Aagenaes type 233, 665 Abdominal baldness 80, 86 Abdominal wall varices 256 Abdominoscopy 149 Abetalipoproteinaemia 599 Acamprosat 536

(1)

A

Aagenaes type 233, 665 Abdominal baldness 80, 86 Abdominal wall varices 256 Abdominoscopy 149 Abetalipoproteinaemia 599 Acamprosat 536

Acanthosis nigricans 619 Accessory lobe 15 Aceruloplasminaemia 618 Acetaldehyde 64

Acetic acid injection 784 Acholic stool 240, 420 Aciclovir 465, 855 Acid-base metabolism 59 Acidophilic bodies 400 Acinus 9, 10, 22, 23 Acrodermatitis papulosa 84 Actin filament 27

Actinomycosis 482 Activity, enzymatic 110, 724

⫺ histological 121, 695

⫺ immunological 121

⫺ mesenchymal 110, 112, 724 Acute fatty liver, pregnancy

589 Acute heart insufficiency 827 Acute leukaemia 812 Acute liver failure 376, 550 Acute viral hepatitis 112, 404,

413 ⫺ history 413

⫺ morphology 414 Addiction memory 520 Addictive substances 523 Adefovir 704

Adenocarcinoma 789 Adenoma 132, 173, 180, 194,

548, 754

Adenovirus hepatitis 467 Adhesiolysis 152 Adhesion 151 Adrenalectomy 315

Adult polycystic disease 664, 761

Adult Still’s disease 819 Aerobilia 642

Aetiocholanolone fever 379, 738

Aflatoxin 507, 565, 570 African iron overload 627 African sleeping sickness 492 Agent orange 568

Alagille’s syndrome 664 Albumin 105, 308, 329

⫺ gradient 300 Alcohol 55, 59, 247, 520

⫺ abstinence 532, 536, 740

⫺ abuse 520, 626

⫺ addiction 520

⫺ biochemical effects 522

⫺ blood concentration 61

⫺ catalase 64

⫺ malate-aspartate cycle 63

⫺ MEOS 63, 523

⫺ Widmark’s formula 61 Alcohol dehydrogenase 62, 94,

523 Alcohol injection, percutane- ous 784, 801

Alcoholic fatty liver 529 Alcoholic foamy degeneration

530 Alcoholic hyaline 525 Alcoholic liver disease 520

⫺ clinical features 529

⫺ diagnostic markers 534

⫺ morphology 524

⫺ pathogenesis 527

⫺ therapy 536 Alcoholism 521

⫺ diagnostic markers 534

⫺ physical dependence 520

⫺ psychological dependence

⫺ types 521 520

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 64, 524

Aldolase 94 Aldolase A 778 Aldosterone 292, 293 Aldosteronism 267, 270, 293 Alemtuzumal 817

Algorithmic diagnostics 121 Alkaline phosphatase 101 Allgoewer-Burri index 399 Allopurinol, test 594 Alpha-antichymotrypsin 593 Alpha-antitrypsin 591, 665 Alpha-foetoprotein 106, 444,

778 ALT (GPT) 96

Alzheimer glia type II 269 Amanita phalloides 378, 383,

571 Amantadine 444, 708, 855 Amino acids 38, 39, 267

⫺ aromatic 38, 267, 729

⫺ classification 38, 39

⫺ imbalance 267, 729 Aminopyrine

¹⁴

C breath test

109 Ammonia 56, 107, 251, 266, 276, 859, 861

⫺ detoxification 38, 57, 58

⫺ glutamine cycle 58

⫺ metabolism 56

⫺ neurotoxicity 56

⫺ tolerance test 107, 725 Amoebiasis 486

⫺ abscess 193, 488

⫺ amoeboma 487 Amyloidosis 84, 477, 592 Anabolism 46

Anabolite 542 Anamnesis 76 Anasarka 289 Anatomia Mundini 8 Andersen’s disease 596 Androgens 46

Angiography 178, 252, 367 Angiolipoma 760

Angiomyolipoma 760 Angiosarcoma 793 Anorectal varices 256 Antibiogram 304

Antibodies 117, 118, 237, 552, 679

⫺ antihistone 121, 524, 619

⫺ antinuclear 118, 657, 679

⫺ antiribosomal P 654

⫺ granulocytes 121, 657

⫺ liver-kidney microsomes 119, 679

⫺ liver membrane 119, 679

⫺ mitochondria 120, 644

⫺ smooth muscle 117, 679

⫺ soluble liver protein 120, 679

Antidiuretic hormon 293 Anti-GOR 121, 443, 681, 700 Antioxidants 67, 68, 537 Antipyrine test 96 Antiquity 2

Antithrombin III 105, 345

⫺ concentrate 347

Antral vascular ectasia 348, 736

Apolipoproteins 44, 526, 535 APOLT 387, 876

Apoprotein B 599 Apoptosis 21, 230, 400 APUD cells 21, 794 Arenavirus 468 Arginine deiminase 786 Arias syndrome 221 Aristoteles 6 Aromatic amines 569

Aromatic amino acids 38, 267, 729

Arsenic 173, 564, 569 Arterial ligation 315 Arterial bruit 87 Arteriography 179

Arteriohepatic dysplasia 664 Arterioportal fistula 246, 834 Arteriosclerosis 838

Arthropathy 622 Ascaris lumbricoides 492 Ascites 7, 79, 131, 290, 381,

733, 869

⫺ bacterial peritonitis 302

⫺ differential diagnosis 299,

⫺ lymph cysts 291, 292 301

⫺ lymph imbalance theory 294

⫺ overflow theory 294

⫺ refractory 310

⫺ sonography 131, 298

⫺ surgical procedures 315

⫺ underfill theory 294

⫺ vasodilation theory 294 Asiaglycoprotein receptor 119,

679 Aspergillosis 507 AST (GOT) 96 Asterixis 274 Asteroid bodies 764 Atransferrinaemia 618 Atrial natriuretic factor 293 Atrophy, liver 78, 377 Atrophy, testicular 86 Australian antigen 113, 414 Autoimmune cholangitis 659

⫺ morphology 660

⫺ therapy 660

Autoimmune hepatitis 678

⫺ aetiopathogenesis 678

⫺ morphology 682

⫺ therapy 684

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 681

Azathioprine 650, 652, 685, 856

Azotaemia 326 Azure lunulae 613

B

Bacterial cholangitis 639 Bacterial infections 361, 380,

383, 731

Bacterial pathogens 474 Bacterial peliosis hepatis 398 Bacteriocholia 577, 638, 639 Balloon dilatation 659, 832 Balloon tamponade 358

⫺ Linton-Nachlas 358, 359

⫺ Sengstaken-Blakemore 358, 359

Ballooned hepatocytes 395, 525, 530, 546

Banti’s syndrome 247 BCLC classification 781 Beef-like cells 476 Benfotiamine 536

Bengal rose

¹³¹

iodine test 110 Benign recurrent cholestasis

233 Benign tumours 409, 548, 752

⫺ classification 752 Benzpyrene 570

Berlin-blue reaction 50, 619, 621

Beta blocker 359 Betaine 868 Bezafibrate 650

Bicarbonate neutralization 58,

⫺ acid-base metabolism 59 59

⫺ metabolic acidosis 58

⫺ metabolic alkalosis 59 Bifidum milk 279 Bile 10, 37

⫺ canalicular 37

⫺ ductular 37

⫺ salts 36

Bile acids 10, 35, 101, 236

⫺ function test 101

(2)

⫺ pool 36 Bile drainage 642 Bile droplets 546

Bile duct papillomatosis 763 Bile infarct 230

Bile pigments, urine 110

⫺ urinary dipstick 100 Bile thrombi 229, 546 Bile-duct adenoma 763 Bilharziosis 496 Biliary atresia 662

Biliary cirrhosis 646, 717, 721 Biliary hamartoma 763 Biliary leakage 158, 194 Biliary pneumonia 475 Biliary steatorrhoea 240 Biliary system 18

⫺ biliferous ductule 18

⫺ canaliculus 18

⫺ cholangiole 18

⫺ choledochus 6, 18

⫺ common hepatic duct 18 Biliary varices 257 Biliorenal syndrome 642 Bilirubin 11, 33, 99, 217

⫺ bilirubin-albumin complex

⫺ conjugated 217 33

⫺ delta 34, 99, 217

⫺ direct 34, 99

⫺ indirect 34, 99

⫺ shunt bilirubin 33 Bilirubinostasis 228, 229, 396 Bilirubinuria 100

Biliverdin 11, 33

Bioartificial liver systems 386 Biotoxometabolite 52, 55, 63,

377, 542, 565

Biotransformation 52, 53, 236,

⫺ enzyme adaptation 54 542

⫺ enzyme induction 55

⫺ enzyme inhibition 56

⫺ fat-soluble substances 52

⫺ glucuronidation capacity 53

⫺ water-soluble substances 52 Bipolar probe 351

Black liver jaundice 223 Black tea 625, 705, 852 Blastomycosis 507 Block surgery 363, 870 Blood sample collection 91 Body mass index 588 Booster effect 113, 422 Borreliosis 480 Bosentan 338, 736

