List of Abbreviations

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List of Abbreviations

V

List of Abbreviations

4E-‐BP1: 4E-‐binding protein 1; AcOH: acetic acid;

aq.: aqueous solution; APS: ammonium persulfate; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; (Boc)2O: di-‐tert-‐butyl dicarbonate;

BAD: BCL antagonist of cell death; Br2: bromine;

BSA: bovine serum albumin; CDI: 1,1'-‐carbonyldiimidazole; CHCl3: chloroform;

CSC: Cancer Stem Cells;

CTD: carboxyl-‐terminal regulatory domain; DAG: diacylglycerol;

DIPEA: N,N-‐Diisopropylethylamine;

DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; DMF: N,N-‐dimethylformamide;

DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide;

DNA-‐PK; DNA-‐dependent protein kinase; EGF: epidermal growth factor;

EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor;

eIF4E: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E;

eNOS: nitric oxide synthase;

Et2O: diethylether;

EtOAc: ethylacetate; FBS: foetal bovine serum;

FGF-‐2: fibroblast growth factor-‐2; FKBP12: 12-‐kDa FK506-‐binding protein; FoxO: Forkhead box transcription factors; GBM: Glioblastma Multiforme;

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Glut1/3/4: glucose transporter 1/3/4; GPCRs: G-‐protein-‐coupled receptors; GSC: glioma stem cells;

HCl: hydrochloric acid;

HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HIF-‐1α: hypoxia-‐inducible factor;

IGFs: insulin-‐like growth factors; ILK: integrin-‐linked kinase;

IP3: inositol-‐1,4,5-‐ trisphosphate; iPrOH: Isopropyl alcohol;

KSCN: potassium thiocyanate; M: molar concentration;

MAPKAPK2: mitogen-‐activated protein kinase-‐activated protein kinase-‐

2;

MDM2: mouse double minute 2-‐homolog; MDR: multi drug resistance;

MeOH: methanol; mmol: millimoles; Mp: melting point;

MTD: maximum tolerated dose;

mTOR: mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin; mTORC 1/2: mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2;

MTT: 3-‐(4,5-‐Dimethylthiazol-‐2-‐yl)-‐2,5-‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide; MW: microwave;

N: normal concentration; N2: nitrogen;

Na2SO4: sodium sulphate;

NaH: sodium hydride;

NaHCO3: sodium bicarbonate;

NaOH: sodium hydroxide; NF-‐κB: necrosis factor-‐κB;

NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance;

NO: nitric oxide;

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n.c: not calculated;

OXIDs: 2-‐oxindole derivatives;

PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS: phosphate-‐buffered saline;

PBS-‐T: PBS-‐Tween; PD: pharmacodynamic; PDB: Protein Data Bank;

Pd-‐C: palladium 10% on activated charcoal; PFK2: phosphofructokinase 2;

PFS: progression-‐free survival; PH: pleckstrin homology;

PHLPP: PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-‐kinase;

PI3P: Phosphatidylinositol 3-‐phosphate; PIF: PDK1 interacting fragment;

PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-‐bisphosphate;

PIP3: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-‐trisphosphate;

PK: pharmacokinetic; PKC: protein kinase C; PLC: phospholipase C;

PP2A: protein phosphatase 2A;

PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog protein; PtIns: phosphoinositides;

rt: room temperature, 20-‐25 °C; RSK: p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RTKs: receptor tyrosine kinase;

S6K: p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinases; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate;

SEM: standard error of mean;

SGK1: serum-‐ and glucocorticoid-‐induced protein kinase 1; SOCl2: thionyl chloride;

TBTU: O-‐(Benzotriazol-‐1-‐yl)-‐N,N,N′,N′-‐tetramethyluronium tetra-‐

fluoroborate;

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List of Abbreviations VIII TEMED: tetramethylethylenediamine; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid;

TLC: thin layer chromatography; TMS: tetramethylsilane;

TMZ: Temozolomide;

Tris: tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane); TSC1/2: tuberous sclerosis complex-‐1/2; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; Vps34: vacuolar protein sorting 34.