in Taipei City?

What Are The Citizens’ Needs in Taipei City?

What Are The Citizens’ Needs

in Taipei City?

Convenience Store in Taipei City.

...a small store that stocks a range of everyday items such as groceries, snack foods, candy, toiletries, soft drinks, tobacco products, and newspapers. Such stores may also offer money order and wire transfer services.

In some jurisdictions, corner stores are licensed to sell alcohol, typically beer and wine. They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not in a rural location and are used as a convenient supplement to larger stores.

Amy Brown, Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation, 2010

What is a Convenience Store?

A convenience store was innovated in America, and opened in Asia later. Every area has its own stander of the convenience store in order to distinguish a convenience store from other stores. Moreover, every company offers special service not only to separate it from other companies of convenience store but also attract more customers. Also take the convenience stores in Taipei city as an example. There are four main companies of convenience store. One company offers clothes washing ser- vice that you can sent your clothes to the convenience store. The store will send your clothes to the washing company.

A convenience store is a retail that offer variety services, include in groceries, snack foods, candy, toiletries, soft drinks, to- bacco products, newspapers, and so on. In some countries, the convenience stores also offer payment service which people can pay bills in the store. For example, In Taiwan, you can pay bills of electricity, water, and gas in the convenience store in 24 hours.

Because a convenience store aims to offer convenience service, the products’ prices usually are higher them supermarket and grocery store. But convenience stores usually have good accessibility, and the service hour is always longer them other kinds of stores, customers would also be willing to go.

10,179

9,950

9,929

9,700

9,831

9,465

9,252

9,186

9,081

9,089

8,729

6,913

6,238

5,690

4,797

4,657

The first convenience store opened in Dallas, USA The open hours changed, and started form 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. The open hours changed to 24 hrs The Taiwan first convenience store opened

40%

70% 20%

1927 1946 1963 1977 20052004 201520142013201220112010200920082007200620012000 20032002

citizens pay bill in a convenience store

citizens go to a convenience store at least once a day

citizens use to eat in convenience store

Convenience Stores in Taiwan

Nowadays, the convenience store plays an important role in Taipei City, because the density of the store becomes higher and higher and the services from the convenience store is getting more and more variety. Thus, the connection between the citizen’s life in Taipei City and the convenience store would be deeper and deeper.

The first convenience store opened in Dallas, USA in 1927 and originally the store opened only from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.

From 1963, the store started to open 24hrs, in order to serve customers in difference group. The Convenience Store System has been introduced into Taiwan in 1977. With the economic growth, Taiwanese gradually changed the way they shop, and the connivance store became the center of citizen’s life little by little, especially in the urban area. Moreover, the convenience store in Taiwan offers more and more different services. From data shows that approximately 70% people pay their bill in the convenience stores, 40% citizens go to convenience stores at least once a day, and 20% people uses to eat in the conve- nience store. Thus, those data present the information that who citizens life in the city by observing the services from the convenience store and who citizens’ life flow by studying the quantity of the convenience stores.

source : Taiwan fair Trade commissionreporT (2015)

Convenience Store Existing Parking Space

10min Walk Area

1.8

0 3.6 5.4 (km)

The Convenience Stores in Taipei City

82 61 126

74

120

108 106

138 127 197

178

133 74 244 41 813 85 909

77 919

89 754 97 20096 969 62 727 91 897

116 919

47 413

100 982 21 enoZ Xinyi Shilin

1 enoZ 2 enoZ Beitou 3 enoZ Neihu Zone 8 Wenshan 9 enoZ Nangang 11 enoZ Zhongshan

4 enoZ Songshan Zone 5 Wanhua Zone 6 Zhongzheng Zone 7 Datong Zone 10 Da’an

15 stores in every 1000 km² every store serves 2503 peopel

125 stores in every 1000 km² every store serves 2715 peopel

273 stores in every 1000 km² every store serves 2350 peopel

United States Area : 9,826,675 km2 Population : 313, 874, 465 CVS : 149,220

Japan Area : 377,916 km2 Population : 127, 368, 088 CVS : 46,905

Taiwan Area : 35,980 km2 Population : 23,110,923 CVS : 9,831

The Feature of Convenience Stores: Density creates convenience

Comparing the data of the amount of convenience store in each district and the population of each district in Taipei city, they are in direct proportion that means the the more population the more amount of convenience stores. Thus, I would like to use this feature as the way I measure the citizen flow.