Boswellinic acids 652, 659, 686 Botkin’s disease 413

Boutonneuse fever 481 Bowel purgation 351 Brain 200

⫺ disorders 200

⫺ functions 200, 264 Brain’s reward system 520 Branched-chain amino acids 38,

39, 267, 268, 280, 329, 729, 861

⫺ modes of action 861 Breast-milk jaundice 220 Bridging necrosis 401

Brimstone fibrosis 406, 479 Bromocriptine 281 Bromopyruvate 786 Bromsulphthalein test 110 Bronchial varices 257 Bronze diabetes 84, 617, 622 Brown atrophy 588

Brucellosis 480 B-symptomatology 816 Budd-Chiari syndrome 130,

193, 249, 548, 570, 813, 814, 830

⫺ clinical findings 830

⫺ morphology 830 Budesonide 686

Bull’s eye phenomenon 135, 779

Bunyavirus 468

Bupleurum 553, 705, 868 Burkholderia pseudomallei

482 Bush pattern 780 Butterfly sign 84, 647 Byler’s disease 234

C

Caffeine elimination test 109 CAGE test 534

Calcareous foci 765 Calcium homoeostasis 402 Campylobacter colitis 481 Cancer umbilicus 796 Candidosis 507 Capacity for work 881

⫺ guidelines for evaluation 882

⫺ reduction in earning capac- ity 882

Capecitabin 801 Capillaria hepatica 493 Capillarization, sinusoidal 406,

526, 720

Capillary permeability 291 Caput Medusae 87, 246, 256,

834 Carbamoyl phosphate 57 Carbohydrate metabolism 40

⫺ glucolysis 41

⫺ gluconeogenesis 41, 46

⫺ glucose paradox 41

⫺ glucose pool 41

⫺ glycogenesis 41

⫺ glycogenolysis 41 Carbohydrate-deficient

transferrin 535 Carbon pigment 397 Carbon tetrachloride 568 Carcinoid 795

Cardiac cirrhosis 739, 829 Cardiovascular diseases 826

⫺ morphology 827

⫺ pathophysiology 826 Caroli’s disease 174, 662, 762 Caroli’s syndrome 762 Carotene jaundice 216 Carrier, chronic, HBsAg 425 Catabolism 46, 729

Catabolite 542 Catalase 64

Catalase reaction 67 Catechin 868

Cat-scratch fever 398, 482 Caudate lobe 14, 16, 127, 130,

829, 830

Cavernous haemangioma 174, 177, 180

Cavernous transformation 130, 245, 835

Cavography 183 Cell death 400, 401

⫺ programmed 400

⫺ provoked 400

Cell hydrops 25, 210, 395, 525 Cell nucleus 25

Cellular polarization 21 Cellular transport processess

69 Celsus 6

Central hepatic vein 17, 22 Central hyaline fibrosis 407 Central vein lobule 22 Centrilobular perivenular fi-

brosis 407, 526

Centrocytic lymphoma 818 Cerebral functions 260, 264 Cerebral oedema 379, 384 Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome

234, 603

Cerebrotendinous xanthoma- tosis 599

Ceroid 397, 415, 588 Ceruloplasmin 50, 611, 614 Cestodes 497

Chagas’ disease 492

Chameleon phenomenon 134 Charcot’s triad 640

Check-list 75, 77, 88, 552, 724 Chemical lesion 54, 55 Chemical substances 564

⫺ historical review 564

⫺ morphology 566

⫺ pathophysiology 565 Chemoembolization 785 Chemotherapy 786, 791 Chenodeoxycholic acid 35,

599 Cherry red spots 354 Chiari’s disease 249, 833 Chiari’s triad 830 Chicken-wire fibrosis 406 Chilaiditi syndrome 15, 78 Childhood fibropolycystic dis-

ease 683

Child-Pugh criteria 354, 727, 783

Chinese herbs 553 Chinese liver fluke 494 Chlamydia 481 Chlorambucil 650 Chloroquine 488, 610 Cholangiocellularcarcinoma

495, 657, 788

⫺ clinical features 790

⫺ morphology 789 Cholangiodysplasia 247, 661

⫺ aetiopathogenesis 662

⫺ cholangiogenesis 661 Cholangiography 183

⫺ direct 183, 642

⫺ indirect 183 Cholangitis 638

⫺ acute 640

⫺ aetiology 639

⫺ ascending 638

⫺ autoimmune 659

⫺ chronic 640

⫺ chronic non-suppurative de- structive 645

⫺ descending 638

⫺ morphology 641

⫺ parasitic 639

⫺ tuberculous 477 Cholate stasis 229 Choledochal cyst 175 Cholehepatic shunt 36, 858 Cholelithiasis 640, 657, 738

⫺ cholesterol-calcium pigment 640

Chole´mie simple familiale 221 Cholestasis 194, 228, 526, 533,

546, 656

⫺ bile acids 9, 10, 35, 101, 236, 579

⫺ bile infarct 230

⫺ bile lake 230

⫺ bile thrombi 229

⫺ biliary steatorrhoea 240

⫺ bilirubinostasis 228

⫺ cholate stasis 229

⫺ enzymatic markers 101, 236

⫺ feathery degeneration 230, 236, 416, 546

⫺ intrahepatic 229, 230

⫺ liver cell rosette 229, 401, 416, 682

⫺ malabsorption 240, 741

⫺ obstructive 228, 230

⫺ pregnancy 232

⫺ pruritus 85, 232, 235, 241, 650, 658

⫺ scratch marks 85, 232, 235 Cholestatic course 416, 421,

432, 448, 403

Cholestatic syndrome 533 Cholesterol 10, 35, 45, 102 Cholesterol ester storage 396,

598 Cholestyramine 233, 241, 650 Cholic acid 35

Cholinesterase 103 Chondroma 760 CHOP 818 Chromium 51

Chronic heart insufficiency 828

Chronic hepatitis 111, 393, 613, 692

⫺ clinical findings 697

⫺ cryptogenic 682, 696

⫺ extrahepatic manifestations 698

⫺ grading 694

⫺ lobular 692

⫺ minimal 692

⫺ morphology 692

⫺ necrotizing 692

⫺ non-viral 693, 696

(3)

⫺ persistent 692, 694

⫺ scoring systems 695

⫺ septal 692

⫺ siderophile 620

⫺ staging 694

Chronic hepatitis B 699

⫺ classification 702

⫺ immunostimulants 705

⫺ morphology 699

⫺ nucleoside analogues 704

⫺ therapy 702 Chronic hepatitis C 700

⫺ morphology 700

⫺ therapy 706

⫺ triple therapy 708

Chronic liver insufficiency 381

⫺ compensated 381

⫺ decompensated 381

⫺ global 381

⫺ partial 381

⫺ therapy 382, 384

Chronic lymphatic leukaemia 817

Chronic myeloid leukaemia 813

Chronic non-suppurative de- structive cholangitis 643, 645

Churg-Strauss vasculitis 820 Chvostek’s body type 80 Chylomicrons 42 Chylous ascites 300 Cirrhosis 129, 160, 177, 180,

192, 248, 407, 716

⫺ aetiology 720

⫺ atrophic 717, 719

⫺ Child-Pugh 727

⫺ complete 720

⫺ cryptogenic 721

⫺ decompensation 722, 723

⫺ endoscopy 727

⫺ evaluation programme 744

⫺ hypertrophic 717

⫺ incomplete septal 718, 720

⫺ laboratory findings 724

⫺ laparoscopy 157, 160, 726

⫺ macronodular 408, 718

⫺ micronodular 408, 527, 718

⫺ mixed nodular 408, 719

⫺ morphology 717

⫺ psychological guidance 742

⫺ Nagayo type 718

⫺ postdystrophic 408, 720

⫺ smooth 248, 408, 717 Circulating immune complex

117 Cirrhotic glomerular sclerosis 734

Clay pipe-stem fibrosis 247, 406, 497

Clearance function, RES 65 Clevudine

Clinical studies 56, 537, 844, 845, 850

⫺ cohort 845

⫺ comparability 846

⫺ controlled 845

⫺ difficulties 846

⫺ placebo 846

⫺ prospective 845

⫺ retrolective 845

⫺ retrospective 845

⫺ trohoc 845 CLIP score 781 Clonorchis sinensis 494 Clostridium 481 Cluster sign 513 Coagulation 104, 342

⫺ cascade system 104, 343

⫺ factors 104

Coagulation necrosis 400, 717 Coagulopathy 342, 382

⫺ DIC 344

⫺ fibrinolysis 342

⫺ therapy 346 Cobalt 51

Coccidioidomycosis 508 Coelioscopy 149 Cohort 845

Colchicine 537, 650, 658, 868 Collagen 404, 416

Collateral circulation 253 Colliquation necrosis 400 Colloidosmotic pressure 290,

