Car sharing

for 3. From the perspective of patents, internet technology companies have significant advantages in the field of autonomous driving. It can be seen that Chinese New Energy Vehicles (NEV) companies are catching up traditional vehicles companies in the field of autonomous driving. In order to improve their own competitiveness.

3.4.3.2 MaaS (Mobility as a Service)

Transportation consumption began to shift from purchasing to sharing renting (bicycles, private cars, etc.), which greatly improved the efficiency of transportation.

However, different transport systems are often independent of each other (for example, bus systems and taxi systems). In order to provide people with a more convenient mode of travel, MasS Mode was born. MaaS mode is a mode of travel service, which presents a platform and an application system for everyone to use. A MaaS platform will integrate all types of transportation in the city, including data sharing, unified scheduling, unified payment and unified management.

MaaS is able to plan one-stop travel solutions, because it integrates a lot of transportation, and master the real time operation data of the whole city traffic, including the real time bus routes, the number of swiping cards of subway gates, the congestion of roads, the flow rate of people in office buildings, the distribution of shared bikes or car and so on.

3.4.3.3 The advantages of the car sharing

According to incomplete statistics, the cars are only used about 5% of time, 95% of time are parking in lots. Even vehicles in use, the car also has 70% of the time is in empty state, there are still lot of seat resources are wasted. Car sharing can greatly increase the utilization rate of cars. From an economic point of view, car sharing can save a lot of car ownership costs due to insurance, maintenance and retention rate.

From the convenience point of view, people are able to use it whenever and where ever they want. In the long run, with the popularity of the sharing economy and a sharp increase in the use of vehicles, car sharing can also effectively alleviate thorny problems such as road congestion.

3.4.3.4 The advantages of the Chinese New Energy Vehicles (NEV) in car sharing

In recent years, Chinese car sharing are mostly domestic New Energy Vehicles (NEV), showing a one-sided trend. This is because the operating cost of New Energy Vehicles (NEV) is significantly lower than that of traditional vehicles, and domestic New Energy Vehicles (NEV) have obvious advantages in price performance, matching and after-sales service when compared with imported New Energy Vehicles (NEV).

Then, this thesis analyzes the patent situation of countries in field of the MaSS.

Search for Patents related to MaaS technology in China, Japan, United States and Europe. These include ride hailing service, car pooling service, operation management, implementation technology (driving control, passenger identification), APP (map display, trip retrieval, payment), big data collection, big data application, application industry, disaster information, traffic information, scene location, topics, etc.

Number of MaaS technology applications from 2014 to 2018 is 9643 in total. By nationality of applicants, 3283 were filed by Chinese applicants, accounted for 35%.

Japan followed with 2173, account for 22.5%, the United States with 2132, account for 22.1%, and Europe with 811, account for 8.4%. As the country with the best sharing economy development, China is in an absolute leading position in the application of MaaS technologies. This is related to Chinese large population and low per capita car ownership.

Table 11. The top 10 in MaaS patents applicants

Rank Applicants（nationality） Number of applicants

1 Toyota (Japan) 647

2 DiDi (China) 436

3 Ford (US) 290

4 UBER TECHNOLOGIES（US） 289

5 GM (US) 173

6 HITACHI (Japan) 160

7 Honda (Japan) 143

8 IBM（US） 127

9 Mitsubishi Motor (Japan) 99

10 Hyundai Motor (Korean) 92

From the perspective of enterprises, Toyota, Ford, as shown in the Table 11. GM and other traditional automobile enterprises still have certain advantages in technological accumulation. However, as the sharing software with the largest number of users, DiDi still has a leading position in data collection and technology processing. So, it can be seen that the Chinese New Energy Vehicles (NEV) in car sharing have the certain advantages.

Generally speaking. As the largest market for car sharing services, China has strong competitiveness in the field of car sharing. The high number of users and low per capita car ownership have helped Chinese car sharing services take the lead in the world. To a certain extent, car sharing services can also solve the waste of resources, thus further achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.

3.4.3.5 Development bottleneck and prospect

 Bottleneck

With the large-scale distribution and investment of car sharing, and when all parties are full of expectations for the future of car sharing, various problems come along, such as parking inconvenience caused by scarce parking Spaces, shutdown handling of major traffic accidents, poor user experience caused by poor management, financial pressure caused by vehicle maintenance and insurance costs, etc. Therefore, on the one hand, car sharing has not really opened up a large area of the market; on the other hand, the huge operating costs and unclear profit methods make it difficult for more and more enterprises to stick to it. In many places, the "car sharing cemetery" like the

Figure 26 shown in the below. People are starting to realize that car sharing is not as good as they thought.

Figure 26. The discarded shared cars

 Prospect (The combination of car sharing and autonomous driving)

The development of car sharing is hindered by high operating costs, difficult scheduling, inconvenient ways of picking up and returning cars, etc. While the intervention of autonomous driving can solve most of the above problems, so as to significantly reduce operating costs and improve user experience. "Sharing" is also the best application scenario of automatic driving, which has become the consensus of the industry. "car sharing + autonomous driving" will become the general trend of human travel in the future, that is to say, in the future, car sharing and RoboTaxi (autonomous driving taxi), which is now hotly discussed, will come to the same destination.