03 July 2021
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From the Hearth of Anatolia to Mesopotamia
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the residenttaTmegara buildings at Kùltepe and the élite burials, such as those found atAlacahòyùk, support the assumption that even the metal flgurines were prestigious display objects. The naturalistic aspect of some of these images, which distinguishes them from the more abstract clay flgurines, could also be a distinctive
trait
of the objects belonging to members of the eÌite.Statuettes were also found at KùÌtepe
in
the leveÌs of theflrst
centuries of the second millennium BC. They are made of ivory or metal and reproduce naked god-desses depictedwith
hands undertheir
breasts. The flgurines discoveredin
the phase Kùltepe Ib, which corresponds to the Assyrian colony period, show speciflc iconographic characters, which can also be found in the Hittite plastic artefacts, such as the round face, a big nose and an enigmatic smile.THE INTENTIONAL
BREAKAGE
Female flgurines made of clay were unearthed
in
the excavations in the Anatolianthird millennium site of Koqumbeli. The flat body shape of these flgurines is similar to that of the KiÌia violin statuettes; in fact,
it
is flatwith
a semi-circular lower body on which the neck and the head are placed. The other body parts are only abstractly represented, such as the arms, which are seen simpÌy as short protrusions, and the breasts, which are depicted as hoÌes.Al
in-depth analysis of the KoEumbeli statuettes demonstrated that many of them had heen broken intentionally at the neck. The deposition of broken heads of claystatuettes is also documented at the aforementioned Neolithic site of QatalhÒyùk. Acts of intentional breakage were also noticed on some of the flgurines found at the Syrian site of TelI Halawa, which can be dated to the late EarÌy Bronze Age. Some of
the broken heads seem to have been carefully buried.
The head breakage might be linked to magic rituals, such as the rites of passage, and could refer to events such as adolescence and marriage, when a young woman would cut her previous ties with her family and enter a new phase of life.
SYRO -ME S
OPOTAMIAhI
CONNECTIONSTelÌ Brak is one the most fascinating archaeological sites in Syria. It was excavated by Max Mallowan, a prominent archaeoÌogist and the husband of Agatha Christie. TelI Brak was an important centre and hosted a huge temple, the so-called "Eye Temple", under which two oÌder sanctuaries were situated. The oldest one of these is known as the "Gray Temple" and can be dated to the Late Chalcolithic
III.
It
is here thatMaÌlowan unearthed a huge number of flat anthropomorphic flgurines in limestone
with
geometric bodies and heads represented by two big eyes pÌaced directly onto the neck. Sometimes a smaller flgure was incised directly onto the front of the body. This iconography supported the assumption that the objects represented women and in the latter case a mother and chiÌd.These flgurines are generally interpreted as offerings to the deity venerated in
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