291 Colombi index 105, 344 Colour-encoded duplex sono-

graphy 137, 726 Coma hepaticum 214, 276,

376, 381

⫺ check-list 274

⫺ electrolyte coma 376

⫺ endogenous 277, 376

⫺ exogenous 277, 376

⫺ profile 274

Comet-tail phenomenon 513 Common bile duct 18 Common hepatic artery 16 Complaints 77, 723, 777 Complete responder 703 Computer tomography 170,

707, 779

⫺ grew liver 172

⫺ Hounsfield unit 170

⫺ principle 170

⫺ volumetry 171

Congenital hepatic cyst 132 Congenital liver fibrosis 247,

663 Congestion index 251 Congestive heart failure 129,

828 Congestive fibrosis 829 Coniothyrium 509 Conjugated bile acids 35 Conjugated bilirubin 34, 217,

223 Connective tissue 10, 19 Consensus IFN

_α

854 Constrictive pericarditis 832 Conversion syndrome 661 Copper 50, 102, 611, 614 Coproporphyrin 35 Corbicula portalis 23 Cori’s disease 596 Corpus Hippocraticum 6 Cotton wool sign 758 Councilman body 396, 400,

468, 693

Cowdry type 396, 465

Coxsackie hepatitis 467 Crane hepatitis 423

Crigler-Najjar syndrome 221 Critical flicker frequency 203 Cross circulation 384

Cruveilhier-v. Baumgarten dis- ease 87, 245

Cruveilhier-v. Baumgarten syn- drome 87, 130, 155, 245, 353, 834

Cryoglobulinaemia 698 Cryosurgery 783, 800 Cryptococcosis 508 Cryptosporidiosis 489 Crystalloid solution 350 Cupruria 614

Cyclophosphamide 686, 856 Cyclosporine 650, 686, 732,

856 Cynara scolymus 868 Cyst 132, 178, 761 Cystadenocarcinoma 791 Cystadenoma 762 Cystic fibrosis 602 Cystinosis 594 Cytochrome P-450 53 Cytomegalovirus 466 Cytoplasm 25 Cytoplast 28 Cytoskeleton 27 Cytosol 25

D

Dacie’s syndrome 213 Dane particle 113 Dark liver 129, 623 Dark liver cell 25 Darlrymple’s sign 86 Darrow-Yanett principle 289 Debre’ s syndrome 599 Decholine test 181 Decompensation 381

⫺ metabolic 723

⫺ portal 381, 722

Deferoxamine 99, 554, 623, 625

Dehydration 289 Deiodase 51

Delta-aminolaevulinic acid 35 Delta-bilirubin 34, 217, 236 Dengue fever 469

Dentistry, hepatitis 429 Denver shunt 311 Deoxycholic acid 36 DeRitis quotient 95 Des- γ-carboxyprothrombin

725, 739, 779 Desmopressin 144 Desmopressin acetate 347 Desmosome 21

Desmoteric infection 428 Diabetes mellitus 589, 622,

729 Diacytosis 70 Diagnosis 74

⫺ accuracy 76, 92

⫺ detailed 74, 76, 161

⫺ early 74

⫺ pillars 75

⫺ rational 74

⫺ targets 75 Diaita 6

Diaplacental infection 382 Diazo reaction 99, 217, 219,

222 Diazoxide 801

Dicrocoelium dentriciticum 495 Diet 741, 771, 850

Dimethyl sulphoxide 593 Dioxin 565, 568 Direct bilirubin 34, 99 Disability 882 Disorientation 264 Disseminated intravascular

coagulopathv 344 Disse’s space 18, 19 Disulfiram 523 Diuretics 270, 306, 307

⫺ resistance 308

⫺ sequential nephron block- ade 308

⫺ side effects 308 Documentation sheet 275,

278, 305, 733, 852 Dolichol 535

Donnan equilibrium 289 Dopamine 268, 329, 384 Doppler sonography 137, 251 Doss porphyria 607

Double-barrelled-gun phenom- enon 131, 237

Double-flow principle 16 Double wheel structure 514 Downhill varices 255 Dropsy 6

Drug therapy 853

⫺ efficacy 846

⫺ marketability 846

⫺ metabolism 828

⫺ placebo 846

⫺ quality 846

⫺ safety 846

Drug-induced liver damage 111, 416, 542

⫺ clinical aspects 551

⫺ idiosyncratic 544

⫺ immunological type 544

⫺ metabolic type 544

⫺ morphological reactions 544

⫺ pathogenesis 543

⫺ re-exposure trial 551

⫺ withdrawal trial 554 Drumstick fingers 86, 336, 337 Dubin-Johnson syndrome 222,

421 Duck hepatitis virus 423 Ductal plate malformation

662 Ductopenia 546, 665, 666 Ductular bile 38

Ductus venosus 9 Duodenal varices 357 Dupuytren’s contracture 83 Durio Zibethinus 60 Dwarf threadworm 494 Dyscrasia 6

Dysontogenetic cyst 174

Dysplastic lesions 409, 777

Dysproteinaemia 105

(4)

E

Ebola virus 469 Ecchymosis 86 Echinococcus 497

⫺ alveolaris 134, 174, 180, 497, 500

⫺ cysticus 174, 497

⫺ oligarthus 497

⫺ vogeli 497

ECHO virus hepatitis 467 Eck’s fistula 264, 278 Ecstasy 571

Ectopic varices 257, 737 EEG 200, 272, 275, 276

⫺ endogenous evoked 201, 276

⫺ P-300 wave 201, 276

⫺ spontaneous 200, 276

⫺ visual evoked 201, 276 Effector hormones 46 Effemination 80 Ehrlichiosis 476 Eicosanoid 44, 45

Electrohydrothermoprobe 352 Electrolyte balance 288 Embryonal sarcoma 792 Emperipolesis 401, 682 Empirical therapy 844 Emtricitabine 705

Encephalopathy 200, 264, 378, 381, 732

⫺ amino acids 267

⫺ ammonia 266

⫺ asterixis 274

⫺ benzodiazepine 268

⫺ brain oedema 269, 379

⫺ clinical forms 270, 273

⫺ coma check-lists 274

⫺ coma hepaticum 214, 276, 376, 381

⫺ documentation sheet 275, 278, 305, 733, 852

⫺ flapping tremor 274

⫺ flumazenil 281

⫺ gliopathy 269

⫺ Golytely solution 278

⫺ Helicobacter pylori 56, 62, 266, 531, 733

⫺ hepatic foetor 87, 267, 379

⫺ lactulose 279, 858

⫺ mannitol solution 278

⫺ morphology 269

⫺ ornithine aspartate 279

⫺ pathogenesis 265

⫺ portacaval myelopathy 273

⫺ protein intake 269, 278, 741

⫺ proton MR spectroscopy

⫺ psychometric test pro- 272 gramme 202, 273, 275, 276 Endemic spotted fever 481 Endocrinopathy 622 Endocytosis 70 Endogenous ligands 54 Endophlebitis obliterans 497,

833 Endoplasmic reticulum 27

⫺ rough 26, 40

⫺ smooth 26, 53, 55, 210, 394, 524, 544

Endosonography 138

Endothelial cells 20 Endothelialitis 878 Endothelin 294, 338 Endotoxin 65, 229, 294, 571,

737 Enemas 277, 351 Energy balance 728 Entamoeba histolytica 486 Entecavir 705

Enteral feeding 850

Enterohepatic circulation 12, 34, 36, 100

Enzymes 93

⫺ adaptation 54

⫺ classification 92

⫺ elevation 94

⫺ enzymatic activity 110

⫺ enzyme code (EC) 93

⫺ enzyme distortion 94

⫺ enzyme elimination 94

⫺ enzyme pattern 94, 103, 552

⫺ enzyme ratios 95, 552

⫺ induction 55

⫺ inhibition 56

Eosinophilic granulomatous vasculitis 820

Epithelioid haemangioendo- thelioma 792

Epoprostenol 338, 736 Epoxide 54

Epping disease 565, 569 Epstein-Barr virus 464

⫺ fatigue syndrome 465 ERC 183, 642, 656

Erythema diffusum hepaticum 84

Erythropoietic porphyria 605 Escape phenomenon 293 Escherichia coli 475 Essential phospholipids 383,

537, 587, 706, 742, 865

⫺ cytoprotective effects 865

⫺ indications 866

⫺ membrane functions 866

⫺ modes of action 865, 866 Ethacrynic acid 307 Ethanol injection 784 Eucrasia 6

Euler-Liljestrand reflex 335 Exanthema 84

Exchange transfusion 384 Exocytosis 70

Exotic hepatotropic viruses 468

Explorative laparoscopy 150, 781

Extracellular matrix 18, 403 Extramedullary haemopoiesis

812 Eye changes 85

F

Fabri’s disease 600 Facies cirrhotica 80 Factor VIII 104 Factor XIII 347

Falciform ligament 14, 16, 127, 153, 171

Facultative hepatotoxins 544

Famciclovir 705, 855 Familiar quotations 5 Fanconi’s syndrome 593, 594,

597 Fasciola hepatica 495 Fasciolopsis buski 496 Fat cysts 526, 581 Fat embolism 534, 586 Fatigue 235, 464, 647, 696,

724, 816, 819

Fat-soluble vitamins 47, 650, 730

Fat storing cells 20

Fatty acid-binding protein 44 Fatty acid-synthesis 44 Fatty degeneration 580, 582 Fatty infiltration 580 Fatty liver

