Metodo Zambon

Vorrei accennare ad un approccio più chirurgico che farmac ologico per riuscire a dare ai pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla una pros pettiva di vita miglior.

Questo studio portato avanti da professor P aolo Zamboni, assieme al dottor Salvi, neurologo dell’ospedale Bellaria di Bologna, e al dottor Galeotti, radiologo interventista, dell’università di Ferrara, cerca di dare una approcc io totalmente diverso al comprensione, alla diagnosi e al trattamento dell a sclerosi multipla.

È stata scoperta una stretta relazione tra sc lerosi multipla e la stenosi delle vene del collo e de l torace dei pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla. Queste malformazioni congenite possono essere r isolte attrav erso una piccola operazione di angioplastica .

Dopo la disostruzione dei vasi sono stati riscontrati indubbi benefici sul decorso della malattia.

Non nella risoluzione della patologia ma nel miglioramento dei sontomi ad essa legata.

Ad oggi questo studio non è mol to sponsorizzato dalla ricerca italiana e s i trova in una zo na di stallo controproducente per i pazienti che ingolositi dalla speranza di guarigione si mettono in mano a dottori di paesi esteri che potrebbero causare più problemi che speranze.

Non è anc ora del tutto certificata l’efficacia di questo metodo ma se anche una speranza ci può ess ere bisogna sfruttarla fino in fondo. 134

Conclusioni

Dagli studi analizzati nella nostra discussione abbiamo riscontrato un ruol o fondamental e dell’interleuchina 17 nella comparsa delle infiammazioni dovute ad agenti endogeni come virus e batteri, ma anc he nel manifestarsi delle malattie autoimmuni.

Allo stesso tempo abbiamo preso in considerazione uno s tudio che naviga controcorrente rispetto alla normale casistica secondo il quale l’azione di questa interleuchina non è solo infiammatoria ma anche antinfiammatoria, rendendo pi ù difficile la comparsa delle malattie intestinali.

In definitiva, la maggior casistica riportata, riconosce alla scoperta di questa nuova linea di mediatori il merito di aver dato un quadro pi ù chiaro riguardo le infiammazioni distruggendo il famoso paradigma Th1/Th2 che era alla base delle diverse risposte del sistema immunitario.

In vitro la differenziazione di cellule CD4+ indifferenziate in cellule

produttrici di IL-17 avv iene efficacemente solo in assenza di citochine TH1 e TH2, in quanto fattori di trascrizione e c itochine specifiche delle due classi principali di T helper regolano negati vamente l’espressione di IL-17. IL17 ha un effetto pl eiotropico sulle cellule dei tessuti e su molte cellule immunitarie ed è anc he un importante medi atore dell’infiammazione. IL17 sposta i neutrofili, in parte attrav erso la granulopoiesi e l’induzione delle citochine CXC e in parte aumentando l a loro sopravvivenza a livello dei vari tessuti degli organi in cui sta agendo.

Infatti, gli studi pre-clinici che sostengono un ruolo per IL-17 nella malattia autoimmune ha portato agl i attuali studi clinici mirati a bloccare IL-17, il recettore per l'IL-17 (IL-17R) o i sui induttori (vale a dire IL -23, IL-6) nell’autoimmunità.

Visti i suoi alti livelli derivanti dall’esame del liquor ha dato una speranza in più ai pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla.

La causa scatenante di questa malattia non è ancora del tutto chiara, è stata attribuita per lungo tempo all’infezione con un virus che ha si svilupperebbe i n una forma s ubclinica nell’età giovanile per poi manifestarsi nell’età adulta.

Ad oggi però uno s tudio completamente italiano ha portato ad una nuov a linea di pensiero che attribuirebbe la comparsa della malattia ad una mi nor concentrazione dei recettori per il glutammato a li vello centrale.

Vista la sua alta concentrazione nelle neuroinfiammazioni potrebbe stimolare una nuov a linea di studio che poss a portare alla scoperta di un meccanismo protettivo che possa limitare l’immunopatologia nella sclerosi multipla.

Da un punt o di vista farmacologico negli ultimi dieci anni sono state seguite diverse strade per il trattamento di questa malattia che ha portato alla scoperta di farmaci che regolano l’attivazione e la circolazione dei linfociti T da parte dal la nostra interleuchina 17, ma anche di altri che vanno a bloccare la divisione cellulare e l’attivazione dei linfociti B. Per concludere ess endo stata statisticamente provata la sua importante azione nella comparsa della risposta immunitaria sarà quindi un

importante bers aglio terapeutico nella cura della sclerosi multipla e nel trattamento di altre malattie autoimmun i.

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