Moreover, because the density of convenience store is high enough that makes citizens would have more chance to use the services from the convenience stores near them. Thus, that is why convenience store in Taiwan could more close to the citizens’ life then others.

The features of a convenience store are Density, Neuter, and Verity. The first feature is Density. From 2005, Taiwan became the densest of convenience store in the world, which has 9,831 convenience store. There are 273 stores in every 1000 km² and each convenience store has to only serve 2350 people. The second dense of convenience store is Japan which conveys 46,905 convenience stores. There are 125 stores in every 1000 km² and each store serves 2715 people in Japan. Their coun- try of convenience store is the seed bed of convenience store, American, which has 149,220 store. There are only 15 store in every 1000 km² and every store serves 2503 people in United States. Thus the density of convenience stores in Taiwan is much denser then the other main countries.

66m² to 231m². Up to 231m² or will be seen as a supermaket

Store Size Open Hours

24 hrs / 7 days a week

Market Type mainly open shelf

Commodity Ratio A commodity can not over 50%

or will been seen as a specialty store.

Fundamental Equipment aims to offer effective service

Commodity Composition Food have to up to 50%

The Feature of Convenience Stores: Neuter creates convenience

sold over 50 %, the store has to be seen as a specialty store.

Under those standards, most of convenience stores can be easily identified and used. Thus, every customer can easily to find what and where they want, even though they are in an unfamiliar space.

From Japan Manufactural CVS Research Center, there are several standards that can make sure all convenience stores can be offer enough service.

First, a store has to offer enough fundamental equipment that aims to serve high technical and effective services. Second, the size of a convenience store has to under 231 m2 which is the most comfortable size for a variety store. If a store is up to 231m2, it has to be defined as a supermarket. Third, a store has to sale over 50 % the food composition, in order to maintain the basic function of a convenience store. Fourth, the open hours have to be 24hrs a day and 7days a week. Fifth, the com- modity has to put on the open shelf mainly, so customers can easily choose what they want. Sixth, since a convenience store has to offer variety commodity, the single type of commodity can not be offered over 50%. Because if there is something is

1977

1995

1998

1999

2000

2003

2004

2013

Food Service

Cooked Food Service

Bill Payment servuce

Mail-Order service

Express Service

Multimedia Kiosk service

Brewed Coffee service

WiFi Service

The Feature of Convenience Stores: Variety creates convenience

of convenience stores had been occupied by tables and chairs in 2004, because of Brewed Coffee service. So, cus- tomers can sit their and enjoy the drinks and foods offered form the convenience stores. Moreover, the free Wi-Fi service starts to wider the service area in 2013, and all the people near the stores can connect the free Wi-Fi offered from conve- nience store for 2-3 hours a day.

The convenience store in Taiwan offers more and more different services, and brings various people to use the spaces.

Because of the convenience, more and more people would like to use the spaces and more and more different people meet together.

Nowadays, the convenience stores offer variety services, and almost all the daily needs can be satisfied by the store in Taipei City. But, those services were not serviced on first day the convenience stores came.

At very beginning, the convenience stores in Taiwan did only sell grocery in 1977, and during that period, most of people in Taiwan still used to buy things in local grocery stores. In 1995, coked food had seen served on the store, so the store also added some tables and chairs inside the stores. So customers have simple places to enjoy their foods. After that, mail-order service and express service came into the stores, and people can send or receive their mail in the conveniences stores in 24 hours. In 2003, the Multimedia Kiosk machine offered variety booking service, like train tickets, music event tickets, and ever through personal credit card pills. This service brings more people to use the services in the stores. The arcade next to some

Convenience Store 24hrs

New Taipei City Public Library 24hrs

Eslite Bookstore 24hrs

Fastfood Restaurant 24hrs

Breakfast store 06:00 - 11:00 Night Market 18:00 - 2:00

Beverages store 10:00 - 22:00

Public Library 08:30 - 21:30

Restaurant 11:00 - 22:00

Convenience Store 24hrs

New Taipei City Public Library 24hrs

Eslite Bookstore 24hrs

Fastfood Restaurant 24hrs

Breakfast store 06:00 - 11:00 Night Market 18:00 - 2:00

Beverages store 10:00 - 22:00

Public Library 08:30 - 21:30

Restaurant 11:00 - 22:00

The new 10-story building located in the city’s Banqiao District, which offers round-the-clock access to its first and fourth floors, is the first library in Taiwan to provide 24-hour service.It is also the first to be equipped with a smart self-service book collection machine.The library was opened to the public on May 10 , 2015, for a trial run until June 29. As of May 17, more than 85,000 people had visited the library, according to library officials.