⫺ acute, pregnancy 589

⫺ cryptogenic 583

⫺ fat cysts 526, 581

⫺ fat embolism 534, 586

⫺ fatty infiltration 580

⫺ focal 132, 173, 581, 585, 759

⫺ macrovesicular 580

⫺ microvesicular 545, 582, 589, 590

⫺ morphology 580

⫺ pathogenesis 580 Faulty nutrition 587 Feathery degeneration 236,

416, 546

Felty’s syndrome 819 Fenestra 20

Fenton reaction 67 Ferritin 50, 98, 397, 623 Ferrochelatase 35, 603, 604 Fever 156, 379, 738 Fibrinogen 104, 342, 347 Fibrinolysis 342

Fibrogenesis 21, 403, 526, 720 Fibrolamellar carcinoma 788 Fibronectin 301

Fibrosarcoma 794

Fibrosis 112, 157, 405, 526, 694

⫺ brushwood-like 406

⫺ centrilobular perivenular 407, 526

⫺ centrilobular 406

⫺ clay pipe stem 406

⫺ holly leaf 406

⫺ marker 111

⫺ periductular 406

⫺ periportal 406, 527

⫺ perisinusoidal 406, 526

⫺ perivenous 407

⫺ portal 406, 547

⫺ septal 407, 720

Fibrotic cholestatic hepatitis 432

Fibrous histiocytoma 794 Fibrous tumour 760 Filoviruses 468 Filtration pressure 290 Fine-needle biopsy 136, 149,

197, 739, 753, 759, 781, 799 Finger clubbing 86, 336 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

88, 467, 475, 481 Five-finger rule 572

Flapping tremor 274 Flare-up 699, 703 Flavin icterus 80, 216 Flaviviridae 468

Flow diagram 75, 176, 196, 224, 239, 642

Fluctuation wave 79 Flumazenil 281, 733 Fluorouracil 801

Flushing syndrome 62, 64, 523 Fly agaric liver 765

Foam cells 478, 590, 598, 599 Focal fatty infiltration 132,

173, 581, 585, 759 Focal lesions 173, 180, 193 Focal nodular hyperplasia

133, 173, 178, 180, 194, 549, 755

Forbes subtype 596 Forbes-Hers subtype 596 Forceps biopsy 157, 754, 781 Francisella tularense 481 Free fatty acids 44 Free radicals 66 Frerichs 11, 12

Fresh frozen plasma 346, 351 Ftorafur 801

Friction rub 87

Fructose intolerance 597 Fucosidosis 602

Fulminant liver failure 271, 378, 416, 421, 432, 449, 466, 467, 550, 613 Funnel-shaped liver 406, 716 Furosemide 307

G GABA 268 Galactosaemia 596 Galactose 787, 802

⫺ elimination capacity 108, 585, 596, 725, 740

⫺ test 595, 596 Galenos 7

Gall-bladder carcinoma 159 Gamma globulin 110 Gamma glutamyl transferase

97, 524, 535

Gamna-Gandy nodule 253 Ganciclovir 466, 467, 855 Gangliosidosis 601 Gap junctions 21

Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase 62

Gastrinoma 794 Gastric varices 357 Gastrin 326

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage 347

⫺ lower 366

⫺ upper 347

Gaucher cells 396, 600 Gaucher’s disease 599 GB viruses 449

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome 84, 430

Giant cell arteriitis 814 Giant-cell hepatitis 417, 466,

467, 491

(5)

Giant gall-bladder staghorn 766

Giant mitochondria 395, 525, 530, 545

Gierke’s disease 595 Gilbert-Meulengracht syn-

drome 221 Glasgow scale 274 Gliopathy 269 Glisson 9

⫺ Glisson’s capsule 9, 18, 19

⫺ Glisson’s triangle 9, 18, 19, 22

glomangioma 760 Glucagon 46

⫺ test 595, 597 Glucocerebroside 600 Glucocorticoids 46, 685, 855 Glucolysis 41

Gluconeogenesis 41, 46 Glucose tolerance factor 51 Glucose-alanine cycle 39 Glucostate 40, 728

Glutamate dehydrogenase 90 Glutamine cycle 58

Glyceryl trinitrate 360 Glycogen 41

Glycogen storage disease 595 Glycogen vacuolation of nu-

clei 396, 526, 581, 589, 596, 611, 620

Glycogenolysis 41, 729 Glycoproteins 40 Glycyrrhiza glabra 868 Goat’s milk, raw 742 Golgi complex 26, 27 Golytely solution 278, 351 GOT (AST) 96

Gout 589 GPT (ALT) 96 Grading 694

Granular swelling 525 Granuloma 398, 487, 488, 489,

491, 496, 547, 764

⫺ eosinophilic 399

⫺ epithelioid 764

⫺ fibrin-ring 422

⫺ foreign-body 398

⫺ immune 398

⫺ lipophagic 525

⫺ lipogranuloma 398 Granulomatosis infantiseptica

480 Granulomatous hepatitis 399, 466, 467

Grey liver 585 Griseofulvin 570

Ground squirrel hepatitis 423 Ground-glass cell 114, 396,

424, 544, 699, 777 Gumma 479 Gynaecomastia 83 Gyromitrin 571

H

Haber-Weiss reaction 67 Haem 33, 34, 603

Haemangioma 133, 195, 757 Haemarginate 607, 864

Haematemesis 348, 354, 736 Haematoma 133, 146, 174,

180 Haemoabsorption 385 Haemobilia 146, 180 Haemochezia 366

Haemochromatosis 84, 173, 177, 617, 852

⫺ arthropathy 622

⫺ bronze diabetes 84, 622

⫺ cardiomyopathy 622

⫺ clinical findings 622

⫺ deferoxamine test 99

⫺ endocrinopathy 622

⫺ morphology 620

⫺ neonatal 618

⫺ pathogenesis 619

⫺ therapy 624 Haemoclips 352 Haemocystic spots 354 Haemofiltration 385 Haemolysis 91, 218, 614, 814 Haemoperfusion 384 Haemopexin 50

Haemorrhage 346, 382, 869

⫺ ecchymosis 86

⫺ lower gastrointestinal 366

⫺ petechia 86

⫺ purpura 86

⫺ suffusion 86

⫺ suggilation 86

⫺ upper gastrointestinal 347

⫺ varices 352

⫺ vibices 86

Haemosiderin 50, 619, 626 Haemotopoietic system 812 Haemozoin 490

Hair changes 80 Hairy cell leukaemia 817 Haller 10

Haller’s tripod 16 Halo sign 135, 779 Halogenated hydrocarbons

567 Hamartoma 84, 760

Handwriting-specimen test 203 Harris-Benedict equation 851 Haruspices 5

Head-out water immersion 329

Health awareness 880 Heater technique 351 Helicobacter pylori 56, 62,

266, 531, 733 Helminthiasis 492 Helvella esculenta 571 Hepadnavirus 423 Hepar lobatum 15, 480 Hepar succenturiatum 15, 612 Hepatic artery 16, 836

⫺ aneurysm 836

⫺ arteriosclerosis 838

⫺ disorders 836

⫺ occlusion 837

Hepatic blood flow 17, 244 Hepatic brucelloma 480 Hepatic foetor 87, 267, 379 Hepatic hydrothorax 298, 734,

736 Hepatic porphyria 603

⫺ acute intermittent 606

⫺ cutanea tarda 607

⫺ Doss porphyria 607

⫺ erythropoietic 605

⫺ hereditary coproporphyria

⫺ PB-synthase defect 607 607

⫺ variegate 607

Hepatic triglyceride lipase 44 Hepatic vein 17

Hepatic volume fraction 377 Hepatitis A virus 112, 113, 418

⫺ clinical findings 420

⫺ immunization 422

⫺ pathogen 112, 418

⫺ serology 113, 116, 420 Hepatitis B virus 113, 423

⫺ chronic carrier 425

⫺ clinical stages 430

⫺ ground-glass cell 114, 396, 424, 544, 699, 777

⫺ immunization 434

⫺ pathogen 113, 116, 423

⫺ serology 423

⫺ specific courses 425

⫺ therapy 436

⫺ variants 425

Hepatitis C virus 115, 439

⫺ clinical stages 442

⫺ genotypes 115, 439

⫺ morphology 442

⫺ pathogen 439

⫺ serology 115, 440 Hepatitis D virus 116, 445

⫺ pathogen 445

⫺ serology 446

Hepatitis E virus 117, 447 Hepatitis G virus 117, 449 Hepatitis mononucleosa 464 Hepatitis NANE 449

