I
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II
Ferdinando Trapani
Associate Professor in Urban Planning at
the Department of Architecture, University
of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Francesco Alberti
Professor at the Department of
Architecture (DiDA), University of
Florence, Florence Italy.
Sreetheran Maruthaveeran
Senior Lecturer at the Department of
Landscape Architecture, University Putra
Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Advances in Urban Planning and
Architectural Design for Sustainable
Development
Proceedings of Urban Planning and Architectural Design for
Sustainable Development (UPADSD) – 5th Edition 2020
VII
Table of Contents
Part I: Past and Future: City's Image and Preservation
1
The ‘Sfaxian Borjs’: A Vernacular Heritage To Value?Rana Mnejja
3
2
Transformative Actions in the Boston Harbor: Lessons Learned from Past Projects towards a Resilient and Sustainable Urban Future
Dalia Munenzon, Yair Titelboim
5
3
Past and Future: The Urban Landscape and the Virtuous Management of Resource Flows for a Sustainable EnvironmentElvira Nicolini, Antonella Mamì
8
4
Historical Heritage in The City Below and Above the River levelGiorgi Giorgadze
11
5
A Regeneration Method as a Revival Strategy for Sustainable Development in Iran (Case study: A Watermill in Taar village)Arkadeep Roy, Nima Tabrizi
13
6
A multi-stakeholder system for feasibility model of regeneration project with social impact. The field test of Vaiano Valle in Milan
Angela Silvia Pavesi, Genny Cia, Cristiana Perego, Andrea Rapisardi, Marco Tognetti, Elena Como
15
7
From Teaching to Entrepreneurial Pedagogy: Preservation of Territorial Heritage through Design ThinkingHejer Barbouch
18
8
Research on Digital Modeling and Life Cycle Information Management of Architectural Heritage Protection Based on BIMZhao Liang, Zhang Hong
20
9
The Comparison between Waterfront Space Renewal: Taking Shantang Business Street and San Antonio River as ExamplesJierui Wang
23
10
For a Territorial Intelligence Integrated into Tourism Development: Shaping The Identity of a Landscape While Taking Into Consideration The Obligations of Preservation and The Imperatives of Development through Sidi Bou Said Case Study.
Houda Kohli Kallel
25
11
Territorial Identity and Sustainable Tourism; Resurrection of a ghost town: the vernacular town of Zriba Oliya as a case studyNadya Bachouch
27
12
Towards an Inclusive City-System And User's-Oriented Interventions: Udine (IT), a Case StudyMickeal Milocco Borlini, Giovanni Tubaro
29
13
Ecomimetic Solutions to Biodiversity and Homeostatic Imbalances in the
Ecosystem
Lillian C. Woo
VIII
14
Evaluation of Mitigation Strategies of The Urban Heat Island Effect in Mediterranean Area: The Case Study of Largo Annigoni in Florence (Italy)Rosa Romano, Paola Gallo, Alessandra Donato, Federico Bocchini
34
15
A new framework of urban serious game to empower the smartness of citizensYang Lin, Chuanwei Lin
38
16
Linear cities as an alternative for the sustainable transition of urban areas in harmony with natural environment principles
Anna Zaręba, Alicja Krzemińska, Edward Truch, Magdalena Modelska, Francisco Javier Grijalva, Noriegae Rogelio Monrealf
40
Part II: City Planning: Urbanization and Development
17
The Urban As Assemblage: Implications For Designing Sustainability Valeria Monno45
18
Analysis of Quality Public Space Area, Case Study: Campus 2 State Islamic University Alauddin MakassarSriany Ersina
46
19
Shopping Streets As Public Spaces Samah Samir Alkayed Ktaishat50
20
NGO as the Agent of Community-Led Projects Mediating between Community and the Government: A Case study of Permaculture Community Garden Project in Shanghai
Jiayue Zhang, Di Wang, Qiliang Luo
52
21
Understanding The Role Of Slums As ‘Poverty Traps’ Or ‘Springboards’: A Case Comparison Of India And Latin America
Debakshi Mitra
55
22
Change In Urban Planning And Proposed Solutions in the Current Context of Ho Chi Minh CityNgoc Quynh Giao, Pham, Peter Stanisky, Phi Phuong, Pham
58
23
Defining Sustainable Resettlement Policies for Project Affected Women in India through Feedback of Media Review
K. Sen Sharma, V. Jothiprakash
60
24
A Critical Review of the Villes Sans Bidonvilles Programme in Morocco: Lessons to be Learned Toward Inclusive Urban Growth
Maria Rita Gisotti, Elena Tarsi
62
25
In-between Spaces In The Expanding City: Their Role In The Sustainable Design Of New Urban Centrality
Iacopo Zetti, Maddalena Rossi
65
26
Sustainable Regenerative Strategies For The Inner Areas: An Example Of “Civic Design” In Marradi (Tuscany)
Francesco Alberti, Sabine Di Silvio, Ilaria Massini, Sara Naldoni, Simone Scortecci
67
27
Community And Economic Development: An Integrated Approach To Urban Poverty
Laura Nanni
70
28
