Allegato: Progetto di ricerca in regime di comunicazione inviato al Ministero della Salute
J. Orth Res 1998 16(4): 406-
4. UTILITA’ DEI RISULTATI CONSEGUIT
Il presente progetto di ricerca permetterà al gruppo di ricerca di:
A. Mettere a punto un modello animale per lo studio delle cellule staminali
mesenchimali, sia come ricerca di base sia per il loro utilizzo a fini terapeutici. B. Definire la localizzazione e distribuzione anatomica cutanea delle cellule
staminali mesenchimali isolate da midollo osseo e trapiantate in modo autologo in ferite aperte nel coniglio.
C. Determinare l’effetto sulla cicatrizzazione dell’applicazione di cellule espanse di midollo osseo differenziatesi in cellule mesenchimali in trapianti autologhi nel coniglio.
D. Valutare se la differenziazione in cellule mesenchimali contribuisce al processo di cicatrizzazione solo nelle fasi inerenti la neovascolarizzazione (cellule endoteliali) e il rimodellamento (fibroblasti e miofibroblasti) o anche su eventi di riepitelizzazione sia a partire dall’epidermide che dalla parete follicolare.
E. Individuare i fattori che contribuiscono e/o ostacolano la guarigione delle ferite in presenza di trapianto autologo come ulteriore passo nella conoscenza dei meccanismi che regolano il processo di riparazione tissutale e nella risoluzione dei problemi ad essa legati (cicatrici esuberanti e cheloidi o ferite che non guariscono).
IL RESPONSABILE DELL’ESPERIMENTO Francesca Abramo
Ringraziamenti
Un ringraziamento speciale è per la Dott.ssa Simona Passeri per il suo prezioso contributo nella correzione e stesura del lavoro, sempre disponibile a darmi una mano nel momento del bisogno.
Ringrazio il Dott. Vincenzo Miragliotta per avermi insegnato le procedure di colorazione e di immunoistochimica,
Ringrazio tutto il Dipartimento di Anatomia per il sostegno morale.
Per finire numerosi e sentiti ringraziamenti vanno a mio padre, mia madre e alle persone più care che mi hanno incoraggiato e sostenuto per tutti gli anni dell’università.
Bibbliografia
1. Abeysinghe H.R., Cao Q., Xu J., (2003): Thy-1 expression is associated with tumor suppression of human ovarian cancer. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet, 143, 125-32.
2. Al-Khaldi A., Al-Sabti H., Galipeau J., Lachapelle K., (2003): Therapeutic angiogenesis using autologous bone marrow stromal cells: improved blood flow in a chronic limb ischemia model. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 75, 204-209.
3. Almeida-Porada G., Ascensao J.L., Zanjani E.D., (1996), The role of sheep stroma in human haemopoiesis in the human/sheep chimeras. Br J Haematol, 93, 795-802.
4. Awad H.A., Butler D.L., Boivin G.P., Smith F.N., Malaviya P., Huibregtse B., Caplan A.I., (1999): Autologous mesenchymal ste cell- mediated repair of tendon. Tissue Eng., 5, 267-277.
5. Baddoo M., Hill K., Wilkinson R., (2003): Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from murine bone marrow by negative selection. J Cell Biochem, 89, 1235-1249.
6. Ball S.G., Shuttleworth A.C., Kielty C.M., (2004): Direct cell contact inflences bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36, 714-727.
7. Barnard J.P., Friedlander A.M., (1999): Vaccination agaist antrax with attenuated recombinant strains of Bacillus anthracis that produce protective antigen. Infect. Immun., 67, 562-7.
8. Barry F., Boyton R., Murphy M., Haynesworth S., Zaia J., (2001): The SH-3 and SH-4 antibodies recognize distinct epitopes on CD73 from
human mesenchymal stem cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communicatoins, 289, 519-524.
9. Barry F.P., Murphy M.J., (2004): Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications and biological characterization. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 36, 568-584.
10. Bazil V., Horejsi V., Baudys M., Kristofova H., Strominger J.L. Kostka W., Hilgert I., (1986): Biochemical characterization of a soluble form of the 53-kDa monocyte surface antigen. Eur.J.Immunol., 16, 1583.
