12th Annual Conference of the
EuroMed Academy of Business
Business Management Theories and Practices
in a Dynamic Competitive Environment
Edited by:
Demetris Vrontis,
Yaakov Weber,
Evangelos Tsoukatos
Published by: EuroMed Press
12th Annual Conference of the
EuroMed Academy of Business
CONFERENCE READINGS
BOOK PROCEEDINGS
September 18-20 2019 Thessaloniki, Greece
Business Management Theories and Practices
in a Dynamic Competitive Environment
Copyright ©The materials published in this Readings Book may be reproduced for instructional and non-commercial use. Any use for non-commercial purposes must have the prior approval of the Executive Board of the EuroMed Research Business Institute (EMRBI).
All full papers and abstracts submitted to the EMRBI Conference are subject to a peer reviewing process, using subject specialists selected because of their expert knowledge in the specific areas.
FOREWORD
The Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business aims to provide a
unique international forum to facilitate the exchange of cutting-edge information
through multidisciplinary presentations on examining and building new theory and
business models for success through management innovation.
It is acknowledged that the conference has established itself as one of the major
conferences of its kind in the EuroMed region, in terms of size, quality of content,
and standing of attendees. Many of the papers presented contribute significantly to
the business knowledge base.
The conference attracts hundreds of leading scholars from leading universities and
principal executives and politicians from all over the world with the participation or
intervention of Presidents, Prime Ministers, Ministers, Company CEOs, Presidents of
Chambers, and other leading figures.
This year the conference attracted about 210 people from over 37 different countries.
Academics, practitioners, researchers and Doctoral students throughout the world
submitted original papers for conference presentation and for publication in this
Book. All papers and abstracts were double blind reviewed. The result of these
efforts produced empirical, conceptual and methodological papers and abstracts
involving all functional areas of business.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Many people and organizations are responsible for the successful outcome of the
12th Annual Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business. Special thanks go to
the Conference Co-Chairs Prof. Stamatis Angelopoulos (International Hellenic
University) and Prof. Christos Floros (Hellenic Mediterranean) for accomplishing an
excellent job.
It is acknowledged that a successful conference could not be possible without the
special co-operation and care of the Track Chairs and Reviewers for reviewing the
many papers that were submitted to this conference. Special thanks to the Session
Chairs and Paper Discussants for taking the extra time to make this conference a real
success.
The last but not the least important acknowledgment goes to all those who submitted
and presented their work at the conference. Their valuable research has highly
contributed to the continuous success of the conference.
TABLE OF PAPERS
COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS, ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES AND SMES PERFORMANCE ... 31
Anagnostopoulou, Evgenia; Eleftheriadis, Iordanis ... 31
THE IMPACT OF BEHAVIORAL INCONSISTENCIES ON STOCK RETURN: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. ... 44
Attia, Silvia1; Sapuric, Svetlana2; El Gazzar, Sara1 ... 44
ENHANCING THE CULTURE AND CREATING VALUE FOR THE TERRITORY THROUGH OPEN INNOVATION: A CASE STUDY ... 58
Baima, Gabriele1; Santoro, Gabriele1;Ferraris, Alberto2 ... 58
EDUCATIONAL IMPACT ON OLDER ADULTS’ WELL-BEING: A LOCAL CASE FOR GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ... 69
Barysheva, Galina A.1; Mikhalchuk, Alexander A.1; Kåreholt, Ingemar 2; Casati, Fabio 3; Nedospasova, Olga P.1; Terekhina, Lyudmila I.1 ... 69
THE LINK BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL FACILITATORS AND GLOCALISATION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF INNOVATION IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES ... 85
Bašić, Maja ... 85
AN ANALYSIS OF UK ANDERSEN CLIENTS PRE- AND POST ANDERSEN DEMISE: WHERE HAVE THEY GONE AND DID THEY PAY MORE?... 105
Basioudis, Ilias ... 105
ANALYZING BASIC COMPONENTS AND CONTEMPORARY FEATURES OF DEPOSIT INSURANCE: EVIDENCE FROM UKRAINE ... 124
Berezina, Olena1; Honcharenko, Iryna1; Servatynska, Inna1; Berezhna, Lesya1; Kravchenko, Olha2 ... 124
SMART ENERGY COMMUNITY AND COLLECTIVE AWARENESS: A SYSTEMATIC SCIENTIFIC AND NORMATIVE REVIEW ... 139
Ceglia, Francesca1; Esposito, Paolo2; Sasso, Maurizio1 ... 139
CROSS CULTURAL INFLUENCES UPON PURCHASE INTENTIONS: THE INFLUENCE OF THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN (COO) ... 150
Cheng, Min1; Halliburton, Chris2 ... 150
ENTREPRENEURIAL CREATIVITY IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT ... 164
TO FORBEAR OR NOT TO FORBEAR: THIS IS THE QUESTION! ... 174
De Vincentiis, Paola ... 174
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE THROUGH THE USE OF HEALTHY SOLUTIONS IN ROMANIA 190 Dinu, Marinel Cornelius1; Goga, Nicolae2 ... 190
THE VIRTUAL COMMUNITY’S MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEM TO ENGAGE FIRMS INTO SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY. THE ITALIAN AGRIFOOD SECTOR ... 197
Fait, Monica1; Scorrano, Paola1; Iaia, Lea2; Cavallo, Federica1; Maizza, Amedeo1 ... 197
WINE TOURISM SERVICES AS COMPETITIVE FACTOR FOR DIRECT SALES DEVELOPMENT - EVIDENCE FROM ITALY ... 214
Festa, Giuseppe1; Rossi, Matteo2; Panahov, Tariyel3; Benvenuti, Paolo4... 214
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND ONLINE SHOPPING FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF ITALIAN CONSUMERS ... 225
Finotto, Vladi; Mauracher, Christine; Procidano, Isabella ... 225
THE LEVEL OF PROXIMITY OF LATIN COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF CUSTOMER’S EXPECTATIONS ABOUT SERVICES: APPLICATION TO THE HOTEL SERVICE ... 240
Franco, Mara1; Meneses, Raquel2 ... 240
UNDERSTANDING THE DONATING MIND & OPTIMIZING MESSAGING – PUBLIC HOSPITALS ... 254
Gabay, G.1; Moskowitz, H.2; Gere, A.3 ... 254
THE ROLE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY TO IMPROVING UPON THE ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE IN ROMANIA ... 268
Gabroveanu, Janina Mirela; Asadi, Rahil ... 268
INTANGIBLE ASSETS – INFLUENCE ON THE “RETURN ON EQUITY ON MARKET VALUE” (S&P100 INDEX) ... 278
Garcia y, Jair1; Lopes, Jose2; Nunes, Alcina3 ... 278
PATH DEPENDENT EXPLANATIONS OF A CITY’S CLEANLINESS ACHIEVEMENTS ... 292
Garg, Shivangi1; Garg, Shaaranya2; Garg, Swapnil3 ... 292
EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON STUDENTS’ BURNOUT 304 Georgiou, Dimitra Ap.; Androulakis, George S. ... 304
ANALYSING FACTORS AFFECTING BURNOUT IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: THE
PHENOMENON OF DEPERSONALISATION ... 317
Georgiou, Dimitra Ap.; Androulakis, George S. ... 317
DELIVERY EXCELLENCE THROUGH PROCESS IMPROVEMENT AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT ... 330
Gheta, Madalina Ionela ... 330
THE ENTREPRENEURS’ PROPENSITY TO ADOPT ELECTRIC MOBILITY IN THE SHORT FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN... 336
Giacomarra, Marcella; Tulone, Antonio; Crescimanno, Maria; Galati, Antonino ... 336
THE MEDITERRANEAN’S GOLD: WHICH COMMERCIAL PROSPECTS FOR THE THUNNUS THYNNUS IN ITALY? ... 351
