This sign tells you you're de.rling u'ith l relirble. conscientious br.rsinessmen. har.rcl-pickccl as the finest in the land. it aiso tells you you're buying the linest amateur equipment aveilable.
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A L A B A M A
B i r m i n g h a m - A c k R a d l o S U P P I Y C o H u n t s v i L l e - ELecironlc w h o l e s a l e r s , I n c N 4 o b i l e - Specialty D i s t r i b u t i n g C o . A L A S K A
A n c h o r a g e - Y!kon Radio Supply, l n c A R I Z O N A
P h o e r r ^ - S o - t r * e s ' F le c t r o l i c D e v i c e s T ! c s o n - E l io t t E l e c t r o n l c s , l n c A R K A N S A S
D e W i t t - l\.4oory's W h o l e s a l e R a d i o C o . C A L I F O R N I A
A n a h € i m - H e n r y R a d r o , l n c . B ! r l l n g a m e - Amrad Electronlcs L c n g B e a c h - Scott Radlo SuPP Y , I n . . I o s A r g r , r s - H P n r Y R a d i o C o . l l c
R a d o P f o d ! c t s S a l e s , I n c . o a k l a n d - Elmar E ectronics R l ! e r s i d e - M i s s i o n N a m S u P P i e s S a n D e g o - w e s t e r n R a d i o & T V S l p p l y C o S a r I a - . s . o - A - a d S i l p p y I n c S a n J o s e - Q u e m e n t I n d u s t r i a l E l e c t r o n i c s C O L O R A D O
D e n v e r - Burstein A p p l e b e e C o o f C o o r a d o C O N N E C T I C U T
H a r t l o r d - Corky's D i v i s i o n , H a t r y o f H a r t i o r d D I S T R I C T O F C O L U M B I A
W a s h i n g t o n - Electronic W h o l e s a l e r s , I n c F L O R I D A
[ . 4 i a m i - Amateur Radio Cenler, lnc E l e c t r o n i c w h o l e s a e r s l n c 0 r a n d o - A m a t e ! r E e c t r o n i c S U P P I Y P e i s a c o l a - Grice Electronics l i c T a m p a K i n k a d e R 3 d i o S u P P l Y , I n c G E O R G I A
A i a n t a - A c k R a d l o S i l P P I Y C o S p e c i a i t y D l s t r b u t i n g C o l n c H A W A I I
H o n o l u u - - H o n o l u u I e c t r o i r c s I D A H O
B o \o - o o o b . " ( o a d r o a n d - v n .
F o r
t L L T N O t S
C h i c a g o - Amateur E l e c t r o n i c S ! p p l y N e w a r k E l e c t r o n i c s c o r p o r a t i o n P e o r l a - K L a u s R a d i o & E l e c t r i c C o m p a n y I N D I A N A
F o r t l! a y n e - B r o w n E l e c t r o n i c s , I n c . l n d i a n a p o l i s - G t a h a m E e c t r o n i c s S u l J p l y , I n c . S o u t h B e n d - R a d i o D i s l r i b u t i n g c o , l n c
towA
C o u n c i l B l ! f f s - W o r l d R a d l o L a b o r a t o r l e s , i n c D e s ll l o i n e s - R a d i o T r a d e S u p p l y C 0 L O U I S I A N A
N e w 0 r e a n s - R a d i o P a r t s . i n c M A R Y L A N D
W h e a t o n L j n c l e G e J r g e s R e d o H a m S : a . k D v L s t o n . E e c t r o n c s 0 s t r b ! t o f s n : M A S S A C H U S E T T S
B o s l o n - D e f i l a m b r o R a d r o S u p p y L n . R a d i o S h a c k C o r P . R e a d i n E - G r a h a m R a d r o 1 n c M I C H I G A N
A n n A r b o r - P u r c h a s e R a d i o S U P P I Y D e t r o r t - l/1. N. Dlify & Co.
R a d i o S u P P I Y & E n g r n e e r r i g X a l a m a z o o - \ l a r r e n R a d o C o m P a n Y I \ 4 ! s k e g o n - t l e c t r o n c D i s t r i b u t o r s l n c . M I N N E S O T A
l \ 4 i n n e a p o l i s - L e w B o n n C o m P a i Y E l e c t r o n l c C e n t e r , I n c M I S S O U R I
B u t e r - H e n r y R a d i o c o m P a n Y ( a n s a s City - B!rsteln Applebee C o S t L o u i s - W a te r A s h e R a d i o C o m P a n Y N E W H A M P S H I R E
C o n c o r d - E v a n s R a d i o N E W J E R S E Y
S p r i n g l i e l d - F e d e r a t e d P u t c h a s e r , I n c . N E W Y O R K
A l b a n y - F t . 0 r a n g € R a d i o D l s t r i b u t i n g C o . , I n c . A m s t e r d a m - A d i r o n d a c k R a d i o S u p p l y B ! f f a l o - G e n e s e e R a d i o & P a r t s C o . I n c . J a m a i c a , L o n g l s l a n d - H . f f i s o n R a d i o C o r p N e w Y o r k - H a r r i s o n R a d i o c o r p
H a r r e Y R a d o . I n a
f n r t h e r i r t f , r r ' m a 1 i o n , c h e c l i n ! n l l ) c r . 1 , a r r l
N O R T H C A R O L I N A
A s h e v r l l e - F r e c k R a d i o & S ! p p L y c o I n c W i n s t o n S a l e m - E l e c t r o n i c W h o l e s a l e r s , l n c .