hTTp://www.chinaposT.com.Tw/Taiwan/local/Taipei/2015/05/19/436390/new-Taipei.hTm

new Taipei ciTy public library 24hrs

Eslite was established in 1989. The first shop was located in Dunhua South Road, Daan District, Taipei, with a focus and emphasis on art and humanities-related books. Since then, the company has expanded and set up more shops and increased its range of titles on offer.

Eslite Bookstore was the first to set up a 24-hour bookstore in Taiwan at its Dunhua store, attracting night-time readers.

esliTe booksTore 24hrs hTTp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/esliTe_booksTore

The Identity of Taipei City: Unsleeping City

Convenience Stores can not only be represented the life style of citizen, but also be seen as one of the identity of Taipei City.

Unsleeping City which means there are a lot of different activities during whole day in Taipei city, event thought during mid- night, people can still go to library night market, and so on. This feature is one of important features in Taipei city. People can enjoy a nice meal, even through it is midnight. Moreover, the book store opens 24 hours and also offers wonderful spaces for customers to roam in the book mountain. The new library offers spaces for people to read and study for 24 hours. In Taipei city, you can find whatever you want and whenever you want. Thus, the data from the convenience store in Taipei city could be functioned as a way to understand the City.

HUB SYSTEM NODE SYSTEM

What is the NEXT PUBLIC FACILITIES SYSTEM for Taipei City?

After researching the convenience store in Taipei city, the characteristics of the convenience store in Taipei city can repre- sent the life style of Taipei city’s citizens. Could the features be seen as a tool to generate new public system of Taipei city?

Because the city got bigger and bigger, the system of public spaces in Taipei city has changed from the Hub system (one public center) to the Node system (several public points). In the past, the mangers of Taipei city put all the public spaces in one area that all the citizens can use those spaces easily. Because the population was growth and the area of Taipei city got bigger and bigger, it won’t be effective that every citizens has to go to one center. The managers started to places various public spaces in different areas in order to let all people use public spaces conveniently.

But, the Node system start to create problems, because the situation is changed by the new technologies. The innovations were changed the way we use the public spaces, so some of the public spaces are not fit for the current situation and be- come idle facilities. Not only the spaces are abandoned, but also the areas’ police around the spaces are getting worse and worse.

Thus, the new public system should generate by different systems which could more fit to the real citizens’ need and current situation. Could the system of convenience store in Taipei city can be the data base to create new system of public spaces?

1. not decorated or elaborate; SIMPLE or BASIC in character 2. easy to perceive or understand; CLEAR

3. not distinguished by any particular beauty; ORDINARY LOOKING 4. WITHOUT MARKS or a pattern on it

HUB SYSTEM NODE SYSTEM PLAIN SYSTEM

From Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

PLAIN

n

s

: p

s

From the definition of Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, PLAIN means easy to see or understand, not trying to trick any- one; honest and direct, not decorated or complicated; simple, and without marks or a pattern on it. Most of them fit the new characteristics of the new system we are looking for.

Thus, the Plain System would base on the definition and generate three basic guidelines from the experience of the conve- nience store in Taipei City. Trying to create a new type of urban area which can more fit for the citizens need.

From the experience of the competition, we understand the new system has to fit the particular conditions, and those spaces could be used in proper way. So, we can not simply use the system we created for Taitung Country in Taipei City. Moreover, the Studying of the convenience store offer some particular features which can be used for New system in Taipei City. Thus, we introduce a new system named PLAIN SYSTEM.

PLAIN SYSTEM SPACE DEFINED

BY DENSITY

SPACE COLORED BY SURROUNDINGS

SPACE INCLUDED MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS

The feature of a Public Space

PUBLIC

The feature of a Public Space

TOLERANCE

The feature of a convenience store

COLONIZE

The feature of a convenience store

DENSITY

The feature of a convenience store

NEUTER

The feature of a Public Space

VARIETY

n

s

: T

p

s

The second feature is “Colonization.” The new public spaces should function as a white paper let the surrounding draws the color on, so the new spaces can margin in the environment easily. Like the characteristic of the convenience store in Taipei that the stores create neuter spaces and let the different neighborhood add its feature in the store.