Giacomarra, Marcella; Crescimanno, Maria; Siggia, Dario; Tulone, Antonio; Galati, Antonino ... 351
PERFORMANCE OF BIG DATA FIRMS AND THE INFORMATION PRIVACY LAW ... 362
Gibilaro, Lucia1; Mattarocci, Gianluca2; Mihai-Yiannaki, Simona3 ... 362
SUSTAINABILITY OF COW FARMING SYSTEMS AS AFFECTED BY THE TYPE OF THE FARMS AND THE FARMER'S PROFILE ... 375
Gourdouvelis, Dimitrios1, Tsiouni, Maria2, Mitsopoulos I3., Aggelopoulos, Stamatis3 ... 375
ONLINE NEWS RECOMMENDATIONS CREDIBILITY: THE TIE IS MIGHTIER THAN THE SOURCE ... 386
Hayat, Tsahi; Samuel-Azran, Tal... 386
DOES THE SIGNAL GAP INDICATE A GROWING RISK OF ECONOMIC RECESSION?... 402
Hronová, Stanislava1; Hindls, Richard2; Marek Luboš2 ... 402
PROFITABILITY AND WINE PRODUCTION COMPANIES DURING TEN YEARS: WHAT’S THE ISSUE? ... 414
Iovino, Felicetta ... 414
GENERATION ENERGY COMPANIES AND ITS FINANCIAL DYNAMICS DURING TEN YEARS ... 424
Iovino, Felicetta ... 424
PROFITABILITY STRUCTURE OF TRAVEL AGENCIES AND TOUR OPERATORS DURING TEN YEARS ... 433
Iovino, Felicetta ... 433
NETWORK-BASED INCUBATORS: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE OF I2C AND RESEARCH AGENDA ... 443
Iscaro, Valentina1; Castaldi, Laura2; Joshi, Rigved3; Turi, Claudio2 ... 443
DEVELOPING ATTRACTING DESTINATIONS FOR GENERATION Z BASED ON DESIRED DESTINATION COMPONENTS ... 457
Kamenidou, Irene; Mamalis, Spyridon; Pavlidis, Stavros; Bara, Evangelia-Zoi ... 457
FOSTERING SUSTAINABILITY IN TOURISM SUPPLY CHAINS: A QFD DECISION FRAMEWORK ... 468
Kamvysi, Konstantina1; Andronikidis, Andreas1; Georgiou C., Andreas2; Gotzamani, Katerina1 ... 468
LEARNING AS AN OUTCOME OF DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES IN CASE OF STRATEGIC RENEWAL ... 478
Karagouni, Glykeria1; Karagiannis, Antonis2 ... 478
IS THE FUTURE GENERATION OF GREEK CONSUMERS WILLING TO INVEST IN RENEWABLE ENERGY? ... 497
Karasmanaki, Evangelia; Tsantopoulo,s Georgios ... 497
CAN GRATITUDE INCREASE LOYALTY? ... 511
Kirse, Sigita; Dikcius, Vytautas; Adomaviciute, Karina ... 511
CASH HOLDINGS, CORPORATE PERFORMANCE AND VIABILITY OF GREEK SMES... 525
Koronios, Konstantinos1; Dimitropoulos, Panagiotis1; Thrassou, Alkis2 ... 525
A CONTEMPORARY SPORT SPONSORSHIP EFFECTIVENESS MODEL: SCALE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION ... 533
Koronios, Konstantinos1; Dimitropoulos, Panagiotis1; Kriemadis, Athanasios1; Papadopoulos, Andreas1; Thrassou, Alkis2 ... 533
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL COMMERCE COMPONENTS ON CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: A RESEARCH MODEL... 539
Kutabish, Saleh; Soares, Ana ... 539
EXPLORING THE NEED FOR CLINICAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT. A CROSS NATIONAL STUDY ... 559
PREPARATION FOR EXPATRIATION: DO MILLENIALS NEED OTHER CULTURAL TRAINING
AND DEVELOPMENTS? ... 571
Ladwig, Desiree H.1; Domsch, Michel E2.; Wolf, Alexandra1 ... 571
INNOVATIVE TEACHING CONCEPT FOR FUTURE MANAGERS IN AGILE COMPANY STRUCTURES - SUPPORTING STUDENTS´ SELF-ORGANIZATION AND COLLABORATIVE LEARNING SKILLS ... 591
Ladwig, Désirée1; Beer1; Domsch, Michel E2 ... 591
HUMOR USAGE BY FEMALE AND MALE MANAGERS AT THE WORKPLACE: FINDINGS FROM A PILOT STUDY ... 600
Lampreli, Anastasia1; Patsala, Paschalia2; Priporas, Constantinos-Vasilios3 ... 600
MARKET SCENARIOS AND START-UP’S PATENTING: THE MODERATOR ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS’ NARCISSISM... 613
Leonelli, Simona1; Masciarelli, Francesca2 ... 613
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON FINANCIAL REPORTING ... 628
Liviu-Alexandru Tudor ... 628
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL AREA OF CSR WITHIN THE COMPANIES AND ITS EFFECT ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ... 635
Lušňáková, Zuzana; Šajbidorová, Mária; Lenčéšová, Silvia; Sokil, Oksana... 635
TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD COMPANIES BE CONCERNED WITH ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING, SPOSNORSHIP AND OTHER FORMS OF SALES PROMOTION? TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD COMPANIES BE CONCERNED ABOUT CUSTOMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SUCH ‘ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR? FINDINGS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ... 650
Magos, Nikos ... 650
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN, GREEN PRODUCT BELIEFS AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY MORE TOWARD GREEN FASHION PRODUCTS. A COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND TAIWAN 658 Mainolfi, Giada ... 658
CROP AND LIVESTOCK FARMERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY FROM LAKE PAMVOTIS IN GREECE ... 670
Mangioros, Vasilios1; Chiotelli, Ekaterini2; Karasmanaki, Evangelia3; Tsantopoulos, Georgios3 ... 670
THE SVALBARD ARCHIPELAGO UPON THE LAW OF THE SEA ... 685
BLOCKCHAIN WITH EMPHASIS ON TAX LAW ... 693
Maniatis, Antonios ... 693
IS THERE A FASHION LAW? ... 699
Maniatis, Antonios ... 699
LABOR COST AND PROFITABILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF NORTH WEST ITALY ... 706
Marro, Davide; Giovando, Guido; Venturini, Stefano ... 706
SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION AND QUINTUPLE HELIX: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A SYSTEM DYNAMIC APPROACH... 719
Maruccia, Ylenia; Solazzo, Gianluca; Passiante, Giuseppina; Del Vecchio, Pasquale ... 719
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE LUXURY INDUSTRY- A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING STUDY ... 731
Mastropetrou, Margaret; Bithas, George; Kutsikos, Konstadinos ... 731
FISCAL INCENTIVES FOR TENANTS OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN RUSSIA’S FAR EAST ... 747
Mayburov, Igor1; Sinenko, Olga2 ... 747
THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON RELATIONS BETWEEN PARENT COMPANIES AND FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES ... 757
Meneses, Raquel; Carneiro, Pedro ... 757
SOCIAL ENTREPRISES’ PROFITABILITY IN ITALY: RESULTS OF A STUDY ON 161 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OVER THE FIVE-YEAR-TERM ... 771
Migliaccio, Guido1; Molinaro, Maria Assunta2 ... 771
ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL DIMENSION OF ITALIAN SOCCER TEAMS AND SPORTS RESULTS: SOME RELATIONSHIPS ... 787
Migliaccio, Guido; Corea, Martina Maria ... 787
ASSET BALANCE OF ITALIAN FUEL DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES DURING AND AFTER THE CRISIS ... 803
Migliaccio, Guido1; Ciotta, Carmelina2 ... 803
ASSIGNING DATABASES OWNERSHIP AND STEWARDSHIP IN THE HEALTH HUBS AND CLUSTERS ... 820
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN VIETNAM: NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY EFFORTS TO PREVENT
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ... 830
NgocTran, ThiBich1; Barysheva, Galina Anzelmovna2; Anh, Dinh Thi Phuong3 ... 830
ACTIVE LEARNING IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION: A POSSIBLE CONNECTION USING TEACHING PERSPECTIVE INVENTORY? ... 847
Nicoliello, Mario... 847
TEACHING PERSPECTIVES INVENTORY IN THE ACCOUNTING FIELD: A FIRST EXPLORATORY ATTEMPT ... 862
Nicoliello, Mario... 862
INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS PROTOTYPES: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ... 881
Ogliastri, Enrique1, 2; Quintanilla, Carlos2; Benetti, Sara2 ... 881
A STUDY OF EXOGENOUS GAP CRITICAL FOR CLUSTER DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION WITH GLOBAL MARKETS... 899
Osarenkhoe, Aihie; Fjellström, Daniella ... 899
UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY INTERACTION: EVOLUTION, NECESSITY, BARRIERS AND PROSPECTS ... 912