o H l o
C e v e l a n d P l o n e e r E e c l r o n i c S u p p l y C o . C o l ! m b u s U n i v e r s s l S e r v t c e D a y t o n - o l e d o - C ! s t o m E e c t r o i cs l n c . S " p L I , o r ( S - p p re s I n ( . O K L A H O M A
T ! s a - R a d r o l n c O R E G O N
P o r t l a i d - P o r t a n d R a d r o S ! P P Y C o . P E N N S Y L V A N I A
P h a d € i p h a - R a d i o t l e c t r c S e r l i c e C o . o f P a . P l t s b r ' g h C a m e r a d i o C o m P a n Y W y n c o t € ' H a m B ! e r g e f R H O D E I S L A N D
P f o v i e n c e W . H . E d w a r d s C o m P a n Y S O U T H D A K O T A
t l a t e r t o w n B u r g h a r d t R a d i o S ! p p l y T E N N E S S E E
l \ ' l e m p h s - W . & W . D i s i r i b u t i n g C o m p a n y N a s h v i l l e - Electta Distributing C o m p a n y TEXAS
A b i l e n e - H o w a r d R a d i o C o m P a n Y C o r p u s C h r i s t i - E l e c t r o n i c E q u i p m e n t &
E n g i n e e r i i g C o D d l l a 5 - A m a l e u ' F l e c l o r r c s l 1 c E L P a s o - f u l c N i c o l C o m P a n Y l n c
H o u s t o n - B ! s a c k e r E l e c t r o n i c E q u i p m e n t C o ' lnc E l e c t r o n i c E q u l p m e n t & E n g i n e e f i n g C o S a n A n t o n i o - R a d i o & T e l e v i s i o n P a r t s C o . W A S H I N G T O N
L y n n w o o d - Cascad€ E l e c t r o n l c S ! p p l y S e a t l e - G e n e a I l e c l r o r i c s l n c S p o k a n e - N o r t h w e s t E l e c l r o n i c s , I n c . T a c c m a - C & G Radio ELectlonics C o W E S T V I R G I N I A
C h a r l e s t o n - N l o u n t a i n I l e c t r o n i c s
w r s c o N s r N
F o n d u L a c - l " l a r r i s R a d i o C o r p o r a t i o n l V a d i s o n - S a i t e r l i e l d E i e c t r o n i c s , I n c l v l w a u k e e - - - Amateur E e c t r o n i c S u p p l y
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Unconditional Guarantee is proof of the maker's absolute confidence in his product...
and PR crystals have been UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED SINCE 1934.
You're not taking-the slightest chance when you put PRs in your rig, for you'll have {e_f!n_es! radio frequency control that money can buy! pR crystals aie made to PERFORM. . . under good conditions and bad. They have that extia measure of sta- lility_and dependability BUILT-IN, that guarantees years of outstanding performance.
Get PRs todav from vour iobber.
J
p a g e 1 1 0
Jonuory, 1964 o CQ o I
A M A T E U R T Y P E S fundomenfol, PR Type 2.2
Frequency Ronges in Kcs.: l75O t o 2 0 0 0 (1 6 0 M ) ; 3 , 5 0 0 r o 4 , 0 0 0 ( 8 O M ) ; 7 , 0 0 0 to 7 , 4 2 5 l 4 O M l ; 8,000 ro 8,222 l2nli 8,334 ro 9,OOO (6trtl.
Rugged. Low drift, fundamen- tal oscillators. High activity and power output. Stands up under maximum crystal cur- r e n t s . s t a b l e , lo n g - l a s t i n g ;
l : 5 0 0 c y c l e s . . , . . . $ 2 . 9 5 N e t ( A l l Z - 2 C r y s t a l s c a l i b r a t e d with a load of 32 mmfd.)
A M A T E U R T Y P E S
Third 0vertone, PR Type Z-9A Hermetically sealed; cali- brated 24.000 to 24.666 and 25,000 to 27,000 Kc., i 3 Kc.; .050" pins. . $3.95 Net 6 Meters, PR Type Z-9A Fifth overtone; for opera- t i n g d i r e c t l y i n 6 - m e t e r band; hermetically sealed;
calibrated 50 to 54 Mc., :L 15 Kc.; .050" pins.
. . . $ 4 . 9 5 N e t
Iype Z-1, MARS ond fiP
Official assigned frequencies in the range. Calibrated to .005Vo, 1600 to 10000 Kc. ..$3.45 Net Iype ZXP
Suitable for converters, experi- mental etc. Same holder dimen- sions as 'fype
Z-2. I 600 to 12000 Kc., (Fund.) I 5 Kc. $3.45 Net 12001 to 25000 Kc. (3rd Over- t o n e ) i l 0 K c . . . . . . $ 4 . 4 5 N e t
W
lator, fully wired, ready to install. Includes a7-64 Crystal. Power requirements: l2V DC kI 14 Ma. Oscillator output connects to re- ceiver antenna, high side. Base is l-7 /8 x 2 - 1 3 / 1 6 in c h e s . N e g l i g i b l e m o u n t i n g s p a c e r e q u i r e d . W e i g h s 2 o u n c e s . . , . . . . $ l 2 . 9 i N e t
PR-l 00 Ironsistorized 0scillolor W i t h P R - 1 0 0 you can check harmonics at 100 Kc. inter- v a l s t h r o u g h 54 Mc. A pre- c i s i o n o s c i l -
Iype Z-6A, trequency Sfondord T o d e t e r m i n e b a n d e d g e . T o k e e p V F O and receiver properly calibrated, .050" pins.
1 0 0 K c . . . $ 6 . 9 5 N e t
COMMERCIAL CRYSTALS AVAILABLE FROM IOO KC.
TO 70 MC.
PRTCES ON REQUEST.
N R A O I O C O M
\ C I L B L U F F S . C O U N C I L B t U F F S , U . S , A .
For further information, check number 1, on
r h i n k s r r r a l t t .
No one but Hallicrafters could shoehorn such sheer, unadulterated talk power into so beautifully compact a package as the new SR-160 Tri-band Transceiver. Why Hallicrafters alone? Eight productive, successful years 0f SSB and transceiver
experience, leading to such advanced, exclusive techniques as AALC (Amplified Automatic Level
Control) providing up to 12 db. of effective compression . . . RIT (Receiver Incremental Tuning) with -f 3 kc, for superior net and CW operation . . . and a superbly designed crystal lattice filter
which makes the most of the desirable SSB transmission characteristics. A built-in changeover
relay permits direct operation with the HT-45 or 0ther linear amplifier. Sensitivity is less than I pv for 20 db. (yes, 20) S f N/N ratio.
The receiver employs a separate AVC amplifier providing a figure 0f merit of 100 db. These and a
dozen other outstanding features make the new SR-160 your best transceiver buy. Write for complete specifications or see your Hallicrafters
distributor today.
le
JlS,noll sire: 13,r * 6t/,,, x II,, Small uteigbt: Only l3r/4 lb.