Hepatitis oedematosa 297, 436 Hepatoblastoma 792

Hepatocellular carcinoma 134, 175, 433, 534, 624, 698, 739, 774, 775

⫺ bull’s eye 779

⫺ bush pattern 780

⫺ chemoembolization 784, 785

⫺ consensus conference 782

⫺ morphology 703

⫺ score/classification 781

⫺ spontaneous regression 782

⫺ sunburst sign 780 Hepatocytes 21

⫺ cellular polarization 21

⫺ desmosome 21

⫺ gap junctions 21

⫺ tight junctions 21 Hepatoerythropoietic por-

phyria 610

Hepatojugular reflux 829 Hepatomegaly 78

Hepato-ovarian syndrome 731 Hepatopathy 74, 103, 392 Hepatopexy 315, 869 Hepatoportal sclerosis 835 Hepatopulmonary syndrome

334, 734

⫺ clinical aspects 336

⫺ pathogenesis 334

Hepatorenal glycogenosis 595 Hepatorenal syndrome 324,

382, 734

⫺ azotaemia 326

⫺ hyponatraemia 326

⫺ oliguria 326

⫺ pseudohepatorenal 327

⫺ resistance index 326 Hepatoscopy 2, 150

⫺ clay model 3, 4

⫺ haruspices 5

⫺ inspection of entrails 2

⫺ sacrificial priests 2 Hepatosis 398, 404, 468 Hepatotesticular syndrome 731 Hepatotoxins 542

⫺ facultative 544

⫺ obligate 543

Hepatovenous pressure gradi- ent 253

Herbal remedies 533, 864 Hereditary coproporphyria

607 Hereditary haemorrhagic tel- angiectasia 838

Hering’s canal 18 Heron hepatitis 423

Herpes virus hepatitis 465, 466 Hers’ disease 596

Herzberg-Potjan-Gebauer syn- drome 80

Hexachlorobenzene 565, 608 HGM-CoA reductase 45 High-density lipoproteins 43,

535 High-grade malignant NHL 818

Hippie hepatitis 416 Histiocytosis X 821

Histological activity index 695 Histon 2B antibody 121, 524,

619 Histoplasmosis 508 HIV 467

⫺ cholangiopathy 468, 639

⫺ hepatitis 467 HLA 621, 654, 678 Hodgkin lymphoma 814 Hoesch test 605

Holly leaf fibrosis 406, 620 Homer 5

Homocysteine 725 Homocystinuria 594

Homotaurocholic acid test 194 Hormones 45

⫺ classification 46 Hounsfield unit 170, 585 Hour-glass nails 86, 336, 337 Human albumin 351 Human parvovirus B19 467 Hunter’s syndrome 602 Hyaline bodies 396 Hyaline drops 395

Hyaline inclusion bodies 777 Hyaloplasm 25

Hyaluronan 725

Hybridization test 115

Hydatid cyst 132, 498

(6)

Hydrocarbon derivatives 568 Hydrophylic xenobiotics 52 Hydropic liver cell 25, 210,

395, 525, 546 Hydrostatic pressure 291 Hypalbuminaemia 106 Hyperaminoaciduria 613 Hyperammonaemia 107, 266,

594, 729

Hyperbilirubinaemia 100, 219 Hypercalciuria 613

Hypercholesterolaemia 103 Hyperdynamic circulation 244,

257, 722, 738 Hyperfibrinolysis 345 Hyperglycaemia 522 Hyperhydration 289 Hyperlipidaemia 522, 589 Hyperplasia of SER 544 Hypersplenism 213, 724 Hypertensive colonopathy 257 Hypertensive gastropathy 257,

736 Hypertrichosis 80

Hypertrophic osteoarthropa- thy 86, 336, 735

Hyperuricaemia 523 Hypoalphalipoproteinaemia

599 Hypocoagulability 345 Hypoglycaemia 522, 729 Hypogonadism 622, 731 Hyponatraemia 306, 308, 326,

328, 606 Hypotrichosis 80 Hypovitaminoses 730 Hypoxaemia 334, 336, 735

I

Icterus 6, 7, 8, 131, 216, 224, 236, 377, 546

⫺ carotene 216

⫺ flavin 80, 216

⫺ haemolysis 218

⫺ intermittens 221

⫺ intrahepatic 218

⫺ kernicterus 220, 221

⫺ melas 80, 216

⫺ neonatal 219

⫺ posthepatic 219

⫺ prehepatic 218

⫺ rubin 80, 216

⫺ scleral 80, 216

⫺ subicterus 216

⫺ verdin 80, 216 Imiglucerase 600

Imaging procedures 126, 170, 192, 513, 753

Immune deficiency 731 Immunization 422, 434 Immunocytoma 818 Immunoglobulins 110 Immunogram 110

Immunostimulants 705, 708, 857

Immunosuppressants 855, 877 Inability to earn 882

Incomplete responder 703 Indian childhood cirrhosis 616

Indirect bilirubin 34, 99 Indocyanine green test 108,

585, 725, 740 Indol 268 Indometacin 738 Industrial toxins 569

Infantile haemangioendotheli- oma 759

Infantile sclerosis 588 Infectious mononucleosis 464 Inferior vena cava 17 Inflammatory criteria 778,

790, 797, 816

Inflammatory pseudotumour 765

Infrequent blinking 86 Initiation 776

Innsbruck coma scale 274 Inspection 79

Insulin resistance 584, 729 Insulin-glucagon quotient 44 Integrins 18

Intelligence 200

⫺ crystalline 200

⫺ fiuid 200

Interdisciplinary conference 782, 799

Interface hepatitis 693 Interferon 444, 687, 702, 707,

⫺ consensus 702, 854 853

⫺ lymphoblastoid 702, 854

⫺ modes of action 854

⫺ pegylated 702, 854 Interleukin 705 Interlobular artery 16 Interlobular vein 17 Intermediate filament 28 Intermittend porphyria 606 Intestinal varices 256, 737 Intestinal vasculopathy 257 Intoxication, chronic 571 Intranuclear inclusions 396 lonogram 288

Iris-diaphragm phenomenon 134, 174, 758

Iron 49, 98, 619, 705, 708

⫺ binding capacity 623

⫺ depletion 619, 624, 705

⫺ index 621, 623

⫺ low-iron diet 625, 705 Iron-copper constellations 102 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 94 Isohydria 289

Isotonicity 289 Isovolaemia 288, 289 Ito cells 20

J

Jamshidi needle 144, 147 Jaundice s. icterus Juberg-Clayton type 233

K

Kala-azar 489 Kalk’s point 154

Kallikrein-kinin System 293 Karyoplasm 25

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 759

Kayser-Fleischer corneal ring 85, 610, 612

Kernicterus 220, 221 Ketoacidosis 533, 589 Ketogenesis 42 Ketolithocholic acid 36 Ketone bodies 730 Kirros 716

Klatskin’s tumour 788 Koller’s test 105, 236 Kupffer cell 20 Kurorinone 705 Kwashiorkor 80, 84, 588

L

Laboratory diagnostics 90, 92, 299, 534, 778

⫺ algorithmic diagnostics 122

⫺ check-list 87, 93, 552 Labrea fever 396 Lacquered lips 83 Lactate dehydrogenase 97 Lactitol 279

Lactoferrin 50 Lactulose 279, 650 858

⫺ chemistry 858

⫺ modes of action 860

⫺ pharmacology 859 Lafora’s disease 602 Lambliasis 488 Lamivudine 704, 855 Langhans’ giant cell 476, 764 Laparoscopy 149

⫺ adiposity 153

⫺ children 153

⫺ cirrhosis/fibrosis 157, 160

⫺ diagnostic validity 144

⫺ extrahepatic findings 158

⫺ history 149

⫺ indications 135

⫺ serosa syndrome 152

⫺ technique 153 Large intestinal fluke 496 Large liver fluke 495 Laronidase 602 Lassa fever 469 Latent ascites 305

Latent HE 200, 270, 272, 732 Latent oedema 272, 290, 297,

305 Lattice fibre network 19 LDH/GOT ratio 95 L-Dopa 281 Lead 569

Leber-Haut-Zeichen 80 Lecithin-cholesterol-

acyltransferase 44 Lectin receptor 787 Leiomyoma 760 Leiomyosarcoma 793 Leishmaniasis 489 Lepra granuloma 478 Leptin 588

Leptospirosis 478 Leroy syndrome 602 Lethargy 264

Leucine arylamidase 102

Leukaemia, acute 812

⫺ chronic lymphatic 817

⫺ chronic myeloid 813

⫺ hairy cell 817

⫺ plasma cell 818 Leukotriene 644 LeVeen shunt 311

Li-Fraumeni syndrome 776 Ligandin 217

Light bulb sign 758 Limiting plate 20, 22, 23 Line-tracing test 205

Linton-Nachlas tube 358, 359 Lipid metabolism 42

Lipid peroxidation 64, 68, 401, 524, 587

Lipid topogenesis 44 Lipiodol 784

Lipoamide dehydrogenase 417 Lipofuscin 395, 397, 415, 545,

588 Lipogenesis 44, 730 Lipogranuloma 398 Lipoma 759

Lipophagic granuloma 525 Lipophilic xenobiotics 52 Lipoprotein X 106, 236 Lipoproteins 42, 44, 65, 236,