11. Becker B.E., Gard D.L., (2006): Visualization of the cytoskeleton in Xenopus oocytes and eggs by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Methods Mol. Biol, 322, 69-86.
12. Bianco P., Riminucci M., Gronthos S., Robey P.G., (2001): Bone Marrow stromal stem cells: nature, biology, and potential applications, Stem Cells 19, 180-192.
13. Bhatia M., Wang J.C.Y.,. Kapp U, Bonnet D., J.E. Dick, (1997): Purification of primitive human haematopoietic cells capable of repopulating immune-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 5320-5325.
14. Bruder S.P., Horowitz M.C., Mosca J.D., Haynesworth S.E., (1997): Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human osteogenic cell surface antigens. Bone, 21, 225-235.
15. Bruder S., Jaiswal N., Hayneswoerth S.E., (1997): Growth kinetics, self- renewal and the osteogenic potential of purified human mesenchymal stem cells during extensive subcultivation following cryopreservation. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 64, 278-294.
16. Bruder S., Kurth A., Shea M., Hayes W.C., Jaiswal N., Kadiyala S., (1998): Bone regeneration by implantation of purified, culture-expanded human mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Orthopaedic Researche, 16, 155-162.
17. Bruder S.P., Ricalton N.S., Boynton R.E., Connolly T.J., Jaiswal N., Zaia J., Barry F.P., (1998): Mesenchymal stem cell surface antigen SB-10 corrisponds to activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and is involved in osteogenic differentiation. J Bone Miner Res,13, 655-663.
18. Carlo-Stella C., Di Nicola M, Gianni M.A., Cellule staminali mesenchimali: biologia e applicazioni cliniche. Evoluzione della tecnologia e degli obbiettivi clinici della terapia antitumorale, A4-A6.
19. Chamberlain G., Fox J., Ashton B., Middlenton J., (2007): Mesenchymal stem cells: their phenotype, differentiation, capacity, immunological features, potential for homing. Stem Cells, 25, 2739-2749.
20. Champonnier C., Gabbiani G., (2004): Pathological situations characterized by altered actin isoform speciality, J. Pathol. 204, 386-395. 21. Conget P.A., Minguell J.J., (1999): Phenotypical and functional properties
of human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol, 181, 63-73. cells from human bone marrow. PNAS, 97, 7, 3213-3218.
22. Colter D.C., Class R., Di Girolamo C., Prockop D.J., (2000): Rapid expantion of recycling stem cells in cultures of plastic-adherent
23. Colter D.C., Sekiya I., Prockop D.J., (2001): Identification of a subpopulation of rapidilly self-renewing and multipotential adult stem cells in colonies of human marrow stromal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), 98, 7841-7845.
24. Cristino S., Grassi., Toneguzzi S., Piacentini A., Grigiolo B., (2004): Analysis of mesenchymal stem cells grown on a three-dimensional HYAFF 11-based prototype ligament scaffold. Interscience, 276-282. 25. Dales S., Fujinami R.S., Oldstone M.B., (1983): Serologic relatedness
between Thy-1.2 and actin revealed by monoclonal antibody. J Immunol. 131, 1332.
26. Deans R.J., Moseley A.B., (2000): Mesenchymal stem cells: biollogy and potential clinical uses, Exp. Hematol.28, 875-884.
27. De Bari C, Dell’Accio F, Tylzanowshi P, Luyten F.P., (2001): Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane, Arthritis and Rheumatism 44, 1928-1942.
28. Dennis J.E., P. Charbord, (2002): Origin and differentation of human and murine stroma, Stem Cells 20, 205-214.
29. De Urgate D.A., Morizono K., Elbalbary A., Alfonso Z., Zuk P.A., Dragoo J.L., Ashjian P., Thomas B., Benhaim P, Chen I., Fraser J., Hedrick M.H., (2003) : Comparison of multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue and bone marrow, Cells Tissues Organs 174,101-109. 30. Di Girolamo C.M., Stokes D., Colter D., Phinney D.G., Class R., Prockop
D.J., (1999): Propagation and senescence of human marrow stromal cells in culture: a simple colony-forming assay identifies samples with the greatest potential to propagate and differentiate. British Journal of Haematology, 107, 275-281.