Small price: #319.50 less potuer sapplies and mobile mounting kit,
l{Et|il Tri-band SSB/CW $R-100
Transceiver
,,haftcraflers
F i f t h & K o s t n e r A v e s , C h i c a g o , l l l . 6 0 6 2 4E x p o r t : H a l l i c r a f t e r s I n t e r n a t i o n a l D i v . G a n a d a : G o u l d S a l e s C o . , M o n t r e a l , p . e . For further infolmation, check number 2, on page 110
EDTToR
A. S. TROSSMAN, W2DTJ
MANAGING EDIToR R I C H A R D A . R O S S . K 2 M G A
TEcHNIcAL EDIToR
IRVING TEPPER
TECHNIcAL DIREcToR W . M . S C H E R E R , W 2 A E F
ASSISTANT EDIToR
R O B E R T M . B R O W N , K 2 Z S Q
CoNrnreutrNc EDrroRS
CoNTEsr CALENDAR F R A N K A N Z A L O N E . W l W Y
NovrcE
WALT BURDINE, WsZCV
usA-cA Cusr0DrAN CLIF EVANS, K6BX
PRoPAGATIoN SPACE CoMMUNIcATIoNS G E O R G E J A C O B S , W 3 A S K
U H F R o U N D U P
ALLEN KATZ, K2UYH
RTTY
B Y R O N K R E T Z M A N , W 2 J T P DX
URB LE JEUNE, W2DEC Y L
LOUTSA B. SANDO. WsRZJ HAM CLrNrc c. J. SCHAUERS, W4VZO/HB9
BusrnBss Srerr
P U B L I S H E R
s. R. cowAN
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES
JACK SCHNEIDER, WA2FPE
DICK COWAN, WA2LRO CrRcuLATroN MANAGER
HAL WEISNER, WA2OBR
PRoDUcTIoN MANACER CARY L, COWAN
ART DIRECToR
MICHAEL A. DOMINGUEZ
Orrrcrs
3O0 West 43rd Street N e w Y o r k , N . Y . 1 0 0 3 6 Telephone, 212 JUdson 2-4460 C O - ( T i t l € r e g i s t e r e d U . S . P o s t OIIice ) is published monthly by C o w a n P u b l i s h i n g C o r p . S e c o n d c l a s s p o s t a g e p a i d a t N e w Y o r k C i t y a n d G a r d e n C i t y , N e w Y o r k . S u b s c r i p t i o n P r i c e s ; U . S . A . . C a n - a d r a n d M e x i c o , o n e y e a r , $ 5 . 0 0 ; r w o y e a r s . $ 9 . 0 0 : t h r e e y e a r s , S 1 . 1 . 0 1 ) . P a n - A m e r i c a n r D d l o r c i g n a d d o n e d o l l a r p e r y e a r . E n t i r e c ( ) n t e n t s c o p y r i g h t 1 9 6 4 b y C o w a n P u b l i s h i n g C o r p . C O d o e s n o t a s - s u m e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y lo r u n s o l i c i t e d n l J n u \ e r i p l s . P l e a r c r l l o w s i x
\ r e e k s f o r c l r a n g e o f a d d r e s s . P r i t r t e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t r t e s 0 t A m e r l c t .
Vol. 20, No. I Jonuary 1964
The SB-8; A Filter-Type Sideband
Adapter ....Hartland B. Smith, WBVVD Cp Reviews: The Lafayette Model HE-73 Precon ...
S q u e l c h S t a b i l i z a t i o n . . . R o n a l d L . I v e s R h e e m C a l i f o n e A R - 3 0 0 T a p e R e c o r d e r . . . - . . . . . An RTTY Audio
Oscillator ..Byron H. Kretzman, W2ITP CQ Reviews: The Comtran C-II Audio Compression
Amplifier
A Four Band Trap Tuned
A n t e n n a . . . 4 . D . S i n n i n g , W L U Y S Voyage to
Agalega ...V. C. Harvey-Brain, VQ9HB IVQSBFA Amateur Radio and the 1963 ITU Space
Communication Conference....GeorQe J acobs, W 3 ASK A S1,000,000 High-Speed QSL
P r i n t e r . . . , . . . A l o y s i u s J . P o l a n e c z k y , W 3 E F Y T h e C o a x i a l L i n e B a l u n . . . C | i f { G i l b e r t , K 6 G A X A Wideband Filter for the
7 5 A - 4 . . . W a l l a c e T . T h o m p s o n , K 8 B Y T A Plug-In Multi-Crystal
Adapter ...David T. Geiser, WA2ANU 15 Meter Coils For The
HRO-60 .GeorQe Hrischenko, VE3DGX
The Superex Model AP-S Headphones New Amateur Products
100 Kc Transistorized Oscillator Universal Auto Ignition Shielding Kit Pocket Type Contact Burnisher Finger-Tip Wrenches
The VHF Amateur
Using Surpius VHF and UHF
Refl ectometers ... Leroy M ay, W 5 AJ G I AF 5 AF G 2 4 3 1 3 3 3 5 3 6 3 B 3 9 4 0 4 3 4 6 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4
7 7 7 8
A n n o u n c e f r e n l s
Contest Calendat
D X . . . . H a m C l i n i c . . . L e t l e r s . . . . N o v i c e . . . . P r o p a g a t i o n . . . .
Q S L C o n l e s l
R T T Y .
S p a c e C o m m u n i c a t i o n s U S A . C A
U H F R o u n d u p . . . . V H F R e p o r t
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S T I I G t ' E S T D E B A l I D
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F I T . T E R S
O 9 m c c e n t e r f r e q u e n c y
O B a n d p a s s 6 d b 3 k c ( a p p r o x i m a t e )
A C F - 2 T w o - c r y s t a l fi t t e r c j r c u i t u s i n g l o w i m p e d a n c e l i n k i n p u t a n d 2 K r e s i s t i v e o u t p u t l o a d . U n w a n t e d s i d e b a n d r e j e c t i o n g r e a t e r t h a n 3 0 d b . M o u n t i n g
space It/z',. $9.95
A C F - 4 F o u r - c r y s t a l fi l t e r c i r c u i t u s i n g n o m i n a l 6 0 0
; - o h m i n p u t a n d o u t p u t . U n w a n t e d s i d e b a n d r e j e c t i o n / E r e a t e r t h a n 4 0 d b . M o u n t i n g s p a c e Z ' , . g l S . 9 5
A C F - 6 S i x - c r y s t a l f i l t e r c i r c u i t u s i n g n o m i n a l 6 0 0 o h m i n p u t a n d o u t p u t . U n w a n t e d s l d e b a n d r e i e c t i o n
g r e a t e r than 55 db, Mounting space 3,,. $27.9s
M A T C H I N G O S C I L L A T O R C R Y S T A L S fo r t h e A C F J i l t e r s e r i e s . R e c o m m e n d e d f o r u s e i n O S - 4 o s c i l l a t o r .