730 Liposarcoma 794 Lipotropic substances 587 Liquorice 305, 308 Listeriosis 480 Lithocholic acid 36 LITT 785, 800

Liver abscess 132, 175, 178, 488, 512, 763

⫺ cluster sign 513

⫺ comet-tail phenomenon 513

⫺ pathogens 512

⫺ target phenomenon 514 Liver biopsy 18, 142, 157, 585,

727 ⫺ children 147

⫺ history 142

⫺ outpatient biopsy 148

⫺ technique 144

⫺ transfemoral 142, 148

⫺ transjugular 142, 148 Liver capsule 18

Liver cell rosette 229, 401, 416, 682

Liver clay model 2, 3, 4 Liver collapse fibrosis 407 Liver function tests 92 Liver injury 872 Liver in shock 827 Liver insufficiency 376

⫺ decompensation 277, 376, 381

⫺ global 277, 376, 381

⫺ partial 277, 376, 381 Liver lobule 22 Liver palpation 6, 77 Liver resection 516, 782, 830

⫺ dorsocranial 871

⫺ functional reserve 870

⫺ hemihepatectomy 871

⫺ lobectomy 871

⫺ metastasectomy 800

(7)

⫺ segmentectomy 800, 871 Liver segments 9, 16, 128,

138, 871

Liver siderosis 526, 626 Liver stem cells 28 Liver stroma 18

Liver support system 384 Liver surface 14, 78 Liver therapy 847

⫺ active substances 848

⫺ aims 848

⫺ antidotes 848 Liver tongue 83

Liver transplantation 260, 316, 330, 337, 365, 537, 616, 626, 652, 659, 687, 708, 745, 783, 800, 832, 872

⫺ aftercare 879

⫺ APOLT 387, 876

⫺ endothelialitis 878

⫺ heterotopic 387,

⫺ immunosuppression 877

⫺ indications 873

⫺ infection 877, 879

⫺ living donation 387, 876

⫺ postoperative features 876

⫺ preoperative diagnostics 874

⫺ rehabilitation 881

⫺ relapse 878

⫺ shunt and TIPS 825

⫺ split liver 387, 876

⫺ transplant rejection 878

⫺ xenotransplantation 387 Liver weeping 291, 292 Lobar agenesis 15 Lobar atrophy 15 Lobucavir 855

Looser-Milkman syndrome 732

Losartan 360, 734

Low-density lipoproteins 43 Lower gastrointestinal bleed-

ing 366

Low-grade malignant NHL 817 Low-T3 syndrome 731 Lucey-Driscoll syndrome 220 Lumbar blockade 329 Lunulae 84

Lupoid hepatitis 678, 682 Lupus erythematosus 820 Luteoskyrin 570

Lutzner cell 818 Lycopenaemia 216 Lyme hepatitis 480 Lymphangioma 763

Lymph imbalance theory 294 Lymphadenopathy 133, 700 Lymphatic vessels 10, 18, 292,

812 Lymphcysts 257

Lymphoblastoid IFN 854 Lysosomes 26, 27, 611

M

Machinery murmur 246, 250 Magna form 487

Magnetic resonance imaging 176

Malabsorption 240, 658

Malaria 489

⫺ pigment 397, 490

⫺ prophylaxis 490

⫺ therapy 491

Malate-aspartate cycle 63 Malignant lymphoma 175, 795 Malignant tumour 178, 180,

409, 549, 772

⫺ classification 772

⫺ TNM staging 772 Mall’s space 18

Mallory’s body 229, 397, 525, 530, 701

Mallory-Weiss syndrome 736 Malnutrition 529, 587, 851 MALT 534, 795

Maltrozyne 570 Manganese 51, 269 Mannite solution 278 Mannitol 309, 329 Mannosidosis 602 Marburg virus disease 469 Marchand’s cirrhosis 718 Maroteauy-Lamy syndrome

602 MARS 330, 385, 537, 656 MAST 534

Mastocytosis 820

Matrix metalloproteinase 720 Mauriac syndrome 590 McCurdy cell 523

Mean corpuscular volume 534 Measles hepatitis 467 Medium-chain fatty acid 233,

650 Melaena 349, 366 Melas icterus 80, 216 Membrane 27

⫺ flip-flop 27

⫺ fluidity 27

⫺ hyperplasia 55, 394

⫺ laterial diffusion 27 Menghini biopsy 143, 144,

147, 149, 161 MEOS 63, 523 Mercaptan 267

Mesenchymal activity 110, 112 Mesenchymal hamartoma 760 Mesenchymal reaction 547 Mesenchymal tumour 773 Mesothelioma 670 Metabolic acidosis 58 Metabolic alkalosis 59 Metabolie disease 579, 852 Metabolism 32

⫺ decompensation 723

⫺ disorders 579

⫺ functions 32

⫺ heterogeneity 24, 32

⫺ periportal zone 33

⫺ perivenous zone 33 Metabolite 542 Metabonate 542 Metallothioneine 42 Metastasis 795

⫺ morphology 795

⫺ spontaneous regression 796

⫺ surgical therapy 800 Meteorism 79, 298, 381, 724 Methanol 523, 528

Methionine 267

Methotrexate 650, 658, 686, 856

Methylene blue 337, 736 Methylene dianiline 565, 569 Methylumbelliferone 53, 828 Metoclopramide 360 Metronidazole 281, 488, 489 Meyenburg complex 664, 763 MgSO

₄

solution 278 MHC system 678 Micelle formation 37 Microhamartoma 664 Microtrabecula 28 Microtubule 28 Microvilli 18 MIGET 336

Miliary tuberculosis 476 Mini-laparoscopy 162 Minimal hepatitis 416 Minnesota tube 358 Minuta form 487

Mirizzi syndrome 219, 639 Misoprostol 327

Misty mesentery 299 Mitochondria 26 Mitochondrial GOT 535 Mixed cryoglobulinaemia 698 Mixed tumour 773

Mn-SOD 644 Moist warmth 436

Molecular mimicry 645, 678 Molsidomine 259, 359, 360 Monoethylglycinexylidide test

109 Monopolar probe 351 Morphological lesions 92, 415,

544, 695, 717, 752 Morquio’s syndrome 602 Morrison’s pouch 131 Morula cells 396

Mount St. Helen’s sign 354 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

789 Mucolipidosis 602

Mucopolysaccharidosis 601 Mucormycosis 508 Mucoviscidosis 602, 655 Muehrke’s nail lines 82 Multiple myeloma 818 Muscle cramps 724 Mycobacterium 476 Mycophenolate mofetil 651,

686 Mycosis 506

Mycosis fungoides 817 Mycotoxin 570 Myelolipoma 759

Myeloproliferative syndrome 812

N

N-acetylcysteine 329, 383 NaCl-tolerance test 294 Nadolol 361

Nagayo type 718 Naloxone 233, 241 Natriuretic factors 293 N-butyl-cyanoacrylate 352,

356, 357 Necrapoptosis 401 Necrosis 400, 545

⫺ bridging 401

⫺ coagulation 400, 545

⫺ colliquation 400

⫺ confluent 401

⫺ piecemeal 401, 646

⫺ single-cell 401, 525, 545 Needlestick-injury 429, 545 Neisseria gonorrhoea 475 Nematodes 492

Neodymium YAG laser 352 Neomycin 280

Neonatal haemochromatosis 618

Neonatal jaundice 219 Nervous system 22 Neuroblastoma 799 Neuropsychological test 201,

272 Neurotensin 788 Newcastle infection 429 Nicotine acid test 222 Niemann-Pick disease 601 Nikolsky’s phenomenon 608 Nitrogen monoxide 296, 324,

334 Nitrovasodilator 360 Nodular periarteritis 838 Nodular regenerative hyperpla-

sia 134, 756 Nodule-in-nodule 779 Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis 583

⫺ diagnosis 585

⫺ morphology 584

⫺ pathogenesis 584

⫺ therapy 587

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 816 Non-Indian childhood cirrho-

sis 616

Non-responder 435, 436, 708 Non-specific reactive hepatitis

392, 467, 480, 489, 491, 497, 547, 692, 819 Noradrenaline 268, 294 North American Indian cirrho-

sis 665

Nosocomial infection 303, 419, 428, 441

Notifiable disease 112, 420, 426, 440

Nucleosides 704, 854 Nucleotidase 102

Number-connection test 204 Nutmeg liver 829

Nutrition 536, 741, 850

⫺ enteral 850

⫺ parenteral 742, 851

⫺ reference values 851

⫺ resting energy expenditure 851

⫺ special diets 852, 853

O Obesity 588

Obligate hepatotoxins 543 Obliterative hepatic endophle-

bitis 249

(8)

Occult blood 251, 349, 366 Occupational disease 429, 566 Ochratoxin 570

Octopamine 268

Octreotide 299, 329, 360, 786, 795, 801

Oedema 289, 381

Oesophageal varices 254, 352,

⫺ balloon tamponade 358, 737

⫺ endoscopy 354 359

⫺ endosonography 354

⫺ gastric varices 357

⫺ sclerotherapy 355

⫺ surgical treatment 362

⫺ variceal ligation 358

⫺ varices pressure 226 Oesophagogastroscopy 252,

354 Oestrogens 46 Old Testament 3, 5 Oliguria 326 Omentopexie 317 Omphaloportography 182 Open reading frame 113 Opisthorchis felineus 496 Opisthorchis viverrini 496 Opsonin 66