Ovchinnikova, Nataliia1; Ovchinnikova, Oxana2; Kokuytseva, Tatiana2 ... 912
EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING EFFECTS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL RESEARCH ... 925
Panigyrakis, George; Yerimou, Pantelitsa ... 925
PERCENTILE CITATION-BASED METHOD FOR SCREENING THE MOST HIGHLY CITED PAPERS IN LONGITUDINAL BIBLIOMETRIC STUDIES AND SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEWS ... 935
Pech, Gerson1; Delgado, Catarina2 ... 935
SMART SUSTAINABLE CITY AND URBAN KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY: EVIDENCES FROM ITALY ... 948
Penco, Lara1; Ivaldi, Enrico2; Isola, Gabriele1; Musso, Enrico1 ... 948
ADVERTISEMENT AS A MEANS OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AMONG KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS ... 971
THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND ON STOCK MARKET
VALUATION OF 100 COMPANIES ON THE STANDARD & POORS 500 INDEX ... 982
Pettas, Lampros; Lois, Petros; Repousis, Spyros ... 982
COST-STRUCTURE AND THE VOLATILITY OF CAPITALISM ... 1013
Philipson, Sarah ... 1013
CONSUMERS AND ENTERPRISES AS ACTORS ON THE MARKET ... 1021
Philipson, S. ... 1021
DATA COLLECTION FOR A PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ... 1034
Remondino, Marco1; Schiesari, Roberto2 ... 1034
A STUDY OF THE BENEFITS FOR STARTUPS COMING FROM INCUBATORS ... 1057
Ribeiro, Humberto1; Meneses, Raquel2; Sousa, João2 ... 1057
FINANCIAL STRUCTURE INSTABILITY AS FAILURE SYMPTOM IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY - THE JET AIRWAYS BANKRUPTCY CASE ... 1072
Rossi, Matteo1; Kolte, Ashutosh2; Festa, Giuseppe3; Pawar, Pratik4; Gunardi, Ardi5 ... 1072
AN AHP MODEL TO EVALUATE THE INFLUENCE OF CALENDAR EFFECTS ON INVESTMENT CHOICE ... 1083
Rossi Matteo; Marcarelli Gabriella; Ferraro Antonella; Lucadamo Antonio ... 1083
KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS’ (KRG) ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA IN CONTEXT OF DEVELOPING MUTUAL HYDROCARBONS INDUSTRY ... 1093
Salim, Bahzad Taher1; Murtuzalieva, Svetlana2 ... 1093
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND CLINICAL MONITORING: USEFUL MEASURES FOR IMPROVING QUALITY AND REDUCING COSTS IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS ... 1112
Salvatore, Fiorella Pia1; Fanelli, Simone2; Contò, Francesco1 ... 1112
GLOBALISATION PROPENSITY OF TRANSITION LEADERS: PUSH AND PULL FACTORS ... 1129
Samardžija, Jasminka ... 1129
DIASPORA AS ORGANIZATION, THE CASE OF THE FRENCH’S ORIGIN LAO ... 1141
Sangkhavongs, Souchinda ... 1141
“IS UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE THE NEW TABOO DIMENSION?” RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP AND UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE INDEX (UAI) IN LUXEMBOURG ... 1170
Schinzel, Ursula ... 1170
THE MODERN APPROACH TO COMPETENCIES MANAGEMENT BASED ON IT SOLUTIONS1206 Semenov, Aleksandr1; Vladimirovna Kokuytseva, Tatiana2; Petrovna Ovchinnikova, Oksana2 ... 1206
THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CREATION OF PERSONAL BRANDING AND ITS IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL PROGRESS ... 1214
Shyle, Irma1; Azizi, Romina2 ... 1214
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EXPERIENTIAL VALUES COMPONENTS IN AN ONLINE BOOKING CONDITION: INSIGHTS FROM GENERATION Z ... 1228
Stavrianea, Aikaterini1; Kamenidou, Irene2; Bara, Evangelia-Zoi2 ... 1228
SCHOOL MEDICINE–THE PREVENTION KERNEL FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS’ HEALTH... 1241
Stefănescu, Alexandru Mihai1; Stefănescu, Alexandra Rodica2 ... 1241
DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AS BALANCING: THE INTERPLAY OF ORDINARY CAPABILITIES, SIGNATURE PROCESSES, AND ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY ... 1250
Tagliaventi, Maria Rita1; Carli, Giacomo2 ... 1250
THE INFLUENCE OF LIMINALITY ON ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY CHANGE ... 1264
Tagliaventi, Maria Rita1; Carli, Giacomo2 ... 1264
KNOWLEDGE FROM CUSTOMERS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1277
Tomczyk, Przemyslaw ... 1277
CIRCULAR ECONOMY. THE WAY THE GREEK INDUSTRY LEADERS DO IT. ... 1295
Trigkas, M1.; Mpyrou K1.; Karagouni, G2.; Papadopoulos, I2. ... 1295
FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR BRAND DEVELOPMENT ... 1311
Tselempis, Dimitrios1; Karipidis, Philippos1, Tzimas, Dionysios2; Kontogeorgos, Achilleas3 ... 1311
INVESTMENTS THROUGH THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE ROLE OF THE MODEL FOREST ... 1323
Tsimplinas, Dimitrios1; Karasmanaki, Evangelia2; Tsantopoulos, Georgios2 ... 1323
EVALUATING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCING THE GROSS MARGIN IN DAIRY FARMING . 1339 Tsiouni, Maria1; Gourdouvelis, Dimitrios2; Aggelopoulos, Stamatis3; Chioteris, Spiros3 ... 1339
CONSUMERS PERCEPTION OF FOOD SAFETY RELATED RISK IN THE ITALIAN MARKET .... 1347
Tulone, Antonio; Crescimanno, Maria; Giacomarra, Marcella; Galati, Antonino ... 1347
THE NEED FOR TEACHING COMPASSIONATE SELF-LEADERSHIP IN A UNIVERSITY SETTING ... 1355
Tzortzaki, Alexia Mary ... 1355
AFRICA AND THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT JUSTICE DEFERRED OR DENIED? 1367 Van Der Bank, C.M. ... 1367
STRATEGY-MAKING BY ANSWERING 49 QUESTIONS: A NOVEL PROCESS-BASED PRACTICE MODEL ... 1378
Van Straten, Roeland ... 1378
A TYPOLOGY FOR CHEESE BUSINESSES BASED ON THEIR STRATEGIC ORIENTATION ... 1390
Varvaras, I.1; Aggelopoulos, S.2; Pavloudi A.2 ... 1390
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG STRATEGIC ORIENTATION, INNOVATIVITY DEGREE AND FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY ... 1405
Varvaras, Ioannis1; Aggelopoulos, Stamatis2; Pavloudi, Alexandra2 ... 1405
STRATEGIC TRANSFER PRICING RISK MANAGEMENT: NEW CHALLENGES AHEAD ... 1422
Venturini, Stefano; Giovando, Guido ... 1422
FORECASTING TOURISM DEMAND IN EUROPE ... 1434
Vortelinos, Dimitrios I.1; Gkillas, Konstantinos2; Floros, Christos3; Vasiliadis, Lavrentios3 ... 1434
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNOSTRESSORS, A SURPRISING PARADOX FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND WORK/HOME CONFLICT ... 1458
Washington, Montressa L.1; Madden, Jennifer R.2 ... 1458
THE COLLABORATION & DESIGN THINKING GLUE BETWEEN ALL DISCIPLINES: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS THROUGH A SYSTEMITIZED, NON-LINEAR APPROACH CENTERED AROUND HUMANS ... 1470
Washington, Montressa L.1; Madden, Jennifer R.2 ... 1470
EXPLORING POWER ASSYMETRY IN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SPECIFIC CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION ... 1483
Wieczorek, Anna1; Mitręga, Maciej2 ... 1483
FINDING THE WAY OUT OF THE NETNOGRAPHY MAZE – BASIC STEPS OF CONDUCTING NETNOGRAPHY: THE TALE OF NEW RESEARCHERS IN THE FIELD ... 1494
Xharavina, Natyra1; Kapoulas, Alexandros2,3 ... 1494
REMEDIES FOR THE HOOLIGANISM FACTOR IN THE FOOTBALL INDUSTRY: THE PARADIGM OF CYPRUS ... 1508
Yiapanas, George; Thrassou, Alkis; Vrontis, Demetris; Kartakoullis, Nicos... 1508
THE USE OF EDUCATIONAL TOOLS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: THE CASE OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION ... 1520
Zafiraki, Kiriaki; Petkou, Daphne; Tsantopoulos, Georgios ... 1520
A STUDY OF ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR AT THE WORKPLACE: SCHOOLS IN THE STATE OF KUWAIT ... 1532
Zaki Fraij, Waleed ... 1532