cY-6-9LO $4.40 cY-6-9H | $4.40
O S - 4 C r y s t a l O s c i l l a t o r 96.95
S E - 6 F M o u n t i n g C a s e
S p e c i a l A O C c a s e f o r m o u n t i n g f i l t e r p l a t e s . C o n t a i n s c a s e h a r d w a r e a n d i n p u t - o u t p u t
t e r m i n a l s . $ 5 , 5 0
* Add-On-Circuit
For further information, check number 4, on
o J q n u o r y , 1 9 6 4 I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r y s t a l M f g . C o . , I n c . 1 8 N o r t h L e e , O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a h o m a P l e a s e r u s h 1 9 6 4 c a t a l o g .
City_==.-Zone-State
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C a l . N o . 2 O O - 5 O 9
Frequency Range
t3('-t74 MG+
C a t . N o . 2 0 0 - 5 0 9 S t a t i o n - master Collinear Gain Antenna is designed to meet the ever in- creasing need for high antenna gain in minimum space and at lowest cost. This antenna, con- sisting of a number of collinear radiating elements fed inphase and encapsulated in a continu- o u s w e a t h e r p r o o f f i b e r g l a s s housing, meets the above re- quirements. Low overall weight eliminates the need for exten- sive erection equipment re- quired by previous antennas offering equal power gain. The input fitting on these antennas is a standard Type N male con- nector mounted at the end of an 18" flexible terminal exten- sion, Designed for maximum strength with minimum cross- s e c t i o n , C a t . N o . 2 0 0 - 5 0 9 i s capable of withstanding winds in excess of 100 MPH.
' E aci frequency m u s t b e sp€cifled
Vertical tietd strength palterl of Cat. No. 200-5Og Stalionmastef Antenna.
A d i p o l e p a t t e r n i s s h o w n to r reference.
n , - , . ? / 1 n
Otttt'twlttd:aVin fnMilA Uflr4alq ffi t#p^L^""-F ooden nincrnorrrr" "*Jo.r"f. W
I V I A R L B O R O . N E W J E R S E Y - T e l e p h o n e H O p k i n s 2 - 1 8 8 0 ( A r e a C o d e 2 0 1 ) L O S A N G E L E S 6 5 , C A L I F . - T e l e p h o n e C H a p m a n 5 . 1 1 4 3 (A r e a C o d e 2 1 3 )
Eleclrioal Spectf lcations :
N o m i n a l i n p u t i m p e d a n c e . . . . , . , 5 0 o h m 3
v s w R . . . . . . 1 . 5 : l
B a n d w i d t h . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 . 3 %
M a x i m u m p o w e r in p u t . , . . , . . . . , . s o o w a t i r
I n t e r n a l teedline . , . , , , . R G { ^ 7 U
F l e x i b l e terminal extension . . . 1 8 " of nG{^,/U T e r m i n a t i o n . .... ..TypG N malg wlth NaoptGns hou3lng
oftnidirectionar gain . . .
l,f,lll ilS 3:3 jB
V s r t i c a l b e a m w i d t h ( y 2 p o w e r p o i n t s ) . . . , , , . . 1 8 o
Lightning protection .Dlrsc-tgrcund
Mechanlaal Speclflaailons:
R a d i a t i n g e l e m e n t m a t e r i a l . . . , . . . . C o p p c r E l e m e n t housing material . .. . , , F l b r r g l a s s E f e m e n t h o u s i n g ti p d i a m e t o r . , . . . , . . . . . q h "
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W c u r c i t t d c b l c d t o I { c r h c r t I I t x t r c r , . 1 r . . W 6 2 H . P r c s i d u t r o l A I I R L . l o r p e r t t t i t t i r t g u , r t o r c f r i t t l l r i . t r c < t ' r t t . s p t ' c t h ii r t l t i s r r t t s t t t l i . s Z E n t l B I r s . T l t c s c r l o t r r t - t o - e u t t l t ( ( ) t t l t t t c t I t s , t r t o d c u t l l t c A t l u t t l i t D i y i s i t t r t C t t n - r e t t l i o n o n S c p t . I , 1 9 6 3 , t r c l c c l u r e r e q u i r c d r e u d i n g lnr all tltose still opposcd to inccrttive Ik:ensing.
Ne of the cherished traditions of Amateur Radio is the Opcn Forurn which takes place at our con- vcntions. Here we discuss Our problems in open scssions. and the nrenrbcrship and their elected representa- tives have a chance to thresh out the policies and programs o f t h c L e a g u c .
First. I would like to nrake some observations as a resttlt of nry experiences as President of the League during the past !'ear, and then join with you in whatever discussion m a y f o l l o w .