The third feature is “Variety.” There will be very functions in a plain system that can make different groups of people meet together. The convenience stores in Taipei city also convey different services that create a spaces that various people can meet together.

The new system of public spaces, Plain System, mainly has three features, and those features come from the study of a convenience store and the characteristic of public spaces. In this way, new system can not only function as a proper public space in the future but also can adapt to the surroundings in Taipei city.

The first feature is “Density.” The plain system would use density to define a public area. The feature likes the convenience store in Taipei city that the convenience stores are everywhere, so people can access stores easily.

SPACE DEFINED BY DENSITY SPACE DEFINED BY WALLS

resectly situation the PLAIN system

In this way, the original definition of public space would somehow be limited, because public space should let people flow inside out easier and make more people use those space.

New public space uses small unit as the basic element and places those basic units together to define the new public space.

People would access new spaces easier, so those public spaces would easier to fit citizens needs.

T

plain

: d

The First feature of New system is Density which means the new public spaces area would be defined by a group of small units, so the citizens and tourists would get close to the new public system easier.

This feature is referenced from the characteristic of convenience stores. Convenience store in Taipei city use density to cre- ate an ambiance that customers can access and use the stores easily, thus customers would more like to use the spaces.

Now, most of public spaces in Taipei are defined by the wall that the public spaces are only happened inside the wall. So, people who want to use the public spaces has to go there especially.

SPACE COLORED BY THE SURROUNDING SPACE DIFFERENT FORM SURROUNDING

resectly situation the PLAIN system

New system of public space would generate a place which the functions can be defined by the users. In this way, the new public space could be functioned as a stage, what and how the show will play on the stage is not defined by the planners, but by the users who usually live nearby the spaces. Thus, the new system can be merged into the surroundings.

T

plain

: c

The Second characteristic of the new public system is colony that means the use of new public space would be defined by the user, thus citizens and tourist would feel those new spaces are part of their life.

The idea comes from the convenience stores in Taipei city which use basic standers to create a neutral space, so the conve- nience stores in every districts of Taipei city are in the basic frame with some special features. In this way, customers would feel familiar with a little different, so the space could be closer to the customers’ life.

Nowadays, most of public creates their own ambiance and those atmospheres are usually different form the surroundings, so people who live surround the area would feel exclusive from the public spaces.

SPACE INCLUDED MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS SPACE INCLUDED ONE FUNCTION

resectly situation the PLAIN system

The new system of public spaces used small unit as the basic element, so the system can allow variety spaces happens in one space, thus people in different purposes can all use some public spaces and interact with different people around the surroundings.

T

plain

: v

The third idea of new public system is variety that the spaces would convey multiple units and allow different people use the spaces, so different people can have chance to meet each other.

The convenience stores in Taipei city also have variety functions which can offer different service. For example, customers can go to the convenience stores not only for grocery shopping but also for paying all kinds of bills in Taipei city. Thus, peo- ple can have opportunities to meet others who are very differ from them.

The public spaces in Taipei city usually convey only one function. But, that would be somehow against the basic definition of public spaces that the public spaces should tolerance different people and let everyone can use the space.

Why Taipei City Needs More

Public Spaces

Why Taipei City Needs More

Public Spaces

9,910,204

8,016,280

7,311,470

6,087,484

5,567,277

4,395,004

3,845,187

3,716,063

3,519,827

3,378,118

2,950,342

2,248,117

2,977,692

2,977,692

2,831,035

2,624,037

2,411,248

1,375,770 3,987,152 1,634,790

527,684 1,388,305 565,375 U.S.A.

Southeast Asian

Japan

Korea

Mainland China

Hong Kong Macao

17,212 264,880 93,119 9,960 Africa

Oceania Middle East European

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998 2014

Thus, it would be a new chance that new system can become a buffer facility that can not only be use by citizens but also get service to tourist. In this way, tourists and citizens can get more opportunities to interact, thus tourists can easier understand the culture of Taipei city through those buffer spaces.

source: naTional immigraTion agency reporT 2015

n

: T

T

c

Why Taipei city needs more Public Spaces? The first reason is we are going to the next generation and there will be more and more new technologies start to affect our life, so we need to generate new type of spaces. Other reason is the growth of tourists in Taipei city, and Taipei city has to think who to deal with those new situations.