Organelle 26, 32 Organoscopy 149

Oriental cholangiohepatitis 640

Ornipressin 329

Ornithine- α-ketoglutarate 280 Ornithine aspartate 279, 351,

384, 743, 862

Ornithine carbamoyl transfer- ase 94

Ornithine cycle 57 Ornithosis 481 Orthodeoxia 336

Osler-Rendu-Weber disease 342, 838

Osmolality 289 Osmolarity 289 Osmotic diuretics 308 Osteomalacia 732 Osteomyelofibrosis 813 Osteopathy 240, 650, 657, 732 Osteoporosis 731

Osteosarcoma 794 Outlier syndromes 661 Overflow theory 294 Overlap syndrome 660, 681,

686 Owl’s eyes 466 Oxaliplatin 802 Oxidation reaction 53 Oxidative stress 68, 401 Oxygen consumption 17, 61,

244, 826 Oyster hepatitis 419

P

P-300 wave 272 Pain on pressure 78 Paints, varnishes 569 Palmar erythema 81

Palpation 6, 78, 79 Paltauf-Sternberg cell 814 pANCA 118, 657 Paper money skin 82 Papyrus Ebers 5 Paracelsus 8, 79, 883 Paracentesis 6, 309, 734 Paracetamol 378, 383 Paramyxovirus 467

Paraneoplastic symptoms 778 Parasitic cholangitis 639 Parasitic cysts 762 Parasitic infection 486, 790 Parchment skin 82 Parenchyma 6, 9, 22 Parenteral feeding 383, 851 Paromomycin 280 Parotid enlargement 80 Parotitis hepatitis 467 Paroxysmal haemoglobinuria

814 Partial nodular hyperplasia 757

Partial responder 703 Patellar chondromalacia 613 Paucity, bile ducts 662 Paul-Bunnel test 464

Pegylated IFN- α 444, 707, 854 Pel-Ebstein fever 815

Peliosis hepatis 398, 477, 763 Penicillamine 615, 650, 863 Pentad 640

Pentastomum denticulatum 494

Pentoxifylline 532, 537 Pepper’s syndrome 799 Percussion 79

Periarteritis nodosa 820 Pericholangitis 654

Perihepatitis gonorrhoica 475 Perinatal infection 427 Peripolesis 401 Periportal zone 33 Peritoneoscopy 149

Perisinusoidal functional unit 20

Perisplenitis cartilaginea 813 Peritoneal tuberculosis 159 Peritoneovenous shunt 311,

329, 869

Perivascular connective tissue 19

Perivenous zone 33 Perivenular fibrosis 407, 526 Perna disease 568

Peroxisome 26, 27, 64, 611 PET 195, 780

Petechia 86

Petren’s venous plexus 258 Pfaundler-Hurler syndrome

601 Phagocytosis 20, 65 Pharmacogenetics 52 Phenylethanolamine 268 Phlebography 182 Phlogogram 301 Phosphaturia 613

Phosphatydilcholine 383, 529, 537, 865

Phosphohexoisomerase 94

Phospholipidosis 545, 582 Phospholipids 44 Phosphorus 564, 569 Phototherapy 233 Phyllanthus 705, 868

Physical activity 536, 650, 732, 742

Phytotherapeutics 864 Phytotoxin 570 Pi nomenclature 591 Pick cell 601 Picornavirus 112, 418 Piecemeal necrosis 401, 646 Pigment calculus 614, 738, 814 Pigment cirrhosis 620 Pigmentation 84, 600, 613,

617 Pin cells 396 Pinguecula 86, 600 Pinocytosis 20 Piracetam 281 Pit cell 21 Placebo 845 Plantar erythema 81 Plasma cell leukaemia 818 Plasmapheresis 233, 384 Plasminogen 313 Plasmocytoma 818 Platon 5

Platypnoea 336

Pleural effusion 298, 736 Pleural spider naevi 335 Plexogenic arteriopathy 337,

735 Pneumoperitoneum 154 Poems syndrome 296, 310 Poisoning 572

⫺ five-finger rule 572

⫺ information centre 572 Polidocanol 352, 356 Polycystic liver disease, adult

132, 761

Polycythaemia vera 813 Polyendocrine syndrome 681 Polymerase-chain reaction 115 Polymyalgia rheumatica 819 Polymyositis 819

Pompe’s disease 595 Porcelain liver 675 Pores 20

Porphobilinogen 35, 608 Porphyria cutanea tarda 80,

84, 158, 607, 626 Porphyria, alcoholic 523 Porphyrias 603

Porphyrin 34

⫺ biochemistry 603

⫺ haem 33, 34

⫺ metabolism 34

⫺ red fluorescence 35 Portacaval anastomosis 315 Portacaval myelopathy 273 Portal biliopathy 258 Portal field 19

Portal hypertension 130, 155, 244, 534, 622, 648, 722

⫺ intrahepatic 246

⫺ posthepatic 249

⫺ prehepatic 245

⫺ presinusoidal block 246

⫺ postsinusoidal block 248

⫺ segmental 246

⫺ shunt operation 259

⫺ sonography 251

⫺ splenic infarction 253 Portal pressure 252 Portal tract 19

Portal vein 17, 155, 244, 833

⫺ anomalies 833

⫺ aneurysm 836

⫺ disorders 833

⫺ double-flow principle 16

⫺ thrombosis 130, 246, 813, 835 Portal vein amputation 130 Portal vein lobule 23 Portography 181

Portopulmonary hypertension 258, 735

Portosystemic encephalopathy 272

Posner test 202

Potassium canrenoate 306, 787, 876

Potassium sulphide 555 Potato liver 377, 718 PPSB 347

Prealbumin 40, 106 Prednimustine 652 Prednisolone 588, 595, 596,

639 Pregnancy 428, 433 Preventive medicine 881 Primary biliary cholangitis

120, 643

⫺ aetiology 643

⫺ clinical courses 646

⫺ complications 647

⫺ morphology 645

⫺ pathogenesis 644

⫺ therapy 650

Primary sclerosing cholangitis 653

⫺ aetiopathogenesis 654

⫺ clinical aspects 655

⫺ diagnosis 655

⫺ morphology 654

⫺ therapy 658 Probiotics 279 Procalcitonin 380

Procollagen-III-peptide 111, 526, 535, 829

Progesterone 46 Proliferation 717 Prometheus 5

Prometheus system 385 Proper hepatic artery 16 Propranolol 361 Prostaglandins 293 Protein 40

⫺ tolerance threshold 270, 278 Prothrombin 342

Proton MR spectroscopy 201, 272

Protoporphyrin 35 Protothecosis 508 Protozoiasis 486

Pruritus 85, 232, 235, 241, 650, 658

PSE syndrome test 203

Pseudoaldosteronism 868

(9)

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome 308 Pseudo-double-barreled gum

130 Pseudo-Gaucher cells 396 Pseudohepatorenal syndrome

327 Pseudo-parallel channel sign 531

Psittacosis 481

Psychometric tests 201, 202, 203, 275

⫺ critical flicker test 203, 276

⫺ handwriting-specimen 203

⫺ line-tracing 205

⫺ multiple choice device 202

⫺ number-connection 204

⫺ Posner test 202

⫺ serial-subtraction 205

⫺ SIP 202

⫺ star-construction 205

⫺ story-retelling 206

⫺ test programme 185, 202, 852

PTC 185 PTCS 186 Puddle sign 298 Pugh criteria 740 Purpura 86 Pylephlebitis 835 Pyridoxin deficiency 616 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids 570

Q

Quality of life 850 Quartan malaria 489 Quick’s value 105, 236, 658 Quadrate lobe 14, 16, 130 Q-fever 481

R RAAS 292 R-classification 783

Radiofrequency thermal abla- tion 785, 800

Reactive oxygen intermediate 66, 401

Recombinant IFN 854 Red fluorescence 158, 604 Red wall markings 354 Re-exposure trial 554 Refractory ascites 310 Refsum’s syndrome 234 Regeneration 5, 380, 402, 409,

415, 720, 871 Regenerative nodes 717 Rehabilitation 881

Renal natriuretic factor 293 Rendu-Osler-Weber disease

838 Resting energy expenditure 857

Reticulin 728

Reticuloendothelial system 64 Retinol ester 20

Retothelial nodule 397, 477 Retraction of the eyelid 86 Retroperitoneal varices 257 Retzius veins 257

Rex-Cantlie’s line 16 Reye’s syndrome 271, 589 Reynold’s pentad 640 Rhabdomyolysis 613 Rhabdomyosarcoma 793 Rheumatic arthritis 818 Rheumatoid factor 118, 819 Rhodanine 612

Ribavirin 707, 855 Ribosome 25, 40 Rickettsiosis 481 Riedel’s lobe 15, 78, 127 Rifampicin 241 Rift Valley fever 470 Rima coeci Halleri 15 Rituximab 817 RNA polymerases 40 Robbers forceps 157, 754, 781 Rochalimaea 482