At its annual meeting on May 3, 1963, the ARRL Board, b y u n a n i m o u s v o t e , a d o p t e d a r e s o l u t i o n o f b a s i c p o l i c y w h i c h h a s r e c e i v e d w i d e d i s c u s s i o n a m o n g r a d i o a m a t e u r s - b o t h i n s i d e a n d o u t s i d e t h e L e a g u e . l n t a k i n g t h i s a c t i o n , i n m y o p i n i o n ' t h e B o a r d c o u r a g e o u s l y f a c e c l u p t o a s i t L l a t i o n t h a t h a s b e e n g r o w i n g i n s c r i o r t s n e s s f o r s o m e t i m e . W h i l e t h e r e a s o n s f o r a d o p t i n g t h e p o l i c y w e r e d u e p r i m a r i l y t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t s , d o m e s t i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a l s o e n t e r e d i n t o t h e d e c i s i o n '
A m a t e u r R a < l i o , o r g a n i z e d a s w e k n o w i t . i s s o o n t o c e l e b r a t e i t s f i f t i e t h b i r t h d a y , I n t h i s p e r i o d ' i t h a s g r o w n f r o m a f e w h u n d r e d l i c e n s e e s t o m o r e t h a n 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 . T h e e q u i p m e n t h a s c h a n g e d f r . o m r e l a t i v e l y s i n t p l e h o n t e n t a d e g e a r t o c o m p l e x r e c e i v e r s a n d t r a n s m i t t e r s o f s o p h i s t i c a t e d d e s i g n a n d , o f t e n , o f c o m n t e r c i a l m a n u f a c t u r e . T h e f r e q u e n c i e s a v a i l a b l e f o r a m a t e u t u s e h a v e e x p a n d e d f r o m a s m a l l b a n d n e a r 2 0 0 m e t e r s . o r d i n a r i l y u s e f r " r l f o r a f e w h u n d r e d m i l e s , t o t h e p r e s e n t h a r m o n i c a l l y r e l a t e d b a n d s l o c a t e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e s p e c t r u m . U n d e r n o r m a l c o n d i t i o n s , a m a t e u r s c a n n o w w o r k e a c h o t h e r a n y w h e r e i n t h e w o r l d , a t a n y t i m e o f n i g h t o r d a y . A s w e l o o k b a c k , i t h a s b e e n a m o s t e x t r a o r d i n a r y d e v e l o p n - r e n t .
Y e t , i n t h e p r o c e s s o f t h i s g r o w t h a n d p r o g r e s s , t h e r e i s d a n g e r w e m a y h a v e t a k e n s o m e t h i n g s f o r g r a n t e d , r v i t h o u t a n a l y z i n g t h e m v e r y c a r e f u l l y , s i m p l y b e c a u s e t h e y h a v e b e c o m e a n a c c r l s - t o m e d h a b i t . O n e o f t h e s e i s t h e c o n t i n u e d a v a i l a b i l i t y o f o u r h i g h f r e q u e n c y b a n d s f r o m 1 . 8 t o 3 0 m e g a c y c l e s , w i t h o u t w h i c h a m a t e u r r a d i o w o u l d s o o n w i t h e r a w a y t o a l m o s t n o t h i n g .
W e h a v e h a c l o u r h i g h f r e q u e n c y b a n d s f o r s u c h a l o n g t i m e m a n y o f u s h a v e a s s u m e d t h e y w e r e o u r s o n a p e r m a n e n t b a s i s . P e r h a p s w e s l i p p e d i n t o t h i s a t t i t r - r d e b e c a u s e o f o r . r r h a v i n g d i s c o v e r e d t h e " s h o r t w a v e s " y e a r s a g o , a n d t h e r e f o r e a s s u m e d a t l e a s t a g o o d l y p o r t i o n o f t h e m w o u l d r e m a i n o u r s f o r k e e p s . T h e b a n d s w e r e o l l r s t o e n j o y a n d d o w i t h a s w e p l e a s e d - s o l o n g a s w e s t a y e c l w i t h i n b o u n d s a n d d i d n o t u s e t h e m f o r c o m m e r c i a l p t l r p o s e s . F r o n t t h e s t a n d p o i n t o f s e l f - p r e s e l v a t i o n . it s e e n t e d a s t h o u g h o u r o n l y p r o b l e m w a s t o c h a s e a w a - v o c c a s i o n r l l r e s p a s s e r s - a n d t h a t , w e a s s u n t e d . w a s a j o b t h e F C C o r s o m e s i r l i l a r a u t h o r i t y u ' o t r l d d o f o r r t s .
W e w o u l d h a v e l i t t l e t o w o r r y a b o u t i f a l l t h i s w e r e a c t u a l l y t r u e ; b u t u n f o r t u n a t e l y , a s a n l a t t e r o f h a r d f a c t . s u c h i s n o t t h e c a s e .
I n p r a c t i c e . th e r e i s n o s u c h t h i n g a s a p e r m a n e n t f r e q t t e n c l ' a l l o c a t i o n ' B y I n t e r n a t i o n a l T l e a t i e s g o i n g b a c k a s f a r a s t h e B e r l i n C o n f e r e n c e o f 1 9 0 6 . t h e n a t i o n s o f t h e w o r - l d d e c i d e d t o a v o i c l c h a o s i n t h e r a d i o s p e c t r u m b y a s e l f - i n - r p o s e c l s l s t e n r o f r e g u l a t i o n . E . a c h o f t h e m g a v e u p t h e i r f r e e d o m t o c a r v e t l p t h e s p e c t r t l n - r i n d i r i d t r a l l l ' a n c l e s s e n t i t t l l l ' a g r e e d t o a b i c l e b y t h e d e c i s i o n o f t h c m a j o r i t y . W h e t h e r w e a s 2 5 0 . ( X X ) l i c e n s e r l a n r a t e u r s in t h e [ J n i t e d S t u t e s l i k e i t o r n o t , o t l l ' c o l n t r y h a s j u s t o n c v o t c i n a n l n t e r - n a t i o n a l R a t l i o ( ' o r t l c l e n c c . l r n t l i t i s n o [ r i g g e r t l u n t l t c v o l e o f a n 1 ' o t h e r c o t t n t t y . l a l g e o r s n t a l l . i n t h e f i n a l c o t l n t ( l ( ) w t l .
I h e f i r ' s t l n t e l n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e w h i c h n r a c l e ir l l o c a t i o n s o f " s h o r t w i l v e s " w a s h e l e l i n W a s h - i n g t o n i n 1 9 2 7 , A t t h e u r g e n t i n s i s t e n c e o f o u r a m a t e u r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , l C o r t t i t t t r e t l 0 t t r r c . r t p u g e l
J o n u o r y , 1 9 6 4 o C Q o 7
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led by Hiram Percy Maxim, Amateur Radio was recognized for the first time as a full-fledged Telecommunications Service. This was despite vigorous opposition by many other countries who wished to give Amateur Radio no recog- nition whatever, or at best, to class it as an experimental hobby. The view of the United States was that amateurs had performed in the
"public interest, convenience and necessity";
they were competent in their operations, and their technical contributions were of such far- reaching significance that they were justified in being formally designated as a "Service."
This does not in itself guarantee us any fre- quency allocations. We will have to fight for them in the future just as hard as we have in the pas!-and probably a lot harder. But it does make the job easier because we have a recognized status,
In subsequent conferences, the United States continued to maintain its support of the Ama- teur Service, and, in each instance, it has been joined by enough other countries-Canada in particular-to constitute a majority. However, there have been repeated proposals which, if they had prevailed, would have severely reduced or eliminated our amateur bands. As we shall see, the latter attitude will probably be much stronger in the future than heretofore.