Recently, Taiwan has been chosen one of the most popular country for traveling, because of the variety of foods and special scenery. And the data also shows that the are more and more tourists in Taipei city. Therefor, is the existing system of tourist facilities in Taipei city enough to serve the new situation (tourist is getting more and more) and the original system can fit for the new generation.

2008 2010 2012 2014

2009 2011 2013 2015

2007

Gwangju, South Korea

Kazan, Russia

Shenzhen, China

Belgrade, Serbia

Bangkok, Thailand Cape Town, South Africa

Helsinki, Finland

Seoul, South Korea

Torino, Italy

2016 WDC World Design Capital

2016 HUPO 15th Annual World Congress HUPO The Human Proteome Organisation

2016 ICDHS

The International Conference on Design History and Design Studies workshop

2017 TAIPEI UNIVERSIADE the International University

Sports Federation

2017 ICPB TAIPEI 19th International Conference on Proteomics and Bioinformatics

In 2017, the international he International University Sports game would also come into Taipei city. Those different events bring various people from different countries. In this condition, the public spaces could play an important role that improve the city’s quality and allow tourist better understand the city through the spaces.

The international events need particular facilities to support. At the same time, the whole public spaces should also be im- proved to adept new conditions or temporary situations. Thus, it would be a good chance to rethink that the system of tourist facilities is really or not in order to serve more and more guests in the future.

n

: T

i

c

There would be more and more tourists in Taipei city from all over the world. The government of Taipei city wants to make Tai- pei city become more international, they are trying to bid some international. Thought those international activities, more and more people could know what is Taipei city looks like. On the same time, those international tourists would also use the public facilities in Taipei city. Therefor, it could be a chance to boost new public facilities happened in the new generation.

There are mainly some big events in following years. In 2016, the international event, World Design Capital, will be held in Taipei City. World Design Capital (WDC) is to promote and encourage the use of design to further the social, economic and cultural development of the world’s cities and the event started from Torino, Italy in 2008. This event would bring a lot of visi- tors travel in Taipei City.

Information Center Existing Information Center

20min Walk Area

1.8

0 3.6 5.4 (km)

Taipei City Government has established 13 visitor information centers in Taipei. The services at each center are tailored to the specific attractions in the vicinity. In addition to counter help, the centers offer access to print and online tourism information, including free brochures on scenic sites, dining, accommodations, transportation and more.

The Visitor Center in Taipei City

Visitor Center Only be used by tourists Some functions have been replaced Service scopes are limited

The second problem is some of the functions served by the information

centers are gradually replaced with technological advancements. For example, some visitors would like to use google map on their phone instead of getting a physical map from a visitor center.

Last but not least, the service scopes are limited, there are 13 centers in Taipei city, but that is still have limitation for some areas. But, that does not make sense to create more spaces only for tourists. Thus, that could be a chance the create other spaces not only for tourists, but also for citizens.

The Problems of Visitor Center

The information centers in Taipei city nowadays have some problems and do not fully fit for the current situation, so the new system of public spaces can be seen as a chance to compensate those problems and improve the system of original public spaces.

The first problem of the information centers is those public spaces is excludable. The information centers are public spaces, but the spaces only serve functions for tourists. The citizens would not have a chance to use those spaces. Thus, the new system of public spaces can be a space where tourists have chances to interact with citizens.

Where is

the new system appeared ?

Where is

the new system

appeared ?

39 56 62 62 62 62 63 63 69 69 70 82 93 94 102 109305

310

307308

306

297

292

287

284

280

277

272

269

330 268 261 7045

4184

29802900

2900

2100

1900

2005

2004 20132012201120102009200820072006

2001 20032002

2000

1999

1998

QUANTITY OF PUBLIC BIKE QUANTITY OF BUS ROUTE QUANTITY OF METRO STATION

YOUBIKE is the public bike system that is introduced in 2008. The Department of Transportation, Taipei City Government (hereinafter the Authority), in order to encourage citizens to use bikes as short-distance transit vehicles, launched the Pro- gram of the “Establishment, Operation and Management of the Bike Sharing System”, in the hope that by equipping a urban bike lane network with a bike station service, encouraging citizens to use low-pollution and low-energy-consumption Bike Sharing as short-distance transit vehicles and reducing and replacing personal possession and use of motor vehicles, traffic congestion, environmental pollution and energy loss in the city will be improved. Public spaces.

