generazione, la gestione dell’epilessia rimane ancora un lavoro molto complesso, anche perché il preciso meccanismo d’azione primario di molti AEDs più nuovi è ancora sconosciuto. Molti meccanismi e bersagli molecolari dei farmaci antiepilettici sono implicati anche nella regolazione dell’umore e del comportamento, il che potrebbe spiegare perché ogni AED è associato a specifici effetti psicotropi. L’attuale conoscenza dei meccanismi alla base degli effetti degli AEDs sul comportamento e sull’umore è ben lungi dall’essere completa, con molti dati provenienti da studi che presentano delle limitazioni metodologiche; sono urgentemente necessarie ulteriori indagini. Definire meglio i profili psicotropi degli AED permetterebbe di ampliare le opportunità di adattamento dei trattamenti in pazienti con epilessia e potrebbe potenzialmente portare all’identificazione di nuove strategie di trattamento di condizioni psichiatriche. Una patologia che in molti casi si associa all’epilessia è l’emicrania. Emicrania ed epilessia sono disordini episodici che condividono meccanismi patofisiologici che portano ad un’ipereccitabilità neuronale; questo spiega l’uso di farmaci simili in entrambi i disordini. Anche in questo caso, però,
i dati e le informazioni disponibili non sono del tutto soddisfacenti. 55
In generale, la ricerca deve andare avanti per fare maggiormente luce sull’epilessia e su tutti gli aspetti ad essa correlati, soprattutto per cercare di migliorare lo stile di vita dei soggetti colpiti da questa malattia da cui purtroppo non è possibile, almeno per il momento, guarire.
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