Ex-voto d'Italia. Strategie di comportamento sociale, per grazia ricevuta

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(1)11152.1_1152.21 22/09/20 11:15 Pagina 1. Renato Grimaldi è direttore della Scuola di Scienze Umanistiche dell’Università degli Studi di Torino. È stato preside della Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione, direttore del Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Educazione e della Formazione e direttore del Dipartimento di Filosofia e Scienze dell’Educazione dello stesso ateneo. E-mail: renato.grimaldi@unito.it.. FrancoAngeli La passione per le conoscenze. € 52,00 (U). (edizione fuori commercio). 11152.1 Renato Grimaldi EX-VOTO D’ITALIA. Quarantacinque anni di lavoro accademico – ripercorsi in una corposa Introduzione – sono condensati in questo libro plasmato dall’intreccio di metodi quantitativi e qualitativi che interagiscono tra di loro (mixed methods), guidati da un modello di attore sociale, pensato e progettato da Luciano Gallino negli anni Ottanta. Il volume è suddiviso in quattro parti. La prima colloca l’ex-voto nella storia dell’arte ed enuncia le teorie, principalmente sociologiche e semiologiche, che hanno costituito i riferimenti dell’intero lavoro. La seconda affronta il tema del santuario come terreno sacralizzato – per lo più da apparizioni mariane – e luogo d’elezione per la custodia degli ex-voto. La terza parte illustra le scelte di metodo che hanno consentito di osservare e rilevare, analizzare e interpretare l’oggetto ex-voto. La quarta, infine, dà conto di elaborazioni e analisi effettuate su 10.000 ex-voto italiani fotografati e schedati nel lungo periodo di lavoro sul campo. I dati raccolti ci parlano dello stretto rapporto tra cielo e terra, tra straordinario e quotidiano, tra fede e scienza, rimarcato dagli innumerevoli episodi di pietà che consentono di ripercorrere la Storia e di coglierne le trasformazioni, partendo dalla vita vissuta di migliaia di protagonisti. Le tavolette votive dipinte si rivelano infatti un eccezionale vettore per riprodurre e trasmettere i valori della comunità: famiglia, patria, lavoro, cura degli animali e del territorio, uso dei mezzi di trasporto e delle vecchie e nuove tecnologie. Negli ex-voto si snodano i cicli della vita e delle stagioni e l’impatto su di essi di piccole e grandi catastrofi naturali o sociali che si ripresentano nel tempo con regolarità impressionante, trovandoci purtroppo ogni volta impreparati. Nell’affrontare rischi e calamità di ogni genere, donne e uomini degli ex-voto rivolgono – con grande dignità – lo sguardo verso l’alto, chiedendo di sopravvivere, persistere e replicarsi quali entità biologiche ed entità culturali. La lunga sequenza di eventi narrati negli ex-voto costituisce una sorta di DNA della nostra nazione, indispensabile per dare forma al futuro del Paese. Anche per questo motivo, gli ex-voto dipinti devono essere rilevati, schedati, conservati, protetti, valorizzati, studiati e portati all’attenzione del grande pubblico, come questo volume si propone.. Renato Grimaldi. Ex-voto d’Italia Strategie di comportamento sociale, per grazia ricevuta. Percorsi di ricerca.

(2) Percorsi di ricerca COLLANA DIRETTA DA RENATO GRIMALDI Comitato scientifico: Roberto Albera – Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche (Torino), Marco Cantamessa – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale e della Produzione (Torino), Elena Cattelino – Università della Valle d’Aosta, Marco Devecchi – Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (Torino), Maria Adelaide Gallina – Dipartimento di Filosofia e Scienze dell’Educazione (Torino), Cristina Ispas – Università “Eftimie Murgu” din Re¸si¸ta (Romania), Vincenzo Lombardo – Dipartimento di Informatica (Torino), Sergio Margarita – Dipartimento di Management (Torino), Witold Misiuda-Rewera – Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej (Lublin), Silvano Montaldo – Dipartimento di Studi Storici (Torino), Giovanni Onore – Departamento de Biologia (Quito), José Emilio Palomero Pescador – Universidad de Zaragoza, Maria Margherita Satta – Dipartimento di Storia, Scienze dell’Uomo e della Formazione (Sassari), Roberto Trinchero – Dipartimento di Filosofia e Scienze dell’Educazione (Torino), Christopher Weiss – New York University Le scienze umane e le scienze naturali sono destinate a cooperare nonostante la frattura cognitiva esistente. Questa collana, che nasce con il coinvolgimento di studiosi dei due campi, vede nella ricerca e nell’uso delle nuove tecnologie il luogo sia fisico sia concettuale per la creazione di un insieme di modelli di relazioni di riferimento per la costruzione di teorie e per l’orientamento di scelte rilevanti in campo politico, economico, industriale, tecnologico, sanitario, educativo, ambientale, storico, sociale. Tutti i testi sono preventivamente sottoposti a referaggio anonimo.. Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

