INTELLIGENT VEHICLES: DEVELOPMENTS ON AUTOMATED DRIVING.
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology
16TH EUROPEAN TRAFFIC LAW DAYS, BUDAPEST, 8./9.10.2015
WITHIN THE NEXT 10 YEARS, THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY WILL FACE MORE SUBSTANTIAL CHANGES THAN IN THE PAST 30 YEARS.
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AUTOMATION WILL BECOME AN ESSENTIAL FEATURE OF THE INTELLIGENT CAR OF THE FUTURE – BUT WHY?
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology
Improved traffic and driving safety.
– Minimize the errors of the driver.
Always safe, with and without automation.
Optimization of traffic flow and traffic efficiency.
– Optimized utilization of the road infrastructure, Platooning, Remote control…
– Reduced congestion
Increased driving comfort.
Automation of annoying tasks.
Gaining valuable time in boring situations.
Expanded offer of mobility services and increased driving efficiency.
– Individual mobility concepts
New business models (Taxi, delivery services…) – Monetization of the “free” travel time by digital offers.
Dr. Christoph Grote, 23.09.2015.
EVEN IN STAND-BY MODE, HAD WILL REDUCE ACCIDENTS SUBSTANTIALLY THROUGH THE PERMANENT SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT.
Inattention is accident cause no. 1. Reasons to avoid accidents by means of automation.
… machines don´t loose attention or play with smartphones
… robot cars avoid violations
… machines don´t loose control.
… vision system masurements are reliable permanently.
… computers decide emotionally neutral & stress-free
… machines never fall asleep.
5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Red light
Blind spot others 10,2
6,4
sleeping Black out
alone In combination Contri- 22,7
buting
18,2 15,8 18,7
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% of the driver’s input to the cause
Inattention
Velocity
Alcohol Errors in perception Errors in
decision-making
Incapacity
TODAY: NEW 7 SERIES ALREADY PROVIDES ASSISTANCE FUNCTIONS VERY CLOSE TO HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING.
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology. Page 5
Pedestrian
Protection & Night Vision.
Active Side
Collision Avoidance and Cross Traffic Warning.
Remote Parking
BMW ConnectedDrive
New Telematic and Online Services
TODAY: NEW 7 SERIES ALREADY PROVIDES ASSISTANCE FUNCTIONS VERY CLOSE TO HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING.
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology. Page 6
Traffic Jam Assistant up to 60km/h Steering and Lane Control up to 210 km/h.
ACC Speed Limit Assist
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology Seite 7
DEGREES OF AUTOMATION.
STANDARDIZED AND RECOGNIZED DEFINITIONS FOR LEGAL CERTAINTY.
ON
No assistance systems active.
The other (longitudinal or lateral) control task is performed by the vehicle.
Longitudinal and lateral control tasks are performed by the vehicle (for a certain period of time and/or in specific situations).
Longitudinal and lateral control tasks are
performed by the vehicle (for a certain period of time, in specific
situations). Longitudinal and lateral control tasks are performed entirely by the vehicle, within
specific applications.
The driver does not need to monitor the system.
The driver does not need to monitor the system.
Longitudinal and lateral control tasks are
performed entirely by the vehicle, within specific applications.
Driver no longer needs to
monitor the system permanently .
Degree of automation
Driver performs longitudinal AND lateral control at all times.
Driver performs longitudinal OR lateral control at all times.
Driver must permanently monitor the system.
(Quelle: BASt Arbeitsgruppe 2012, SAE, VDA)
Regulated by law and introduced into the market. Not regulated by law and under research.
e.g.
Speed Limit Info
e.g.
Parking Assistant
e.g.
Traffic Jam Assistant
Transition of responsibility
Driver Vehicle
Driver only
Level 0 Assisted
Level 1 Partially automated
Level 2 Highly automated
Level 3 Fully automated
Level 4 / Level5
Driverless.
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology. Page 8
BMW RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY IS WORKING ON VEHICLE AUTOMATION SINCE MORE THAN 10 YEARS.
Emergency stop assistant (2009).
Highly automated driving on the vehicle‘s limit (2014).
BMW Track Trainer.
(2006).
Highly automated driving on the motorway (Gen1: 2011; Gen2: 2014)
Fully automated remote valet parking (2015).
Remote Controlled Parking (2007).
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology.
FULLY AUTOMATED REMOTE VALET PARKING.
“BMW TAKES OVER AT YOUR REQUEST” (LAS VEGAS, CES 2015).
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FIRST STEP 2020: HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING ON MOTORWAYS.
Manageable complexity, structurally separated opposite lanes, no pedestrians/cyclists/cross traffic.
Introduction via velocity step by step.
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Highway Pilot ( 2022+)
• 0 to 130 km/h in mixed traffic.
• Entry to exit.
• Managing all motorway use cases: construction areas, tunnels, obstacles…
• Comfortable and cooperative driving behaviour, keeping to all traffic rules.
Traffic Jam Assistant ( 2020)
• 0 to 60 km/h in traffic situations.
• Following mode: Slower cars ahead.
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MANY TECHNOLOGIES TO BE MASTERED ON THE WAY TO HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING.
BACKEND: DIGITAL SERVICES AND MAP
HAF DRIVING FUNCTION
Fusion and extraction ENVIRONMENT MODEL
MOTION CONTROL SENSORS
TRAJECTORY PLANNING DRIVING STRATEGY OBJECTS AND FREE SPACE MAP & SELF-LOCALIZATION
E/E ARCHITECTURE
& CONTROL UNITS
System
System itself Validation / Testing
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REMAINING CHALLENGES COMPRISE INDUSTRIALIZATION, AS WELL AS TECHNOLOGICAL, SOCIETAL, AND LEGAL ASPECTS.
Description Challenges
Technological advancements
•Availability of highly accurate, digital maps.
•Improved environment models and cost-down of sensors.
• Human Machine Interaction concepts for use of drive time and bringing back the driver
Societal aspects •Facilitate societal acceptance by proactive communication of opportunities provided by HAD
• Assurance of data privacy to retain current customer trust levels
• Clearification of ethical questions Industrialization
•Field operational tests with a heterogeneous fleet to gather all kinds of situational data for a later functional validation.
•Standardization of methods for validation of usage/functional safety.
•Systematic quantification of benefits by standardized methods.
Legal aspects
•Solving legal issues with respect to accreditation, regulatory law, as well as product liability.
•Data security, particularly with respect to backend connectivity.
•Data recorder
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology. Page 13
REMAINING CHALLENGES COMPRISE INDUSTRIALIZATION, AS WELL AS TECHNOLOGICAL, SOCIETAL, AND LEGAL ASPECTS.
Challenges
Technological advancements
Societal aspects Industrialization
Legal aspects
Legislative Bodies
Public authorities
OEMs
&
Suppliers Automobile
associations Insurance
institutions
Society
Co-operation of all keyplayers
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
Dr. Werner Huber, BMW Group Research and Technology Page 14
