D. Silvers,150A. Svyatkovskiy,150
M. Vidal Marono,150H. D. Yoo,150J. Zablocki,150Y. Zheng,150S. Guragain,151N. Parashar,151A. Adair,152 C. Boulahouache,152V. Cuplov,152K. M. Ecklund,152F. J. M. Geurts,152B. P. Padley,152R. Redjimi,152J. Roberts,152 J. Zabel,152B. Betchart,153A. Bodek,153Y. S. Chung,153R. Covarelli,153P. de Barbaro,153R. Demina,153Y. Eshaq,153
H. Flacher,153A. Garcia-Bellido,153P. Goldenzweig,153Y. Gotra,153J. Han,153A. Harel,153D. C. Miner,153 G. Petrillo,153W. Sakumoto,153D. Vishnevskiy,153M. Zielinski,153A. Bhatti,154R. Ciesielski,154L. Demortier,154
K. Goulianos,154G. Lungu,154S. Malik,154C. Mesropian,154S. Arora,155O. Atramentov,155A. Barker,155 J. P. Chou,155C. Contreras-Campana,155E. Contreras-Campana,155D. Duggan,155D. Ferencek,155Y. Gershtein,155
R. Gray,155E. Halkiadakis,155D. Hidas,155D. Hits,155A. Lath,155S. Panwalkar,155M. Park,155R. Patel,155 A. Richards,155K. Rose,155S. Salur,155S. Schnetzer,155S. Somalwar,155R. Stone,155S. Thomas,155G. Cerizza,156
M. Hollingsworth,156S. Spanier,156Z. C. Yang,156A. York,156R. Eusebi,157W. Flanagan,157J. Gilmore,157 T. Kamon,157,zzV. Khotilovich,157R. Montalvo,157I. Osipenkov,157Y. Pakhotin,157A. Perloff,157J. Roe,157 A. Safonov,157S. Sengupta,157I. Suarez,157A. Tatarinov,157D. Toback,157N. Akchurin,158C. Bardak,158 J. Damgov,158P. R. Dudero,158C. Jeong,158K. Kovitanggoon,158S. W. Lee,158T. Libeiro,158P. Mane,158Y. Roh,158 A. Sill,158I. Volobouev,158R. Wigmans,158E. Yazgan,158E. Appelt,159E. Brownson,159D. Engh,159C. Florez,159
W. Gabella,159A. Gurrola,159M. Issah,159W. Johns,159C. Johnston,159P. Kurt,159C. Maguire,159A. Melo,159 P. Sheldon,159B. Snook,159S. Tuo,159J. Velkovska,159M. W. Arenton,160M. Balazs,160S. Boutle,160S. Conetti,160
B. Cox,160B. Francis,160S. Goadhouse,160J. Goodell,160R. Hirosky,160A. Ledovskoy,160C. Lin,160C. Neu,160 J. Wood,160R. Yohay,160S. Gollapinni,161R. Harr,161P. E. Karchin,161C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don,161 P. Lamichhane,161M. Mattson,161C. Milste`ne,161A. Sakharov,161M. Anderson,162M. Bachtis,162D. Belknap,162 J. N. Bellinger,162J. Bernardini,162D. Carlsmith,162M. Cepeda,162S. Dasu,162J. Efron,162E. Friis,162L. Gray,162
K. S. Grogg,162M. Grothe,162R. Hall-Wilton,162M. Herndon,162A. Herve´,162P. Klabbers,162J. Klukas,162 A. Lanaro,162C. Lazaridis,162J. Leonard,162R. Loveless,162A. Mohapatra,162I. Ojalvo,162G. A. Pierro,162
I. Ross,162A. Savin,162W. H. Smith,162J. Swanson,162and M. Weinberg162 (CMS Collaboration)
1Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia 2Institut fu¨r Hochenergiephysik der OeAW, Wien, Austria 3National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Belarus
4Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium 5Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium 6Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
7Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 8
Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
9Universite´ de Mons, Mons, Belgium
10Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 11Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 12Instituto de Fisica Teorica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
13Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria 14University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
15Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
16State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China 17
Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
18Technical University of Split, Split, Croatia 19University of Split, Split, Croatia
20Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia 21University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 22Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
23Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt,
Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
24National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia 25Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
26Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland 27
Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
28Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France 29DSM/IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
30Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
31Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Universite´ de Strasbourg, Universite´ de Haute Alsace Mulhouse,
CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
32Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France 33Universite´ de Lyon, Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS-IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucle´aire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
34Institute of High Energy Physics and Informatization, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 35RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
36RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany 37RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
38Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany 39University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 40Institut fu¨r Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany 41Institute of Nuclear Physics ‘‘Demokritos,’’ Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
42
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
43University of Ioa´nnina, Ioa´nnina, Greece
44KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary 45Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
46University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary 47Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
48University of Delhi, Delhi, India 49Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
50Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India 51Tata Institute of Fundamental Research–EHEP, Mumbai, India 52Tata Institute of Fundamental Research–HECR, Mumbai, India 53Institute for Research and Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
54aINFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy 54bUniversita` di Bari, Bari, Italy 54cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy 55aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
55bUniversita` di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 56aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
56bUniversita` di Catania, Catania, Italy 57aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
57bUniversita` di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
58INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 59INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy 60a
INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
60bUniversita` di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy 61aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy 61bUniversita` di Napoli ‘‘Federico II,’’ Napoli, Italy
62aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy 62bUniversita` di Padova, Padova, Italy 62cUniversita` di Trento (Trento), Padova, Italy
63aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy 63bUniversita` di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
64a
INFN Sezione di Perugia, Italy
64bUniversita` di Perugia, Italy 65aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
65bUniversita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 65cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
66aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy 66bUniversita` di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza,’’ Roma, Italy
67aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy 67bUniversita` di Torino, Torino, Italy
67cUniversita` del Piemonte Orientale (Novara), Torino, Italy 68aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
68bUniversita` di Trieste, Trieste, Italy 69Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
70
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
71Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea 72Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
73Korea University, Seoul, Korea 74University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea 75Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
76Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
77Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico 78Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
79Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico 80Universidad Auto´noma de San Luis Potosı´, San Luis Potosı´, Mexico