DOES IT TAKE TWO TO TANGO? AQUIRER'S MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOUR AND ACQUIRED EMPLOYEES' ATTITUDES IN EXPLAINING START-UP ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE ... 1561
Zaks Ofer; Naamati, Schneider Lior ... 1561
THE IMPLICATIONS OF ICT USE IN TOURISTS' TRAVEL PATTERNS: CASE OF ZADAR ... 1575
TABLE OF ABSTRACTS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ... 1590
Adamashvili, Nino; Fiore, Mariantonietta; Colantuono, Fedele; Conto’, Francesco ... 1590
THE IMPACT OF MORAL EMOTIONS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS ON CONSUMER INTENTION TO BUY COUNTERFEIT PRODUCTS IN LITHUANIA AND UKRAINE ... 1593
Adomaviciute, Karina; Kirse, Sigita; Huselnykova, Svetlana ... 1593
THE RELATION OF STRESS MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY OF CYPRUS ... 1596
Afxentiou Georgios; Malkawi Elena; Antoniades George ... 1596
LINKAGE BETWEEN MODERATE WINE CONSUMPTION AND WELL-BEING: ANALYSIS OF ITALIAN CONSUMERS BY REGIONS OVER TIME ... 1598
Alaimo, Leonardo1; Fiore, Mariantonietta2; Adamashvili, Nino2; Conto, Francesco2... 1598
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED MANAGER’S EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE ON TURNOVER OF EMPLOYEE IN SAUDI SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE (SMES) ... 1602
Albalawi, Abdulmajeed Saad; Naughton, Shahnaz ... 1602
THE EFFECT OF RELIGIOSITY AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON ARAB WOMEN CONSUMERS’ SELF-EXPRESSION THROUGH LUXURY BRANDS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY ... 1603
Alserhan, Baker Ahmad1; Halkias, Daphne2; Boulanouar, Aisha Wood3; Komodromos, Marcos4; Ayed, Tahar Lazhar5;
Althawadi, Othman6 ... 1603 ONLINE MARKETING CHANNELS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF MARKETING MODELS FOR INTERNET ADVERTISING AND A NEW COMPARATIVE APPROACH ... 1604
Angeloni, Silvia1; Rossi, Claudio2 ... 1604 HOW GLOBALIZATION INFLUENCES THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES’ HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGIC POLICY ... 1605
Asadi, Rahil1; Marin, Gabriel Octavian2 ... 1605 DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE’S GROWTH ... 1607
EDUCATIONAL IMPACT ON OLDER ADULTS’ WELL-BEING: A LOCAL CASE FOR GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ... 1609
Barysheva, Galina A.1; Mikhalchuk, Alexander A.1; Kåreholt, Ingemar 2; Casati, Fabio 3; Nedospasova, Olga P.4;
Terekhina, Lyudmila I.4 ... 1609 WINE, ART AND INNOVATION: A MATTER OF PROCESS AND PRODUCT? ... 1613
Begalli, D.1; Lazzaro, E.2; Sidali, K. L.1 ... 1613 THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE HRM IN THE CONTEXT OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: THE CASE OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS ... 1614
Bučiūnienė, Ilona1; Goštautaitė, Bernadeta1; Moniz, Antonio1,2; Stankevičiūtė, Živilė1; Liubertė, Irina1; Patricia Reay3
... 1614
IMPACT OF THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONTEXT ON THE INTERNATIONALIZATION TRAJECTORIES OF MULTINATIONALS ... 1617
Cherbib, J.1 ; Chebbi, H.2 ; Yahiaoui, D.3 ... 1617 APPLYING A SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY PERSPECTIVE TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF STUDENT LIFEWORLD ON STUDENT ATTENDANCE ... 1620
Claxton, Julia1; Sharifi, Sudi2 ... 1620 CHALLENGES TO KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER WITHIN A BUSINESS INCUBATOR: THE ROLE OF NETWORKS... 1625
Corbo, Leonardo ... 1625
FOOD EVENTS AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: COOPETITION STRATEGIES TO INNOVATE SLOW FOOD’S TERRA MADRE SALONE DEL GUSTO FORMULA ... 1629
Cortese, Damiano; Giachino, Chiara; Bresciani, Stefano; Cantino, Valter ... 1629
RECONFIGURING STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS AND SOCIAL INNOVATION: THE RISE OF COLLABORATIVE ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN HEINEKEN AND LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ... 1632
Cortese, Damiano1; Chiara, Civera1; Murdock, Alex2 ... 1632 THE POWER OF PEOPLE: WHEN PEOPLE AND CULTURE ARE THE KEY TO ORGANISATIONS SUCCESS ... 1637
da Costa, Liliana Rodrigues; Loureiro, Sandra Maria Correia ... 1637
INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MORE EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP COMMUNICATION ... 1641
De Lange, Lucrezea ... 1641
THE BUSINESS MODEL FROM A SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES PERSPECTIVE – A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1643
Di Tullio, Patrizia; Tarquinio, Lara ... 1643
THE VALUE OF CREATING A HEALTHY FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE LIFE ... 1647
Dinu, Marinel Cornelius... 1647
THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ACQUIRED THROUGH EMPLOYEES’ HEALTHCARE: ACTIONABLE HEALTH CARE STRATEGIES CREATING COMPETITIVE EDGE ... 1649
Dinu, Daniel Gabriel; Dinu, Marinel Cornelius ... 1649
COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: NEUROTECHNOLOGIES FOR HUMAN COGNITIVE AUGMENTATION ... 1651
Dinu, Daniel-Gabriel1; Stoian-Karadeli, Andreea2... 1651
RE-EXAMINING THE LEARNING PROCESS IN SMALL FIRMS: MULTI-CASE ANALYSIS ON THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ... 1654
Ekanem, Ignatius; Jin, Zhongqi... 1654
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS AND RISKS FOR INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES: COMPARISON BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ... 1656
Evrosimovska, Tanja1; Graham, Wayne2; Neuert, Josef1 ... 1656
EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ON EVALUATING TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 1660 Eytam, Eleanor ... 1660
ACQUISITIONS IN THE FOOD FAMILY BUSINESS CONTEXT: EFFECTS ON PRODUCTS AND PROCESS INNOVATION ... 1663
Ferraris, Alberto1; Giacosa, Elisa2; Alberto Mazzoleni3 ... 1663
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT IN SPANISH SMES ... 1667
Ferreira de Araújo Lima, Priscila1; Marcelino-Sadaba, Sara2; Echeverria-Lazcano, Angel Maria2; Verbano, Chiara1 ... 1667
BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION: THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DRIVERS ... 1671
Fiorini, Niccolò; Devigili, Matteo; Pucci, Tommaso; Zanni, Lorenzo; ... 1671
LINKING HRM IMPLEMENTATION, PERCEPTION AND EMPLOYEE OUTCOMES VIA PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT FULFILMENT ... 1674
Fu, Na1; Conway Edel2 ... 1674
HEALTH PREVENTION UNDER LENS: PRINCIPLES, BEHAVIORS, NEW APPROACHES OF RISKS AND STRATEGIC POLICIES ... 1677
Gabara Pascu, Iuliana-Elena1 ; Mihoreanu, Larisa2 ... 1677
CONTEXTUAL EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PROCESS OUTCOMES: A SOCIAL EXCHANGE PERSPECTIVE ... 1683
Ghani, Bilqees1; Malik, Muhammad A. R.2 ... 1683
EXPLORING TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS DILEMMAS & RELATIONSHIP MARKETING PRACTICES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY OF GREECE ... 1685
Giannakopoulos, Konstantinos1; Kapoulas, Alexandros2 ... 1685
ASSESSING THE RESPONSIVENESS OF OUT OF POCKET HEALTHCARE SPENDING TO MACROECONOMY AND DIFFERENT HEALTH FINANCING SCHEMES: EVIDENCE FROM 49 EUROPEAN AND OECD COUNTRIES. ... 1687
Grigorakis, Nikolaos1,2; Galyfianakis, Georgios1; Tsoukatos, Evangelos1 ... 1687
INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE: NEED FOR THEORY? ... 1692
Gunta, Srinivas ... 1692
FUNDING INNOVATIVE SMES OPERATING IN TRADITIONAL SECTORS ... 1695
Harel, Ronen1; Kaufmann, Dan2 ... 1695
THE EFFECTS OF THE BOARD COMPOSITION ON TAX PLANNING STRATEGIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON ITALIAN LISTED FIRMS ... 1700
Iazzi Antonio; Vacca Andrea; Maizza Amedeo ... 1700
