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(1)Sbilanciamoci!. Rapporto Sbilanciamoci!. Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 2012.

(2) SOSTENIAMO Sbilanciamoci! La continuazione dell’esperienza di Sbilanciamoci! è in pericolo. Dal 1999 Sbilanciamoci! è una voce libera ed indipendente che propone alternative concrete per un’economia di giustizia ed un diverso un modello di sviluppo. Ogni anno, grazie a Sbilanciamoci!, abbiamo avuto una serie di iniziative importanti: la finanziaria alternativa, che ci dice come usare in modo diverso la spesa pubblica; i dossier sulle spese militari e la cooperazione allo sviluppo; il rapporto (QUARS) sulle regioni italiani che, con 42 indicatori ambientali e sociali, ci spiega “come si vive in Italia”; un sito di informazione economica come sbilinfo che ci racconta “l’economia com’è e come dovrebbe essere”; l’appuntamento della controcernobbio dove movimenti e campagne propongono le loro alternative alle politiche neoliberiste. Tutto questo rischia di essere messo in pericolo dalla mancanza di risorse e e finanziamenti. Se finisce Sbilanciamoci! si chiude uno spazio di democrazia. Aiuta Sbilanciamoci! a sopravvivere. Fai una donazione sul conto corrente postale IT 59 S 07601 000033066002 o sul conto corrente bancario IT 45 L 05018 03200 000000001738, Banca Popolare Etica, intestate a Lunaria, specificando “donazione Sbilanciamoci!”. Laura Balbo Stefano Benni Ascanio Celestini Pino Ferraris Goffredo Fofi Luciano Gallino Paul Ginsborg Gad Lerner.

(3) Nota redazionale Questo rapporto è frutto di un lavoro collettivo al quale, in diversa forma, e per i temi di rispettiva competenza hanno collaborato: Licio Palazzini (Arci servizio civile), Massimo Paolicelli (Associazione Obiettori Nonviolenti), Tonino Aceti e Vittorio Ferla (Cittadinanzattiva), Roberta Carlini e Cristina Povoledo, (sbilanciamoci.info), Andrea Baranes e Antonio Tricarico (CRBM), Francesco Dodaro e Maurizio Gubbiotti (Legambiente), Grazia Naletto, Cristiana Colaiori, Duccio Zola e Sergio Andreis (Lunaria), Marcello Deotto (REDS), Giulio Marcon, Sara Nunzi, Mario Pianta e Chiara Ricci (Sbilanciamoci!), Stefano Lenzi (WWF), Patrizio Gonnella e Alessio Scandurra (Antigone), Mariano Bottaccio e Lucio Babolin (CNCA) Domenico Chirico (Un ponte per...), Claudio Riccio e Fabio Ingrosso (Rete della Conoscenza), Iacopo Viciani (ActionAid) Roberto Romano (Ires Cgil), Pitagora Si ringraziano, oltre alle organizzazioni aderenti alla campagna Sbilanciamoci!, la campagna I diritti alzano la voce, la Fish e l’Auser con le quali è stato realizzato “Il libro sul welfare italiano”, da cui sono tratti alcuni dei testi inclusi in questo Rapporto Sul sito www.sbilanciamoci.info si possono trovare numerosi contributi ed interventi sui temi trattati da questo Rapporto. La stesura del rapporto è stata conclusa il 18 novembre 2011 Si può ricevere una copia del rapporto scrivendo a [email protected] La campagna Sbilanciamoci! è autofinanziata: per contribuire alle sue iniziative si possono versare contributi sul conto corrente postale n°33066002 o sul conto corrente bancario 1738, ABI 5018 CAB 12100, presso Banca Popolare, filiale di Roma. Intestate a Lunaria e specificate nella causale Sbilanciamoci! Sul sito di Sbilanciamoci!: www.sbilanciamoci.org si possono consultare tutti i materiali e le pubblicazioni della campagna. In particolare scrivendo a [email protected] si può richiedere il volume “Dopo la crisi. Proposte per un’economia sostenibile” (prezzo 10 euro), a cura della campagna Sbilanciamoci e pubblicato dalle Edizioni dell’Asino. Per contatti e informazioni: Sbilanciamoci!, Via Buonarroti 39 – 00185 Roma Telefono 06-8841880, E-mail: [email protected], www.sbilanciamoci.org Stampa: Grafica Giorgetti, Roma Progetto grafico: Analphabet e-mail: [email protected] Impaginazione: Cristina Povoledo. Aderiscono alla campagna Sbilanciamoci!: ActionAid, Aiab, Altreconomia, Antigone, Arci, Arci Servizio Civile, Associazione Obiettori Nonviolenti, Associazione per la Pace, Beati i Costruttori di Pace, Campagna per la Riforma della Banca Mondiale, Carta, CIPSI, Cittadinanzattiva, CNCA, Comunità delle Piagge Firenze, Comitato italiano contratto mondiale sull’acqua, Comunità di Capodarco, Conferenza Nazionale Volontariato Giustizia, Coop. ROBA dell’Altro Mondo, CTM Altromercato, Crocevia, Donne in nero, Emergency, Emmaus Italia, Fair, Fondazione Culturale Responsabilità Etica, ICS, Icea, Gli Asini, Legambiente, Link, LILA, Lunaria, Mani Tese, Microfinanza srl, Movimento Consumatori, Nigrizia, Pax Christi, Rete Lilliput, Rete Universitaria Nazionale, Rete degli Studenti, Rete della conoscenza, Terre des Hommes, UISP, Unione degli Studenti, Unione degli Universitari, Un Ponte per…, WWF.

(4) RAPPORTO SBILANCIAMOCI! 2012 Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente.