The Use Of Semi-Public Spaces As Urban Space And Evaluation In Terms Of Urban Space Quality
Melike Orhan
IX
29
Rethinking Residential Neighborhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh: Jane Jacobs’s Urban Design Principles for Improving Livability
Nazmun Akter Pia
74
30
Re-Thinking Transport Infrastructure Investments: The Case Of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Yohanan Bekele
76
31
Land consumption, ecosystem services and urban planning policies: preliminary results of research undertaken in the Tuscany Region
Debora Agostini, Fabio Lucchesi, Francesco Monacci, Fabio Nardini, Massimo Rovai, Iacopo Zetti
79
32
A Conceptual Paper on Roles of Place Satisfaction to Elderly’s Place Attachment in Malaysia Urban Public Park
Kavitha a/p Meganathan, Muhammad Farid Azizul bin Azizui
81
33
The Study on the Stage Characteristics of Spatial Form Evolution of Small Cities - An Example of Dangtu, Anhui
Lou Xiaofeng, Zhang Hong
84
Part III: Architecture and the Built Environment: Impact and Approaches
34
The Impact of Public Participation on Implementing Landscape Urbanism Projects
Mahmoud Attia Tealab, Ebtesam Mohamed Ahmed Elgizawy, Ali Khaled Ahmed Elewa
89
35
Nesting in the City: Urban Environment That Invites Wildlife
Tanjina Khaleque
93
36
Architecture and Place. Memory as design rule for building the city of future. Designing a new exhibition and office building in China
Riccardo Renzi
95
37
Use of Parametric Approach for user-Oriented Development in Building Design: Preliminary InvestigationsGiuseppe Canestrino
99
38
The Power of Networking in Developing Competitive Advantage of a City: Harnessing Community’s and Place’s Potentials. Case: Surakarta Cultural Heritage City, IndonesiaEko Nursanty
101
39
Pandemic spread in Metropolitan Cities of India – Spatial Planning FactorsSridharan Namperumal, Natraj Kranthi, Madhukar Kuchavaram
103
40
Compact Cities and Land Reform; The Case Of South African CitiesSushma Patel
107
41
Homebased Enterprises: The Case of Powerlooms in Bhiwandi, IndiaFarozan Ansari
108
X
43
Soil Liberation in the Multimodal CityClaudio Zanirato
115
44
Application and Research of BIM-based prefabricated 3D Printing Project Management Liu Pei, Zhang Hong120
45
Impact of Migration Resulting from Ethnic and Racial Armed Conflicts on Accelerating Urban Sprawl (Baghdad City as a Case Study)
Nabil T. Ismael, Samaan Majeed Yas, Abdul Hussain Ali Hussain
122
46
Artistic and participatory planning methodologies for sustainable regeneration projects. A case study: the abandoned Alpine space.
Camilla Mele
125
47
Assessment of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Hot Arid ZoneMady Mohamed, Rawan Shawesh
128
48
Mashrabiya as a Sustainable Design Element, The Efficiency of the Thermal Impact on the Urban Design
Dina Howeidy
130
49
Mashrabiya as a Sustainable Design Element, The Aesthetic Impact of the Morphology
Dina Howeidy
132
Soil liberation in the multimodal city
Claudio Zanirato
Researcher and Professor at DiDA of the University of Florence - Italy
Keywords
New mobility; Logistics; Multimodal; Urban
transformation; Infrastructures; Florence;
Abstract
New mobility is not just technological innovation, but a change in lifestyles, means and services, ways of doing business and governance of the common good, represented by urban space and service infrastructures. As the car has shaped the city of the 20th century with all its distortions, the new mobility systems of the new millennium could redefine the use of urban space with a new, more balanced footprint. The new mobility could allow us to drastically reduce the total number of vehicles in circulation (with the interchange and the continuous use of these) and to free large areas of the city, for example the parking spaces, which could be destined to others. uses, and areas of service to the car as a hub of widespread freight delivery.
In this scenario, the motorway service stations will become more similar to interports, exchangers serving not only travelers but also and above all portions of metropolitan areas, small cities and territorial areas of influence, creating a system of "Cells" of relevance.
Today, therefore, awareness is spreading that new mobility also requires a different approach to the city and its design, given that the electrical infrastructure contributes to the (re) definition of urban space.
For this reason, cities must change their approach and get help from technology to understand where and how to intervene, aiming at having as primary objective the restitution of the space granted to the streets, designed for cars, returned to citizens and their needs expanded.
New - electric mobility, as well as connected, shared, multimodal - is in fact part of the new cities that are being built.
