Key Injury and Violence Prevention Resources*

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Appendices

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Appendix 1 Key Injury and Violence Prevention Resources*

Compiled by Christy L. Cechman

A1.1. GENERAL INJURY

Baker, S. P., O’Neill, B., Ginsburg, M. J., & Li, G. (1992). The injury fact book (2nd ed.). New York:

Oxford University Press.

Barss, P., Smith, G. S., Baker, S. P., & Mohan, D. (1998). Injury prevention: An international perspective:

Epidemiology, surveillance and policy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Berger, L. R., & Mohan, D. (1996). Injury control: A global view. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bergman, A. B. (1992). Political approaches to injury control at the state level. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Bonnie, R. J., Fulco, C. E., & Liverman, C. T. (1999). Reducing the burden of injury: Advancing prevention and treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Bracht, N. F. (1999). Health promotion at the community level 2: New advances (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). School health guidelines to prevent unintentional injuries and violence [Electronic version]. MMWR Recommendations & Reports, 50 (No. RR-22). www.

cdc.gov/mmwr/indrr_2001html

Christoffel, K . K ., & Runyan, C. W. (1995). Adolescent injuries: Epidemiology and prevention. Philadelphia:

Hanley & Belfus.

Christoffel, T. (1993). Protecting the public: Legal issues in injury prevention. New York: Oxford University Press.

Christoffel, T., & Gallagher, S. S. (2006). Injury prevention and public health: Practical knowledge, skills, and strategies (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Committee on Trauma Research. (1985). Injury in America: A continuing public health problem. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

DiClemente, R. J., Crosby, R. A., & Kegler, M. C. (2002). Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: Strategies for improving public health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Finkelstein, E. A., Corso, P. S., & Miller, T. R. (2006). The incidence and economic burden of injuries in the United States, 2000. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gielen, A. C. (Ed.). (2002). Injury and domestic violence prevention [Special issue]. Patient Education

& Counseling, 46 (3).

Gielen, A., Sleet, D. A., & DiClemente, R. (2006). Injury and violence prevention: Behavioral science theories, methods and applications. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

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*Inclusion in this list does not necessarily represent the ofﬁcial policies and views of or endorsement by the federal government, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and none should be inferred.

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Glanz, K ., Rimer, B. K ., & Lewis, F. M. (2002). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Goldsmith, S. K. (2002). Reducing suicide: A national imperative. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Goodman, R. A., Rothstein, M. A., Hoffman, R. E., Lopez, W., & Matthews, G. W. (In press). Law in public health practice (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Gregg, M. B. (2002). Field epidemiology (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Haddix, A. C., Teutsch, S. M., & Corso, P. S. (2003). Prevention effectiveness: A guide to decision analysis and economic evaluation (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Hale, A. R. & Glendon, A. I. (1987). Individual behavior in the control of danger. New York: Elsevier.

Holder, Y., Peden, M., Krug, E., Lund, J., Gururaj, G., & Kobusingye, O. (2001). Injury surveillance guidelines.

www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/surveillance/surveillance_guidelines/en/.

Hornik, R. C. (2002). Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Institute of Medicine. (2002). Speaking of health: Assessing health communication strategies for diverse popula- tions. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Karlson, T. A., & Hargarten, S. W. (1997). Reducing ﬁrearm injury and death: A public health sourcebook on guns. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Liller, K. (2006). Injury prevention in children and youth. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.

Liller, K. D., & Sleet, D. A. (Eds.). (2004). Special issue on injury prevention [Special issue]. American Journal of Health Behavior, 28 (suppl. 1).

McClure, R., Stevenson, M., & McEvoy, S. (2004). The scientiﬁc basis of injury prevention and control.

Melbourne, Australia: IP Communications.

Mohan, D., & Tiwari, G. (2000). Injury prevention and control. New York: Taylor & Francis.

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2002). CDC injury research agenda. Atlanta, GA:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/research-agenda/agenda.htm

National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control. (1989). Injury prevention: Meeting the challenge.

New York: Oxford University Press.

National Safety Council. (1999–). Injury facts. Itasca, IL: Author.

National Safety Council. (March 13, 2006). Report on injuries in America, 2005. Retrieved May 20, 2003, from www.nsc.org/library/report_injury_usa.htm.

Ozanne-Smith, J., & Williams, F. (1995). Injury research and prevention. Victoria, Australia: Monash Uni- versity Accident Research Centre.

Rice, D. P., & Mackenzie, E. J. (1989). Cost of injury in the United States: A report to Congress, 1989. San Francisco: Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco Baltimore: Injury Prevention Center, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University.

Rivara, F. P., Cummings, P., Koepsell, T. D., Grossman, D. C., & Maier, R. V. (2001). Injury control: A guide to research and program evaluation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Roberts, M. C., & Brooks, P. H. (Eds.). (1987). Children’s injuries: Prevention and public policy [Special issue]. Journal of Social Issues, 43 (2).

Robertson, L. S. (1998). Injury epidemiology (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Schneiderman, N. (2001). Integrating behavioral and social sciences with public health. Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

Sethi, D., Habibula, S., McGee, K., Peden, M., Bennett, S., Hyder, A. A., Klevens, J., Odero, W., &

Suriyawongpaisal, P. (2004). Guidelines for conducting community surveys on injuries and violence. http://

whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241546484.pdf.

Sleet, D. A., & Bryn, S. (Eds.). (2003). Injury prevention for children and youth [Special issue]. American Journal of Health Education, 34 (5).

Swartz, R. (Ed.). (2003). Focal point issue: Injury prevention and control. Health Promotion Practice, 4 (2).