(5) Indice 7. Presentazione. La crisi e le responsabilità del governo italiano. 11 11 18 23 25. La crisi economica: dove stiamo andando Le responsabilità dell’Europa Le responsabilità della finanza La strada stretta del nuovo governo Come affrontare nel merito tre grandi questioni: debito, spesa pubblica, redistribuzione. 33. La Legge di Stabilità per il 2012. 37. Giustizia e legalità fiscale. 39 39 43 47. Ambiente e sviluppo sostenibile La manovra finanziaria (n.111) di luglio 2011 La Legge di Stabilità approvata il 12 novembre 2011 La Manovra nello specifico. 48 48 57 59. Disarmare l’economia, costruire la pace Le spese militari Il servizio civile La Cooperazione allo sviluppo. 65 65 79 81 87 91 92. Welfare e diritti Le politiche sociali e sanitarie: il quadro dei tagli La scuola L’università L’immigrazione Il carcere Un piano giovani per l’Italia. 96 96 97 99 100 100. L’impresa di un’economia diversa La prospettiva di nuove produzioni e consumi La frontiera della mobilità sostenibile Puntare sulle energie rinnovabili Per un piano di piccole opere Sostenere l’altra economia.

(6) 103. Le proposte di Sbilanciamoci! per il 2012. 105. Giustizia e legalità fiscale. Le proposte nel dettaglio. 107 107 108. Ambiente e sviluppo sostenibile. Le proposte nel dettaglio Politiche energetiche Mobilità. 112 114 114. Disarmare l’economia, costruire la pace. Le proposte nel dettaglio Cooperazione allo sviluppo Attività di pace. 115 115 116 116 117 117 117 119 119 121. Welfare e diritti. Le proposte nel dettaglio Servizi e politiche sociali Casa Pari opportunità e gender Immigrazione Carceri Sanità Università Scuola Piano giovani. 121 121 122 123 123. L’impresa di un’economia diversa. Le proposte nel dettaglio Lavoro Sviluppo economico Ricerca Altra economia. Tabelle e grafici 360

(7) HĀØHILKIHLIÝH 0Ü HL HI 9 L LK Í491HÜĀ ĀØ KH L ILIÍ50 Tab. 3. Ù HL I HÚ H ÿ L IL Í52 Tab. 4. Situazione del personale militare nel 2012 a confronto ILLI IHâĀL KlÍ531HÜĀ"ĀÛ L H I H LLH K ĊHHÍ54 Tab. 6. Spe H H Í671HÜĀ$Ā* KHL H LK I Ý IL I H L HLL ÿ !Í68 Grafico ĀÓKH Hā LHL H LKILH ILH H HI H ā ÿ !Í83 Tab. 8. Fondo Finanziamento Ordinario HLL øÿ Í841HÜĀâĀÓIKI I KH ILK ÜK K LK KK HHK L ÜÜ "ÿ Í 86*H I Ā)ILK LHL H LKI ÜI K Iþââ%ÿ Í881HÜĀĀ0KHL H LK âââÿ Í 126 Tabella conclusiva Le proposte di Sbilanciamoci! per il 2012.

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(11) La crisi e le responsabilità del governo italiano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ome usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 9.

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(13) LA CRISI ECONOMICA: DOVE STIAMO ANDANDO Le responsabilità dell’Europa K%$%=!(&!,++,/#&),=!B!-@$$#--%!,*!O:7!'(!U,&&#-=!(*!<8I!&%0#1;/#!'#*!:7CC=!-#!&%&! @&!*#&5%=!+/%./#--(0%!-+%-5,1#&5%!'#.*(!#?@(*(;/(H!*,!O#/1,&(,!-#1+/#!/(.(',=!1,! '4,$$%/'%!,!#-5#&'#/#!.*(!(&5#/0#&5(!'(!-,*0,5,..(%V!*,!U(&,!-#1+/#!$,@5,=!1,!'(8 !/+,#@#&)%'%2,%.2+&+%('44#+.)V%4&#%G"'"#%2,#"#%!)(/.)%/#J%'#%('.4#,#%5)&&'%!0),'V%&'% O/#$(,!(&!@&4#1#/.#&),!$,%5($,V!*4A5,*(,!-$/#'(5,5,=!,*!$#&5/%!'#**,!-+#$@*,)(%&#!#! +.'%()!!'%!+""+%"2")&'%5'%W+((#!!#+,)%)2.+/)'%)%X+,5+%(+,)"'.#+6%Y#%9.+,")%'&8 &'%0.#!#%)2.+/)'$%4+-).,#%)%'2"+.#"*%5#%S.2Z)&&)!%!)42+,+%',0+.'%&'%-#'%5)#%/#00+&#% /'!!#$%!)(/.)%#,%.#"'.5+%5#%9.+,")%'&&'%.'/#5#"*%0+,%02#%&'%3,',7'%'""'00'$%5#%-+&"'% #,%-+&"'$%5)@#"+%/2@@&#0+%)%&#!"#,#%5#%S+.!'6%F'%/+&#"#0'%)2.+/)'%,+,%:'%5'"+%'&02,'% /(-+%-5,!,**4,*5#)),!'#**,!$/(-(2!. La spirale della crisi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`\D$%0+,%2,%/)!!#(+%5'"+%#,%L"'&#'% L8>=>JR=!1,!$,55(0%!,&$9#!(&!O#/1,&(,!L8I=CJR2!Q,5@/,*1#&5#!*,!'(-%$$@+,)(%&#! P%'%&#-)&&#%.)0+.5%)%#,%L"'&#'%P%.#/'."#"'%',0:)%&=#,a'7#+,)%Q+.'%'&%T$`\$%',0:)%/).% )8)""+%5)&&='2(),"+%5)&&=L-'%,)&&'%(',+-.'%5#%'4+!"+D6%F'%5)/.)!!#+,)%#,!+(('%P% /#J%-#0#,'%)%12)!"'%-+&"'%,)',0:)%&=)Z/+."%-).!+%#%/')!#%)().4),"#%/+".)@@)%.#2!0#8 .)%'%!'&-'.)%&)%)0+,+(#)%/#J%9+."#6 W:)%0+!'%!#%P%9'""+%!2&%9.+,")%5)&&'%0.#!#%3,',7#'.#'b%c#),")%"'!!'%!2&&)%".',!'7#+8 ,#%3,',7#'.#)%;%'%W',,)!$%!+&+%@2+,)%#,"),7#+,#%;$%,)!!2,'%!".)""'%0+,".+%#%/'.'5#!#% 3!0'&#$%,N%-#,0+&#%'&&)%+/).'7#+,#%5)&&)%@',0:)%)%5)&&'%S+.!'6%d,7#$%&'%S',0'%W),8 ".'&)%R2.+/)'%QS0)D%:'%#,+,5'"+%5#%&#12#5#"*%/.+/.#+%&)%@',0:)%/.#-'")$%5',5+!#%&'% /.#+.#"*%5#%)-#"'.)%#&%9'&&#(),"+%5#%12)&&)%;%9.',0)!#%)%")5)!0:)%;%/#J%)!/+!")6%M).%#% /')!#%#,%0.#!#$%&'%S0)%:'%9'""+%'%!#,4:#+77+%'012#!"#%5#%"#"+&#%/2@@&#0#%/).%0+,"),)8 Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 11.

