53 All of the lactobacilli isolates were found to be susceptible to erythromycin, except L. reuteri CBA-L168 that had a very high value of MIC for this antibiotic. Another antibiotic to which all lactobacilli isolates were sensitive is gentamicin: only two strains in fact have, for this antibiotic, a MIC twice the breakpoint. High level of resistance to ampicillin were observed among L.
reuteri and lactobacilli that belong to the L. acidophilus group, while almost half of lactobacilli isolates tend to be resistant to kanamycin. Another antibiotic to which about 50% of lactobacilli were resulted resistant is chloramphenicol, with the exclusion of bacteria of the L. acidophilus group for which the incidence of resistance is low and the strains of L. plantarum that were resulted sensitive to chloramphenicol. Low levels of resistance to streptomycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were observed among all lactobacilli (12,1% for streptomycin and clindamycin and 15,2% for tetracycline).
Among bifidobacteria, the antibiotic resistance to tetracycline is resulted very common and affects 41.2% of the isolates. Other antibiotics for which occurred resistances are gentamicin and streptomycin, affecting respectively 29.4% and 23.5% of isolates. All bifidobacteria isolates were found to be sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol.
54 So, in this study we showed that the adoption of these criteria for in vitro selection of gut probiotic bacteria allows the isolation of strains that are certainly safe for use in humans and potentially capable to exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract through the introduction of these probiotic strains in food supplements.
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Chapter 3 – Spray-drying encapsulation of
probiotics for ice-cream application
58