Thacker, S. B., & MacKenzie, E. J. (Eds.). (2003). Injury Prevention and Control. Epidemiologic Reviews, 25.

Waller, J. A. (1985). Injury control: A guide to the causes and prevention of trauma. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Ward, J. (Ed.). (2006). A safer, healthier America: The advancement of public health in the 20th Century. New York: Oxford University Press.

Widome, M. D. (1997). Injury prevention and control for children and youth (3rd ed.). Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.

Wilson, M. H., Baker, S. P., Teret, S. P., Shock, S. S., & Garbarina, J. (1991). Saving children: A guide to injury prevention. New York: Oxford University Press.

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World Health Organization. (2002). Injury chart book: A graphical overview of the global burden of injuries.

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/924156220X.pdf.

World Health Organization. (2002). Injury: A leading cause of the global burden of disease, 2000. www.who.

int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/other_injury/injury/en/.

Zaza, S., Briss, P. A., Harris, K. W., & Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2005). The guide to community preventive services: What works to promote health? New York: Oxford University Press.

A1.2. UNINTENTIONAL INJURY

Behrman, R. E. (Ed.). (2000). Unintentional injuries in childhood. Future of Children, 10 (1).

Branche, C. M., Dellinger, A. M., Sleet, D. A., Gilchrist, J., & Olson, S. J. (2004). Unintentional injuries:

The burden, risks, and preventive strategies to address diversity. In I. L. Livingston (Ed.), Praeger handbook of black American health: Policies and issues behind disparities in health (pp. 317–327). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Elvik, R., & Vaa, T. (2004). The handbook of road safety measures. Boston: Elsevier.

Evans, L. (2004). Trafﬁc safety. Bloomﬁeld Hills, MI: Science Serving Society.

Fletemeyer, J. R., & Freas, S. J. (1999). Drowning: New perspectives on intervention and prevention. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Geller, E. S. (Ed.). (1991). Road safety: International perspectives [Special issue]. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24 (1).

Holt, D. J. (2004). Pedestrian safety. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.

Liverman, C. T., Altevogt, B. M., Joy, J. E., & Johnson, R. T. (2005). Spinal cord injury: Progress, promise and priorities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Nantulya, V. M., & Sleet, D. A. (Eds.). (2003). The global challenge of road trafﬁc injuries [Special issue]. Injury Control & Safety Promotion, 10 (1–2).

Parra, E. K., & Stevens, J. A. (2002). U.S. fall prevention programs for seniors. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Peden, M., Scurﬁeld, R., Sleet, D., Mohan, D., Hyder, A. A., Jarawan, E., & Mathers, C. (2004). World report on road trafﬁc injury prevention. www.who.int/world-health-day/2004/infomaterials/world_report/

en/index.html.

Posner, M. (2000). Preventing school injuries. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Rothe, J. P. (2002). Driving lessons: Exploring systems that make trafﬁc safer. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press.

Rothengatter, T., & Carbonell, E. (1997). Trafﬁc and transport psychology: Theory and application. New York: Pergamon.

Seiffert, U., & Wech, L. (2003). Automotive safety handbook. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.

Shults, R., & Harvey, P. (1996). Efforts to increase smoke detector use in U.S. households. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Sleet, D. A., & Hopkins, K. (Eds.). (2004). Bibliography of behavioral science research in unintentional injury prevention [CD-ROM]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Sleet, D. A., Wagenaar, A., & Waller, P. (Eds.). (1989). Drinking, driving and health promotion [Special issue]. Health Education Quarterly, 16 (3).

Tennstedt, S. L. (Ed.). (2002–2003). Falls and fall-related injuries. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, XXVI (4).

Transportation Research Board. (2003). Implementing impaired driving countermeasures: Putting research into action (Transportation Research E-Circular, E-C072), from http://trb.org/publications/circu- lars/ec072.pdf.

Zaza, S., Briss, P. A., Harris, K. W., & Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2005). The guide to community preventive services! What works to promote health? New York: Oxford University Press.

A1.3. VIOLENCE-RELATED INJURY

Basile, K. C., & Saltzman, L. E. (2002). Sexual violence surveillance: Uniform deﬁnitions and recommended data elements, version 1.0. www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/sv_surveillance/sv.htm.

Bonnie, R. J., & Wallace, R. B. (2003). Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America.

Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

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Chalk, R., & King, P. (1998). Violence in families: Assessing prevention and treatment programs. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Cohn, F., Salmon, M. E., & Stobo, J. D. (2002). Confronting chronic neglect: The education and training of health professionals on family violence. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Crosson-Tower, C. (2004). Understanding child abuse and neglect (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Dahlberg, L. L., Toal, S. B., & Behrens, C. B. (2005). Measuring violence-related attitudes, behaviors, and inﬂuences among youths: A compendium of assessment tools (2nd ed.). www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/

measure.htm.

Elliott, D. S., Hamburg, B. A., & Williams, K. R. (1998). Violence in American schools: A new perspective.

Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Finkelhor, D. (1986). A sourcebook on child sexual abuse. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Goldsmith, S. K. (2002). Reducing suicide: A national imperative. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Ikeda, R. M., & Dodge, K. A. (Eds.). (2001). Youth violence prevention: The science of moving research to practice [Special issue]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 20 (suppl. 1).

Klein, E., Campbell, J. C., Soler, E., & Ghez, M. (1997). Ending domestic violence: Changing public percep- tions/halting the epidemic. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., & Lozano, R. (2002). World report on violence and health. www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/index.html.