At the next Conference, which may well take place within three to five years. there are ex- pected to be more than 100 nations participating.
and each will have an equal vote. Approximately thirty countries have come into being as brand- new nations since the last Conference in 1959, and this will be the first such affair they have attended. Most of them are among the rapidly developing countries of Africa.
There are thirty or forty additional nations which, although older, also have little or no amateur activity. It is significant that many of the proposals to curtail amateur activities in past conferences have been originated by this group.
All of the nations, in both of these groups, have radio and communications problems which they feel are far more pressing than providing for an amateur service. It requires only simple arith- metic to realize that the sum of these two groups add up to substantially more than a majority of the whole.
The next Conference, when it occurs, will again be concerned primarily with the High Fre- quency portion of the spectrum-from 3 to 30 mc. This is the area where the most difficult interference problems must be resolved, and it is here. too. where our most valuable amateur bands are located.
The pressure for more high frequency chan- nels is far greater than ever before. Almost all of the newer nations-and many of the older ones, too-feel they have a vital need for more short-wave broadcasting. They have great pride in their new-found sovereignty and they want to
8 o C Q o J o n u o r y , 1 9 6 4
broadcast their virtues, philosophies and aspira- tions to the rest of the world. They feel a myriad of listeners are eager to hear their story if only a clear channel could be obtained. Unfortunately, all the channels assigned to broadcasting at the 1959 Conference are already overcrowded, and they must squeeze themselves into some other part of the spectrum-at least, they hope, until the next Conference learranges the allocations to their satisfaction.
The desire for more broadcast channels falls primarily in the band from 7 to 22 mc. In this band. these countries also want more commercial frequencies to keep in touch with the world cen- ters of diplomacy and commerce.
They also have an internal communications problem. Being sparsely settled, telephone and telegraph by land wire seem inordinately expen- sive, and radio links in the 3 to 7 mc part of the spectrum appear most inviting. Again, if these channels are occupied-as they usually are- then they move into the first vacant spot to be found.
A number of such stations have moved in on us already. What is not fully realized, at least by most amateurs, is that there will again be a con- certed move to take over most-if not all-of our amateur bands. And let us not delude our- selves, there are the votes available this time to make it extremely difficult.
When the next Conference takes place, there is .little we can do directly, as amateurs. These conferences are between governments, and, while the League and the IARU will have representa- tives present. we are only a small part of the over-all picture.
The final outcome will be determined by two things, namely ( I ) the attitude of the smaller countries, whose votes will be decisive, and who feel they are in desperate need of more space in the spectrum; and (2) how vigorously our own Government-and those of other countries where substantial amateur activity has been supported -will defend our frequency allocations.
The attitude of the newer and smaller coun- tries will be largely determined by their own self- interest. They will not be impressed so much by the historic achievements of amateur radio in the past as by what it can do for them in the future.
It will help us in anticipating their reaction if we ask ourselves some straightforward questions.
Are we, for instance, in the daily use of our fre- quencies, creating the kind of image we would like these governments to have about amateur radio? Are we demonstrating our full capability to serve the public interest? Are we trying to im- prove our technical competence and keep pace with the progress in communications generally?
Does amateur radio have a serious side to it, or is it primarily a hobby for entertainment? The answers to these questions and to many more like them will largely determine what happens to amateur radio in the immediate years ahead.
There are serious and well-qualified amateu.rs in our government, and in vantage points outside,
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The full impact of this situation has become increasingly apparent within the last year. The outcome will depend largely upon what we, as amateurs, can accomplish in getting our own house in order before the next conference begins to shape up.
Whether we like it or not, the rest of the world looks to us to set the standards for amateur operation everywhere. This would be true by sheer weight of numbers, if for no other reason, for we have 250.000 licensees out of the 350,000 world-wide. But in addition. as a result of our high power and big antennas, we put propor- tionately more loud signals into the ether than even these numbers nright indicate. It places upon us a responsibility for performance we can- not escape; and whether it be a foreign amateur' who is looking toward us for guidance, or a for- eign government looking at our frequencies with envy. it is the United s'lales Amateurs who must set the example and provide the leadership. This is a sobering reflection. and the only conclusion is that in the years imn-rediately ahead we must do our utmost to genuinely up-grade the Ama- teur Service.
This conclusion is also re-inforced if we look at the domestic side of the picture. for if we are to be successftrl at the next Conference we must have the active and wholehearted stlpport of our o w n G o v e r n m e n t a l a g e n c i e s .
Amateurs have a prottd record of making far- reaching and substantial contribr-rtions to the technical progress of radio. We have provided an indispensable source of skilled personnel in times of national emergency. and our activities in local disasters have been an invaluable pLtblic service.
There are nrany additional amatettt' activities- more than it is possible to mention here-that have also made very real contribtrtions to the public welfare.
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is still another aspect of amateur radio -the hobby side-that gives a tremendous amount of pleasure. enjoynrent and thrill to those who actively engage in it. -l-here
is the oppor- t u n i t y to t a l k w i t h o l d f r i e n d s . a s w e l l a s to n r a k e new ones. The challenge of working DX or of participating in a contest appeals to many in ottr ranks. Then, too-and perhaps above all the other aspects of ham radio-is the comrnon bond of interest that lends sLlbstance to the friend- ships that are formed within the fraternity.
All of us treasure the pleasurable side of ama- tenr radio. But we must never forget that pleas- ure and entertainment are not the reason we have our an]atellr bands today. There are other important services that have a very real need for more channels. In our absorption with the man)"
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too easy to forget.
As a practical matter, the purely ,,fun,, side of amateur radio-the so-called hoiUy siAe_is one of the extra dividends that comes aiong from having done a creditable job on the -o." .".ilou, side. There are such a wide variety of construc_
tive activities available that it is tft.n fruiO t tell where the serious stufi leaves off and the fun l.glp..fnir is somerhing each individual has to oecloe ln hrs own conscience. But the serious side cannot be left for somebody else to do if we expect to keep our ham bands indefinitelv.