LITERARY ENGLAND: A TOURISM DESTINATION FOR THE US TRAVELLER ... 1705
Ingram, Claire; Themistocleous, Christos; Rickly, Jillian; McCabe, Scott ... 1705
A REVIEW OF THE ANTECEDENTS AND PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING/MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ... 1707
Ioannidis, Alexis12; Feng, Zhiteng1; Chalvatzis J. Konstantinos12; Leonidou C. Leonidas3 ... 1707
OBTAINING INNOVATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY-BASED ALLIANCES: A DEVELOPING COUNTRIES’ PERSPECTIVE ... 1712
DOES THE PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IMPACTS EXPORTING FIRMS’ PERFORMANCE? ... 1713
Karipidis, Phillipos1; Chrysochou, Polymeros2; Tabakis, Nikolaos1 ... 1713 EXAMINING CONSUMERS’ CONTINUOUS USAGE INTENTION OF CONTACTLESS MOBILE PAYMENT SYSTEMS ... 1715
Karjaluoto, Heikki; Shaikh, Aijaz A.; Leppäniemi, Matti; Luomala, Roope ... 1715 DEVOPS COMPETENCES FOR SMART CITIES (SMART-DEVOPS) ... 1718
Kaufmann, Hans Rüdiger1; Bengoa, Dolores Sanchez1; Sandbrink, Christoph1; Kokkinaki, Angeliki2; Kameas, Achilles3;
Fitsilis, Panos4; Altheo ,Valentini5 ... 1718 TITLE: WHAT WORKS FOR WHOM AND WHY FOR TEACHER FELLOW RECOGNITION? ... 1720
Kershaw-Solomon, Hazel; Claxton, Julia; Beech, Nicolas ... 1720
WHEN EMPLOYEE OWNERSHIP IS EFFECTIVE? ... 1722
Kim, Kyoung Yong1; Patel, Pankaj2 ... 1722 IMPACT INVESTMENT EFFECTS ON PROFITABILITY OF COMPANIES IN BRICS COUNTRIES ... 1724
Kobzeva, Anastasia; Belyaeva, Zhanna ... 1724
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN MEDIUM SIZE ORGANIZATIONS IN TIMES OF CHALLENGING ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ... 1728
Komodromos, Marcos ... 1728
THE IMPORTANCE OF USING NEW MEDIA AWARENESS STRATEGIES IN THE FIELD OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE: THE CASE OF CYPRUS ... 1731
Komodromos, Marcos; Papacharalambous, Charalambos ... 1731
INTERNATIONALIZATION, BRAND INNOVATION AND BRAND EQUITY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1735
Kyanides, Yannis; Hajidimitriou, Yannis ... 1735
COLLECTIVE AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE BASIS FOR MORE INNOVATION AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ? ... 1738
Lachapelle, Nathalie; Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle; Laurent Sauvage ... 1738
ACCOUNTING HISTORY COURSES IN ITALIAN UNIVERSITIES ... 1741
MARKETING PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AS A STRATEGY TOOL: EXPLORING ITS IMPACT ON FIRMS’ ARCHITECTURAL MARKETING CAPABILITY ... 1744
Liang, Xiaoning ... 1744
ON MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN GREECE - BEFORE AND AFTER THE ONSLAUGHT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS ... 1746
Lois, Petros1; Pazarskis, Michail2; Drogalas, George3; Karagiorgos, Alkiviadis4 ... 1746 INTERNAL AUDIT AND COURT OF AUDITORS’ ROLE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ... 1749
Lois, Petros1; Drogalas, George2; Karagiorgos, Alkiviadis1; Pazarskis, Michail3 ... 1749 GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY AND DIGITALIZATION LINKAGE ... 1751
Lopatkova, Yana; Belyaeva, Zhanna; Sohag, Kazi ... 1751
GAMIFICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION:TEXT MINING APPROACH ... 1755
Loureiro, Sandra Maria Correia; Angelino, Fernando; Bilro, Ricardo Godinho ... 1755
THE ROLE OF ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING FOR FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CASE STUDY ... 1758
Lucianelli, Giovanna; Fazzari, Amalia Lucia; Cavalieri, Matteo ... 1758
SHARED LEADERSHIP: PROPOSITIONS AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ... 1762
Lyndon, S; Pandey, A ... 1762
COMPETING FOR PUBLIC SERVICE CONTRACTS: SOCIAL ENTERPRISES’ STRATEGIES ... 1764
Maher, Chi ... 1764
HOW MENTORSHIP AND DIGITIZATION CAN ASSIST THE REVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES ACTIVITIES ... 1769
Majid, Hamid Hazim ... 1769
THE IMPACT OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ON THE UTILISATION OF THE GREEN ENERGY RESOURCES ... 1771
Majid, Layth Hazim ... 1771
THE WELL BEING SEE-SAW: THE PSYCHOSOCIAL TOLL OF SOCIAL MEDIA ... 1773
Makrides, Anna; Vrontis, Demetris; Christofi, Michael ... 1773
RADICAL AND INCREMENTAL CREATIVITY - THE ROLE OF ENJOYMENT, INNOVATIVE CLIMATE AND REWARDS IMPORTANCE ... 1775
THE APPLICATION OF THE PACK-SYSTEM MODEL IN THE FRAMEWORK OF CITY LOGISTICS AND MOBILITY ... 1777
Malindretos, George1; Manikas, Ioannis2; Dimoulakis, Andreas1 ... 1777 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE IN THE ONLINE CONTEXT: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1780
Matarazzo, Michela1; Resciniti, Riccardo2; De Vanna, Federica2 ... 1780 PRIVACY VERSUS SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS. A POLICY DILEMMA FOR TOURIST DESTINATIONS ... 1781
Messaritaki Barbara1; Apostolakis Alexandros2; Stergiou Dimitrios1 ... 1781 EQUITY CROWDFUNDING AND SOCIAL IMPACT INVESTING IN REAL ESTATE ... 1783
Miglietta, Nicola; Battisti, Enrico; Creta, Fabio ... 1783
HOW BRANDING CAPABILITIES HELP MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT? –DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES APPROACH ... 1785
Mitręga, Maciej ... 1785
A CONTROVERSIAL POINT OF VIEW ON THE AMERICAN STRATEGY ON THE WAR IN IRAQ ... 1788
Mohamed, Raghad Raeed ... 1788
PLANNING A NEW COLLEGE IN EAST JERUSALEM ... 1789
Moore, Dahlia ... 1789
UNRAVELING RELATIONS OF INFORMAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION... 1793
Mueller, Toni ... 1793
ENHANCING BRAND ENGAGEMENT THROUGH EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING ... 1795
Mulder, Dalmé; de Jager, Jana ... 1795
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE IN THE WORKPLACE ... 1796
Mulder, Dalmé ... 1796
ADOPTING BUSINESS MODELS AND STRATEGIES IN MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS: ARE ISRAELI HOSPITALS BECOMING BUSINESS ENTERPRISES? ... 1798
Naamati Schneider, Lior; Zaks, Ofer ... 1798
THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON JOB ENGAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF THE EMPLOYEES ... 1801
THE ROLE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT IN AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT AND TURNOVER INTENTIONS OF THE EMPLOYEES ... 1805
Özek, Hande; Del Conte, Paolo ... 1805
UNDERSTANDING THE RELATION BETWEEN TASK INTERDEPENDENCE AND
COMMUNICATION STYLES ... 1809
Pandey, Aparna; Karve, Shailaja ... 1809
BRAND POST CHARACTERISTICS AND POPULARITY: A STUDY OF FACEBOOK BRAND PAGES OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE COMPANIES ... 1815
Petrakis, Manolis; Melanthiou, Yioula; Papasolomou, Ioanna; Dekoulou, Evi ... 1815
THE IMPACT OF RISK ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1816
Pham, Hai; Verbano, Chiara ... 1816
CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT: GROWING RELEVANCE IN MARKETING RESEARCH ... 1820
Pinto, Filipa Rosado; Loureiro, Sandra Maria Correia ... 1820
CULTURAL TOURISM AND ITS ASPECTS IN TOURISM INDUSTRY OF ALBANIA ... 1823
Pjero, Elenica1; Gjermëni, Orgeta2 ... 1823 IN ART SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: A TOOL FOR DESTINATION MARKETING ... 1824
Pucciarelli, Francesca1; Giachino, Chiara2 ... 1824 ETHICS, LEADERSHIP AND CULTURE AS A BASIS FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FAMILY COMPANIES, THE CASE OF PERU ... 1827
Ramirez Lozano, J.P.1; Sanagustín-Fons, V.1; Peñaflor Guerra, R.2 ... 1827 VALUES AND LEADERSHIP: RHETORIC AND REALITY, A COACHING PERSPECTIVE. ... 1829
