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From the Hearth of Anatolia to Mesopotamia

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03 July 2021

AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino

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From the Hearth of Anatolia to Mesopotamia

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-: : r ::-..: : .rirh crossed arms --;:- : -::a-Còlan

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--:r: - '.':::eiyetler Muzesì, Ankara

the residenttaTmegara buildings at Kùltepe and the élite burials, such as those found atAlacahòyùk, support the assumption that even the metal flgurines were prestigious display objects. The naturalistic aspect of some of these images, which distinguishes them from the more abstract clay flgurines, could also be a distinctive

trait

of the objects belonging to members of the eÌite.

Statuettes were also found at KùÌtepe

in

the leveÌs of the

flrst

centuries of the second millennium BC. They are made of ivory or metal and reproduce naked god-desses depicted

with

hands under

their

breasts. The flgurines discovered

in

the phase Kùltepe Ib, which corresponds to the Assyrian colony period, show speciflc iconographic characters, which can also be found in the Hittite plastic artefacts, such as the round face, a big nose and an enigmatic smile.

THE INTENTIONAL

BREAKAGE

Female flgurines made of clay were unearthed

in

the excavations in the Anatolian

third millennium site of Koqumbeli. The flat body shape of these flgurines is similar to that of the KiÌia violin statuettes; in fact,

it

is flat

with

a semi-circular lower body on which the neck and the head are placed. The other body parts are only abstractly represented, such as the arms, which are seen simpÌy as short protrusions, and the breasts, which are depicted as hoÌes.

Al

in-depth analysis of the KoEumbeli statuettes demonstrated that many of them had heen broken intentionally at the neck. The deposition of broken heads of clay

statuettes is also documented at the aforementioned Neolithic site of QatalhÒyùk. Acts of intentional breakage were also noticed on some of the flgurines found at the Syrian site of TelI Halawa, which can be dated to the late EarÌy Bronze Age. Some of

the broken heads seem to have been carefully buried.

The head breakage might be linked to magic rituals, such as the rites of passage, and could refer to events such as adolescence and marriage, when a young woman would cut her previous ties with her family and enter a new phase of life.

SYRO -ME S

OPOTAMIAhI

CONNECTIONS

TelÌ Brak is one the most fascinating archaeological sites in Syria. It was excavated by Max Mallowan, a prominent archaeoÌogist and the husband of Agatha Christie. TelI Brak was an important centre and hosted a huge temple, the so-called "Eye Temple", under which two oÌder sanctuaries were situated. The oldest one of these is known as the "Gray Temple" and can be dated to the Late Chalcolithic

III.

It

is here that

MaÌlowan unearthed a huge number of flat anthropomorphic flgurines in limestone

with

geometric bodies and heads represented by two big eyes pÌaced directly onto the neck. Sometimes a smaller flgure was incised directly onto the front of the body. This iconography supported the assumption that the objects represented women and in the latter case a mother and chiÌd.

These flgurines are generally interpreted as offerings to the deity venerated in

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