From a managerial point of view, the study produces valuable information on the methodology for introducing eco-innovation into the business organization. First of all, being the key figure in the introduction of eco-innovation and eco-sustainability, the first contribution was made in
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the strategic planning methodology, as it must concern all company areas and above all the corporate organizational culture, structure and eco-capacity of resources. Beyond an overall framework for introducing eco-innovation, some possible errors have been highlighted in terms of incorrect adoption of eco-innovation, which can lead to negative consequences for compa-nies, such as brand-only strategy, introduction of as regards the managerial implications with respect to the analysis carried out, it can be said that it is important that managers choose the organizational structure very carefully, as the correct choice of this is one of the fundamental characteristics for innovation. The attention of managers must be directed above all to the choice of the organizational structure as it requires an in-depth study of the company, because there is no precise rule for choosing an organizational structure aimed at pushing the company to innovate but every company must find a logic adaptable to one's own. From the study carried out as previously explained, the organizational structure does not need to be hierarchical, as many of the eco-innovative companies analysed had a vertical hierarchical organizational structure. Therefore, the important thing in the choice of the organizational structure is the choice of an organization in which it is possible to favour the flow of ideas and therefore must be flexible from the point of view of the circulation of ideas, to do this it is necessary to be given a lot of autonomy. resources and that they have the time and opportunity to do research.
It is important that the organization is in any case controlled and in some companies it is also correct to insert a hierarchical structure if necessary without compromising innovative devel-opment. Therefore, the important thing in the choice of the organizational structure is the choice of an organization in which it is possible to favour the flow of ideas and therefore must be flexible from the point of view of the circulation of ideas, to do this it is necessary that a lot of autonomy is given. resources and that they have the time and opportunity to do research. It is important that the organization is in any case controlled and in some companies it is also correct to insert a hierarchical structure in case it is necessary without compromising the inno-vative development. Therefore, the important thing in the choice of the organizational structure is the choice of an organization in which it is possible to favour the flow of ideas and therefore must be flexible from the point of view of the circulation of ideas, to do this it is necessary to be given a lot of autonomy. resources and that they have the time and opportunity to do re-search. It is important that the organization is in any case controlled and in some companies, it is also correct to insert a hierarchical structure in case it is necessary without compromising the innovative development.
The organization must give the opportunity for innovation to flow, but this must connect with the chosen business strategy such as the ecological strategy.
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Another important aspect that management must take into consideration is the corporate cul-ture, this must be present in every area of the company for it to have a return in innovative terms, to do this the managers must ensure that the resources identify themselves with the type of culture chosen for the company, this is because the corporate culture is what defines the public image of the company. It is important from this point of view not to aim only at the ecological image that you want to give to the company as it is easy for you not to have returns if the ecological culture is not included in the heart of the company. In order for managers to give value to the company by giving a truly ecological image by involving human and non-human resources, they can organize updates for employees, ecological policies, organize work-shops, laboratories and seminars and at the same time focus on the product process and / or services to which it refers, also could activate collaborations with research institutes, universi-ties or other companies. Furthermore, to accelerate the corporate organizational culture, it is important that managers take care of raising awareness of resources in ecological terms, stim-ulating them to create new ideas, encouraging and motivating them in research and innovative development. laboratories and seminars and at the same time concentrate on the process of the products and / or services to which it refers, also could activate collaborations with research institutes, universities or other companies. Furthermore, to accelerate the corporate organiza-tional culture, it is important that managers take care of raising awareness of resources in eco-logical terms, stimulating them to create new ideas, encouraging and motivating them in re-search and innovative development. laboratories and seminars and at the same time concentrate on the process of the products and / or services to which it refers, also could activate collabo-rations with research institutes, universities or other companies. Furthermore, to accelerate the corporate organizational culture, it is important that managers take care of raising awareness of resources in ecological terms, stimulating them to create new ideas, encouraging and moti-vating them in research and innovative development.
Finally, it is important to underline that managers must carefully observe the internal and ex-ternal business environment, in particular it is important to keep exex-ternal competitiveness and the level of market demand under control, through suitable KPIs. If the values of the indices are both positive, it represents the main reason why companies decide to innovate and for this reason managers must carry out constant and careful observation.
The results obtained show that in order to initiate ecological innovation, companies must mon-itor the entire life cycle of the products and services offered, being able to do so while respect-ing the environment. In fact, for product companies it is first of all necessary to convert the raw
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materials used for production, for example by progressively eliminating plastic, or by studying innovative methods such as green packaging for different types of products. Transforming waste into biodegradable products, reducing pollution due to this process, reduce waste, pay attention to energy saving by focusing on renewable sources. At the end of the product life cycle, it is also important to make a careful choice of packaging that can be more ecological and to give importance to the optimization of transport, in order to also obtain ISO-14001 cer-tificates. For service companies, it is possible to commit to reducing energy consumption, min-imizing transport or opting to use less polluting fossil fuels such as liquefied natural gas.
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