(14) LA CRISI ECONOMICA: DOVE STIAMO ANDANDO. /#=!$%&!-$,/-(!/(-@*5,5(=!*4#-+*%-(%&#!'#.*(!-+/#,'2!A*!$,1;(,1#&5%!+(S!(1+%/5,&5#!B! !"'"+%&='..#-+$%#&%/.#(+%,+-)(@.)$%5#%e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fB\%5)&%-'&+.)%5)#%"#"+&#%4.)0#%0:)%:',,+%#,%/+."'9+4&#+V%#,%0'(@#+% ,0/,&&%!5(5%*(!#@/%+#(!.,/,&5(5(!',(!+,#-(!#@/%2!E,!*4,$$%/'%=!$9#!+/#0#'#!&@%0#! 1(-@/#!'(!,@-5#/(5G!+#/!*,!O/#$(,=!'%0/G!#--#/#!,++/%0,5%!',(!+,/*,1#&5(!'#(!+,#-(! )2.+/)#%)%5)3,#"+%()4&#+%0+,%&)%@',0:)%0.)5#".#0#6%L&%"),"'"#-+%5)&%&)'5).%4.)0+%d,8 5.)'!%M'/',5.)2%5#%!+""+/+.&+%'%2,%.)9).),52(%;%2,'%@2+,'%#5)'%0:)%.#5'-'%-+0)% '#%/.+0)!!#%5)(+0.'"#0#%;%:'%!0'"),'"+%#&%0.+&&+%5)&&)%@+.!)%)%'""'00:#%/+&#"#0#%5#% %.&(!5(+%V!*4('#,!B!$,'@5,!#=!$%&!#--,=!+%5/#;;#!$,'#/#!,&$9#!(*!.%0#/&%!-%$(,*(-5,2! E,!*4,$$%/'%!-@**,!O/#$(,!B!@&,!/(%/.,&()),)(%&#!'#*!'#;(5%!%!@&!!"#$%&'b%d%5)0#8 5).&+%,+,%P%&=R2.+/'$%)%"',"+(),+%d"),)O%P%2,%+!02.+%0+(#"'"+%5)&&=L,").,'"#+,'&% -Y,+-!,&'!'#/(0,5(0#!,--%$(,5(%&!$%1+%-5%!',!C>!/,++/#-#&5,&5(!'#**#!1,..(%/(! @',0:)%)%9+,5#%5=#,-)!"#(),"+%(+,5#'&#%Q,)!!2,'%#"'&#','D6%G+,+%/.+/.#+%#%/.+"'8 4+,#!"#%5)&&'%!/)02&'7#+,)%3,',7#'.#'%'%5)0#5).)%!)%&='00+.5+%-'%#,")./.)"'"+%0+()% 5)9'2&"%)%9'.*%12#,5#%!0'""'.)%#&%/'4'(),"+%5)#%()"!*'+!"#$%&'+,-$.,=!*#!N-$%11#-8 -#Z!-@**4(&-%*0#&),!'(!F5#&#!0#&'@5#!+#/!1(*(,/'(!'(!#@/%!,*(1#&5,&'%!.*(!,55,$$9(! ,**,!O/#$(,2 c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

(15) Le responsabilità dell’Europa. Spread, haircut e default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g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h%.)!/+,!'@#&#"*%5)&&='!!)% e).i)&EG'.i+7j%;%#(/+!"+!#%!),7'%&)4#""#('7#+,)%'&%0+(',5+%5)&&=R2.+/'%;%,+,% Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 13.