. A -good example is the Citizens Band, which has ,been giving our regulatory authorjties so much concern of late. lt was originally intended for a multiplicity of business and personal com- municat.ions, but it has been gradually taken over by literally thousands of individuals who founcl that chatting over the air could b..o-. u rno.i engrossing hobby. Interference from this source has become so great that the original purposes were lost, and the FCC is now consiiering a drastic revision of the assignments. There is an undeniable moral in this for Amateur Radio.
A high FCC official. once an active amateur h i m s e l f . s a i d in a p u h l i c s p e e c h r e c e n t l y r h a t th e L r t r z e n s B a n d "h a d a l l t h e b a d fe a t u r e s o f a m a _ teur radio and none of the good ones." This is worth serious reflection. especially considering the source from which it contes.
In view of all these circumstances. it is useful to consider again just why we have our present frequencies. The amateur bands were made avail_
able to us instead of to other essential services because it was believed to be in the over_all natjonal interest. The purpose was to create a body of technically competent and experienced operators: who would advance with ihe radio art and, wherever possible, make substantial con_
tributions to its continued progress; and who would be active in promoting the public welfare.
These definitions occur all through the legal jus- tification for our domestic existence. In t-urn, it is basically on these grounds that our Govern_
mental agencies are able to support us at the international level.
During the annual meeting, the directors con_
sidered both the international and the domestic situations at length. It was recognized that unless vigorous measures were taken there was a gravc possibility we might lose a substantial part o1 our high frequency bands at the next iniernational confelence. Furthermore, the Board concluded this was not a matter that could be counteracted by strenuous arguments alone. Such arguments would have-to be accompanied by a genuine up_
grading of the amateur service itself if the futu;e could be faced with any degree of confidence.
It was also recognized that there was no single solution to the problem, and that any chanles which might be recommended in licensing pio_
cedures would be only one aspect of a broad program.r
_ lt was emphasized that such things as crowded band conditions, poor operating and technical
r
IVALIANT ll-Outstanding flexibilitv and performance- band-switching 160 through 1O meters-delivers 275 watts input cw or ssB (withluxiliary SS-B exciter or Viking SSB adapter) and 200 watisRwI Low level audio cliiping-differentially temperature compensated VFo proviJ"s st"Uif ity necessary for 554 operationl High efficiency.pi-network tank circuit- final tank coil sitver-ptaieJ, FiouLion for plug-in SSB operation,with no internal modification' car. No.240-lo5-1 Xit... netsi/s.oo
-cat.
xo' i+o'tos'z wired' tested ' ' ' Net $495'00
\'ALIANT II
SSB ADAPTER
l f y o u , li k e m a n y o f t o d a y ' s a m a t e u r s , f i n d y o u r s e l f w i t h y o u r in t e r e s t f a i r l y e q u a l l y d i v i d e d b e t w e e n w o r k i n g A M / C W a n d S S B , t h e r e ' s a r e a l f e e l i n g o f f r u s t r a t i o n w i t h m o s t a v a i l a b l e e q u i p m e n t . W h y ? B e c a u s e m o s t A M r i g s re q u i r e e x t e n s i v e m o d i f i c a t i o n t o o p e r a t e S S B - a n d n o S S B r i g o f f e r s h i g h le v e l A M a n d C l a s s " C " CW-and the end result i s c o m p r o m i s e i n o n e m o d e o r t h e o t h e r ! N o t s o w i t h e i t h e r V i k i n g S S B A d a p t e r / V a l i a n t o r S S B A d a p t e r / V a l i a n t l l c o m b i n a t i o n s ! N o w , k e e p y o u r c o n t a c t s a n d w o r k o l d fr i e n d s n o m a t t e r w h a t p o r t i o n o f t h e b a n d th e y o p e r a t e i n , a n d n o m a t t e r w h a t m o d e t h e Y u s e !
VALIANT OWNERS-You can make the conversion t"'S#""per"tion with a few simple modifications and the Viking "Valiant" SSB Conversion Kit'
ComPlete Catalog
S e n d f o r A m a t e u r c a t a l o g 9 6 2 g i v i n g d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n o n o u r c o m p l e t e l i n e o f a m a t e u r t r a n s m i t t e r s
a n d a c c e s s o r i e s '
E . F . J O H N s O N I I I M P A N Y
W A S E C A , M I N N E S O T A , U . S . A .
@
information, check number 18, on page 110
J c n u o r Y , 1 9 6 4 o C Q
For further
o 1 3
TURNER'S N"*
454 Series Microphones
$Idfl,g
Not just streamlined,
...ITAfurLrNEI'I
H e r e ' s th e m i k e t h a t w a s specially designed f o r h a m s , b y h a m s . lt has all the features a . n a m w a n t s a n d t h e n s o m e ! B o t h m o d e l s in t h e s e r i e s . . . 4 5 4 X ( c r y s t a l ) a n d 4 5 4 C ( c e r a m - i c ) , . . f e a t u r e re a l , , h a m p l e a s e r s " like press.
t o - t a l k o r V O X o p e r a t i o n ; d u r a b l e satin black c a s e ; a n d a t h r e e c o n d u c t o r ( o n e s h i e l d e d ) . 1 1 i n c h r e t r a c t e d , fi v e f o o t extended, n"oor.n"
j a c k e t e d c o i l e d cord, Write today for details o n t h e s e c o m p l e t e l y h a m l i n e d microphones.
-
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S Response: 300.3000 cps.
0 u t p u t l e v e l : 4 5 4 X : _ 4 8 db.
4 5 4 C : _ 5 2 db.
N e t p r i c e $ 1 5 . 9 O
MICR(IPH(lIIE C(IMPAI{Y
9 2 5 1 7 t h Srreer N.E.
