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Evacuation model based on game theory - simulation and design

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Abstract - Sommario

i

Evacuation model based on game theory -

simulation and design

Abstract

In order to improve the safety during emergency situations that may happen in public or working places, there is the necessity of a better evacuation systems design. Since it is not sufficient for evaluating the goodness of an evacuation process only to keep to codes and handbooks’ rules, it is necessary the use of additional tools in order to achieve a more realistic evacuation calculation. A very powerful method is that based on computerized evacuation simulations. In this thesis an evacuation simulation model based on game theory is presented. This model involves several parameters and aspects attempting to obtain a satisfactory representation of the reality. Moreover, a simulative study to find the best emergency exits positioning, - in terms of minimum egress time -, among different possible locations into a generic layout has been done.

Modello di evacuazione basato sulla teoria del gioco -

simulazione e progettazione

Sommario

Per migliorare la sicurezza durante le situazioni di emergenza, che possono accadere in luoghi pubblici od in luoghi di lavoro, c’è la necessità di una migliore progettazione dei sistemi di evacuazione. Dato che per valutare la bontà di un processo di evacuazione non è sufficiente attenersi soltanto a regole di codici e manuali, è necessario l’uso di strumenti addizionali, che permettano di ottenere un calcolo più realistico dell’evacuazione. Un metodo molto efficace è quello basato sulle simulazioni computerizzate di evacuazioni. In questa tesi viene presentato un modello di simulazione di evacuazione basato sulla teoria del gioco. Il modello comprende diversi parametri e aspetti, che tentano di ottenere una rappresentazione soddisfacente della realtà. Inoltre, è stato fatto uno studio simulativo per trovare il miglior posizionamento delle uscite di sicurezza, - in termini di tempo minimo di evacuazione -, all’interno di un generico layout, tra diverse locazioni possibili.

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Index 2

Index

Chapter 1 Introduction ………. p. 1 Chapter 2

State of the art……… p. 3

2.1 Introduction……… p. 3

2.2 A brief review of some evacuation models………... p. 4

Chapter 3

The exit selection problem: a game theory based approach……….. p. 12

3.1 Introduction……….. p. 12 3.2 Theoretical background………. p. 12 3.2.1 Algorithm………... p. 14 3.2.2 Game theoretic formalization………. p. 17

Chapter 4

The evacuation simulation model………... p. 22

4.1 Introduction……….. p. 22 4.2 Human and social aspects in emergency evacuations………. p. 22 4.2.1 Human physical characteristics………. p. 23 4.2.2 Environmental characteristics……… p. 24 4.2.3 Psychological and social characteristics……….. p. 24 4.3 The software environment………. p. 25 4.4 The evacuation simulation model………. p. 27 4.4.1 Simulation model user’s interface………. p. 27 4.4.2 Model’s technical aspects………... p. 29 4.4.3 Model’s parameters………. p. 35

Chapter 5

Simulative study and experimental results……….. p. 40

5.1 Introduction……….. p. 40 5.2 Hypotheses and factorial analysis……… p. 40 5.3 The simulative study………... p. 43

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Index

3 Chapter 6

Conclusions and future developments………. p. 55 Appendix A ……….. p. 56 Appendix B ……….. p. 57 Appendix C ……….. p. 62

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