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kAB>>k>Bk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a'7#+,)% )%2,'%&2,4'%.)0)!!#+,)$%2,%5.'!"#0+%0'&+%5#%.)55#"#$%0+,!2(#%)%+002/'7#+,)$%3,+%'% ?@,&'%!*#!$,+,$(5G!+/%'@55(0#!#!*,!'%1,&',!(&5#/&,!-(,&%!/($%-5(5@(5#=!(&!1(-@/,!/(8 '%55,=!-@!;,-(!&,)(%&,*(2. La depressione che avanza. G)%&)%/.+!/)""#-)%3,',7#'.#)%!+,+%/)!!#()$%12)&&)%5)&&=)0+,+(#'%.)'&)%,+,%!+,+% (#4&#+.#6%G2&%9.+,")%5)&&'%0.)!0#"'%)0+,+(#0'%#,%R2.+/'%!#%P%9'""+%/+0:#!!#(+$%)%/.+8 /.#+%,2&&'%/).%.#&',0#'.)%&'%5+(',5'6%W#%!#%'!/)""'%0:)%#%().0'"#%9'00#',+%#&%!+&#"+% N1(/,$%*%Z!'(!5%/&,/#!,!$/#-$#/#!',!-%*(V!'(!+%*(5($9#!+#/!*,!/(+/#-,!#!'(!"%)/0/1!!*,! O#/1,&(,!&%&!0@%*#!-#&5(/#!+,/*,/#2!U(!-(!,-+#55,!$9#!*4%$$@+,)(%&#!+%--,!/(+/#&8 5).)%'"".'-).!+%2,%0'&+%5)#%!'&'.#%.)'&#%!2&%().0'"+%5)&%&'-+.+%;%0+()%!)%&)%#(/.)!)% 14. RAPPORTO SBILANCIAMOCI! 2012.

(17) Le responsabilità dell’Europa. ,--@1#--#/%!+(S!*,0%/,5%/(!?@,&'%!+%--%&%!+,.,/*(!1#&%=!,&$9#!-#!&%&!9,&&%!,! 0:#%-),5).)%#%/.+5+""#6%R%/).%9'.%!0),5).)%#%!'&'.#$%!+/.'""2""+%,)#%/')!#%5)&&'%/).#8 9).#'%0:)%:',,+%'-2"+%/.+52""#-#"*%!"'4,',")$%&'%.#0)""'%/.#,0#/'&)%;%)!/&#0#"'%,)&&'% &)"").'%5)&&'%S0)%'&%4+-).,+%#"'&#',+%)%,)&&)%(#!2.)%/.)/'.'")%5'%M'&'77+%W:#4#%;%P% *%!-1,&5#**,1#&5%!'#(!$%&5/,55(!&,)(%&,*(=!+(S!+%5#/#!,**#!(1+/#-#!#!1#&%!,*!-(&8 5'0'"+6%d,0:)%,)&%/.)0#/#"'.)%5)&&'%0.#!#$%,+,%-),4+,+%!0'&3"#%#%52)%/#&'!".#%5)&&'% 0+!".27#+,)%)2.+/)'%5)4&#%2&"#(#%-),"=',,#O%3,',7'%)%,)+&#@).#!(+6%d,7#$%-),4+8 ,+%.#/.+/+!"#%#,%5+!#%',0+.'%('44#+.#%;%!'&-'"'44#%5)&&)%@',0:)$%/.#-'"#77'7#+,#$% "'4&#%'&&'%!/)!'%/2@@&#0'%;%0+()%,/&%8*/1*!'#**,!$/(-(!,55@,*#2!"#!^*(5#!+%*(5($9#!#'! #$%&%1($9#=!#!*#!*%/%!+%*(5($9#!1%&#5,/(#=!1,$/%#$%&%1($9#!#!'#*!*,0%/%=!/#-5,&%! 9).()%'#%5+4(#%5)&%/'!!'"+%)%!"',,+%/+."',5+%&=R2.+/'%5.#""'%-).!+%&'%5)/.)!!#+,)6%. Le vie del cambiamento. E,=!',!*@.*(%!,!?@#-5,!+,/5#=!?@,*$9#!,*5/,!$%-,!B!-@$$#--,2!\!(*!/(5%/&%!-@**,! !0),'%5)&&'%H!)0+,5'%!2/)./+"),7'%(+,5#'&)C%;%#%(+-#(),"#%5'&%@'!!+%0:)%#&%>f% +""+@.)%AB>>%:',,+%(',#9)!"'"+%#,%lfB%0#""*%5#%^B%/')!#%5)&%(+,5+%/).%5#.)%0:)% 12)!"+%!#!")('%,+,%92,7#+,'$%0:)%&)%/+&#"#0:)%5)-+,+%0'(@#'.)6%H91!*:1$!/,Z=!N/7; 7%.$1'*C%5#%m'&&%G".))"%)%5#%0),"+%'&".)%/#'77)%;%0+(/.)!'%&'%4.',5)%(',#9)!"'7#+,)% #"'&#','$%/2.".+//+%!)12)!".'"'%5'%4.2//#%-#+&),"#%;%!+,+%&'%-+0)%0:)%,+,%!#%!),"#8 -'%&=)!"'")%!0+.!'$%)%0:)%/2I%0.)'.)%&)%0+,5#7#+,#%/).%2,%0'(@#'(),"+6%e'%<%$&"! 0'(@#'(),"+b%W+,%<%$&*!-5/@1#&5(!#!<%$&*%-#)%/).%.)'&#77'.&+b%L&%0'(@#'(),"+%/#J% ./,&'#!B!(*!)*'/)1/+!"&&$+./&*'*7$$%0+,%#!"#"27#+,#%)%!+44)""#%/2@@&#0#%;%#,%R2.+/'%)%,)8 4&#%!"'"#%;%'&&='&")77'%5)&&=)0+,+(#'%4&+@'&)$%0'/'0#%5#%#,").-),#.)%)%0+,5#7#+,'.)% &='7#+,)%5)&&)%#(/.)!)$%5)&&'%3,',7'%)%5)#%().0'"#6%n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ome usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 15.

