8.0 BIBLIOGRAFIA
1. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obtructive pulmonary disease: Updated 2016. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). 2016.
2. Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:
current burden and future projections. The European respiratory journal 2006; 27:
397-412.
3. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS medicine 2006; 3: e442.
4. Cazzola M, Puxeddu E, Bettoncelli G, et al. The prevalence of asthma and COPD in Italy: a practice-based study. Respiratory medicine 2011; 105: 386-91.
5. Cricelli C, Mazzaglia G, Samani F, et al. Prevalence estimates for chronic diseases in Italy: exploring the differences between self-report and primary care databases.
Journal of public health medicine 2003; 25: 254-7.
6. Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L, Becker K. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012; 7: 457-94.
7. Viegi G, Matteelli G, Angino A, et al. The proportional Venn diagram of obstructive lung disease in the Italian general population. Chest 2014; 126: 1093- 101.
8. Woubers EF. The burden of COPD in the Netherlands: results from the Confronting COPD survey. Respiratory medicine 2003; 97 Suppl C: S51-9.
9. Dal Negro R, Rossi A, Cerveri I. The burden of COPD in Italy: results from the Confronting COPD survey. Respiratory medicine 2003; 97 Suppl C: S43-50.
10. Kessler L, Partridge MR, Miravitlles M, Cazzola M, Vogelmeier C, Leynaud D, Ostinelli J. Symptom variability in patients with severe COPD: a pan-European crosssectional study. Eur Respir J 2011; 37:264-72.
11. Espinosa de los Monteros MJ, Pena C, Soto Hurtado EJ, Jareno J, Miravitlles M.
Variability of respiratory symptoms in severe COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 2012;
48: 3-7.
12. Rodriguez-Roisin R. Toward a consensus definition for COPD exacerbation. Chest 2000; 117: 398S-401S.
13. Burge S,Wedzicha JA. COPD exacerbations: definitions and classifications. Eur Respir J Suppl 2003; 41: 46s-53s.
14. Celli BR, Barnes PJ. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2007; 29: 1224-38.
15. Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli B, et al. Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respir Res 2010; 11:122.
16. Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1128-38.
17. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 948-68.
18. Eisner MD, Balmes J, Katz BP, Trupin L, Yelin E, Blanc P. Lifetime environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 4: 7-15.
19. Trupin L, Earnest G, San Pedro M, et al. The occupational burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 462-9.
20. Matheson MC, Benke G, Raven J, et al. Biological dust exposure in the workplace is a risk factor for chronic obstrucive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2005; 60: 645- 51.
21. Hinzdo E, Sullivan PA, Bang KM, Wagner G. Airflow obstruction attributable to work in industry and occupation among U.S. Race/ethnic groups: a study of NHANES III data. Am J Ind Med 2004; 46: 125-35.
22. Stoller JK, Aboussouan LS. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Lancet 2005; 365:
2225-36.
23. Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G. Association of birth weight with adult lung function: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study and a meta-analysis.Thorax 2005; 60: 851-8.
24. Svanes C, Sunyer J, Plana E. Early life origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorac 2010; 65: 14-20.
25. Zwar NA, Marks GB, Hermiz O, Middleton S, Comino EJ, Hasan I, et al.
Predictors of accuracy of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice. Med J Aust 2011 Aug 15; 195 (4): 168-71.
26. Albert P, Agusti A, Edwards L, Tal-Singer R, Yates J, Bakke P, et al.
Bronchodilator responsiveness as a phenotypic characteristic of established chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2012 Aug; 67 (8): 701-8.
27. Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, Wiklund I, Chen WH, Kline Leidy N.
Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 648-54.
28. van der Molen T, Willemse BW, Schokker S, ten Hacken NH, Postma DS, Juniper EF. Development, validity and responsiveness of the Clinical COPD Questionnaire. Healt Qual Life Outcomes 2003 Apr 28; 1: 13.
29. Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod D, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54: 581-6.