Rocky Mountain spotted fever 481

Rotor syndrome 223

Rough endoplasmic reticulum 26, 40

Round ligament 14, 127, 171 Rubella hepatitis 467 Rubin icterus 80, 216

S

Sacrificial priest 2

S-adenosyl-L-methionine 225, 233, 241, 529, 537, 864 Saint’s venous plexus 258 Salad oil 565

Salmonellosis 476 Sanded nuclei 396 Sanfilippo’s syndrome 602 Sappey’s vein 87, 257 Sarcoidosis 399, 764 Saturnism 569

Scarred liver 377, 405, 716 Scavenger 67, 68, 537, 867 Schaumann bodies 764 Schistosomiasis 247, 496 Schizandra 705, 868 Schoenlein-Henoch disease

342 Schwannoma 760, 794 Scintigraphy 192, 367 Scleral icterus 80, 85, 216 Sclerosing hyaline fibrosis 526 Sclerotherapy 355

Scoring systems 695 Scratch auscultation 79 Scratch mark 85, 235 Screening enzyme 96 Sea-anemone phenomenon

131, 298

Sea-blue histiocytes 601 Secondary aldosteronism 270 Segmental portal hypertension

246 Segmental subdivisions 9, 16, 128, 138, 871

Selenium 51, 304, 436, 536, 787, 857

Self-help groups 883 Sengstaken-Blakemore tube

358, 359

SEN virus 451 Septa 407, 718 Septal fibrosis 407

Sequential nephron blockade 308

Serial-subtraction test 205 Serological markers 112, 116,

420, 423, 440, 446, 448 Serosa syndrome 152 Serotonin 268 Sertraline 233, 241

Sexually transmitted disease 427

Sezary syndrome 818 Sheep lice 437 Shigella 476 Shock liver 827 Sho-Saiko-To 868 Shunt operation 363, 870 Shunt-bilirubin 33 Siberian liver fluke 496 Sickle-cell anaemia 814 Siderin 415

Sideronecrosis 620 Siderophile hepatitis 620 Siderosis 526

Sieve plate 20 Silibinin 571, 867

Silvestrini-Corda syndrome 731

Silymarin 380, 537, 587, 625, 705, 867

Simian cleft 15, 612 Simvastatin 650 Sinusoidal cell 19 Sinusoids 12, 17, 19, 20 Sirolimus 877

Sjögren’s syndrome 819 Skin stigmata in liver diseases

80, 724 Skirros 6, 716

Smooth cirrhosis 248, 717 Smooth endoplasmic reticu-

lum 26, 53, 55, 210, 394, 524, 544

Smooth red tongue 82 Sociomedical aspects 880

⫺ disability 882

⫺ guidelines for evaluation 882

⫺ health awareness 880

⫺ inability to earn 881

⫺ preventive medicine 880

⫺ unfitness for work 881 Sodium benzoate 280 Somatostatin 360, 786, 863 Somnolence 264

Sonography 126, 298, 779, 797 Sopor 264

Sorbitol clearance 110 Sorbitoldehydrogenase 94 SPECT 200, 780 Speculative therapy 844 Sphingomyelin 601 Spider naevus 80 Spill-over effect 737 Spiral-CT 171

Spironolactone 83, 259, 293, 305, 306, 359, 743 Spleen 79, 212

Splendore-Hoeppli syndrome 397, 497

Splenic infarction 253, 724 Splenomegaly 79, 135, 212,

253 Splenoportography 181 Splenorenal varices 257 Spontaneous bacterial perito-

nitis 302

Spontaneous Talma 155, 256 Spring-summer encephalitis

hepatitis 467

SQUID biosusceptiometer 621, 623

Staghorn calculus 657, 766 Staging 694

Standard test meal 251 Staphylococcus 475 Star-construction test 205 Starling forces 288

Statutory maternal guideline 427

Steatosis 545

Stein-Leventhal syndrome 159 Stellate cell nodule 415, 547 Stent insertion 695 Stercobilin 34 Steroid hormone 46 Still’s disease 819 Storage diseases 579 Story-retelling lest 206 Streptococcus 475 Stress metabolism 729 Stroma 18

Strongyloides stercoralis 494 Stuart-Bras symdrome 248,

249, 832 Stupor 264 Subicterus 216 Sublingual varices 257 Suffusion 86

Sugar-icing spieen 813 Suggillation 86

Sulpholithocholic acid 36 Summerskill-Tygstrup type

233 Sunburst sign 780

Sunflower cataract 85, 610, 613

Superoxide dismutase 67 Syphilis 479

Syphiloma 479 Systematization 392

T

Tacrolimus 686, 856 Tangier disease 599

Target phenomenon 135, 514 Tarry stool 6, 349, 366 Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid

651 Telangiectasis 82, 838 Telbivudine (L-dT) 705 Tenofovir 705

Terlipressin 329, 360, 737, 863

Terminal hepatic vein 17, 23

Tertian malaria 489

Testicular atrophy 86, 622

(10)

Thalassaemia 814 Thalidomide 818 Therapy 844

⫺ adjuvant measures 786, 791,

⫺ drug therapy 853 802

⫺ empirical 844

⫺ mythological 844

⫺ speculative 844 Thermotherapy 785 Thesaurismoses 579 Thin spot 354 Thioacetamide 564 Thioredoxin 588 Thorotrast 564, 569 Thrombocytopenia 343 Thrombocytosis, essential 813 Thromboplastin time 105 Thymosin- α 705, 857 Thyroid hormone 46 Tight junctions 21

TIPS 259, 314, 329, 337, 362, 869

TNM staging 155, 773 Togavirus 464 Torasemide 307 Torres bodies 396, 468 Torsade de points 355, 356 Torulopsosis 508

Toxocariasis 494 Toxoplasmosis 491 Trace elements 49 Trail-making test 204 Transaminase 95, 96 Transarterial radiation 785 Transcuprin 611

Transcytosis 396, 468 Transferrin 50, 619, 623 Transport protein 40 Transthyretin 592 Trematodes 494

Treponema pallidum 479 Tricarboxylic-acid cycle 39 Trichinella spiralis 494 Trichosporosis 508 Triethylene tetramine 616 Triglyceride 44, 579 Trohoc 845

Tropheryma whippeli 481

Tropical juvenile cirrhosis 588

Tropical malaria 489 Tru-Cut needle 144, 157, 161 Trypanosomiasis 492 Tryptophan 39, 268 TT virus 450 Tuberculoma 477

Tuberculosis 133, 158, 175, 476

Tuberculous pseudocirrhosis 477

Tularaemia 481 Tumour marker 797 Tumour-suppressor gene 776 Turkish non-syndromic pau-

city 665 TVC 186

Tympanic intestinal resonance 79

Tyrosinaemia 593

U

Ubiquitin 525 Ubiquinone 742

Ullrich-Scheie syndrome 601 Ultrastructural heterogeneity

24 Underfill theory 294 Undernourishment 529 Unfit to drive 273 Unfitness for work 881 Uniporter 69

Uphill varices 254

Upper gastrointestinal bleed- ing 347

Urea cycle 56, 57, 266, 594,

⫺ enzyme deficiency 271 862

⫺ ornithine aspartase 862 Urinary dipstick 100 Urobilin 34

Urobilinogen 34, 100 Urobilinogenuria 100, 725 Uroporphyrin 35

Ursodeoxycholic acid 36, 233, 241, 437, 587, 651, 658, 686, 687, 705, 857

⫺ modes of action 858

⫺ pharmacology 857 UV fluorescence 35, 145, 158,

604 V

Vaccination 422, 434, 702 Vagus shock 145 Valsalva’s manoeuvre 131 Vancomycin 281

Vanishing bile-duct 232, 662 Variceal ligation 358 Varicella-zoster hepatitis 466 Varices 254, 352

Variegate porphyria 607 Vascular reactions 548 Vascular star 755 Vasodilation theory 294 Veins of Retzius 257 Veins of Sappey 257 Venesection 624, 705 Veno-occlusive disease 130,

249, 548, 570, 813, 832 Venous hum 87, 834 Ventroscopy 149 Verdin icterus 80, 216 Veres canula 153

Very low-density lipoprotein 43

Vesalius 9 Vibices 86

Vim-Silverman needle 144, 157, 161, 728

Vinyl chloride 565, 568, 793 Viral load 702

Virchow cell 478 Virostatics 853

Virtual liver surgery 797 Visceropexie 317

Visually evoked potentials 201, 272

Vitamins 47

W

Warren shunt 363 Wasting syndrome 729 Water equilibrium 288 Watson-Schwartz test 605 Wegener’s granulomatosis 820

Weibel-Palade body 793 Weil’s disease 478 Wheels-within-wheels 507 Wheel-spoke phenomenon

133, 755 White liver 585, 623 White nails 82 White nipple sign 354 White spots, skin 82 Widmark’s formula 61 Wieland test 571 Wilm’s tumour 799 Wilson’s disease 85, 610 Withdrawal syndrome 536 Wolman’s disease 597