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d&&=#,").,+%5)&&=R2.+/'$%#%/')!#%#,% $/(-(!'#0%&%!$/#,/#!@&!N_#/5($#!'#(!'#;(5%/(Z!$9#!&#.%)(!$%**#55(0,1#&5#!$%&!;,&8 0:)%/.#-'")$%S.2Z)&&)!%)%X(#%#&%/#',+%5#%'44#2!"'(),"+$%)%9'00#'%5'%0+,".'//)!+%'&&+% !".'/+").)%5)&&='!!)%e).i)&EG'.i+7j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m'&&% G".))"$%!#%/2I%5#.)%0:)%#&%ll\%5)#%0#""'5#,#%;%&)%-#""#()%5)&&'%0.#!#%;%5)-)%"+4&#).)%#&% $%&5/%**%!'#**4#$%&%1(,!,**4CJ!$9#!'#$('#!+#/!5@55(2!U%&!@&!+%4!+(S!'(!+/#$(-(%&#=! !#%/2I%5#.)%0:)%#&%l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

(19) Le responsabilità dell’Europa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d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h%#&%(+(),"+%5#%".+-'.)%9+.()%/#J%5#.)"8 ")%5#%)!/.)!!#+,)%)%5#%5)0#!#+,)%5)(+0.'"#0'$%0+!".2#")%!2&&=)!/).#),7'%5)#%.)9).),52(% #"'&#',#%0+,".+%&'%/.#-'"#77'7#+,)%5)&&='012'%)%0+,".+%&=),).4#'%,20&)'.)6%h%9+.!)%#&%(+8 1#&5%!'(!+/%1@%0#/#!@&!&@%0%!X%/@1!-%$(,*#!#@/%+#%!(&!$@(!(!1%0(1#&5(!$9#!-%&%! Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 17.

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ll\C%5#%!),7';/+").)6%h%12)!"+%&=H'44#2!"'(),"+%5#%.+""'C%0:)%!).-)%'&&=R28 .+/'$%!)%,+,%-2+&)%,'29.'4'.)6%R%'&%"#(+,)$%12)!"'%-+&"'$%,+,%/+".*%/#J%)!!).0#%2,'% 0&'!!)%5#.#4),")%;%/+&#"#0'%)5%)0+,+(#0'%;%0:)%:'%!@'4&#'"+%12'!#%"2""+6. Le responsabilità della finanza "4,55@,*#!$/(-(!'(-$#&'#!'(/#55,1#&5#!',!?@#**,!$9#!&#*!:77P]:776!9,!5/,0%*5%!*,! 3,',7'%#,").,'7#+,'&)%5+/+%&+%!0+//#+%5)&&'%@+&&'%5)#%(2"2#%,%0.)*A"!&#.*(!D-,2! G)0+,5+%!"#()%/.25),7#'&#$%+&".)%>`6BBB%(#&#'.5#%5#%!+&5#%/2@@&#0#%!+,+%!"'"#%!/)!#% 5'#%4+-).,#%)%5'&&)%#!"#"27#+,#%#,").,'7#+,'&#%/).%!'&-'.)%#&%!#!")('%3,',7#'.#+%.)8 -+%&-,;(*#!'#**,!$/(-(!-5#--,2!A&!,*5/#!+,/%*#=!&#.*(!@*5(1(!,&&(!,;;(,1%!,--(-5(5%!,! 2,%),+.()%".'!9).#(),"+%5#%!+&5#%5'&%/2@@&#0+%'&%!)""+.)%3,',7#'.#+%/.#-'"+$%+$%#,% (',#).'%!/)02&'.)$%5#%2,'%4#4',")!0'%(+,"'4,'%5#%5)@#"#%5'&&)%@',0:)%'4&#%G"'"#6 W+()%P%,'"+%12)!"+%4#4',")!0+%5)@#"+b%M).%0'/#.&+%@#!+4,'%',5'.)%'&&)%.'5#0#% 5)&&='""2'&)%0.#!#%3,',7#'.#'6%Y'%+&".)%2,%".),"),,#+%#&%!#!")('%/.+52""#-+%+00#5),8 "'&)% P% ),".'"+% #,% 2,'% 9'!)% 5#% !+-.'//.+527#+,)6% n2)!"'$% '!!#)()% '&&'% /+!!#@#&#"*% '#**#!(1+/#-#!'(!'#*%$,*()),/#!*,!+/%'@)(%&#!0#/-%!(!K,#-(!'%0#!-%&%!1(&%/(!(!$%-5(! '#*!*,0%/%=!9,!+%/5,5%!,!@&,!$%1+/#--(%&#!'#(!-,*,/(2!. Il travaso di ricchezza dal lavoro alla finanza. [@#-5%!+/%$#--%!9,!$%1+%/5,5%!@&!.(.,&5#-$%!-+%-5,1#&5%!'#**,!/($$9#)),!',(! !'&'.#% )% 5'&% &'-+.+% -).!+% &)% .),5#")% )% #% /.+3""#% 3,',7#'.#6% L,% L"'&#'$% ,)&&=2&"#(+% 18. RAPPORTO SBILANCIAMOCI! 2012.