T

p

T

s

T

c

When I searched for the place for the new public system, I found out how the parking spaces which are placed everywhere in Taipei city. Thus, if some parking spaces can be replaced for the new public system, that means those new public units could have chance to be placed every corner in Taipei city. In Taipei City, the public transportation system is getting more and more convenience and the system is still growth. The main public transportation systems in Taipei city are Metro, Bus and public bicycle.

Taipei City Metro system consists of 108 stations (117 stations if transfer stations are double-counted) and 5 main routes, operating on 131.1 kilometers (81.5 mi) of revenue track. The system carried an average of over 1.78 million passengers per

day. Moreover, the whole system is still growing, and there will be four more lines by 2020. _{source : deparTmenTof budgeT, accounTingand sTaTisTics, Taipei ciTy governmenT}

768,100

756,602

744,108

725,121

721,326

717,624

728,277

731,755

725,508

708,315

694,390

677,651

667,179

666,513

651,691

681,386 904,232 931,399 959,013 970,169 971,568 994,336 1,018,384 1,030,972 1,046,148 1,063,662 1,080,660 1,092,788 1,094,564 1,101,578 1,099,934 1,034,810

2005

2004 20132012201120102009200820072006

2001 20032002

2000

1999

1998

The quantity of personal used motocycle in Taipei City

The quantity of personal used car in Taipei City

Parking policies have shifted to fit in with “alternative social goals,” including walking, bicycling and increasing park and community space.

European cities demonstrate that if you make a city center more convenient, people won’t think that driving is the best and only alternative.

Michael Kodransky, 2011

decreasing the parking spaces could be a good solution for solving the problems in Taipei city.

In the book “Reduce Parking Space: Europe’s Parking U-Turn: From Accommodation to Regulation, “there are a lot of cases that show the cities’ environment got better by decreasing the public parking spaces. Thus, it could be a chance that some of public spaces can be replaced by new facilities. In this way, not only the public facilities in Taipei City can get benefit from the new facilities, but also the use rate of public transportation system can be boosted by deceasing the public spaces.

T

T

s

T

c

The traffic problem is one of big problems that Taipei city has to face. Although the public transportation system is getting more and more convenience, the amount of personal used vehicles (included cars and motorcycles) is also growing up. Now the traffic condition of Taipei City becomes part of the worst traffic cities in the world. Those traffic not only generate an incon- venience circulation but also create serious air pollution. Thus, how to solve the problem of the traffic in Taipei city would be more important.

The transport and urban development specialist, Michael Kodransky, munitions that Parking policies have shifted to fit in with

“alternative social goals,” including walking, bicycling and increasing park and community space…European cities demon-

strate that if you make a city center more convenient, people won’t think that driving is the best and only alternative. So _{source : deparTmenTof budgeT, accounTingand sTaTisTics, Taipei ciTy governmenT}

REDUCE 20% PARKING SPACE 20% DECREASE IN TRAFFIC IN THE INNER CITY

AMSTERDAM THE NETHERLANDS

Population: 758,198

Population Density: 4,459 inhab. / km² Parking Supply: 211,457

The first case is Amsterdam, a city that saw a 20 percent reduction in car traffic in the inner city, as well as a 20 percent decrease in traffic searching for a place to park, since strict parking enforcements were implemented. Amsterdam, there are more then 50% of households own a car, so the traffic was the big problem in Amsterdam center. The government started to organize the traffic system not only by reducing parking spaces with supporting measures but also through redesign the road system. For example, some parking spaces in Amsterdam aims to keep the safety of bicycle by placing parking space in between the car lanes and the bicycle lanes.

After the policy had been applied in Amsterdam city center, the air pollution in Amsterdam reduced approximately 40%, and the traffic also decrease 20%.