Rodgers, Helen1; White, Annemarie2 ... 1829 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND VISUAL AESTHETIC ASPECT IN THE DELIGHT OF NEW LUXURY BRANDS ... 1834
Rodrigues, Paula1; Borges, Ana Pinto2 and Guerreiro, Miguel3 ... 1834 THE EFFECT OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONS TOWARD A CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CSR .... 1840
Rodrigues, Paula1; Borges, Ana Pinto2 ... 1840 DIFFERENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS BUSINESS FAILURE BETWEEN CULTURES ... 1845
IDENTITY PROJECTS IN SCREEN CULTURE ... 1846
Rolo, Ema; Nobre, Helena ... 1846
AUTHENTICITY IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING FIELD: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1848
Rosado-Pinto, Filipa; Correia Loureiro, Sandra Maria ... 1848
IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY SEALS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS ... 1853
Rössig, Sarah-Alena; Enke, Susanne ... 1853
CROWDFUDING FOR CULTURE: A NEW FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT? ... 1855
Rovera, Cristina; Giachino, Chiara; Battisti, Enrico ... 1855
DEVELOPING ORGANIZATIONS: AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP THROUGH ACTION LEARNING ... 1859
Rowland, Caroline; Pyke, Chris ... 1859
COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPITON AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE SHARING ECONOMY IN POLAND ... 1862
Rudawska, Iga; Kowalik, Joanna ... 1862
THE RELEVANCE OF CSR ON CROSS BORDER ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1865
Salvi, Antonio1; Miglietta, Nicola2; Nirino, Niccolò2 ... 1865 THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN EMERGING MARKETS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1868
Salvi, Antonio1; Battisti, Enrico2; Nirino, Niccolò2 ... 1868 SELF-EFFICACY AND SUCCESS OF DISADVANTAGED ENTREPRENEURS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF RESILIENCE ... 1870
Santoro, Gabriele; Goria, Mirko; Bresciani, Stefano... 1870
INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE TRADITIONAL RURAL BUILDINGS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ITALY ... 1872
Sardaro Ruggiero; Roselli Luigi ... 1872
THE EFFECT OF THE OPEN SKIES AGREEMENT BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE EU ON ISRAEL’S TOURIST INDUSTRY ... 1873
BREXIT AND THE UNITED KINGDOM TOURISM SECTOR ... 1876
Scott, Peter ... 1876
A CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE ON MOBILE FINANCIAL SERVICES: STATE-OF-THE-ART, FRAMEWORK AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS ... 1880
Shaikh, Aijaz A.; Karjaluoto, Heikki ... 1880
NON-FINANCIAL EMPLOYMENT COMMITMENT AMONG MUSLIMS AND JEWS IN ISRAEL ... 1884
Sharabi, Moshe1; Shdema, Ilan2; Simonovich, Javier2; Shahor, Tal3 ... 1884 LEADER HUMILITY AND EMPLOYEE VOICE: A MODERATED MEDIATION MODEL ... 1887
Siachou, Evangelia1; Gkorezis, Panagiotis2 ... 1887 IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT THROUGH BUSINESS RESILIENCE: A PROJECT ORIENTED COMPANY ... 1890
Solomon, Ionela Gabriela ... 1890
ASSESSING THE DIET IMPACT ON LIFE EXPECTANCY IN EUROPEAN UNION ... 1894
Spada, Alessia; Rana, Roberto Leonardo; Cafarelli, Barbara; Fiore,Mariantonietta ... 1894
DESIGNING THE SMART HOSPITALS - THROUGH INTELLIGENTLY INTEGRATED TOOLS OF QUALITY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS ... 1897
Stefănescu, Alexandru Mihai ... 1897
IMPACT OF KEY OPINION LEADER AND PEER CONSUMER RECOMMENDATIONS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS OF GENERATION Z INSTAGRAM USERS ... 1900
Sultanova, Finan1; Tzavara, Dionisia2; Argyropoulou, Maria2 ... 1900 VALUE CO-CREATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING AND BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS DOMAINS ... 1901
Tabas, Abdollah Mohammadparast1; Arslan, Ahmad1; Tarba, Shlomo Y.2 ... 1901 THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE ON ELDERLY INVESTMENT DECISIONS ... 1904
Teerakapibal, Surat ... 1904
PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT FOR SMES: LESSON LEARNT FROM A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ... 1906
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ACTORS IN DEVELOPING “GREEN BUSINESSES”: THE CLEANTECH CLUSTER CASE ... 1910
Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle ... 1910
INNOVATIVE ANTHROPOMORPHIC TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EFFECT ON CUSTOMER SERVICE QUALITY ... 1912
Trichina, Eleni1; Vrontis, Demetris1; Christofi, Michael2... 1912 A CONTINUOUS-REVIEW INVENTORY MODEL FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS WITH PARTIAL BACKORDERS ... 1914
Tütüncü, G. Yazgı1,2 ; Duymaz, Elif1 ... 1914 THE ROLE OF PERSONALIZATION AND HEDONIC MOTIVATION IN DRIVING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE... 1917
Tyrväinen, Olli1; Karjaluoto, Heikki1; Saarijärvi, Hannu2 ... 1917 WEALTH OF NATIONS AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITALS: ADAM SMITH ... 1920
Uysal, Gürhan ... 1920
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE PROCESS OF INNOVATION CREATION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN SMES: A CASE OF LITHUANIA ... 1924
Vaiginiene, Erika; Pauliene, Rasa... 1924
INVERTED HOCKEY STICK EFFECT IN THE EUROPEAN INDUSTRY: INVENTORY REDUCTION IN THE LAST FISCAL QUARTER ... 1926
Vieira, Nuno Guedes; Delgado, Catarina; Moreira, Jose Antonio ... 1926
STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS: HOW DESIGN THINKING CAN COMPLEMENT PLANNING ... 1929
Vuillermin, Frederic; Huck-Sandhu, Simone ... 1929
THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN GREEK LISTED FIRMS: THE MAJOR ISSUES1933
Yiannoulis, Yiannis K. ... 1933
TOWARDS HUMAN-CENTERED SOCIETY: THE ROLE OF EMOTIONS IN THE COMPANY .... 1934
Zabarino, Antonella Moira1; Benedetto, Claudio2; Baima, Gabriele3; Santoro, Gabriele4 ... 1934 EMOTIONAL LABOR, EMPLOYEE AND TEAM OUTCOMES: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS IN SALES TEAMS... 1938
COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS, ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES AND
SMES PERFORMANCE
Anagnostopoulou, Evgenia; Eleftheriadis, Iordanis
Dept. of Business Administration, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to present the conceptual framework for examining the complementary assets of SMEs that allow them to successfully implement environmental strategies. These assets include innovativeness, environmental collaboration and entrepreneurial attitude. We propose that SMEs, which are innovative and collaborate with their suppliers and customers on the development of environmental-friendly products, are more prone towards adopting environmental strategies than their counterparts. Moreover, the perceptions of the owners of SMEs regarding the adoption of environmental strategies affect their decisions on implementing these strategies. Finally, the impact of environmental strategies on the internationalization, competitiveness and corporate performance of SMEs are discussed. SMEs that adopt environmental strategies are expected to have increased corporate performance, higher competitiveness than their counterparts, and enhance international activity. The first part of this study is dedicated in presenting the above conceptual framework. The second part presents the environmental strategies adopted by SMEs and focuses on the research tools and methods needed to validate our research hypotheses.
Keywords: Environmental Strategy, SMEs, Innovativeness, Environmental Collaboration, Entrepreneurial Attitude, Corporate Performance, Competitiveness, Internationalisation.