(21) Le responsabilità della finanza. 0#&5#&&(%!'#**%!-$%/-%!-#$%*%!C:7!1(*(,/'(!'(!#@/%!-%&%!+,--,5(!',(!*,0%/,5%/(!,(! /.+3""#%3,',7#'.#6%L,%'&".)%/'.+&)$%#%&'-+.'"+.#%)%#%0#""'5#,#%!#%!+,+%".+-'"#%/.+4.)!8 -(0,1#&5#! +(S! +%0#/(=! 1#&5/#! *#! (1+/#-#! (11#55#0,&%! -@*! 1#/$,5%! -#1+/#! +(S! /.+5+""#6%W+()%.#!+&-).)%12)!"+%/'.'5+!!+b%W+()%-),5).)%!)(/.)%/#J%'2"+(+@#&#$% /#J%")&)9+,#,#%)%/#J%/.+5+""#%'%/).!+,)%!)(/.)%/#J%/+-).)b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lf\%5)&&'%/+/+&'7#+,)6% Y)""'%#,%(',#).'%',0+.'%/#J%!)(/&#0)$%&'%3,',7'%/.)!"'-'%'#%0#""'5#,#$%0+,%#%5+-2"#% #,").)!!#$%#%!+&5#%0:)%&)%'-)-'%!+"".'""+6%R%12',5+%#%!+&5#%!+"".'""#%!+,+%5#-),"'"#%".+//#$% ?@,&'%!(!/#''(5(!-(!-%&%!+%*,/()),5(!#$$#--(0,1#&5#!0#/-%!(!+(S!/($$9(=!(*!.(%$,55%*%!-(!B! .+""+%)%&'%(+,"'4,'%5#%5)@#"#%P%9.','"'6%c)4&#%]!'$%,)4&#%',,#%=oB$%&=>\%/#J%.#00+%5)&&'% /+/+&'7#+,)%5)"),)-'%#&%l\%5)#%.)55#"#$%(),".)%,)&%ABBo%&'%12+"'%).'%!'&#"'%'&%AT$f\$% )!'""'(),")%&'%!")!!'%/).0),"2'&)%5)&%>lA^$%'&&'%-#4#&#'%5)&&'%[.',5)%Y)/.)!!#+,)6%F'% .#00:)77'%5#%12)!"+%f\%P%/'!!'"'%5'&%AA\%5)&%>l^T%'&%T`\%5)&%ABBo%0+!g%0+()%P%/'!8 !'"'%5'&%A`\%5)&%>lAB%'&%T`\%5)&%>lA^6%G)(@.'%/.+/.#+%0:)%+&".)%2,'%0)."'%!+4&#'%5#% '(-@.@,.*(,&),!*,!-%$(#5G!0,',!(&$%&5/%!,!@&,!$/(-(!-(-5#1($,!#!,!@&,!0#/,!#!+/%+/(,!'(8 -./#.,)(%&#!+#/!#$$#--(0,!$%&$#&5/,)(%&#!'#**#!/($$9#))#!&#**#!1,&(!'(!+%$9(2 Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 19.

(22) LA CRISI ECONOMICA: DOVE STIAMO ANDANDO. Cos’è la finanza oggi?. n2)!"+%".'!9).#(),"+%5#%.#!+.!)%5'&&=)0+,+(#'%.)'&)%'&&'%3,',7'%P%,)0)!!'.#+% ',0:)%/).%4'.',"#.)%#%/.+3""#%#,%5+//#'%0#9.'%#,!)42#"#%5'4&#%!/)02&'"+.#6%G)%#&%M#&% 5)&%(+,5+%0.)!0)%5)&%A\%&=',,+%)%&'%3,',7'%5)-)%4'.',"#.)%/.+3""#%0#,12)%+%5#)0#% -+&")%!2/).#+.#$%/).I$%'@@#'(+%2,%/.+@&)('6%c)&%&2,4+%/).#+5+$%+%#&%!#!")('%3,',8 7#'.#+%-'(/#.#77'%&=)0+,+(#'%.)'&)$%0+,"#,2',5+%'%/.+!0#24'.)%.#!+.!)$%+%&'%3,',7'% 0.)'%.#00:)77'%3""#7#'$%4+,3',5+%@+&&)%0:)%/.#('%+%/+#%!0+//#',+%/.+-+0',5+%0.#!#% )%(#!).#'6%L,%'&".)%/'.+&)%2,%e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d,"+,#+%#%,+!".#%0+,"#%0+..),"#$%9+,5#%5#%#,-)!"#(),"+%)%9+,5#%/),!#+8 ,)%'&#(),"',+%#&%".'!9).#(),"+%5#%.#!+.!)%5'&%&'-+.+%'&&'%3,',7'6%F'%4.',%/'.")%5)#% 0'/#"'&#%0:)%4#.',+%!2#%().0'"#%3,',7#'.#%/.+-#),)%#,%2&"#('%#!"',7'%5'%&'-+.'"+.#% )%/#00+&#%.#!/'.(#'"+.#6%W+()%5#.)%0:)$%+&".)%0:)%-#""#()%5#%12)!"'%0.#!#%3,',7#'.#'$% &#!-(,1%!,&$9#!$%1+*($(2!. Dopo la crisi del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