30. Soriano JB, Visick GT, Muellerova H, Payvandi N, Hansell AL. Patterns of comorbidities in newly diagnosed COPD and asthma in primary care. Chest 2005;
128: 2099-107.
31. Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. JAMA 1994; 272: 1497-505.
32. The tobacco use and dependance clinical practice guideline panel, staff, and consortium representatives. A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependance. JAMA 2000; 28: 3244-54.
33. Lancaster T, Stead L, Silagy C, Sowden A. Effectiveness of interventions to help people stop smoking: findings fron the Cochrane Library. BML 2000; 321: 355-8.
34. Calverley PMA. Symptomatic bronchodilator treatment. In: Calverley PMA, Pride NB, eds. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. London: Chapman and Hall;
1995: 419-45.
35. Spencer S, Calverley PM, Burge PS, Jones PW. Impact of preventing exacerbation
36. Drummond MB, Dasenbrook EC, Pitz MW, Murphy DJ, Fan E. Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2008; 300: 2407-16.
37. Calverley PM, Robe KF, Goehring UM, Kristiansen S, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ.
Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials. Lancet 2009; 374: 685-94.
38. Ram FS, Jones PW, Castro AA, et al. Oral theophylline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002; 4:
CD003902.
39. Alfageme I, Vazquez R, Reyes N, et al. Clinical efficacy of anti-pneumococcal vaccination in patient with COPD. Thorax 2006; 61: 189-95.
40. Galie N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 1219-63.
41. Nici L, Donner C, Wouters E, et al. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 1390-413.
42. Stoller JK, Panos RJ, Krachman S, Doherty DE, Make B. Oxygen therapy for patients with COPD: current evidence and the long-term oxygen treatment trial.
Chest 2010; 138: 179-87.
43. McEvoy RD, Pierce RJ, Hillman D, et al. Nocturnal noninvasive nasal ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD : a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2009; 64: 561- 6.
44. Naunheim KS, Wood DE, Mohsenifar Z, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients receiving lung-volume-reduction surgery versus medical therapy for severe emphysema by the National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82: 431-32.
45. Murray SA, Kendall M, Boyd K, Sheikh A. Illness trajectories and palliative care.
BMJ 2005; 330: 1007-11.
46. Vincken W, AumannJ, Chen H, Henley M, McBryan D, Goyal P. Efficacy and safety of co-administration of oncedaily indacaterol and glycopyrronium versus
indacaterol alone in COPD patients: the GLOW6 study. Int J COPD 2014 Feb 24;
9: 215-28.
47. Loke YK, Cavallazzi R, Singh S. Risk of fractures with inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Thorax 2011 Aug; 66 (8): 699-708.
48. Monso E, Rosell A, Bonet G, et al. Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis. Eur Respr J 1999; 13: 338-42.
49. Emerman CL, Connors AF, Lukens TW, Effron D, May ME. Relationship between arterial blood gases and spirometry in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Emerg Med 1989; 18: 523-7.
50. Stockley RA, O'Brien C, Pye A, Hill SL. Relationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2000; 117:
1638-45.
51. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in
primary and secondary care.
http://guidanceniceorguk/CG101/Guidance/pdf/English2010.
52. Davies L, Angus RM, Calverley PM. Oral corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 456-60.
53. Leuppi JD, Schuetz P, Bingisser R, Bodmer M, Briel M, Dresher T, et al. Short- term vs conventional glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the REDUCE randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013 Jun 5; 309 (2): 2223-31.
54. Woodhead M, Blaisi F, Ewing S, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 1138-80.
55. Rizkallah J, Man SF, Sin DD. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest 2009 Mar; 135 (3): 786-93.
56. Barnes PJ, Celli BR. Systematic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J 2009; 33: 1165-85.
57. Lange P, Mogelvang R, Marott JL, Vestbo J, Jensen JS. Cardiovascular morbidity in COPD: A study of the general population. COPD 2010; 7: 5-10.
58. Salpeter S, Ormiston T, Salpeter E. Cardioselective beta-blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2005:
CD003566.