Mills, L. G. (2003). Insult to injury: Rethinking our responses to intimate abuse. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Moore, M. H. (2003). Deadly lessons: Understanding lethal school violence. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Research Council Panel of Research on Child Abuse and Neglect. (1993). Understanding child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Reiss, A. J., & Roth, J. A. (1993). Understanding and preventing violence. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Reyes, C., Rudman, W. J., & Hewitt, C. R. (2002). Domestic violence and health care: Policies and prevention.

New York: Haworth Medical Press.

Roberts, A. R. (2002). Handbook of domestic violence intervention strategies: Policies, programs, and legal remedies.

Rosenberg, M. L. & Fenley, M. A. (1991). Violence in America: A public health approach. New York: Oxford University Press.

Saltzman, L. E., Fanslow, J. L., McMahon, P. M., & Shelley, G. A. (1999). Intimate partner violence surveil- lance: Uniform deﬁnitions and recommended data elements, version 1.0. www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/

ipv_surveillance/intimate.htm.

Thornton, T. N., Craft, C. A., Dahlberg, L. L., Lynch, B. S., & Baer, K. (2002). Best practices of youth violence prevention: A sourcebook for community action (rev. ed.). www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/bestpractices.

htm.

Towner, E., Downswell, T., Simpson, G., & Jarvis, S. (1996). Health promotion in childhood and young ado- lescence for the prevention of unintentional injuries. London: Health Education Authority.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). National strategy for suicide prevention: Goals and objectives for action. www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/SMA01-3517/.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2001). Youth violence: A report of the Surgeon General.

www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence/toc.html.

Wellford, C. F., Pepper, J. V., & Petrie, C. V. (2005). Firearms and violence: A critical review. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

A1.4. INTERVENTION FUNDAMENTALS

Barnett, D. W., Bell, S. H., & Carey, K. T. (1998). Designing preschool interventions: A practitioner’s guide.

New York: Guilford Press.

Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G. S., Kok, G., & Gottlieb, N. H. (2001). Intervention mapping: Designing theory- and evidence-based health promotion programs. Mountain View, CA: Mayﬁeld.

Bensley, R. J., & Brookins-Fisher, J. (2003). Community health education methods: A practical guide (2nd ed.).

Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

CDC/ATSDR, Committee on Community Engagement. (1997). Principles of community engagement. www.

cdc.gov/phppo/pce/.

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Erickson, M. F., & Kurz-Riemer, K. (1999). Infants, toddlers, and families: A framework for support and inter- vention. New York: Guilford Press.

Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (2005). Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Guttman, N. (2000). Public health communication interventions: Values and ethical dilemmas. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Rathvon, N. (1999). Effective school interventions: Strategies for enhancing academic achievement and social competence. New York: Guilford Press.

Rutter, D. R., & Quine, L. (2002). Changing health behaviour: Intervention and research with social cognition models. Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Schneiderman, N., Speers, M. A., Silva, J. M., Tomes, H., & Gentry, J. H. (2001). Integrating behavioral and social sciences with public health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Smedley, B. D., & Syme, S. L. (2000). Promoting health: Intervention strategies from social and behavioral research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

A1.5. CRISIS AND TRAUMA

Dattilio, F. M., & Freeman, A. M. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral strategies in crisis intervention (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

France, K. (1996). Crisis intervention: A handbook of immediate person-to-person help (3rd ed.). Springﬁeld, IL: Thomas.

Hutchison, S. B. (2005). Effects of and interventions for childhood trauma from infancy through adolescence: Pain unspeakable. New York: Haworth Maltreatment & Trauma Press.

Litz, B. T. (2004). Early intervention for trauma and traumatic loss. New York: Guilford Press.

Osofsky, J. D. (2004). Young children and trauma: Intervention and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

Roberts, A. R. (2005). Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research (3rd ed.). New York:

Oxford University Press.

Wainrib, B. R., & Bloch, E. L. (1998). Crisis intervention and trauma response: Theory and practice. New York: Springer.

A1.6. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2003). Heads up: Brain injury in your practice.

Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Available online: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/tbi_toolkit/physicians/introduction.htm National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2005). Heads up: Concussion in high school sports.

Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Available online: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/Coaches_Tool_Kit.htm

Semrud-Clikeman, M. (2001). Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: Assessment and intervention.

A1.7. UNINTENTIONAL INJURY

Branche, C. M., Dellinger, A. M., Sleet, D. A., Gilchrist, J., & Olson, S. J. (2004). Unintentional injuries:

The burden, risks, and preventive strategies to address diversity. In I. L. Livingston (Ed.), Praeger handbook of black American health: Policies and issues behind disparities in health (pp. 317–327). Westport, CT: Praeger.

Christoffel, T., & Gallagher, S. S. (In press). Injury prevention and public health: Practical knowledge, skills, and strategies (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Fletemeyer, J. R., & Freas, S. J. (1999). Drowning: New perspectives on intervention and prevention. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Parra, E. K., & Stevens, J. A. (2002). U.S. fall prevention programs for seniors. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. www.cdc.

gov/ncipc/falls/default.htm

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Posner, M. (2000). Preventing school injuries. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Shults, R., & Harvey, P. (1996). Efforts to increase smoke detector use in U.S. households. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Sleet, D. A., & Hopkins, K. (Eds.). (2004). Bibliography of behavioral science research in unintentional injury prevention [CD-ROM]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

A1.8. VIOLENCE-RELATED INJURY

Aldarondo, E., & Mederos, F. (2002). Programs for men who batter: Intervention and prevention strategies in a diverse society. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.

Burton, J. E., Rasmussen, L. A., Bradshaw, J., Christopherson, B. J., & Huke, S. C. (1998). Treating children with sexually abusive behavior problems: Guidelines for child and parent intervention. New York: Haworth Maltreatment & Trauma Press.

Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, University of Colorado at Boulder. (1998–2004).

Blueprints for violence prevention series. Boulder, CO: Author.

Chalk, R., & King, P. (1998). Violence in families: Assessing prevention and treatment programs. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Christoffel, T., & Gallagher, S. S. (In press). Injury prevention and public health: Practical knowledge, skills, and strategies (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Cohen, J. J., & Fish, M. C. (1993). Handbook of school-based interventions: Resolving student problems and promoting healthy educational environments. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Corcoran, M. H., & Cawood, J. S. (2003). Violence assessment and intervention: The practitioner’s handbook.

Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Dishion, T., & Kavanagh, K. (2003). Intervening in adolescent problem behavior: A family-centered approach.

Eisikovits, Z., & Buchbinder, E. (2000). Locked in a violent embrace: Understanding and intervening in domestic violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Faller, K. C. (1999). Maltreatment in early childhood: Tools for research-based intervention. New York: Haworth Maltreatment & Trauma Press.

Fawcett, B., Featherston, B., Hearn, J., & Toft, C. (1996). Violence and gender relations: Theories and inter- ventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Geffner, R., Jaffe, P. G., & Sudermann, M. (2000). Children exposed to domestic violence: Current issues in research, intervention, prevention, and policy development. New York: Haworth Maltreatment & Trauma Press.

Geffner, R., Loring, M. T., & Young, C. (2001). Bullying behavior: Current issues, research, and interventions.

New York: Haworth Maltreatment & Trauma Press.

Geffner, R., & Rosenbaum, A. (2002). Domestic violence offenders: Current interventions, research, and implica- tions for policies and standards. New York: Haworth Press.

Goldstein, A. P., Glick, B., & Gibbs, J. C. (1998). Aggression replacement training: A comprehensive intervention for aggressive youth (rev. ed.). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

Goldstein, S. L. (1998). The sexual exploitation of children: A practical guide to assessment, investigation, and intervention (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Edleson, J. L. (2001). Domestic violence in the lives of children: The future of research, intervention, and social policy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Greenwald, R. (2002). Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions. New York:

Haworth Maltreatment & Trauma Press.

Gullotta, T. P., Adams, G. R., & Montemayor, R. (1998). Delinquent violent youth: Theory and interventions.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Gullotta, T. P., & McElhaney, S. J. (1999). Violence in homes and communities: Prevention, intervention, and treatment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Hamberger, L. K., & Phelan, M. B. (2004). Domestic violence screening and intervention in medical and mental healthcare settings. New York: Springer.

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Kendall-Tackett, K. A., & Giacomoni, S. M. (2005). Child victimization: Maltreatment, bullying and dating violence, prevention and intervention. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.

Koenig, L. J., Doll, L., O’Leary, A., & Pequegnat, W. (2004). From child sexual abuse to adult sexual risk:

Trauma, revictimization, and intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Loeber, R. (1998). Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Loeber, R. & Farrington, D. P. (2001). Child delinquents: Development, intervention, and service needs. Thou- sand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Lutzker, J. R. (2005). Preventing violence: Research and evidence-based intervention strategies. Washington, DC:

Mills, L. G. (1998). The heart of intimate abuse: New interventions in child welfare, criminal justice, and health settings. New York: Springer.

Moghaddam, F. M., & Marsella, A. J. (2004). Understanding terrorism: Psychosocial roots, consequences, and interventions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

O’Carroll, P. W., & Potter, L. B. (1994). Suicide contagion and the reporting of suicide: Recommenda- tions from a national workshop. MMWR Recommendations & Reports, 43 (No. RR-6), 9–18.

O’Carroll, P. W., Potter, L. B., & Mercy, J. A. (1994). Programs for the prevention of suicide among adolescents and young adults. MMWR Recommendations & Reports, 43 (No. RR-6), 1–7.

Quinn, M. J., & Tomita, S. K. (1997). Elder abuse and neglect: Causes, diagnosis, and intervention strategies (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.

Reid, J. B., Patterson, G. R., & Snyder, J. J. (2002). Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A develop- mental analysis and model for intervention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Roberts, A. (1998). Battered women and their families: Intervention strategies and treatment programs (2nd ed.).

New York: Springer.

Roberts, A. R. (2002). Handbook of domestic violence intervention strategies: Policies, programs, and legal remedies.

Schewe, P. A. (2002). Preventing violence in relationships: Interventions across the life span. Washington, DC:

Smith, P. K., Pepler, D. J., & Rigby, K. (2004). Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be? New York: Cambridge University Press.

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Appendix 2 Key Evaluation Resources*

Compiled by Christy L. Cechman

Bablouzian, L., Freedman, E. S., Wolski, K. E., & Fried, L. E. (1997). Evaluation of a community based childhood injury prevention program. Injury Prevention, 3, 14–16.

Backer, T. E. (2003). Evaluating community collaborations. New York: Springer.

Boulmetis, J., & Dutwin, P. (2005). The ABCs of evaluation: Timeless techniques for program and project managers (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). Framework for program evaluation in public health. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4811a1.htm.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Evaluation Workgroup. (2005). Introduction to program evalu- ation for public health programs: A self-study guide. www.cdc.gov/eval/evalguide.pdf.

Chen, H. T. (2004). Practical program evaluation: Assessing and improving planning, implementation, and effectiveness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Cohen, M. A., & Miller, T. R. (1998). The cost of mental health care for victims of crime. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 93–110.