The more consolidated cities will also have strong benefits: a case study applied to the entire urban area of Florence demonstrates the potential of this revolution already underway. (Figure 1)
Figure 1 Irene Ponticelli, Florenze Smart City, Scuola di Architettura, 2020
1.1
Movement spaces
Looking at a historical perspective, every innovation in communications has corresponded to a drastic modification of the organization of space, which has always led to new urban configurations, so it is probable how the new ways of intercommunication are revisiting the city and how they can reconfigure it.
We are conquering, with increasingly fast stages, an epochal revolution on the whole system of territorial mobility of people and things: the use of drones for the delivery of mail and parcels (last mile) will greatly reduce the traffic on the ground increasingly congested by e-commerce and it can be open for interfacing with the autonomous private vehicles (auto-delivery).
Certainly urban growth has always been promoted by the development of transport, so much so that today they are both exhausted, and the city is very large, they are very conditioned by transport by rail to withstand the size reached. If the morphology of the cities is a direct consequence of the transport technologies of the time in which
they develop, we can then associate the walled city with the movements on foot and on horseback, the radiocentric city with rail transport, the city widespread with the availability of cars. The down-town of a metropolis is currently occupied by about 2/3 of streets and parking lots and this degrades its existence in a way
(Zardini, 2008). (Figure 2)
Figure 2 Existing fuel service stations in the municipality of Florence and newly planned, Scuola di Architettura, 2020
The territorial urban settlement in fact follows the footprint of the communication system prevalent at the time. If you only think of the changes in the urban landscape induced by the lift and the subway in the last century, then you can also imagine how today's technology is altering the concept of space, and now no longer can anyone consider themselves isolated from a physical obstacle or from too long distances of time (Ventura, 1996).
Since urbanity coincides with mobility, it is also true that meeting, living, are not the very essence of the city, but human accessibility to things, people, information, to which the form of transport available is to service. If all this no longer admits limits and it has become possible to meet anywhere and in any case "virtually" and we can be reached by anything by staying where we are, then urbanity dissolves into a situation of widespread "peripheralization". The consolidation of transport and communication systems increasingly over the air and less overland, allows a glimpse of a review of the use of soils, together with a spatial rarefaction: this process can be associated, in consolidated cities but not only, with a form of "liberalization" of soils, of the open and public space (Ratti, 2017). Thus, new forms of transport and communication tend to progressively release people from
the need to concentrate in limited spaces.
The contraction of the need for physical proximity to access, consume and participate takes away from the city, since it is no longer seen as a program of rationalization and overall manifestation of social relations. The communication systems are designed to expand the space and contract the times, tending to zero the space as a function of (real) time. Freedom from the constraints of distance makes the model centered on material translations unnecessary, undermined by a homogeneous universe of information (De Matteis, 2018). The concept of proximity, on which cities were based, today is no longer based on the concept of physical distance, but on that of accessibility, seen as a location factor that acts over time rather than in space, also supplanting the development of the polarities that had tried to reorganize the settlement systems, overlapping the traditional centralizing polarities.
Figure 3 Smart Mobility systems, Scuola di Architettura, 2020
1.2
Widespread accessibility
We have discovered, in these pandemic months, that much of the frenetic movement that has suffocated the cities and the vast territories is perhaps superfluous, not entirely necessary, and that the technologies we already have can help us live better if oriented to assist us. Therefore, a hypothesis of a more "static" city is emerging, where people will move less and goods and things will have to find alternative ways to reach us. Much of the anthropized scenario for more than a century has been oriented to make people move more and more quickly especially autonomously, with roads, parking lots, service stations ... distributed in a widespread manner (Caccia, 2009): the ongoing process implies that to a large extent it will have to be reoriented to serve people and services who have discovered that they can move much less and in other ways. The city can be reborn by reversing the suffocation factor that has characterized the recent era, gaining urban spaces already present but used for other purposes.
Today, therefore, awareness is spreading that new mobility also requires a different approach to the city and its design, given that the electrical infrastructure contributes to the (re) definition of urban space. New - electric mobility, as well as connected, shared, multimodal - is in fact part of the new cities (smart) that are being built (Zanirato, 2012). Instead, it is different to imagine adaptive scenarios for existing cities, consolidated to the traditional combustion vehicle system. (Figure 3)
The now certain and immediate abandonment of propulsion systems based on fossil fuels, in favor of renewable energies, will make traffic practically no longer "polluting", almost silent and discreet, compatible with the environment from which it has often been segregated (Ferlenga, 2012). In addition, automatic driving will allow you to optimize the approach and parking of vehicles in a programmed way and limiting the occupation of the ground in large yards, allowing more space for collective use and the meeting between people.