The lowest fee for on-street short-term parking : Van Swindenstraat

T

c

r

p

s

e

- a

In Europe, there are a lot of cities that had reduced the parking spaces in urban spaces, in order to improve their cities’ qual- ity. The cities were applied for the strategy not only have solved the traffic problems but also have improved the environmen- tal, economic, and social quality of city centers. The strategy is not simply remove the existing parking spaces inside the city center. Some supporting measures were carried out. For example, Electronic Parking Guidance Systems had been used in Amsterdam, London, Paris, and so on. Residential Permits policy had seen use in Barcelona, Munich, and Stockholm. Thus, citizens not only can enjoy the benefit form the policy but also would not feel inconvenience of reducing parking spaces.

Rijksmuseum 1987

Rijksmuseum 2014

DECREASE 400 PARKING SPACE 4020 m² AREA INCREASE FOR CITIZENS IN THE CITY CENTER

Population: 518,574

Population Density: 5,892 inhab. / km² Paid On-Street Parking Supply: ~30,000

COPENHAGEN DENMARK

Moreover, it created a different parking zones in all Copenhagen area, and increased the fee in the city center. Despite the car ownership in 2005 was increase 13%, the traffic in the center had dropped by 6%. On the other hand, the government encouraged the use of bicycling by improving the facilities of bicycling system. In 2008, The mode split was 37% bicycling, 31% car, 28% public transit, and 4% walking.

Play-street had been designed in the Copenhagen read system, which uses different way to slow done the traffic. In those play- street, the urban furniture was placed for more citizens to use.

T

c

r

p

s

e

- c

The second case is Copenhagen. Copenhagen started removing parking spaces from the city center in the 1960s, especially along Strøget Street—the main car-free retail corridor in the city. The total number of parking spaces. in the inner city was reduced by 400 spaces from 3,100 to 2,720 between 1995 and 2000, through small reductions over time, while the network of pedestrian areas increased by 4,020 m2 in roughly the same period.

Copenhagen, likes other bug cities, faced a problem of too much vehicles inside the city center. The Government started to reduce the parking spaces in Copenhagen, in order to prevent the situation would get worse.

Gammel strand 1988

Gammel strand 2000

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thurday Friday Saturday Sunday

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thurday Friday Saturday Sunday

Hundreds of flower growers and traders gathered under the highway every weekend to exhibit and sell fresh flowers, large plants, potted plants, seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers. As a result, the flower market is one of the best tourist destinations of interest in Taiwan.

Chien Kuo Holiday Flower Market is one of famous interesting point not only for tourists but also for citizens like to visit. Thus, from this successful case, I can make an assumption that it is possible to take away more parking space in Taipei city to improve the quality of public space.

T

c

r

p

s

T

: c

k

h

f

m

In Taiwan, we also have similar cases that erasing the parking spaces for other activities. Chien Kuo Holiday Flower Market is the one of famous interesting points in Taipei city, and the market is placed on the parking lot during weekends.

Chien Kuo Holiday Flower Market is the existing case which the parking lots are temporary replaced by the market. During the weekend the parking lot under the overpass is replaced by stalls temporary and create another different activity, Flower Market. because of the special condition and the scale of the market, Chien Kuo regular Flower Market becomes one of the popular activities during the weekend not only for tourists but also for citizens. Chien Kuo regular Flower Market held under the Highway Chienkuo S. Rd at the weekend and the holiday season. Located in Taipei near the Daan Park, visitors can visit the flower market is a means of transport buses and MRT (Metro).

“European cities demonstrate that if you make a city center more convenient, people won’t think that driving is the best and only alternative,”

Michael Kodransky (co-author of the study and global research manager with ITDP)

10 mins walk 20 mins walk

Convenience Store as Citizen Flow Information Center as Tourist Flow Overlapping as a New Area Inside the New Area, Parking Space as Plain Points

Convenience Store Information Center Parking Space Plain Points points, so new Plain Area can be defined in Taipei City.

Thus, the site of Plain system could not only be more close to the citizen’s and tourist’s activities but also connect the original urban system to develop new system.

This system could also convey flexibility. That means the scope area can be replaces by different functions. For example, during the year of world design capital, the information centers can be preplace by the exhibition points, so those overlap- ping areas are the places where the visitors can interact with citizens. In this way, this kind of public spaces can be more flexible and effective.

o

Where should the new spaces be placed in Taipei City and how can we find the spaces? Because the new system would like to used both by citizens and tourists and Where should the new spaces be placed in Taipei City? Because the new system would like to not only create a new public space for current generation but also use both by citizens and tourists and aims to encourage interaction, the areas overlapped by the citizen’s flow and tourist flow could be possible places to build.