Dale, R. (1998). Evaluation frameworks for development programmes and projects. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Davidson, E. J. (2005). Evaluation methodology basics: The nuts and bolts of sound evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Drummond, M. F., Sculper, M. J., Torrance, G. W., O’Brien, B. J., & Stoddart, G. L. (2005). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Fetterman, D. A. (2001). Foundations of empowerment evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Fetterman, D. A., Kaftarian, S. J., & Wandersman, A. (1996). Empowerment evaluation: Knowledge and tools for self-assessment and accountability. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Fetterman, D. A., & Wandersman, A. (2004). Empowerment evaluation principles in practice. New York:

Guilford Press.

Fink, A. (2005). Evaluation fundamentals: Insights into the outcomes, effectiveness, and quality of health programs (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Finkelstein, E. A., Corso, P. S., & Miller, T. R. (2006). The incidence and economic burden of injuries in the United States, 2000. New York: Oxford University Press.

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Appendix 3 Key Injury and Violence Data Resources*

Joseph L. Annest, Christy L. Cechman, and Kimberly E. Brice

A3.1. ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE DATA Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI)

• Afﬁliation: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (CDC-NCCDPHP)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: http:

//

apps.nccd.cdc.gov/ardi/Homepage.aspx

ARDI was released in 2004 as a tool for estimating alcohol-related deaths and years of potential life lost for the general population at the state and national levels. Acute causes of death resulting from alcohol abuse include those related to motor-vehicle incident, drowning, falls, ﬁres, homicide and suicide.

Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)

• Afﬁliation: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.dawninfo.samhsa.gov

DAWN is a public health surveillance system that monitors drug-related hospital emergency department visits and drug-related deaths to track the impact of drug use, misuse, and abuse in the United States. Recent changes have expanded the

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scope of DAWN to help communities identify emerging problems, improve patient care, and manage resources.

Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Series

• Afﬁ liation: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: http:

//

webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/SAMHDA-SERIES/00195.

xml

HBSC Series has been sponsored by the World Health Organization Regional Ofﬁce for Europe since 1982. Information is collected from school-aged children in as many as 30 participating countries, including the United States, and is meant to help researchers monitor and understand health-risk behaviors and attitudes in youth, including drug and alcohol use, ﬁghting, and bringing weapons to school.

Monitoring the Future (MTF) Series

• Afﬁ liation: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: http:

//

webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/SAMHDA-SERIES/00035.

xml

MTF surveys, conducted annually since 1975, were designed to examine changes in values, behaviors, and lifestyle orientations of contemporary American youth and to attempt to explain the relationships and trends observed. Information regarding drug use, demographics, and attitudes toward a variety of subjects (e.g., parental inﬂuences, drug education, and violence and crime) are collected from nationally representative samples of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students in the United States.

Monitoring the Future Survey (MTFS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/mtf.html

MTFS is conducted by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research and funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. MTFS surveys almost 50,000 stu- dents from over 400 schools nationwide about illicit drug use and attitudes toward drugs. Students from 8th, 10th, and 12th grade are asked about their lifetime use, past year use, past month use, and daily use of drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and smoke- less tobacco. Results from the survey are released each fall.

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97)

• Afﬁ liation: U.S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.bls.gov/nls/nlsy97.htm

NLSY97 involved interviewing a sample of approximately 9000 youths who were

12–16 years old as of December 31, 1996, as well as one of that youth’s parents.

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Youth were then interviewed on a yearly basis thereafter. Data were released in June and October of 2005. The survey was designed to document the transition from school to work and into adulthood. In addition to education and work-related experiences, the survey also gathered information on criminal behavior and alcohol and drug use.

National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (formerly the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse [NHSDA])

• Afﬁliation: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda.htm

NSDUH collects data on drug and alcohol use and abuse by the civilian noninsti- tutionalized population, aged 12 years and over, in the United States. Data are col- lected on illegal drug use, the nonmedical use of legal drugs, and the use of alcohol and tobacco products. Periodically, the survey also collects data on special topics such as criminal behavior and mental health issues. The purpose of the survey is to produce estimates on the incidence and prevalence of drug and alcohol use and abuse in the United States.

National Youth Survey (NYS) Series

• Afﬁ liation: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: http:

//

webapp.icpsr.umich.edu/cocoon/SAMHDA-SERIES/00088.

xml

NYS data were gathered from interviews with parents and youth about behavior by youths. Information collected includes demographic data, disruptive events in the home, neighborhood problems, attitudes toward deviance in adults and juveniles, parental discipline, community involvement, drug and alcohol use, victimization, pregnancy, and spouse violence by respondent and partner.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)

• Afﬁliation: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (CDC-NCCDPHP)

• Frequency: biennial

• URL: www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/yrbs/index.htm

YRBSS was developed to monitor health risk behaviors among youth and adults

in the United States. Health risk behaviors (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, other drug

abuse; suicide attempt; weapon carrying; and physical ﬁghting) are often estab-

lished during childhood and early adolescence and can contribute highly to the

leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among Americans. YRBSS

was intended to help determine the prevalence of health risk behaviors and assess

behavior trends over time and among populations. The survey includes data from

national, state, and local school-based samples of 9th- through 12th-grade students

and is conducted every 2 years.

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A3.2. BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS Behavioral Risk Factor Survey System (BRFSS)

• Afﬁliation: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (CDC-NCCDPHP)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.cdc.gov/brfss

BRFSS uses telephone surveys to track health risk behavior in the United States to improve the health of the American people. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 3 territories participate in the survey. Questions are asked to determine actual behaviors, such as smoking, physical activity, and seat belt use, rather than attitudes toward or knowledge of health-related behavior. Annual reports are published to track major health risks among Americans, giving states and territories the informa- tion they need to create policies and initiatives to meet health-related goals and track their successes.

Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) Series See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

Injury Control and Risk Surveys (ICARIS-1, ICARIS-2)

• Afﬁliation: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC-NCIPC)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: No Web site available at this time.

ICARIS-1 and ICARIS-2 were conducted as national random digit dial telephone surveys of the noninstitutionalized English- and Spanish-speaking population aged 18 and older in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The purpose of these surveys was to collect data on injuries and injury risk factors. ICARIS-1 was con- ducted in 1994 and covered 11 modules, including respondent demographics and a variety of unintentional and intentional injury topics. Data were collected on more than 5,000 respondents. ICARIS-2, conducted from July 23, 2001, to February 7, 2003, collected data from almost 10,000 respondents. Besides repeating a number of questions asked in the initial survey, additional questions and additional modules were added. Both sets of survey data were weighted to adjust for selection prob- abilities and nonresponse and were poststratiﬁed to the most recent population data by age, gender, and race. These surveys provide national estimates of selected types of injuries and injury-related risk factors.

Monitoring the Future (MTF) Series See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm

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NHIS collects current statistical information on the health of the civilian noninsti- tutionalized population of the United States, including data on illness and disabil- ity and the services rendered for or because of such conditions. The information gathered by the NHIS can be used by the public health community to monitor trends in injuries, illnesses, and disability, track progress in achieving national health objectives, determine barriers to health care access, and evaluate federal health-care programs. The NHIS surveys over 43,000 households per year to collect demographic and socioeconomic data as well basic indicators of health status and use of health-care services.

National Youth Survey (NYS) Series See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

A3.3. CRIME AND VICTIMIZATION DATA Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP)

• Afﬁ liation: Ofﬁce of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: http:

//

ojjdp.ncjrs.org/ojstatbb/cjrp

The CJRP data book contains tables detailing the characteristics (age, sex, race/

ethnicity, offense, type of facility, and placement status) of juvenile offenders in residential placement facilities.

Law Enforcement Ofﬁcers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA)

• Afﬁ liation: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm

LEOKA is one of several reporting systems of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program of the FBI. LEOKA addresses crimes the murder, assault, and accidental deaths of law-enforcement ofﬁcers occuring in the line of duty. Data include information on weapons used, use of body armor, and circumstances surrounding murders and assaults of ofﬁcers.

Monitoring the Future (MTF) Series

See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

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National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS)

• Afﬁliation: National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.ndacan.cornell.edu/NDACAN/Datasets/Abstracts/DatasetAb- stract_NCANDS_General.html

Each year, data are collected for NCANDS by the Children’s Bureau, Administra- tion on Children, Youth and Families in the Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The resulting Child Maltreatment Report is published annually and presents national data about child abuse and neglect in the United States. The Child Abuse Prevention and Treat- ment Act (CAPTA) requires all states that receive funds from the basic state grant program to provide speciﬁc data, to the extent practicable, on children who have been maltreated.

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

• Afﬁ liation: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/cvict.htm

NCVS is the chief source of criminal victimization information in the United States.

Data are gathered annually from a sample of 42,000 households, including nearly 76,000 people, on the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of criminal victimization. The purpose of the survey is to enable BJS to estimate the likelihood of victimization of individuals 12 years of age or older by rape, sexual assault, robbery, assault, theft, household burglary, and motor-vehicle theft for the popula- tion as a whole as well as for segments of the population such as women, the elderly, members of various racial groups, city dwellers, and other groups.

National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS)

• Afﬁliation: National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: http:

//

nccanch.acf.hhs.gov

The NIS has been conducted three times since 1980, most recently in 1993. The congressionally mandated study seeks to provide information on the extent of child abuse and neglect in the United States and measure changes that have occurred since the previous study. The NIS-3 study, published in 1996, sampled over 5600 professionals nationwide and includes cases investigated by child protective service agencies as well as children seen by other professionals, such as police departments, schools, hospitals and public health departments. Therefore, the NIS results are more comprehensive than ofﬁcial statistics reported by child protective services.

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

• Afﬁ liation: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.fbi.gov/hq/cjisd/ucr.htm

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NIBRS was created from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program to enhance the crime data collection abilities of law enforcement, improve methods for analyz- ing and publishing crime data, and provide more details about the circumstances of the incident. Over 17,000 local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies nationwide contribute statistics on crime in the United States.

National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAW)

• Afﬁliation: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC-NCIPC)

• Frequency: conducted only once, in 1995–1996

• URL: www.ncjrs.org/pdfﬁles1/nij/181867.pdf; www.ncjrs.org/pdfﬁles1/

nij/183781.pdf; www.ncjrs.org/pdfﬁles/169592.pdf; www.ncjrs.org/

pdfﬁles/172837.pdf

NVAW was conducted in 1995–1996 and presents ﬁndings from 8000 women and 8000 men in the United States about their experiences as victims of intimate partner violence. The respondents answered questions about their lifetime experiences of intimate partner violence, including frequency, injuries received, treatment sought, and use of the criminal justice system. Findings are available in PDF format.

National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS)

• Afﬁliation: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC-NCIPC)

• Frequency: 17 states currently report to this system (AK, CA, CO, GA, KY, MA, MD, NC, NJ, NM, OK, OR, RI, SC, UT, VA, WI)

• URL: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/proﬁ les/nvdrs/facts.htm

NVDRS was created to provide accurate and timely violent death-related informa- tion to inform decision makers about the magnitude and characteristics of the problem in the United States and to provide a tool for evaluation of state-based violence prevention programs and policies. NVDRS is designed to ﬁll in the gaps created by the lack of certain death certiﬁcate data, such as the link between victim and perpetrator. The goals of NVDRS include helping identify risk factors for multiple homicide or homicide-suicide occurrences, to provide more timely information about violent deaths, and to provide characteristics about perpetrators and their relationships to victims.

