Living in the EU : education and health

Government expenditure in education

(Percentage of GDP, 2017) More than 5.7% 5.0% - 5.7% 4.7% - 4.9% 4.0% - 4.6% Less than 4.0% EU average: 4.6% of GDP

General government includes central government, state government, local government and social security funds.

6.8% 2.8% 5.8% 5.0% 4.7% 4.0%

Pupils and students enrolled by education level

(2016)

Pre-primary Primary Secondary

Pupils and students enrolled in the EU (all ISCED level, 2016, in 1 000)

15.9% 25% 50% 75% 0% 100% 27.1% 18.2% EE SE SI LT BG DE ES DK FI CZ HU AT CY FR HR UK SK EU28 LU RO IT PL PT NL MT EL IE BE LV 38.8% Terary 290 2 737 435 641 1 249 16 839 10 161 1 612 1 480 2 125 1 892 1 769 181 15 401 808 13 709 1 012 107 611 109 3 643 10 839 7 939 2 014 4 151 80 2 301 1 299 2 569 326

Youth employment - Tertiary education level

(Percentage of population 20-29 years, 2016)

NEET

(Percentage of population 15-24 years, 2017)

40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% LT MT UK EE LV HU FI DE NL PL IE RO DK LU BG SE AT FR CZ CY SI SK BE EL HR ES PT IT Females Males % of total population 20 - 29 years

76.2% 72.9% EU average Not employed but in ET: 54% Employed and not in ET: 20% Employed and in ET: 15% NEET: 11% % of total population 15 - 24 years 3% 10.7% 11.2% IT RO BG CY EL HR HU SK ES EU 28 FR PL EE IE UK LV PT LT MT FI BE CZ DK DE SI SE AT LU NL 5% 11% 15% 21% 7% 9% 17% 19% 13% Females Males % of total population 15 - 24 years

NEET: Young people Not (N)

in Employment (E), Education (E) or Training (T) The European Union complements national health and education policies, in particular those with a cross-border dimension. The main responsibility for health and education, however, lies with the governments of its Member States. This combination explains the spread in government expenditure on national welfare policies among the Member States, and in particular in individual direct payments for health. In terms of the gender gap in the area, women with tertiary education still suffer employment gaps. Moreover, national differences in the number of hospital beds available and people suffering from obesity, mainly concentrated among elderly people, also stand out.

Living in the EU: Education and Health

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service EUI | European University Institute

Authors: Giulio Sabbati, Members’ Research Service, EPRS

Caterina Francesca Guidi, GlobalStat, EUI PE 635.568 - May 2019

AT A GLANCE

Infographic

Government expenditure on health

(Percentage of GDP, 2017) More than 7.5% 7.0% - 7.5% 6.0% - 6.9% 4.9% - 5.9% Less than 4.9% EU average: 7.0% of GDP

General government includes central government, state government, local government and social security funds.

8.4% 2.6% 7.6% 7.0% 6.0% 4.9%

Household out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare

(Euro per capita, 2016) AT SE FI MT DK CY LU BE IT IE UK DE ES NL EL PT FR LV LT BG HU EE SI SK CZ PL HR RO 799 781 759 749 688 661 631 594 572 555 539 528 514 489 469 453 375 354 291 266 253 243 199 190 179 168 123

90 Euro per capita

EU average: €446 per capita

Note: Household out-of-pocket payment’ means a direct payment for healthcare goods and services from the household primary income or savings, where the payment is made by the user at the time of the purchase of goods or the use of the services.

Data for Malta refers to 2015

Available beds in hospitals

(Per 100 000 inhabitants, 2016) EU average: 509 DE AT BG HU CZ RO LT PL FR SK LV BE HR LU EE MT SI EL FI NL CY PT IT ES IE DK UK SE 806 742 727 700 685 684 669 664 605 57 8 57 2 56 9 54 9 47 8 47 6 46 7 44 9 42 0 39 7 36 3 34 3 34 2 32 0 29 7 26 0 26 0 25 8 23 4

Per 100 000 inhabitants 2.6 million available beds

in hospitals in the EU

Note: Data for Italy refers to 2015

Share of obese people in the EU (%)

(Percentage of population, 2014) 0% 6% 12% 18% 24% Males Females Obese Pre-obese Normal Underweight MT LV HU UK EE CZ SI IE HR FI EL PL LT DE ES PT SK LU FR BG DK AT CY BE SE NL IT RO 25 .2 % 20 .8 % 20 .6 % 19 .8 % 19 .7 % 18 .7 % 18 .6 % 18 .2 % 18 .0 % 17 .8 % 16 .9 % 16 .7 % 16 .6 % 16 .4 % 16 .2 % 16 .1 % 15 .9 % 15 .1 % 14 .7 % 14 .4 % 14 .4 % 14 .3 % 13 .9 % 13 .7 % 13 .4 % 12 .9 % 10 .5 % 9. 1% EU28: 15.4% 18-2425-3435-44 45-64 65-74_Over 75

Share of obese people in the EU (%)

By age (%) By gender (%)

Years

Notes

GlobalStat is a project developed by the European University Institute’s Global Governance Programme (Italy) and the Francisco Manuel dos Santos Foundation (Portugal).

Data sources for page 1: All data are from Eurostat (gov_10a_exp, educ_uoe_enra01, yth_empl_010, edat_lfse_20, edat_lfse_18). Data sources for page 2: All data are from Eurostat (gov_10a_exp, hlth_sha11_hf, hlth_rs_bds, hlth_ehis_bm1e).

Extraction date: data were extracted in March/April 2019.

This ‘At a glance’ note is part of a series ‘Living in the EU’. The other issues in the series cover Climate Change and Energy, European Elections and Democracy, Demography, Asylum and Migration, and the Economy.

This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of its author(s) and any opinions expressed herein should not be taken to represent an official position of the Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union & GlobalStat, 2019.

eprs@ep.europa.eu (mail) http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu (intranet) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank (internet) http://epthinktank.eu (blog) globalstat@eui.eu (mail) http://www.globalstat.eu (internet)

Living in the EU: Education and Health

EPRS and GlobalStat