31. Di Nicola M., Carlo-Stella C., Magni M., milanesi M., Longoni p.D., Matteucci P., Grisanti S., Gianni A.M., (2002): Human Bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-Lynphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or non specific mitogenic stimuli, Blood, 99, 3838-3843.
32. Donovan P.J., Gearhart J. (2001): The end of the beginning for pluripotent stem cells. Nature 41, 492-97.
33. Dragoo J.C., Samini B., Zhu M, Hame S.L., Thomas B., Lieberman J.R., Hedrick M.H., Benhaim P., (2003):Tissue-engineered cartilage and bone using stem cells from human infrapatellar fat pads, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, British Voleume, 85, 740-747.
34. Evans M., Kaufman M., (1981): Establishment in culture of pluripotent cells from mouse embryos, “Nature” 292,154-156.
35. Fan H, Hu Y, Qin L et al. (2006): Porous gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate tri-copolymer scaffold containing microspheres loaded with TGF-beta1 induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo for enhancing cartilage repair. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A., 77,785-94.
36. Fauza D., (2004): Amniotic fluid and placental stem cells, Bes Practise e Research Clinical Obstretrics, 18, 6, 877-891.
37. Ferrari G., Cusella De Angelis G., Coletta M., Paolucci E., Stornaiuolo A., Cossu G., Mavillio F., (1998): Muscle regeneration by bone marrow- derived myogenic progenitors. Science, 279, 1528-1530.
38. Fouillard L., Bensidhoum M., Bories D., Bonte H., Lopez M., Moseley A.M., Smith A., Lesage S., Beaujean F., Thierry D., Gourmelon P., Najman A., Gorin N.C., (2003): Engraftment of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow of a patient with severe idiopathic aplastic anemia improves stroma. Leukemia, 17, 474-476.
39. Freed C.R., P.E. Greene, R.E. Breeze, et al., (2001): Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson’s disease, “New England Journal of Medicine” 344, 710-719.
40. Fukumoto T., Sperling J.W., Sanyal A.,. Fitzsimmons J.S,. Reinholz G.G,. Conover C.A, O’Driscoll D.W., (2003): Combined effects of insuline-like growth factor-1 and trasforming growth factor-beta1 on periosteal mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis in vitro. Osteoarthritis cartilage 11, 55-64.
41. Fukuda K., (2001): Development of regenerative cardiomyocites from mesenchymal stem cells for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Artif Organs, 25, 187-193-
42. Fukuda K., (2002): Molecular characterization of regenerated cardiomyocites derived from adult mesenchymal stem cells. Congenit Anom Kyoto, 42, 1-9.
43. Gronthos S., Franklin D.M., Leddy H.A., Robey P.G., (2001): Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue-derived strom cells,Journal of Cellular Physiology 189, 54-63.
44. Gronthos S., Simmons P.J., Graves S.E.,(2001): Integrin-mediated interactions between human bone marrow stromal precursor cells and the extracellular matrix. Bone, 28, 174-181.
45. Gussoni E., Soneoka Y., Strickland C.D., Buzney E.A., Khan M.K., Flint A.F., Kunkel L.M., Mulligan R.C., (1999): Dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse restored by stem cell transplantation, Nature 401, 390-394. 46. Hailman E., Lichenstein HS., Wurfel M.M., Miller D.S.., Johnson D.A.,
Kelley M., Busse L.A., Zukowski M.M., Wright S.D., (1994): Lipoplysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein accelerates the binfin of LPS to CD14. J. Exp.Med 179, 269.
47. Haynes BF, Liao HX., Pattorn K.L., (1991): The transmembrane hyalurate reseptor (CD44): multiple functions, multi forms. Cancer cells, 3, 347.
48. Haynesworth S.E., Baber M.A., Caplan A., (1992): Cell surface antigens on juman marrow-derived mesenchymal cells are detected by monoclonal antibodies. Bone, 13, 69-80.
49. Haziot A., Katz I., Jiao D., Rong G.W., Goyert S.M., (1993): Functional epitopes of CD14. In Leukocyte Typing V: White cell differentiation antigens. Oxford University Press, 782-784.