National Youth Survey (NYS) Series See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: http:

//

nces.ed.gov/surveys/ssocs/ [info]; available on CD-ROM by

request: http:

//

nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2004306

SSOCS contains information from a sample of the U.S. public elementary, middle,

secondary schools designed to provide estimates of school crime, discipline,

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disorder, programs and policies. The survey is administered to over 3000 school principals each year and asks questions about a variety of topics relating to school crime and safety, including policies and procedures, school violence prevention programs, and frequency of criminal, hate-related and gang-related incidents at school.

A3.4. INJURY DEATHS Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI)

See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI)

• Afﬁ liation: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.bls.gov/iif/oshfat1.htm

CFOI is a federal–state cooperative program producing comprehensive statistics regarding fatal work injuries. CFOI is implemented in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Multiple sources, such as death certiﬁcates and worker’s compensa- tion records, are cross-referenced to identify, verify, and proﬁle fatal worker injuries.

Data from the preceding year are issued annually.

Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Highway Trafﬁc Safety Administration (NHTSA)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov

FARS annually tracks national statistics regarding motor-vehicle crash deaths occur- ring on a public roadway. NHTSA provides an interactive query system that allows users to access FARS data on the Internet regarding crash details, speciﬁcs of the people involved, vehicle type, and driver characteristics. Results may be shown for one or more states, and several report format options are available.

Injuries, Illnesses and Fatalities (IIF)

• Afﬁ liation: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.bls.gov/iif/home.htm

IIF provides information on injuries and illness on the job and data on worker fatalities.

Law Enforcement Ofﬁcers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA)

See “A3.3. Crime and Victimization Data.”

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National Mortality Followback Survey—1993 (NMFS93)

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nmfs/nmfs.htm

NMFS collects information for a sample of U.S. residents from the next of kin or another person familiar with the decedent’s life history to supplement death cer- tiﬁcate information. This information provides a unique opportunity to study the cause of disease, demographic trends in mortality, and other health issues. The 1993 survey samples individuals from 49 states, aged 15 years or over, who died in 1993 and emphasizes deaths due to homicide, suicide, and unintentional injury.

The 1993 NMFS focuses on ﬁve subject areas: socioeconomic differentials in mortal- ity; associations between risk factors and cause of death; disability; access and use of health care facilities in the last year of life; and reliability of certain items reported on the death certiﬁcate.

National Traumatic Occupational Fatality Surveillance System (NTOF)

• Afﬁliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (CDC-NIOSH)

• Frequency: no longer active with new data

• URL: www.cdc.gov/niosh/injury

NTOF is a nationwide surveillance system for occupation injury deaths. Death certiﬁcates are the source of data for NTOF and are estimated to include over 80% of all occupation deaths in the United States. NTOF data are available for the years 1980–1995 for civilian workers and 1980–1993 for active military person- nel. Statistics are included for demographic and injury characteristics and can be used to develop prevention strategies and identify the leading causes of workplace injury and death.

National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) See “A3.3. Crime and Victimization Data.”

National Vital Statistics System (NVSS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.cdc. gov/nchs/nvss.htm

NVSS collects and disseminates the official vital statistics collected from the 50 states and 5 territories (Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). Data are obtained from birth, marriage, divorce, and death certificates collected from various official registries.

Standard procedures for vital statistics registration and data collection are devel-

oped by NCHS as well as training and instructional materials. Data can be obtained

electronically through Vital Statistics of the United States, National Vital Statistics

Reports, and other reports.

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Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)

• Afﬁliation: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC-NCIPC)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars

WISQARS is an interactive database that provides injury-related data for both fatal and nonfatal injuries. WISQARS Fatal uses death data from the National Vital Statistics System and can be used to create reports that provide number of injury deaths and death rates for speciﬁc external causes of injuries. For example, leading causes of death reports provide the number of injury-related deaths relative to the number of other leading causes of death in the United States or in individual states. WISQARS Nonfatal uses injury data from the National Elec- tronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program and provides national esti- mates of nonfatal injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments and allows access to charts that rank leading causes of nonfatal injuries by selected demographic characteristics of those who died from an injury in the United States.

Work-Related Injury Statistics Query System (Work-RISQS)

• Afﬁliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (CDC-NIOSH)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www2.cdc.gov/risqs/default.asp

Work-RISQS is a public-access database containing national estimates and rates for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments. This Web-based interactive system allows queries based on demo- graphic characteristics, nature of injury/illness, and incident circumstances for the years 1998 and 1999; more years will be added.

A3.5. INJURY INCIDENCE Behavioral Risk Factor Survey System (BRFSS) See “A3.2. Behavioral Risk Factors.”

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Online Statistics (HCUPnet)

• Afﬁ liation: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: http:

//

hcup.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.asp

HCUPnet is an on-line query system that allows the user to generate tables

and graphs using statistics from national, regional and some state community

hospitals in the United States, including injury and poisoning data. HCUPnet

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generates statistics using data from HCUP’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), and the State Inpatient Databases (SID).

Injury Control and Risk Surveys (ICARIS-1, ICARIS-2) See “A3.2. Behavioral Risk Factors.”

International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on Injury Statistics

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS)

• Frequency: Annual/biennual meetings and proceedings

• URL: www.cdc.gov/nchs/advice.htm

ICE on Injury Statistics is one of several international activities sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statis- tics. The goal is to provide a forum for international exchange and collaboration among injury researchers who develop and promote international standards in injury data collection and analysis. A secondary goal is to produce products of the highest quality to facilitate the comparability and improved quality of injury data.

