Conclusioni

Il lavoro di tesi ha indagato i costrutti di approccio-evitamento in relazione alle manifestazioni patologiche esaminando anche l’effetto della flessibilità cognitiva e l’adattamento. Nel primo studio sono state esaminate le prospettive teoriche di Gray, Elliot e Higgins e i loro relativi costrutti, i BIS BAS, temperamenti e foci, che sono risultati costrutti separati e non interscambiabili. Nel secondo studio è stato sottolineato l’effetto protettivo del focus di promozione e della flessibilità cognitiva e l’effetto di rischio del temperamento di evitamento e del BIS sui sintomi psicopatologici. In particolare, è emerso uno specifico effetto di rischio del BAS fun seeking sui sintomi psicopatologici solo nel gruppo femminile. Nel terzo studio abbiamo osservato che l’effetto protettivo di rischio del temperamento di evitamento e l’effetto protettivo del focus di promozione si verifica nei singoli sintomi depressivi e anche nella vulnerabilità alla depressione. Nel quarto studio lo stesso pattern si manifesta in relazione ai biomarker, un elevato temperamento di evitamento è associato a valori sanguigni più nocivi per la salute, mentre un elevato focus di promozione è associato a valori sanguigni più salutari. Non si osservano invece effetti consistenti relativamente ai comportamenti di rischio per la salute. In conclusione, dal lavoro di tesi emergono due fattori importanti, il temperamento di evitamento e il focus di promozione, come due fattori rispettivamente di rischio e di protezione per la salute individuale. Si associano

196 l’effetto protettivo della flessibilità cognitiva e l’effetto di moderazione dato dal genere, che necessitano di maggiori studi.

Le future ricerche sono chiamate ad approfondire queste tematiche e, in una prospettiva di più ampio respiro, a studiare e classificare gli effetti delle tendenze di approccio-evitamento, dal funzionamento psicologico al funzionamento fisico, per realizzare uno dei progetti di ricerca più ambiziosi: comprendere il legame tra mente e corpo.

197

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