50. Horwitz E.M., Prockop D.J., Fitzpatrick L.A., Koo W.W., Goedon P.L., Neel M., Sussman M., Orchand P., Marx J.C., Pyeritz R.E., Brenner M.K., (1999): Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, Nature medicine, 5, 309-313.
51. Jankowski R.J., Deasy B.M., Huard J, (2002): Muscle-derived stem cells, Gene Therapy 9, 642-647.
52. Javazon E.H., Beggs K.J.,Flake A.W., (2004): Mesenchymal stem cells: paradoxes of passaging. Exp Hematol, 32, 414-425.
53. Jessop H.L, Noble B.S., Cryer A., (1994): The differentation of a potential mesenchymal stem cell population within ovine bone marrow, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 22, 248S.
54. Jordan C.T.,. Lemischka I.R, (1990): Clonal and systemic analysis of longterm haematopoiesis in the mouse, Genes Dev. 4, 220-23.
55. Juncosa-Melvin N., Bojvin G.P., Galloway M.T. et al., (2006): Effects of cell-to-collagen ratio in stem cell-seeded constructs for Achilles tendon repair. Tissue Eng., 12, 681-689.
56. Kadiyala S., Young R.G., Thiede M.A., Bruder S.P., (1997): Culture expanded canine mesenchymal stem cells possess osteochondrogenic
57. Kinght M., Toyoda T., Lee A.D., Bader D.L., (2006): Mechanical compression and hydrostatic pressure induce reversible changes in actin cytoskeletal organisation in chondrocites in agarose. J. Biomech. 39, 1547- 1551.
58. Kinner B., Zaleskas J.M., Spector M., (2002): Regulation of smooth muscle actin expression and contraction in adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp. Cell Res., 278, 72-83.
59. Koc O.N., Nieder M., Gerson S.L. Lazarus H.M., Krivit W., (2002): Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell infusion for treatment of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and Hurler syndrome (MPS-ICH), Bone Marrow Transplantation, 30, 215-222.
60. Krebsbach P.H., Mankani M.H., Satomura K., Kuznetsov S., Robey P.G., (1998): Repair of craniotomy defects using bone marrow stromal cells, Transplantation, 66, 1272-1278.
61. Labeta MO., Durieux JJ., Fernandez N., Hermann R., Ferrara P., (1993): Release from a human monocyte-like cell line of two different soluble forms of the lipopolysaccharide receptor, CD14. Eur. J. Immunol., 23, 2144.
62. Le Blanc K., Trammik C., Rosendahl K., Zetterberg E., Ringden O., (2003): HLA expression and immunologic properties of differentiated and undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells, Experimental Hematology, 31, 890-896.
63. Le Blanc K., Ringden O., Immunobiology of human mesenchymal stem cells and fuure use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol blood Marrow Transplant, 11, 321-334.
64. Libby P., (2001): What have we learned about the biology of atherosclerosis? The role of inflammation. Am. J. Cardiol., 88, 3-6.
65. Lovell-Badge R. (2001): The future for stem cell research. Nature 414, 88- 90.
66. Majumdar M.K., Keane-Moore M., Buyaner D., Hardy W.B., (2003): Moorman M.A., McIntosh K.R., Mosca J.D., Characterization and functionality of cell surface molecules on human mesenchymal stem cells, Journal of Biomedical Science, 10, 228-241.
67. Martin D.R., Cox N.R., Hathcock T.L., Niemeyer G.P., Backer H.J., (2002): Isolation and characterization of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells from feline bone marrow, Exp. Hematol. 30, 879-886.
68. Mathur A., Martin J.F., (2004): Stem cells and repair of the heart, Lancet 346 183-192.
69. Matzui Y., Zsebo K., Hogan B.L., (1992):Derivation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from murine primordial germ cells in colture, “Cell” 70, 81-87.
70. McBeath R., Pirone D.M., Nelson C.M., Bhadriraju K., Chen C.S., (2004): Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA regulate stem cell lineage commitment. Dev. Cell., 6, 483-495.