INTRODUCTION
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which form the backbone of the EU´s economy were severely affected by the 2008 financial crisis. Regarding Greek SMEs, their number declined by 7,1% from 2009 to 2014, while the number of employees in these enterprises decreased by 10,6%. In 2016, almost all member states recorded growth in SME employment and increase in value added (Annual Report on European SMEs, 2017). However, according to the same report, Greece, along with Croatia, Cyprus, Italy, Portugal and Spain have not yet recovered from the financial crisis, with regard to the number of SME enterprises, SME employment and value added. Based on the above, it is important to examine the characteristics of those SMEs that have endured the crisis as well as those strategies that can enhance the performance of SMEs.
Moreover, during the last two decades, SMEs have been under increasing pressure to improve their environmental performance, which has prompted many of them to adopt environmental strategies (Revell et al., 2010). In this context, the benefits of developing environmental strategies have often been the subject of scientific research, according to which green initiatives can improve not only the environmental performance of enterprises (Lenox and King, 2004, Florida and Davison, 2001) but also their corporate performance through the creation of sustainable competitive advantages (Al-Najjar and Anfimiadou, 2011; Lucas, 2010). While existing literature includes several studies on the relationship between SMEs environmental strategies and corporate performance, these studies are concerned with individual case studies (Sroufe et al., 2002). In addition, no potential factors that affect a company's ability to develop successful SMEs environmental strategies have been identified. From a dynamic perspective, some complementary assets may be required to successfully implement environmental strategies (Kerr, 2006), such as the ability to innovate and to collaborate.
The aim of this study is to record the environmental strategies employed by SMEs and to present the conceptual framework, the research tools and the methods for examining the complementary assets of SMEs that allow the successful implementation of these strategies. These assets include innovativeness, environmental collaboration and entrepreneurial attitude. Finally, the impact of environmental strategies on the internationalization, competitiveness and corporate performance of SMEs will be discussed. In the next section, we present our conceptual framework. Afterwards, we analyse the methods and the research tools necessary for analysing and validating our research hypotheses.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
As we have discussed above, the aim of the research is to present the factors that affect the adoption of environmental strategies in SMEs. We propose that an environmental oriented entrepreneurial attitude, corporate innovativeness and environmental collaboration positively affect the adoption environmental strategies. Finally, we propose that the adoption of environmental strategies positively affects corporate performance, competitiveness and corporate internationalisation. A graphic representation of the proposed research framework is presented in Figure 1. The rest of this section is dedicated into discussing the relationship between the variables of the research framework.
Entrepreneurial Attitude and Environmental Strategy
While empirical evidence shows that larger companies are increasingly integrating environmental strategies into their core business strategies, previous surveys have shown that SMEs are lagging behind in this area. Many SMEs owners are not sufficiently aware of the environmental impact of their business, they do not have the tools and resources to deal with environmental problems, and they believe that taking environmental action or adopting environmental practices has a great cost and little benefit to their business (Hillary, 2004; Revell et al., 2010). However, over the past decade, the media exposure of environmental problems, the social pressure for environmental protection and the focus of policy makers on tackling environmental problems have prompted many SME owners to think more closely about the environmental impact of their businesses. The aim of study is to examine whether the perceptions of the owners or senior executives of SMEs affect the extent to which they promote the adoption of environmental strategies. Based on the above, the following research case is formulated: H1: An environment-oriented entrepreneurial attitude is positively related to the adoption of environmental strategies in SMEs.
Innovativeness and Environmental Strategy
Innovation is a crucial factor in achieving and maintaining a competitive advantage. Global research has focused on identifying the determinants of innovation (Lederman, 2010). The present study examines the impact of innovativeness on the successful implementation of environmental strategies. The ability to innovate requires companies to adopt modern business processes and to keep track of technological developments in their external environment. Innovative businesses spend more resources on research and development activities and are usually the first to import new technologies from abroad (Lederman, 2010). Moreover, an innovative business culture fosters internal communication and supports "innovative" executives (Berchicci and Bodewes, 2005).
Finally, companies with innovative capabilities perceive environmental strategies as another source of innovation (Crowe and Brennan, 2007; Berchicci and Bodewes, 2005), providing a strong incentive to
implement such strategies. Also, the ability of an enterprise to develop innovative business processes is positively related to the implementation of environmental business strategies, especially those focusing on the design and development of environmentally friendly products and the elimination of hazardous materials used as inputs into the production process (Dangelico and Pontrandolfo, 2015). The following hypothesis is thus formed:
H2: Innovativeness is positively related to the adoption of environmental strategies in SMEs.
Collaboration and Environmental Strategy
Although the majority of collaborative efforts are usually aimed at enhancing industrial performance, inter-company relationships have also proved effective in adopting environmental strategies (Florida, 1996). Businesses often describe these strategies as a consequence of wider collaborative efforts. Collaboration can offer companies new opportunities and facilitate the diffusion of know-how to solve problems between the parties involved. Research also suggests that relationships with suppliers influence the adoption of innovative environmental technologies (Geffen and Rothenberg, 2000). For example, many companies have adopted environmental practices, such as re-designing their products and their production processes, with the help of their supply chain partners (Lee and Kim, 2011). These joint efforts accelerate solutions, reduce costs, drive productivity growth, improve environmental performance, and enhance economic perforamance (Christmann and Taylor, 2002).
Also, resolving environmental issues in collaboration with customers or suppliers can be faster, cheaper and more effective if businesses can successfully use communication channels and gain knowledge and experience that translate into green business strategies (Lee and Kim, 2011; Sharfman et al., 2009). Therefore:
H3. Environmental Collaboration is positively related to the adoption of environmental strategies in SMEs.
Environmental Strategy and Corporate Performance
According to Dangelico and Pontrandolfo (2015), the successful implementation of environmental business practices, especially those focusing on energy efficiency and pollution reduction, has a positive impact on corporate performance. Additionally, Al-Najjar and Anfimiadou (2012) also confirm that eco-efficient firms exhibit a higher market value than those lacking environmental strategies. Furthermore, Nakao et al. (2007) have shown that a firm’s environmental performance has a positive significant impact on its financial performance and vice versa, and estimate that increasing environmental management scores could lead to an increase in a firm’s intangible assets in the long-run.
Nevertheless, the relationship between business development and the implementation of environmental strategies is not always clear, especially for SMEs (Simpson et al., 2004). Although there are many business examples that have succeeded in successfully implementing such strategies, these cases are individual and in different industries (Sawhney and Jose, 2003). The aim of the proposed research is to examine the relationship between the adoption of environmental strategies in SMEs and the development of these enterprises. Considering the above we can assume the following:
H4: The adoption of environmental strategies is positively related to corporate performance.
Environmental Strategy and Competitiveness
Firms have devoted significant resources to the development and implementation of environmental strategies in an effort to control the negative impacts of their business activities on the natural environment. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of these actions on corporate performance, i.e. whether they put additional cost burdens that cannot be offset by the firm’s economic performance or whether they improve the firm’s overall corporate performance, for example, through the adoption of energy efficient technologies that reduce the total cost of production or the development of differentiated and environmentally friendly products for which customers are willing to pay a higher price (Porter and van der Linde, 1995; Ruf et al., 2001). Regarding SMEs, Leonidou et al. (2017) have found a positive and significant relationship between green business strategies and competitive advantage regarding cost savings, product/service differentiation, etc. while Jorge et al. (2015) have also found that environmental performance has a positive, direct and significant influence on competitive performance. Based on the above we formulate the following hypothesis:
H5: The adoption of environmental strategies is positively related to corporate competitiveness.
Environmental Strategy and Internationalisation
According to the Hellenic Federation of Enterprises, internationalisation is the main driver of SME success. Greek small enterprises are mainly importers of goods and services. However, during the last years increased export activity has been reported in medium-sized enterprises. Specifically, in the period 2010-2014, the increase in exports was 40% (from € 4bn to € 5.6bn) while the deficit in the trade balance of SMEs decreased from €15.7 billion to € 10.6 billion (SEV, 2017). The relationship between environmental performance and internationalisation has been examined in the context of international trade and the diffusion of environmental standards from developed countries to countries whose economies are in transition. The term "California Effect," developed by Vogel (1995), is often used to describe the phenomenon in which businesses in developing countries may tighten the standards of their products as a result of adopting the standards of their trading partners in developed countries. Additionally, by adapting their own production standards to standards of the country to which they
export their products, firms are able to maintain and expand their market share. Consequently, the adoption of environmental strategies has a direct impact on the internationalisation of businesses by giving them access to markets of developed countries whose consumers are often sensitive to environmental issues. Based on the above we expect that:
H6: The adoption of environmental strategies is positively related to corporate internationalisation.