81University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 82University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
83National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 84Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
85Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland 86
Laborato´rio de Instrumentac¸a˜o e Fı´sica Experimental de Partı´culas, Lisboa, Portugal
87Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
88Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St Petersburg), Russia 89Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
90Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia 91Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
92P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
93State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia 94University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
95Centro de Investigaciones Energe´ticas Medioambientales y Tecnolo´gicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain 96Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
97Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
98Instituto de Fı´sica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain 99CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
100Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
101Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 102Universita¨t Zu¨rich, Zurich, Switzerland
103National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan 104National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
105Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
106Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey 107Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
108National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine 109
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
110Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom 111Imperial College, London, United Kingdom 112Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
113Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
114The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA 115Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 116Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 117University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA 118
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
119University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA 120University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 121University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
123Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 124University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
125Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA 126Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA 127Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
128University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA 129Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
130Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA 131
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
132University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA 133The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA 134Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
135The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA 136Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
137Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA 138University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA 139Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
140University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 141University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA 142University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA 143State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
144Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 145Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA 146University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
147
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
148Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA 149University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 150Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA 151Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana, USA
152Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA 153University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA 154The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
155Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 156University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
157Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA 158Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA 159Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 160University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
161Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA 162University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
aDeceased.
bAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland. cAlso at National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia. dAlso at Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.
eAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
fAlso at Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France. g
Also at Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt.
hAlso at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. iAlso at British University, Cairo, Egypt. jAlso at Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt. kAlso at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
lAlso at Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland. mAlso at Universite´ de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
nAlso at Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
oAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany. pAlso at Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. qAlso at Eo¨tvo¨s Lora´nd University, Budapest, Hungary.
sAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India. tAlso at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. uAlso at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. vAlso at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
wAlso at Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Teheran, Iran. xAlso at Facolta` Ingegneria Universita` di Roma, Roma, Italy.
yAlso at Universita` della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
zAlso at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell’ INFN, Legnaro, Italy. aaAlso at Universita` degli studi di Siena, Siena, Italy.
bbAlso at Faculty of Physics of University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. ccAlso at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. ddAlso at University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
eeAlso at Scuola Normale e Sezione dell’ INFN, Pisa, Italy.
ffAlso at INFN Sezione di Roma, Universita` di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza,’’ Roma, Italy. gg
Also at University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
hhAlso at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom. iiAlso at The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
jjAlso at University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia. kkAlso at Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
llAlso at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia. mmAlso at Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
nnAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey. ooAlso at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. ppAlso at Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
qqAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
rrAlso at Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. ssAlso at Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
ttAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. uuAlso at INFN Sezione di Perugia, Universita` di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
vv
Also at Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah, USA.
wwAlso at Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia.
xxAlso at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. yyAlso at Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey.