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) See “A3.2. Behavioral Risk Factors.”

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

A3.6. INJURY MORBIDITY DATA Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)

• Afﬁ liation: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.ahrq.gov/data/hcup

The goal of HCUP is to bring together data collected from state data organiza- tions, hospital associations, private data organizations, and the federal government to create a national collection of patient-level health care databases and software tools. This broad spectrum of data is available to public and private users to enable research on health care issues at the national, state, and local market levels.

Indian Health Service (IHS) Division of Program Statistics Website

• Afﬁ liation: Indian Health Service (IHS)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.ihs.gov/nonmedicalprograms/ihs%5Fstats

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The IHS Division of Program Statistics collects and compiles demographic and patient-care information about the American Indian and Alaska Native populations from several sources, including the U.S. Census, birth and death certiﬁcates, and hospital discharge and ambulatory medical services data. Its objective is to present trends in key health status indicators over time for the American Indian and Alaska Native populations compared to all U.S. populations and regional differences in Indian health, comparing key health status indicators among the 12 IHS Areas/

Regions and the total U.S. population.

National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm

NAMCS is designed to provide information about the provision and use of ambula- tory medical care services in the United States. Data are collected during 1-week reporting periods for a random sample of visits to private, ofﬁce-based physicians who are primarily engaged in direct patient care. Data are obtained on patients’

symptoms, physicians’ diagnoses, medications ordered or provided, diagnostic pro- cedures, patient management, planned future treatment and demographic char- acteristics of patients. The survey was conducted annually from 1973 to 1981, in 1985, and annually since 1989.

National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)

• Afﬁ liation: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.cpsc.gov/library/neiss.html; www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/3002.

html

NEISS uses data collected from a sample of selected U.S. hospital emergency department visits involving an injury associated with consumer products to estimate the total number of product-related injuries treated in hospital emergency rooms nationwide. Web access to NEISS allows certain estimates to be retrieved on-line and can be customized by setting one or more variables for date, product, sex, age, diagnosis, disposition, locale, or body part.

National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm

NHAMCS is designed to provide information on the use and provision of ambula-

tory care services in hospital emergency and outpatient departments in the United

States. Data are collected from a systematic random sample of patient visits to the

emergency departments and outpatient departments of noninstitutional general

and short-stay hospitals during a 4-week reporting period. Information obtained

includes patient demographics, payment, patients’ complaints, physicians’ diag-

noses, services and procedures, causes of injury where applicable, and hospital

characteristics.

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National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Center for Health Statistics (CDC-NCHS)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/hdasd/nhds.htm

NHDS is a national probability survey that annually gathers information on charac- teristics of inpatients discharged from nonfederal, short-stay hospitals in the United States. The survey collects data from a national sample of approximately 270,000 inpatient records acquired from approximately 500 hospitals. Patient demograph- ics and administrative information, such as length of stay and discharge status, are collected manually by the hospital’s staff or by staff of the U.S. Bureau of the Census on behalf of NCHS, or through an automated system using machine-readable medical record data purchased from commercial organizations, state data systems, hospitals, or hospital associations.

Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS)

• Afﬁ liation: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

• Frequency: ongoing

• URL: www.cms.hhs.gov/oasis

OASIS is a component of Medicare’s home health care industry created to measure and assess home health care outcomes in adult (nonmaternity) patients. Data about selected attributes of health service use are collected as well as informa- tion on sociodemographics, health status, and functional status of home care patients.

Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) See “A3.4. Injury Deaths.”

Work-Related Injury Statistics Query System (Work-RISQS) See “A3.4. Injury Deaths.”

A3.7. MOTOR-VEHICLE-RELATED BEHAVIORAL INJURY DATA Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI)

See “A3.1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data.”

Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Highway Trafﬁc Safety Administration (NHTSA)

• Frequency: biennial

• URL: www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/research/occu_protection.html

MVOSS is conducted biennially by national telephone surveys. The survey is admin-

istered to a randomly selected national sample of about 6000 individuals age

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16 years or older and collects information concerning attitudes, knowledge, and behavior in different occupant protection and highway safety issues. Areas of inter- est include seatbelts, child safety seats, air bags, (bicyclist and motorcyclist) helmet use, emergency medical services, and crash injury experiences.

National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Highway Trafﬁc Safety Administration (NHTSA)

• Frequency: periodic

• URL: www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-01/summaries/4313ga.

html

NOPUS was created to estimate safety belt and child restraint use in the United States. Data were collected by observation from over 2000 intersections with trafﬁc lights or stop signs. The goal of NOPUS is to promote a better understanding of occupant safety protection use to evaluate current restraint use programs and develop new programs.

A3.8. MOTOR-VEHICLE-RELATED INJURY DATA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

See “A3.4. Injury Deaths.”

National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS)

• Afﬁ liation: National Highway Trafﬁc Safety Administration (NHTSA)

• Frequency: annual

• URL: www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/cds.html

Each year, NASS-CDS provides information on thousands of minor, serious, and fatal crashes across the country involving passenger cars, light trucks, vans, and utility vehicles. Data are collected by researchers who investigate crash sites, examine the vehicles involved, interview crash victims, and review medical records to determine the nature and severity of the injuries. The data are used by NHTSA to identify existing and potential traffic safety problems; assess vehicle crash performance, safety systems, and design; increase knowledge about the nature of crash injuries and the relationship between crash characteristics and the resultant injuries; and evaluate traffic safety programs and the effect of changes in traffic flow, such as increased large truck traffic.