In the convenience service stander, each of convenience store can serve area in 10 mins walk, so we use this scope as citi- zen flow area. On the other hand, the information center is defined Its service distance which is 20 mins walk, so the area can be seen as tourist activity space. After defining all the scope, there are some overlapping spaces in Taipei City and they can be seen as the areas for Plain System. Under those areas, some of parking spaces can be replace into new public space

Visitor Center Existing Visitor Center

20min Walk Area

1.8

0 3.6 5.4 (km) 5.4

Convenience Store Existing Parking Space

10min Walk Area

1.8

0 3.6 (km)

The Convenience Stores in Taipei City

The Visitor Centers in Taipei City

Existing Parking Space Parking Lot Existing Parking Space Parking Lot Existing Parking Space

Parking Tower Existing Parking Space

Parking Ancillary

1.8

0 3.6 5.4 (km)

The Parking Spaces in Taipei City

1.8

0 3.6 5.4 (km)

Existing Parking Space 10min Walk Area

Existing Visitor Center

20min Walk Area OverLapping Area

Overlapping Areas : the Plain spaces

The information centers create 20 minutes- walking- scope as tourist flow. The convenience stores generate 10 minutes -walking- scope as citizen flow. After overlapping those scopes, the new public spaces show.

Because the new spaces are located on the places which are both for citizens’ and tourists’ activities, the place can be seen as a trigger to increase opportunities for different groups meet and interact together.

In this way, tourists can more understand the culture and the local life in Taipei city through the new spaces. On the other hand, citizens can not only use the space as their daily life but also know other cultures by interacting with tourists on the new public spaces.

service area

Overlapping with Citizen Flow by Convenience Stores

Exhibition Points as Visitor Flows Overlapping Places as Temporary New Areas After theevent the New Areas are removed

Convenience Store Exhibition point Parking Space Plain Points We can use those exhibition points as visitor flow and the proper service area to define the scope. The new areas are gener- ated by the visitor scopes overlap with the citizen scopes. The temporary public points could be happened inside the area.

After the event, those points will be also removed and back to original situation.

In this way, those new public points in between visitor flow and citizen flow play an important role to create connections. For visitors, those public points can make them more understand the life nearby the area. On the other hand, citizens can get new information from visitors or events through public points. Thus, this new public space can margin in the citizens’ life easi- er, and can also be used by different people.

f

The system is flexibility that allows defines new areas in different conditions. In the last page, the system is used to find new public space for both citizens and tourists. The system can also be used to define some temporary areas during big events happened in Taipei city.

In 2016, World Design Capital will be hold in Taipei city. During that year, there will be a lot of spaces be used as the exhibi- tion points, for example the national galleries, art schools, and exhibition halls. Moreover, a lot of visitors and artists will come from all over the world.

After A’ EVENT, some units are left and become Permanent Public Spaces

After A event some units are left become Permanent Public Spaces A’ EVENT generates

Temporary Plain Units

B’ EVENT generate other Temporary Plain Units

B’ EVENT A’ EVENT

event, and those new facilities can be disposed base on the existing public spaces with the units are left from previous event.

So, the new boxes could margin into the previous Plain units. When the second event is finished, those temporary units, including to the previous boxes, would be evaluated again according to the present situations. By using this system, the new public spaces can not only improve the quality of the public spaces but also accord to the needs of citizens or users.

The Plain system of public space aim to develop new kind of public space that can adapt to different conditions, so the stackable feature can generate an evaluation system during the growth of the Plain system. Thus, those small units could be placed, changed, and removed, because of the very of the surroundings in Taipei city.

s

The Plain system of public spaces is stackable that the system can gradually improve the quality of life in Taipei city. In this way, those new public spaces would more fit to the citizen needs and adapt to different timing. Comparing to large urban planning which places a new system inside a city and let the citizens to fit the new spaces, the Plain system uses small units and puts into a city little by little. Thus, the plain system can be more adaptable.

When the first event is happened in Taipei city, the Plain system generates some temporary units to offer services during the event. Those units gather together to create service areas, so visitors and citizens can flow inside out those areas easily. After the event, some of temporary units can be kept and become permanent public spaces in Taipei city. Thus, quality of some areas would be improve after the event. After that, there are new temporary Plain units are places in Taipei city during other