71. Meyez E., <key S., Vogelsang G., Szalayova I., Lange G.D., Crain B., (2003): Transplanted bone marrow generates new neurons in human brains, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Unitd States of America 100, 1364-1369.
72. Miao Z., Jin J., Chen L., Zhu J., Huang W., Zhao J., Quain X., Zhang X., (2006): Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells rfom human placenta:
comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biology International, 30, 681-687.
73. Miguell J.J., Erices A., Conget P., (2001): Mesenchymal stem cells. Exp. Biol. Med., 226(6), 507-520.
74. Miuria M., Gronthos S., Zhao M., Lu B., Fisher L.W., Robey P.G., Shi S., (2003): SHED: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduos teeth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 5807-5812.
75. Morrison S.J., Shah N. M., Anderson D.J. (1997): Regulatory mechanisms in stem cell biology. Cell 88, 287-298.
76. Mosca J.D.,. Hendricks J.K, Buyaner D., Davis-Sproul J., Chuang L.C., Majumdar M.K., Chopra R., Barry F., Murphy M.,. Thiede M.A, Junker U., Rigg R. J.,. Forestell S.P, (2000): Mesenchymal stem cells as vehicles for gene delivery, Clin. Orthop. 379, S71-S90.
77. Murphy M., Fink D.J., Hunziker E.B., Barry F.P., (2003): Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoartheritis, Arthritis Rheumatism, 48, 3464-3474.
78. Muscheler G.F., Nitto H., Matsukura Y., Boehm C., Valdevit A., Kambic H., Davros W., Powell K., Easley K., (2003): Spine fusion using cell matrix composites enriched in bone marrow-derived cells, Clinical Orthopaedics, 102-118.
79. Musina R.A., Bekcchanova E.S., Belyavskii A.V., Sukhikh G.T. (2005): Differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells of different origin. Cell Technologies in biology and medecine, 2, 147-151.
80. Musina R.A., Bekhanova E.S., Sukhikh G.T., (2005): Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from human tissues. Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine, 1, 2, 89-94.
81. Nakahara H., Bruder S.P., Haynesworth S.E. Holecek J.J., Baber M.A., Goldberg V.M. Caplan A.I., (1990): Bone and cartilage formation in diffusion chambers by subcultured cells derived from the periosteum, Bone 11, 181-188.
82. Noort W.A, Kruisselbrink A.B., Anker P.S. Kruger M., van Bezooijen R.L. de Paus R.A. Lowik C.W, Falkenburg J.H., Willemze R. Fibbe W.E., (2002): Mesenchymal stem cells promote engraftment of human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells in NOD/SCID mice, Experimental Hematology 30, 870-878.
83. Noth U., Osyczka A.M., Tuli R. Hickok N.J., Danielson K.G., Tuan R.S., (2002): Multilineage mesenchymal differentation pontial of human trabecular bone-derived cells, Journal of Orthopaedic Reserche 19,1060- 1069.
84. Orlic D., Kajstura J., Chimenti S., Jakoniuk I., Anderson S.M., Li B., Pickel J., McKay R., Nadal-Ginard B., Bodine D.M., Leri A., Anversa P., (2001): Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature 410, 701-705.
85. Owen M.E., Cavè J., Joyner C.J., (1987): Clonal analysis in vitro of osteogenic differentiation of marrow CFU-F. Journal of Cell Science, 87, 731-738.
86. Ortiz L.A., Gambelli F., McBride C., Gaupp D., Baddoo M., Kaminski N., Phinney D.G., (2003): Mesenchymal stem cell engraftmente i lung is
effects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 8407-8411.
87. Owen M.E., Cave J., Joyner C.J., (1987):Clonal analysis in vitro of osteogenic differentiation of CFU-F. J Cell Sci, 87 731-739.
88. Owens G.K., (1995): Regulation of differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, Physiol. Rev., 75, 487-517.
89. Peister A., Mellad J.A., Larson B.L., Hall B.M., Gibson L.F., Prockop D., (2004): Adult stem cells from bone marrow (MSCs) isolated from different strains of inbred mice vary in surface epitopes, rates of proliferation, and differentiation potential. Blood, 103, 1662-1668.
