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Corso di Laurea Laurea magistrale in Scienze e Tecnologie Geologiche

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UNIVERSITÀ DI PISA

Corso di Laurea

Laurea magistrale in Scienze e Tecnologie Geologiche

Anno Accademico 2013-2014

Candidato Priscilia Jessie Kinouani

Titolo della tesi

“DELIMITAZIONE DELLA ZONA DI PROTEZIONE DEL “CAMPO-POZZI GRETI”: LOCALITA GREVE IN CHIANTI

Relatore...Prof. Patrizia Macera... Correlatore... Dott.ssa Brunella Raco...

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Abstract

The present job of thesis makes part of a project developed within a collaboration among Region Tuscany and Institute of geosciences and earth resources (IGG) of the CNR in Pisa, having for objective the study of a methodology for the individualization of the zones of protection of wells or rising drinking water , distributed on the Tuscan regional territory, as well as the presentation of an example of delimitation related to the field wells Pebbly shores, place Heavy river in Chianti. Water is an essential resource for the life, for the development and the environment. It is an ended resource and vulnerability, partially renewable visas the necessary times to restore situations of possible overexploitations, and that it asks for an efficient management for her defense and safeguard so that to also guarantee her use to the future generations. It is often subject to emergencies both from the qualitative point of view that quantitative. From the qualitative point of view, the emergencies derive from possible situations of pollution originated from varied substances used on the grounds, unloading of refusals of various kind and mixtures of industrial origin.

It 'obvious to note that the occurrence of water contamination of the aquifer depends not only on groundwater vulnerability, but also from the susceptibility of an aquifer in the process of interaction water-rock to absorb the contaminants and to allow their propagation along the same aquifer. The vulnerability of the aquiferis subtends to various factors what the ability of auto-purification of the ground, the depth to of the stratum, the connection between stratum and the courses of water and above all to the degree of protection of the aquifers. The zones of protection, together with those of absolute guardianship and of respect, they constitute the areas of safeguard. In detail, the zone of absolute guardianship immediately represents the overlooking zone the work of taking (10 meters ray from the point of uptake ); the zone of respect constitutes a portion of territory around the zone of absolute guardianship that is submitted to ties and such destinations of use by to protect the water (in absence of other individualizations it has an extension of 200 meters ray from the point of uptake) resource; the zone of protection represents a vast area for whose delimitation it is necessary to take into account of the whole area of recharge of the stratum, of the natural and artificial emergencies and of the backup zones. The defense of the acquiferis from the pollution is turned to areas that are already interested by pollution, or to those that could be for instance it in areas of urbanization, through plans of guardianship elaborated by the Regions. These must foresee some interventions that privilege the guardianship of the zones of uptake of the water and the surrounding territory through a

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narrow control of the possible sources of contamination. In this job she has been effected, everything, a careful analysis on the inherent legislation the areas of safeguard, departing from the normative community that says the lines it drives for the guardianship of the water resource destined to the human consumption, thin to reach the norms emanated by some Italian regions. And' in fact performs some Regions the choice of the criterion for the individualization of the areas of safeguard and the delimitation of the same on the territory. One of the objectives of the thesis have been that to face the scientific aspects on the delimitation of the zones of protection around the field-wells, that together with those of absolute guardianship they go to form the areas of safeguard. The criterions used for the delimitation of the zones of protection, pointed out by the normative one, are:(a) type geologic and they concern the presentation of the location of the field wells, the recognition of the structures geological and the individualization of the geologic trials that have interested the area of study; (b) hydrogeological, these foresee the study of the whole area of recharge of the stratum and they consist of defining the areas of safeguard through considerations technical - scientific based on the knowledge of underground hydrogeochemistry and on the characteristic structural - stratigraphic of the aquifer; (c) geochemical, these are founded on hydrogeochemical analysis and isotopic of the waters and you/they are not only used for defining its aspects qualitative, but also for the reconstruction of the different water circuits. The project inside which the thesis is developed has as before expectation phase the individualization, from the various AATO (Authority of Optimal Territorial Circle) coordinated by the Region Tuscany, of works of uptake held priority in the whole regional scenery. In second phase already proceeds to the acquisition of the necessary information through the recovery and the reprocessing of all the data related to the areas of study in possession of the AATO. Finally proceeds to the execution of new analyses furnishing specific programs for the harvest of the data. The acquisition and the production of the new data have been taken care of by the various AATO, while my job, inside the IGG-CNR you/he/she has been turned both to the acquisition of new data

and to the elaboration of the same.

Finally proceeds to the real delimitation of the zone of protection on the case specific Pebbly shores, individualized together through a methodological criterion of that uses, in a first phase, of the study of the order of the geological formations characteristics of the area, of the idrogeological analysis of the same, as well as of the deductions drawn by the hydrodynamic investigation of the aquifer. Everything, validated by the results obtained by the chemical and isotopic analyses effected on the sources mails on the reliefs and on a series of wells individualized near the field wells, has allowed to circumscribe a zone of protection, that partly him far from the trace of the hydrographic basin of the Heavy River in Chianti. Particularly, the study of the geological formations and of their order, through the analysis of the sections in the area of Heavy, she has allowed to underline an

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idrostructural trim that, relatively to the acquiferis in rock, it favors an underground water flow from N to S. In conclusion, this type of fine-disciplinary approach has allowed to study in the detail the basin of feeding of the field wells "Pebbly shores" and to delimit its zone of protection setting the accent on that area that mostly contributes to the feeding of the stratum gained by the well in examination. she will be performed some local corporate body to adopt interventions as prescriptions or particular destinations of use of the territory, to insert in the urbanistic tools is general that of sector that they will allow a best defense of the underground water resource. A general consideration, that derives from the present job, brings to recognize in the tool of the areas of protection an useful strategy for the guardianship of such a precious resource: safeguard not end to herself but conjugated to the increasing need of sustainable development of the urban and sub-urban areas and sustainable use of the natural resources. The notion of sustainable use, particularly, of the drinking water resources , translates the necessity to find an equilibrium between the tied up demands of economic development to the exploitation of such resources and the imperatives of their protection and maintenance to middle and long term, in such way that the actual use of the natural resources doesn't jeopardize their future employment. Of fundamental importance, it is the fact that the resources of the planet must have managed so that to assure the satisfaction both of the present generations that of those future. This implicates the possibility to shape, also to international level, a real fundamental human right to the water. To such individual right, it would correspond an obligation of States to do yes that the activities of economic exploitation of the resources themselves are in every case compatible with the objective to assure drinkable water in quantity and enough quality to sustain the fundamental necessities of the interested populations.

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