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Geographical features such as slope and exposure are terroir elements influencing grape quality.

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GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES SUCH AS SLOPE AND EXPOSURE

ARE TERROIR ELEMENTS INFLUENCING GRAPE QUALITY

Elena Mania

1

, Luca Gangemi

1

, Mauro Piazzi

2

, Emanuele Sapino

2

, Silvia Guidoni

1*

1Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (Università di Torino) Via L. da Vinci, 44 - 10095 Grugliasco, Italy 2Timesis, Via Niccolini 7 – 56017 San Giuliano terme (PI) Italy

*Corresponding author: Tel.+39 011 6708659, Email: silvia.guidoni@unito.it

Mania E., M. Piazzi, L. Gangemi, A.E. Rossi, F. Cassi, S. Guidoni, Proceeding XI Terroir Congress, 316-320 (2016) - Mania E. PhD Thesis Università di Torino, 184 (2017) - Guidoni S., F. Petrella, M. Giovannozzi, Tong 16, 23-28 (2013) - Asproudi A., D. Borsa, E. Mania, L. Gangemi, S. Cavalletto, M. Dipalma, S. Guidoni, Acta Italus Hortus, 13, 51-52 (2014). Southern exposure Western exposure Eastern exposure

N

286 288 284 285 274 289 273 290 287 293 297 295283 291 292 294 296 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 prin1 pr in2 MU2 MU3 MU1 Landforms are natural physical features of the landscape. The hilly landscape of “Barolo area” (north-west Italy) is characterized by a high geospatial heterogeneity giving rise to different

environments in term of the elevation, slope and aspect. Their synergic action may influence water flow, weather, intercepted solar radiation and climate at meso scale level. In similar areas, the influence of geospatial variability has to be analysed as a terroir component. Our hypothesis was that these characteristics could also influence grape quality. In Barolo area, vineyards cover almost all the cultivated surface and Nebbiolo is by far the most used variety. All the possible exposure and altitude range of the hilly system are represented in the studied vineyard set. Distribution of the vineyards based on a PCA model considering the geographical features. The geographical features of the vineyards, such as slope, altitude, exposure have been assessed and intercepted surface solar radiation has been estimate by using the tool “Area Solar Radiation” of ArcGIS Pro 2.1 software (ESRI, US). The main bioclimatic indexes related to the vine vegetative period were calculated using data from Regional Meteorological Station Network. PCA classified the vineyards into 3 geomorphological units

(MU) by means of “incident solar radiation” (correlated with

Prin1) and exposure (correlated with Prin2). Vineyards belonging to MU1, MU2 and MU3 were averagely faced south, west and east, respectively. 290 295 273 289 284 291 283 286 274 288 287 292 297 285 296 294 293 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 90 180 270 360 aspect Al ti tu d e m s lm WEST

NORTH SOUTH EAST

The grape ripening has been monitored in 2012-2013 analysing: soluble solid content (Brix), titratable acidity (mg/L), pH, malic and tartaric acids (mg/L), potassium (mg/L), yeast available nitrogen (YAN) of the must and skin anthocyanin concentration (mg/L). The vine vigour and yield have been also assessed. Distribution of the vineyards based on a PCA model considering the 2012 grape ripening variables. Eastern vineyards (MU3) were more vigorous, had higher yield and lower berry

sugar and anthocyanins concentrations than the others.

In 2012, a warm and dry season, few differences between vineyard exposures emerged, whereas in 2013, with wetter and cooler conditions, the eastern exposure (MU3) was more penalized in term of grape quality. In southern vineyards (MU1) quality remained more stable over the two years. The anthocyanins were particularly sensitive to season and geographical features: in both years they achieved higher concentrations in western vineyards (MU2) than in the eastern ones (MU3). Despite the potential of the vineyard geomorphological traits in determining grape quality, winegrower's choices may contribute to drive grape ripening. Winegrowers' know-how interacts with the environment footprint and plays a decisive role in refining vineyard quality potential.

These results may lead winegrowers to adapt their traditional practices in order to improve the vineyard resilience in a climate changing scenario that, in the study area, become visible in a huge seasonal meteorological anomaly. XII Congreso Internacional Terroir - Zaragoza, 18-22 de Junio, 2018 291 274 273 289 288 285 284 286 287 283 292 295 293 296 297 294 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 prin1 p ri n 2 MU1 MU3 MU2

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