90. Pingel JT., Thomas M.L. (1989): Evidence that the leukocyte-common antigen is required for antigen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. Cell, 58, 1055.
91. Pitt M.L., Little S.F., Ivin S.E., et al., (2001): In vitro correlate of immunity in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax. Vaccine, 19, 4768- 4773.
92. Pittenger M.F., Vanguri P., Simonetti D., Black I.B., (2002) Adult mesenchymal stem cells: potential for muscle and tendon regeneration and use in gene therapy. J. Musculoskel. Neuron. Interact, 2, 309-320.
93. Pittenger M.F., Mackay A.M., Beck S.C., Jaiswal R.K., Douglas R., Mosca J.D.,. Moorman M.A,. Simonetti D.W, Craig S., Marshak D.R., (1999): Multilineage potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells, Science 284,143-147.
94. Poli G.. Cocilovo A., Microbiologia e immunologia veterianria, Ed. 2002, UTET
95. Ponticello S.M., Schinagl R.M., Kadiyala S, Barry F.P., (2000): Gelatin- based resorbable sponge as a carrier matrix for juman mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration therapy, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 52, 246-255.
96. Prockop D.J., (1997): Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues, Science 276 71-74.
97. Quarto R., Mastrogiacomo M., Cancedda R., Kutepov S.M., Mukhachev V., Lavroukov A., Kon E., Marcacci M., (2001): Repair of large bone defects with the use of autologous bone marrow stromal cells, The New England Journal of Medecine, 344, 385-386.
98. Reya T., Morrison S.J., Clarke M.F, Weissman I. (2001): Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 414, 105-111.
99. Ringe J., Kaps C., Schmitt B.,. Buscher K, Bartel J., Smolian H., Schultz O. Haupl T., Sittinger M, (2000): Porcine mesenchymal stem cells. Induction of disitnct mesenchymal cell lineages, Cell Tissue Res. 307, 321-227.
100. Saito T., Kuang J.Q., Bittira B., Al-Khaldi a., Chiu R.C., (2002): Xenotransplant cardiac chimera: immune tolerance of adult stem cells. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 74, 19-24.
101. Sandulache VC, Zhou Z, Sherman A et al. (2003), Impact of transplanted fibroblasts on rabbit skin wounds. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 129,345-350.
102. Schwarz E.J., Alexander G.M., Prockop D.J., Azizi S.A., (1999): Multipotential marrow stromal cells transduced to produce L-DOPA: engraftment in the rat model of Parkinson disease, Hum. Gene Ther. 10,
103. Sekiya I., Larson B.L., Smith J.R., (2002): Expantsion of human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma: conditions that maximize the yields of early progenitors and evaluate their quality. Stem Cells, 20, 539- 534.
104. Shake J.G., Gruber P.J., Baumgartner W.A., Senechal G., Meyers J., Redmond J.M., Pittenger M.F., Martin B., (2002): Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in a swine myocardial infarct model: engraftment and functional effects. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 73, 1919-1925.
105. Shao X, Goh JC, (2006) : Hutmacher DW et al. Repair of large articular osteochondral defects using hybrid scaffolds and bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model. Tissue Eng.,12,1539- 1551.
106. Shihabuddin L.S., Horner P.J., Ray J, Gage F.H., (2000): Adult spinal cord stem cells generate neurons after transplantation in the adult dentete gyrus, The journal of Neuroscience, 20, 8727-8735.
107. Simmons P.J. e Torok-Storb B., (1991): Identification of stromal cell precursoros in human bone marrow by a novel monoclonal antibody, STRO-1, Blood, 78, 55-62.
108. Simmons P.J., Zanettino A., Gronthos S., Leavesley D., (1994): Potential adhesion mechanisms for laolisation of hematopoietic progenitors to vone marrow stroma, Leukemia and Lynphoma, 12, 253- 263.
109. Sottile V., Halleux C., Bassilana F., Keller H., Seuwen K, (2002): Stem cell characteristics of human trabecular bone-derived cells, Bone 30, 699-704.
110. Stamm C., Westphal B., Klein H.D., Petzsch M., Kittner C., Klinge H., Schumichen C., Nienaber C.A., Freund M., Steinhoff G., (2003): Autologous bone-marrow stem cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration, Lancet 361, 45-46.