(23) Le responsabilità della finanza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h%5#<0#&)%!/)02&'.)%!2#%"#"+&#%5#% G"'"+%")5)!0:#$%/).0:N%#&%&+.+%.),5#(),"+%P%/.)!!+0:N%#,-'.#'@#&)6%e+&"+%/#J%H5#8 -)."),")C%!0+(()"").)%!2%"#"+&#%(+&"+%-+&'"#&#$%12'&#%12)&&#%5#%,'7#+,#%#,%5#<0+&"*% $%1#!*,!O/#$(,=!*4A/*,&',!%!%..(!*4A5,*(,2!O(.,&5#-$9#!-$%11#--#!$9#!#-,-+#/,&%!*#! +!0#&&'7#+,#%5)#%/.)77#%)%&'%!")!!'%#,!"'@#&#"*$%'"".'),5+%,2+-#%!12'&#%5)&%(+,5+%38 ,',7#'.#+6%G+,+%12)!"#%#%(+"#-#%'&&'%@'!)%5)&&='""2'&)%5#<0+&"*%5#%(+&"#%M')!#$%)%#,% +,/5($%*,/#!'#**%!,.)"$!!5/,!5(5%*(!(5,*(,&(!#!5(5%*(!5#'#-$9(!$9#!B!'(0#&5,5%!(*!&@%0%! +,/,1#5/%!$9#!/#.%*,!%.&(!+%*(5($,!+@;;*($,2. Pareggio di bilancio e democrazia. h%!2%12)!")%@'!#%0:)%&+%!0+.!+%f%'4+!"+%&'%S',0'%W),".'&)%R2.+/)'%:'%#,-#'"+% 2,'%&)"").'%!)4.)"'%'&%4+-).,+%#"'&#',+6%F'%S0)%0:#)5)%H&'%/#),'%&#@).'&#77'7#+,)% '#(!-#/0()(!+@;;*($(!*%$,*(!`ab!,55/,0#/-%!+/(0,5()),)(%&(!-@!*,/.,!-$,*,Z2!U9(#'#! 5#%H.#"'4&#'.)%#%!'&'.#%)%&)%0+,5#7#+,#%5#%&'-+.+%'&&)%)!#4),7)%!/)0#30:)%5)&&)%'7#),8 5)C6%c)4&#%2&"#(#%/'.'4.'3%&'%S0)%'..#-'%'%!0.#-).)%0:)%H-#!"'%&'%4.'-#"*%5)&&='""2'&)% !#"2'7#+,)%!2#%().0'"#%3,',7#'.#%pqr%!'.)@@)%'//.+/.#'"'%',0:)%2,'%.#9+.('%0+8 -5(5@)(%&,*#Z2!Q%&!B!$9(,/%!-#!?@#-5,!*#55#/,!-(,!+(S!-+,0#&5%-,!&#*!1#/(5%!%!&#*! ()"+5+6%c)&%().#"+$%(),+%5#%52)%()!#%5+/+%#&%.)9).),52(%#,%02#%Ao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d,0+.'%/)44#+$%0+()%!)% ?@#-5#!/($9(#-5#!&%&!,&',--#/%!#-,55,1#&5#!&#**,!'(/#)(%&#!'(!#-,-+#/,/#!*4(&.(@8 -5()(,!-%$(,*#!#!*,!0#/.%.&%-,!'(-5/(;@)(%&#!'#*!/#''(5%!$9#!-%&%!(&!@*5(1,!,&,*(-(! *#!$,@-#!$9#!$(!9,&&%!$%&'%55%!,**4#$$#--%!'(!'#;(5%!#!,**,!$/(-(2!",&$(,5(!$%1#!5/#8 Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 21.

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ome uscire dalla crisi?. W..(!-#1;/,!?@(&'(!$9#!*,!-5/,',!+#/!@-$(/#!',!?@#-5,!-(5@,)(%&#!-(,!%;;*(.,5,H! -5/(&.#/#!*,!$(&.9(,!#!,$$#55,/#!+(,&(!'(!,@-5#/(5G!+#/!/(1#55#/#!(&!-#-5%!(!$%&5(!+@;8 @&#0#6%W+()%5#.)%0:)%&=)00)!!+%5#%5)@#"+%/'!!'"+%5'&&'%3,',7'%'4&#%G"'"#%5)-)%+.'% /'!!'.)%5'4&#%G"'"#%'#%0#""'5#,#$%'&".#(),"#%&'%!")!!'%3,',7'%!#%'..'@@#'6%h%2,'%!#"2'8 7#+,)%'%5#.)%/+0+%/'.'5+!!'&)6%W#%-#),)%5)""+%0:)%&)%@',0:)%,+,%/+!!+,+%9'&&#.)$%4&#% G"'"#%,+,%/+!!+,+%9'&&#.)$%12#,5#%/#2""+!"+%5)-+,+%9'&&#.)%#%0#""'5#,#6%h%#&%!),!+%5)#% "'4&#%'&&)%!/)!)%/2@@&#0:)$%'&%K)&9'.)$%'#%!).-#7#%)!!),7#'&#%)%'#%5#.#""#%'%02#%'!!#!"#'8 1%!(&!?@#-5#!-#55(1,&#2!Q%&!B!0#/%!$9#!*#!,*5#/&,5(0#!&%&!$(!-%&%2!F11#--%!#!&%&! $%&$#--%!$9#!(*!'#;(5%!0,',!+,.,5%=!*4@&($,!-5/,',!+%--(;(*#!B!(*!5,.*(%!'#**#!-+#-#=! #,%'00+.5+%0+,%&'%5+"".#,'%,)+&#@).#!"'%#(/+!"'%5'&&'%S0)%)%5'&&)%'&".)%#!"#"27#+,#% #,").,'7#+,'&#b%R%'(()!!+%)%,+,%0+,0)!!+%0:)%!#%5)@@',+%"'4&#'.)%&)%!/)!)$%5'--)8 .+%@#!+4,'%"'4&#'.)%K)&9'.)%)%!/)!)%!+0#'&#b%F'%(',+-.'%3,',7#'.#'%.#42'.5'%&=2!+% 5)&&)%,+!".)%"'!!)$%5)#%,+!".#%!+&5#$%/).%5)0#5).)%#&%,+!".+%92"2.+6%c+,%P%/),!'@#&)%#,% 2,%!#!")('%0:)%!#%-2+&)%5)(+0.'"#0+%0:)%'&02,#%@2.+0.'"#%5#%X.',0+9+.")%0#%#(/+,8 .,&%!1(-@/#!+#&-,5#!@&($,1#&5#!+#/!$%1+(,$#/#!*,!-+#$@*,)(%&#!(&5#/&,)(%&,*#2! T(1,&#&'%!,**#!+%$9#!-$#*5#!'#*!&%-5/%!.%0#/&%=!&%&!B!+#&-,;(*#!$9#!(!$(55,'(&(! &%&!+%--,&%!'(/#!*,!*%/%!/(-+#55%!,**,!'#$(-(%&#!'(!-+#&'#/#!C>!1(*(,/'(!'(!#@/%!+#/! '012#!"'.)%5)#%0'00#'@+(@'.5#).#$%2,'%0#9.'%9+.!)%!2/).#+.)%/).%@20'.)%&'%s'&%G2!'% $%&5/%!(*!0%*#/#!'(!@&4(&5#/,!$%1@&(5G=!1#&5/#!,--(-5(,1%!,!5,.*(!,**4(-5/@)(%&#=!,**,! !',#"*$%'&&'%.#0).0'$%'&&'%02&"2.'6%R%!)%#,-)0)%5)&&)%!/)!)%42'.5'!!#(+%'&&)%),".'8 ")b%F=)-'!#+,)%3!0'&)%#,%L"'&#'%!2/).'%#%>fB%(#&#'.5#%5#%)2.+%&=',,+6%h%/).I%5#<0#&)% /'.&'.)%5#%&+""'%'&&=)-'!#+,)%(),".)%#&%4+-).,+%',,2,0#'%0+,5+,#%3!0'&#6%M).0:N%&=L8 5,*(,!&%&!-#.@#!(!K,#-(!#!*#!(-5(5@)(%&(!#@/%+##!$9#!$9(#'%&%!*4(&5/%'@)(%&#!'(!@&,! "'!!'%!2&&)%".',!'7#+,#%3,',7#'.#)%/).%0+,".'!"'.)%&'%!/)02&'7#+,)%)%4),).'.)%2,% 4)""#"+b%M).0:N%',0+.'%+44#%P%0+!g%5#<0#&)%/'.&'.)%5)&&=#,".+527#+,)%5#%2,'%"'!!'% /'".#(+,#'&)b%d,5',5+%',0+.'%'%(+,")%5#%2,%5#!0+.!+%!2%),".'")%)%2!0#")6%L&%5)@#8 22. RAPPORTO SBILANCIAMOCI! 2012.