59. Anthonisen NR, Connet JE, Enright PL, Manfreda J. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 333-9.
60. Benfield T, Lange P, Vestbo J. COPD stage and risk of hospitalization for infectious disease. Chest 2008; 134: 46-53.
61. Mannino DM, Thorn D, Swensen A, Holguin F. Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertnsion and cardiovascular disease in COPD. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:
962-9.
62. Martinez-Garcia MA, de la Rosa Carrillo D, Soler-Cataluna JJ, Donat-Sanz Y, Serra PC, Lerma MA, Ballestin J, Sanchez IV, Selma Ferrer MJ, Dalfo AR, Valdecillos MB. Prognostic value of bronchiectasis in patient with moderate-to- severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013 Apr 15; 187 (8): 823-31.
63. Halbert RJ, Natoli JL, Gano A, Badamgarav E, Buist AS, Mannino DM. Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. The European respiratory journal 2006; 28: 523-32.
64. G.F.T. Gruppo Formazione Triage. Triage infermieristico. Ed. McGraw-Hill, Milano, 2000.
65. Gai V. Triage: procedimento decisionale al servizio del paziente. C.G. Edizioni Medico Scientifiche, Torino, 2002.
66. Bressan MA. Organizzazione del triage in Pronto Soccorso. Eed. PI-ME, Pavia, 2001.
67. Menezes AM, Perez-Padilla R, Jardim JR, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study) : a prevalence study.
Lancet 2005; 366: 1875-81.
68. Schirnhofer L, Lamprecht B, Vollmer WM, et al. Results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Study. Chest 2007; 131: 29-36.
69. The European Lung, White Book. 2003. Edited by John Gibson, Robert Loddenkemper, Yves Sibille and Bo Lundback.
70. van de Boom G, van Schayck CP, van Mollen MP, et al. Active detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in the general population.
Results and economic consequences of the DIMCA program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1730-8.
71. Barrecheguren M, Monteagudo M, Ferre J, Borrell E, Llor C, Esquinas C, Miravitlles M. Treatment patterne in COPD patients newly diagnosed in primary care. A population-based study. Respir med 2016 Feb; 111:47-53.
72. Almagro P, Cabrera FJ, Diez J, et al. Comorbidities and short-term prognosis in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of COPD: the EPOC en Servicios de medicina interna (ESMI) study. Chest 2012; 5:1126-33.
73. Lindenauer PK, Stefan MS, Shieh MS, Pekow PS, Rothberg MB, Hill NS.
Outcomes associated with invasive and non-invasive ventilation among patients hospitalized with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA 2014; 12: 1982-93.
74. Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Gelfer Y, Varshavsky R, Dvoskin B, Leinonen M, Friedman MG. Pneumonic vs nonpenumonic acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2002 Oct; 122 (4): 1264-70.
75. Marcun R, Stankovic I, Vidakovic R, Farkas J, Kadivec S, Putnikovic B, Ilic I, Neskovic AN, Lainscak M. Prognostic implications of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern Emerg Med 2015 Sep 30.
76. Hasegawa W, Yamauchi Y, Yasunaga H, Sunohara M, et al. Factors affectiong mortality following emergency admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014; 14: 151.
77. Ranieri P, Bianchetti A, Margiotta A, Virgillo A, Clini EM, Trabucchi M.
Predictors of 6-month mortality in elederly patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease discharged from a medical ward after acute nonacidotic exacerbation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008 May; 56 (5): 909-13.
78. Costello R, Deegan P, Fitzpatrick M, McNicholas WT. Reversible hypercapnia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a distinct pattern of respiratory failure with a favorable prognosis. Am J Med 1997 mar; 102 (3): 239-44.
79. Yang H, Xiang P, Zhang E, Guo W, Shi Y, Zhang S, Tong Z. Is hypercapnia associated with poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? A long- term follow-up cohort study. BMJ Open 2015 Dec; 5 (12): e008909.