111. Taya A., Rege, Hagood J.S., Thy-1 as a regulator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in axon regenration, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, cancer and fibrosis. FASEB J. 20, 1045-1054.
112. Teng Y.D., Lavik E.B., Qu X., Park K.L., Ourednik J., Zurakowski D., Langer R., Snyder E.Y., (2002): Functional recovery follwing traumatic spinal cord injury mediated by a unique polymer scaffolf seeded with neural stem cells, Procedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States io America, 99, 3024-3029.
113. Tonks N.K., Charbonnau H., Diltz C.D., Fischer E.H., Walsh K.A., (1988) Demostration that leukocyte common antigen CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase. Biochemistry, 27, 8695.
114. Trentin J.J., (1970): Influnce of Hematopoitic organ stroma on stem cell differentiation, In Regulation of hematopoiesis (vol 1), As Gordon, New York.
115. Tuli R., Seghatoleslani M.R. Tuli S., Swang M.L., Hozack W.J. Manner P.A., Danielson K.G., Tuan R.S., (2003): A simple, high-yield method for obtaining multipotential mesenchymal progenitor cells from trabecular bone, Molecular Biotechnology 23, 37-49.
116. Tzima E., (2006): Role of small GTPases in endothelial cytoskeletal dynamics and the shear stress response. Cric. Res., 98, 176- 185.
117. Van der Loop G., Schaart G., Timmer E.D., Ramaekers F.C., van Eys G.J., (1996): Smoothelin, a novel cytoskeletal protein specific for smooth muscle cells,. J. Cell Biol., 134, 401-411.
118. Wang L., Li Y., Vhen X., Chen J., Gautam S.C., Xu Y., Chopp M., (2002): MCP-1, MIP-1, IL-8 and ischemic cerebral tissue enhance human bone marrow stromal cell migration in interface culture, Hematology, 7, 113-117.
119. Wang J.H., Thampatty B.P., (2003): An introductory review of cell mechanobiology. Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol., 5, 1-16.
120. Wang J.A., Fan Y.Q., Li C.L. et al., (2005) Human bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into damaged rabbit heart to improve heart function. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B., 6, 242-248.
121. Wang Z, Goh J, De SD et al., (2006): Efficacy of bone marrow- derived stem cells in strengthening osteoporotic bone in a rabbit model. Tissue Eng. 12,1753-1761.
122. Watt F.M.,.Hogan B.L.M. (2000): Stem cells and their niches. Science 287, 1427-1430.
123. Wickham M.Q., Erickson G.R., Gimble J.M., Vail T.P.,Guilak F, (2003): Multipotent stromal cells derived from the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee, Clinical Orthopaedics,196-212.
124. Wright SD, Ramos RA, Tobias PS, Ulevitch RJ, (1990): CD14 a receptor fro complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein, Science, 249,1431.
125. Woodbury D, Schwarz EJ, Prockop DJ et al. (2000): .Adult rat and human bone marow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. J. Neurosci. Res. 61, 364-370.
126. Ye J, Yao K, Kim JC, (2006): Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a rabbit corneal alkali burn model: engraftment and involvement in wound healing. Eye, 20,482-490.
127. Yoon Y., Pitts K., McNiven M., (2002): Studying cytoskeletal dynamics in living cells using green fluorescent protein. Mol. Biotechnol., 21, 241-250.
128. Young R.G., Butler D.L. Weber W., Caplan A.I., Gordon S.L., Fink D.J., (1998): Use of mesenchymal stem cells in a collagen matrix for Achilles tendon repair, Journal of Orthopaedic Research ,16, 406-413. 129. Zang J., Li G.S., Li G.C., et al.,(2005): Autologous mesenchymal
stem cells transplantation in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Chin. Med. J., 118, 73-76.
130. Zarnett R., Salter R.B., (1989): Periosteal neochondrogenesis for biologically resurfacing joints: its cellular origin, Canadian Journal of Surgery 32, 171-174.
131. Zuk P.A., Zhu M., Ashjian P., (2002): Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol. Biol. Cell., 13, 4279-4295.