(25) Le responsabilità della finanza. "+%-'%/'4'"+%'5%+4,#%0+!"+b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b%. La strada stretta del nuovo governo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d&&=#(/+!"'% /'".#(+,#'&)%-'%'<',0'"'%&'%.)-#!#+,)%5)4&#%)!"#(#%0'"'!"'&#%)%-'%.)#,".+5+""'%&=#(8 Come usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 23.

(26) LA CRISI ECONOMICA: DOVE STIAMO ANDANDO. +%-5,!'(!-@$$#--(%&#2!A&!0(,!-5/,%/'(&,/(,!0,!+/#0(-5%!@&!$%&5/(;@5%!'(!-%*(',/(#5G! !2#% 0'/#"'&#% !025'"#6% L,% 2,'% 9'!)% #,% 02#% &)% /.+!/)""#-)% 5#% #,a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o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c!?@,&'%!.*(! (&'(/())(!+%*(5($(!'(0#&&#/%!@&%!-+(,$#0%*#!#-#/$()(%!'(!$*(#&5#*,V!*,!/(+/%+%-()(%&#=! ,..(%/&,5,=!'(!?@#**,!#-+#/(#&),=!+%5/#;;#!,$$#*#/,/#!*,!/(+/#-,!#$%&%1($,!#!*,!5/,&8 -()(%&#!0#/-%!@&4#$%&%1(,!$%1+,5(;(*#!$%&!*,!-,*0,.@,/'(,!'#**4,1;(#&5#2! M).%!+!"),).)%&=+002/'7#+,)%!+,+%5'%#,0+.'44#'.)%9+.()%5#%.)5#!".#@27#+,)%5)&% 24. RAPPORTO SBILANCIAMOCI! 2012.

(27) La strada stretta del nuovo governo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ome affrontare nel merito tre grandi questioni: debito, spesa pubblica, redistribuzione "#!,*5#/&,5(0#!+#/!*,!+%*(5($,!(5,*(,&,!-(!+%--%&%!,/5($%*,/#!(&!5/#!./,&'(!?@#-5(%&(H! *,!.#-5(%&#!'#*!'#;(5%V!*,!/(%/.,&()),)(%&#!'#**,!-+#-,!+@;;*($,!#!*#!+%*(5($9#!+#/!*,! '%1,&',V!*,!/#'(-5/(;@)(%&#!'#*!/#''(5%!#!'#**,!/($$9#)),2!. Come gestire un debito di 1.900 miliardi di euro (e mettere sotto controllo la finanza) t44#%&=L"'&#'%:'%2,%5)@#"+%/2@@&#0+%5#%>6lBB%(#&#'.5#%5#%)2.+$%+&".)%#&%>AB\%5)&% M#&$%2,%#,5#0'"+.)%#(/.+/.#+%/).0:N%()"")%'%0+,9.+,"+%&+%!"+0i%5#%5)@#"+%0+,%#&% a2!!+%5#%.)55#"#%5)&&=',,+6%c)&%ABB^%#&%.'//+."+%).'%'&%>B?\%)%0+,%&'%0.#!#%P%!'&#8 "+%.'/#5'(),")$%+&".)%#%&#-)&&#%5#%12#,5#0#%',,#%9'$%'&&='--#+%5)&&=],#+,)%(+,)"'.#'% )2.+/)'$%12',5+%0#%!#'(+%#(/)4,'"#%0+&%_.'""'"+%5#%e''!".#0:"%'%9'.%!0),5).)%.'8 /#5'(),")%&+%!"+0i%5)&%5)@#"+%/2@@&#0+%'&%?B\%5)&%M#&6%n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ome usare la spesa pubblica per i diritti, la pace, l’ambiente. 25.