RESEARCH TOOLS AND METHODS
Measuring the Variables
The aim of this study is to discuss the impact of environmental strategies on the competitiveness, internationalization and corporate performance of Greek SMEs. A competitive advantage is defined as the company's ability to maintain its returns at a better level than its competitors and particularly whether the company’s customers are willing to pay higher prices for its products / services than that of competitors’. Besides, we propose that customer satisfaction and product quality compared to that of the company’s competitors should also be examined as measures of competitiveness (Madueno et al., 2016). Moreover, since SMEs were critically affected by the 2008 crisis, the ability of the company to maintain a market presence in times of crisis should also be taken into account (Duffett et al., 2018). Regarding corporate performance, in addition to key performance indicators such as sales growth, profits and market share, we also take into consideration factors such as increased customer satisfaction and product quality (Jorge et al., 2015; Ko and Liu, 2017; Bagur-Femenias et al., 2013; Cantele and Zardini, 2018). Finally, with regard to internationalization, we propose that internationalization is measured based on the number of countries to which the products are exported, the proportion of international sales to total sales, the development of the company’s network of partners as well as the company's relations with its partners abroad (Ruzzier et al., 2007; Dasi et al., 2015; Chetty et al., 2014). For a detailed presentation of the measurement of the above variables as please refer to Table 1.
Variable Measures Research References
Corporate Performance
Sales have increased over the last two years.
López-Pérez et al. (2017); Jorge et al. (2015); Ko and Liu (2017); Bagur-Femenias et al. (2013); Cantele and Zardini (2018) Profits have increased over the last two years.
Market share has increased over the last two years.
Customer satisfaction has increased over the last two years. Quality of our products/services has increased over the last two years.
Company’s image has improved over the last two years. Competitiveness
Customer satisfaction is higher than that of competitors. Bagur - Femenias et al. (2013); Duffett et al.
(2018); Madueno et al. (2016); Dangelico and Pontradolfo (2015); Brammer et al. (2012); Jorge et al. (2015)
Customers are willing to pay a price premium for our products. The quality of our products is better than that of our competitors.
Company’s ability to maintain a market presence in times of crisis is higher than that of competitors.
Company is considered a leader in the market. Internationalisation
The number of countries to which you export your products/services has increased over the last two years.
Ruzzier et al. (2007); Dasi et al. (2015); Chetty et al. (2014); Bausch and Krist (2007);Torkkeli et al. (2012)
The proportion of international sales to total sales has increased over the last two years.
The company’s networks and relationship with its partners abroad have increased over the last two years.
The company’s international activities have been successful over the last two years.
TABLE 1. Description of Variable Measures for Corporate Performance, Compettitveness and Internationalisation
FIGURE 2. Corporate Environmental Strategies
Environmental strategy can be described as the systematic business approach to reducing or eliminating the damage created by a company’s activities in the natural environment in which it operates. The adoption of environmental strategies is also affected by market and competitor pressure (Kolk and Pinkse, 2008; Christmann and Taylor, 2006) and concerns: (i) the effects of energy prices on the production costs that provides incentives for firms to promote energy efficiency or reduce waste, and (ii) the diversification of products and services with higher social and environmental characteristics and (iii) the environmental and social requirements in the supply chain, associated with specific standards of operation and corporate behavior.
Variable Measures Research References Corporate Practices
Our firm conducts environmental audits at regular intervals. Brammer et al. (2012); Jorge
et al. (2015); Madueno et al. (2016); Hofmann et al. (2012); Revell et al. (2010) Our firm has a written environmental policy.
Our firm sets specific environmental goals every year. Our firm has an environmental management system at place. Marketing Practices
Our firm is involved in environmental community activities. Brammer et al. (2012);
Madueno et al. (2016); Duffett et al. (2018)
Our firm advertises its environmental efforts. Our firm publishes annual environmental reports. Office Practices
Our firm has an in-home paper and/or plastic recycling program.
Revell et al. (2010); Brammer et al. (2012); Bos-Brouwers (2010)
Our firm conducts special training programs on environmental issues for employees.
Our firm has a car-pooling scheme for employees.
Our firm uses cleaning products that have reduced harmful effects for the environment.
Our firm encourages energy efficiency in the offices (turn down unnecessary heating/cooling; use energy efficiency lights; monitor energy and water use). Manufacturing Practices
The amount of waste that our firm produces has been decreasing over the last two
years. Revell et al. (2010); Brammer
et al. (2012); Cantele and Zardini (2018); Testa et al. (2016); Jorge et al. (2015); Bagur-Femenias et al. (2013); Dangelico and Pontrodolfo (2015); Bos-Brouwers (2010); Madueno et al. (2016) The amount of waste recycled has increased over the last two years.
Our firm has increased the energy efficiency of the production process over the last two years.
The consumption of water has decreased over the last two years. Our firm has reduced harmful emissions over the last two years.
Our firm has reduced the carbon intensity of the production process over the last two years.
TABLE 2. Description of Variable Measures for Corporate Environmental Strategies
In response to above, companies have implemented various environmental strategies. In the framework of the proposed research study we will divide these strategies into four categories: Corporate
Practices, Marketing Practices, Employee Practices, and Manufacturing Practices. The environmental
strategies that are implemented at the highest corporate level are included into the Corporate Practices category. Marketing practices include the environmental strategies that are closely related corporate social and environmental responsibility. Office practices include strategies that are concerned with the training of employees and implementation of environmental initiatives that are related to the daily office operational activities, not to the production or manufacturing processes employed by the company. On the contrary, Manufacturing Practices includes all strategies related to the production process; such are waste and emissions reduction or energy efficiency. For a graphic presentation of these strategies please refer to Figure 1. For a detailed presentation of the measurement of the above variables as please refer to Table 2.
As mentioned above, this study will also examine the complementary assets of enterprises that determine the implementation and success of these environmental strategies. That includes
innovativeness, entrepreneur attitude and environmental collaboration. In the context of this study, innovation will involve the development of environmentally friendly products, e.g. products that can be converted, reused or recycled, as well as the development of production processes that reduce the environmental footprint of a company (Brammer et al., 2012; Revell et al., 2010; Cantele and Zardini, 2018, Testa et al., 2016). Entrepreneur attitude involves the perceptions and beliefs of the company's owners or senior management. In the context of this research we will examine the perceptions of SMEs owners regarding environmental protection and whether the adoption of environmental strategies can have positive effects on their company, e.g. whether reduction in the environmental impact of a company can lead to a significant reduction in its operating costs (Testa et al., 2016; Revell et al., 2010; Brammer et al., 2012; Cassells and Lewis, 2011; Leonidou et al., 2017). Finally, as environmental collaboration, we examine the ability of the company to collaborate with customers and suppliers for developing environmentally friendly products, setting environmental standards and providing information (Testa et al., 2016; Cantele and Zardini, 2018). For a detailed presentation of the measurement of the above variables as please refer to Table 3.
Variable Measures Research References
Entrepreneur Attitude
Environmental issues should be a priority in business management.
Testa et al. (2016); Revell et al. (2010); Brammer et al. (2012);
Cassells and Lewis
(2011); Leonidou et al. (2017)
My business is too small to have an environmental impact.
I believe in business as usual leaving the government to tackle environmental issues. Reducing the firm’s impact on the environment can also lead to a significant reduction in costs.
Our firm can enter new markets by adopting environmental strategies.
Our firm can increase market share by making our current products more environmentally friendly.
Reducing the environmental impacts at our firm’s activities will lead to a quality improvement in our products and processes.
Being environmentally friendly can increase profits. Environmental Collaboration
We collaborate with customers for the development of cleaner processes/recyclable
products/use of environmental friendly materials Testa et al. (2016);
Revell et al. (2010); Torkkeli et al. (2012); Cantele and Zardini (2018); Hofmann et al. (2012)
We collaborate with suppliers for the development of cleaner
products/processes/recyclable products/use of environmental friendly materials We set environmental standards for our suppliers
We provide customers with the information needed to make sound purchasing decisions
Innovativeness
Our firm invests in R&D for environmental friendly products.
Brammer et al. (2012); Revell et al. (2010); Madueno et al. (2016) Our firm designs products that can be re-used, repaired or recycled.
Our firm designs/uses packaging that can be re-used or recycled. Our firm utilizes renewable energy wherever possible.