C e d o r Ropids, l o w o
l N C A N A D A : T r i - T e l A s 5 o c i d t e s , L t d . 8 l S h e p p o r d A v e , W e s l
\ r t y ' i l l o w d a l e , O n r o n g
I . o r f u r t h e r i n f o r . m a t i o n , c h e c k n u m b e r 1 2 , on page 1 1 0
proecdurci and lack of courLesy coulcl not Lre u r r r e d h y s t i f l e r l i r ; c n s ; n e l c q r r i r e m c n t s o r . ; n m o r t lnstancci, by governmental monitoring. T hc only recourse for thcse ills would haui to come through the voluntary action of amateurs t.hcm- selvc.s. 'fhe
he:rdquartcrs staff. inclucling thc com- municarions. technical and editoriaI def,artments, rvelc instructcd to do everything possibtc to pub- licizc and irnplement the program. Its sucicss would clepend upon education through eST anrJ othcl publications-borh inside and-ouiside the L c a g t r c - h y t h c c t r o p c r a t i o n . , f corrncils anJ c l u b r . a n r i b y t h e o n - t h e _ a i r c o n d u c t a n d d . i o l o _ nracy of conscientious and responsible amateurs e"erywherc. It was fully recognized that the volunlary aspect of the program was at once the nrost lntportant and yet perhaps the most difficult t o l t ) l p l e m e n t .
. I n a r r i v i n g at its t.econtntendations f o r c h a n g e s i n l i c e n s i n g procedures. it was believed u nloOir_
a t e i n c r e a \ e i n l i c e n r i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s would a c h i e v e a n e c e s s a r v upgrading of our level oi t e c h n i c a l competence. There was no rntention or d e s i r e t o t a k e anlthing away. from unyUoAy, no, w a s t h e r e an1, idea that onl) aclvanced electionics s p e c i a i i s t s s h o u l d b e a b l e t o q u a l i t 1 , . O n t h e c o n _ t r a r y , a n e x a m i n a t i o n i r a s e n v i s i o n e d which c o u l d b e p a s s e d bi, alnrost an1. amateur who had h a d a l c a r o f m o r . e a c r i r c e r p e r i e n c e as a Gen- e r a l o r C o n d i t i o n a l licensee and who would be w i l l i n g t o apply himself to a reasonable amount o f s t u d y o f the marerial rhar was ..adilt ;;;ii_
a b l e i n t h e amateur handbooks. Tne proposal s p e c i f i c a l l y recommended that no additional code t e s t o v e r and above that already included in the G e n e r a l Class license should be required, and t h e r e s h o u l d be ample time to take an examina- t i o n a f t e r it became available and before its use w o u l d be necessary.
I t w a s n o t the purpose to correct overcrowded b a n d c o n d i t i o n s by restricting operation to a se- l e c t e d _qroup. O n t h e c o n t r a r y . it was believetl the T u l i T y n l u s e f r r l o c c r r p a n c y o f o t r r b a n d s w a s d e : t r a b l e r n o r . d e r l o d e m o n s t f a t e t h e n e c e s s i t V o f 0 u r p r e s e n t a l l o c a t i o n s .
The Executive Committee and the officers were directed to work out the details of the licensing recomnrendations within the frame_
work of the broad policies which had been laicl down. This is now being done and it is expectecl specific proposals will be made early this fall, after further consullation with the Aiie.to., hos taken place.
It was realizecl that an over-all program with the ramifications outlined here coulcl not be pLit into effect over night. Its success could onlv be measured in terms of years. Nevertheless, it was felt_time was running out and a start should be inade in-rmediately.
It was also realized there woul<j be opposition lo parts of the program by some elements and individuals within the amateur ranks. In view of all the surrouncling circumstances. however, the Board believed it had no alternarive .*"lpt i"
fCorttinued on page I09f l 4 o C Q o J q n u q r y , 1 9 6 4
TECHNICAL DATA
l m D e d a n c e : ' o u t 6 4 0 O h m s i n a n d ( u n b a l a n c e d t o g r o u n d ) Unwanted Side Band Rejection:
Greater than 55db Passband RiPPle: -r .5db Shape factor: 6 to 20db
1 . 1 5 to 1
Shape factor: 6 to 50db 1.44 to 1
Package Size: 27/ti' x L1Ytz" x l"
Price: $42.95 Each
ifi H
TECHNICAL DATA lmpedance: 560 Ohms in
a n d o u t
Unwanted Side Band Rejec' tion; Greater than 40db Passband RiPPle: -r- .Sdb Shape factor: 6 to 20db
1 . 2 1 t o I
Shape factor: 6 to 50db 1 . 5 6 to I
P a c k a g e S i z e : 1 % " x l % " x t "
Price: $32,95 Each
B o t h t h e G o l d e n G u a r d i a n a n d t h e S i l ' J#'iiiliinii iontain a precision Mccov i i i i " i i n o t * o o t t h e f a m o u s M ' l M c C o v i r s ' i l r r i [ o t C t v s t a l s . B v s w i t c h i n g c r v s '
t a t s e i t h e r u p p e r o r l o w e r . s i d e b a n d
;;;r;;; m-iy be selected Balanced
H J r i u t o , c i r d u i t w i l l b e s u p p l i e d u p o n r e o u e s t .
MEGACYCLES
rl
F o r f u l t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n , c h e c k n u m b e r 1 5 ' o n p a g e 1 1 0
neriT Allen hex sereurdriverls
ie6,,.', wbn'tlgo '
fired handle SCREWDftIVITS . 11 hex sizes:
.*l'o##*,0.:
alloy sieel blades Shockproof,
breakproof, amber plastic (UL) handles detacha$le BLIOES I hex sizes:
r,{!it#qls*,i." .
tiandles Availabtesincli; :
as a Set of six in free plastic pouch
* or in roll ftlt with handle l
WRITE FOR BULTETIT{ I{7f3
"ttil5ll,ry.l,,;,t,;
?iffil,,$i:Tiil,lj'A;f *
F o r f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n , check number 1 6 , o n p a g e 1 1 0
t 6 . C e r J q n u q r y , 1 9 6 4
EDITOR
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Thjs is just a brief note r(
:;;;,1'***::'n".1';'1'"1';-'"'Jl:'i':;[i"J;ff :.'l;
'" ln: ?;:,:':';'L.'Xi',I3::lil w-irr prove or great varue
gq' g;:i:$.,;; i:' r#;1 I'lr{} 3F .ye,J,r',,e
Editor, CO Tools
E d i t o r , C o
Bill Hadley, K3SGA l0g Sixth Ayenue Collegeville. penna.
Hcrm Clinic
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il','lil,Xu8 Ji* ::'J!;ili;.Ti"#'!? I "' u a ppre c ia r ion
_KgCPT Editor, Ce:
""1#::11 like to see HAM cLINIc not onlv conrinued but
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5 i p a r k p l a c e New york ?, N. y.
Ed_itor, Ce;
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