Vehicles powered by renewable energies, probably only electric, will need "charging" stops with different methods and times, certainly lesser but still short and instantaneous (induction or photovoltaic systems will allow charging during the journey or stops, interchangeable batteries can be replaced). As a result, the technical areas of road service stations, already disseminated in a widespread manner throughout the territory, will have to be rationalized by serving less to vehicle traffic, but they can become hubs for exchanging, car sharing or drone taxi services, or even the sorting of heavy vehicles and the final delivery with drones or private vehicles with automatic guidance as "bellboys" (AA.VV., 2017).
In this scenario, urban service stations spread over the vast territory will become more like interports, exchangers
serving not only travelers but also and above all portions of built-up areas, small cities, creating a system of "cells ” Pertaining to the new intermodal logistics. The performance of drones can ultimately offer a significant contribution to the optimization of the entire logistics chain, in the last mile, in the management of warehouses and urban distribution, as well as in the penetrating diffusion of many services (medicine delivery, assistance, surveillance...).
Efforts should also be made to make the best use of alternative channels of flows for diversified movements: not only the soil, therefore, but also an aerial layer and waterways, for micro-navigation but also as a resource for urban flight corridors. With an extended view of the possibilities of travel, it is clear that the existing road
network will be decongested and suited to more "constructive" roles.
Figure 4 Simone Saporito, Florenze Smart City, Scuola di Architettura, 2020
1.3
Florence smart city
This vision can help solve the problems of congested accessibility of the larger historical centers as well as the isolation of the more impervious and abandoned traditional villages. In practice, one should be able to bridge the differences in accessibility to urban places that make it the evolutionary difference (Indovina, 2017).
Ultimately, these are new functions that need an unprecedented architectural interpretation and new spatial functionalities that can redefine the roles of many parts of the city, deformed or conformed to other uses that are about to be abandoned and must be replaced. It is an architectural and urban scenario still to be imagined.
Applying all these new technological resources to the existing city will certainly be the challenge of the future: building new cities or parts of this in the name of the technological footprint is certainly easier (for the countries that can afford it) than applying them to existing and highly historicized cities. It is precisely the fabrics and experiences of the oldest cities that have suffered from all the effects induced by motor mobility of the last century, therefore the benefits expected from smart possibilities should have greater prominence.
In the application of the Florentine case, three distinct employment scenarios interconnected and interscalar can be hypothesized: the highway / ring road ring, the urban fuel service areas, the city crossing of the Arno river. To complete the work to upgrade the Florence motorway link, three new service areas are planned, which are next to the only one existing in Campi Bisenzio: in these it is possible to think of an innovative articulation of the services offered mainly to travelers passing through (with electric and automated cars) together with the possibility of sorting many goods destined for the city (breaking the load) and letting them continue to their destination in a targeted manner with autonomous means. There are currently several dozen urban fuel service stations (around 90) in the Florentine municipal area, some of which have already been closed and abandoned for some time (see on the Via Senese), which will necessarily have to be converted to new mobility systems and at the same time take advantage of the their widespread diffusion to offer themselves to various neighborhood scale services, starting from e-commerce (here the specific loads sorted on the highway could arrive). Finally, the course of the Arno could be used to quickly penetrate the most historical fabric of the city, by water or with
overflights, to move tourists and goods without interfering with the delicacy of the historical-monumental density. (Figures 2,4,5)
In these design simulations a possibility emerges to review the cities starting from their voids to obtain widespread accessibility seen as a new urban value within everyone's reach. Moving from the city of the automobile to the city of "programmed" mobility represents a necessary rebalancing for every urban and historical organization, to increase efficiency and operating safety in a more homogeneous way. The evolution of the current mobility systems will therefore lead to a further radical change in city life towards a greater sharing
of spaces and services, a "socialization" of coexistence which remains the underlying reason.
Figure 5 Simone Saporito, innovative service station on lungarno E.de Nicola in Florence, Scuola di Architettura, 2020
References
1. AA.VV. La logistica ai tempi dell'e-commerce. Quaderno n.26, Freight Leaders Council, Bologna: Casma; 2017. 2. Caccia S. Architettura in movimento. Pisa: ETS; 2009.
3. De Matteis A. Polis in fabula. Metamorfosi della città contemporanea. Palermo: Sellerio Ed; 2018. 4. Indovina, F. Ordine e disordine nella città contemporanea. Milano: Franco Angeli; 2017.
5. Ferlenga, A., Biraghi, M., Albrecht, B. L'architettura del mondo. Infrastrutture mobilità nuovi paesaggi. Bologna: Editrice compositori; 2012.
6. Ratti, C., Claudel, M. La città di domani. Come le reti stanno cambiando il futuro urbano. Torino: Einaudi; 2017. 7. Ventura, N. Lo spazio del moto. Bari: Laterza; 1996.
8. Zanirato, C. Ricreare la città. Smart cities. Bologna: Pamphlet; 2012.