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(5) COPY 15,5X23. 1-02-2016. 8:56. Pagina 1. Renato Grimaldi. Ex-voto d’Italia Strategie di comportamento sociale, per grazia ricevuta. Percorsi di ricerca. Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

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(8) Indice ,QWURGX]LRQH8QDOHWWXUDVLVWHPLFDGHJOLH[YRWRGLRenato Grimaldi SDJ 3DUWH,±9HUVRXQRVFKHPDFRQFHWWXDOH ([YRWR5LIOHVVLRQLVXOODOHWWHUDWXUDDUWLVWLFDDQWLFDHVXOGLEDW WLWRFULWLFRGDOODVHFRQGDPHWjGHO;,;VHFRORDRJJLGLGianni Carlo Sciolla ª /D FRPSOHVVLWj GHOO¶H[YRWR IRUPH IXQ]LRQL H OLQJXDJJLR GL Simona Maria Cavagnero ª ([YRWR H PHPRULD FXOWXUDOH XQD SURVSHWWLYD VHPLRWLFD GL Jenny Ponzo ª ,O UDFFRQWR LQ XQ¶LPPDJLQH 7HRULD H PRUIRORJLD GHOO¶H[YRWR GLSLQWR GLRenato Grimaldi ª /D UDSSUHVHQWD]LRQH GHOOD VLWXD]LRQH QHJOL H[YRWR GLSLQWL GL Maria Adelaide Gallina ª 3DUWH,,±,VDQWXDULFRPHOXRJRGLJUD]LHULFHYXWH ,VDQWXDULHOHOHJJHQGHGLIRQGD]LRQHGLRenato Grimaldi ª , VDQWXDUL GHO 3LHPRQWH OH OHJJHQGH GL IRQGD]LRQH GL Simona Maria Cavagnero ª , VDQWXDUL GHOOD /LJXULD OH OHJJHQGH GL IRQGD]LRQH GL Renato Grimaldi, Simona Maria Cavagnero ª 'LVSRVL]LRQLproanimaHULWXDOLGLSURWH]LRQHWUDFFHVWRULFKHGL ª DWWLGHYR]LRQDOLWUD*RYRQHH$OED GLAntonella Saracco 3DUWH,,,±8QPRGHOORGLDWWRUHVRFLDOHSHUODULFHUFDVXOFDPSR (*2XQPRGHOORGLDWWRUHVRFLDOHSHUODOHWWXUDGHJOLH[YRWR GLRenato Grimaldi ª 5 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089. .

(9) /DULFHUFDVXOFDPSRGLRenato Grimaldi SDJ ,FDUDWWHULVRFLRDQWURSRORJLFLGHLFRPXQLGHO3LHPRQWHHGHOOD 9DOOHG¶$RVWDGLRenato Grimaldi ª 3DUWH,9±*OLH[YRWRUDFFRQWDQRO¶DQDOLVLGHLGDWL ,SLWWRULHLVDQWLGHJOLH[YRWRGLRenato Grimaldi ª ª ,VFUL]LRQLSDUROHHLPPDJLQLGLMaria Adelaide Gallina /¶RJJHWWRH[YRWRGLSandro Brignone ª ,OWHPSRHORVSD]LRGHOO¶D]LRQHVRFLDOH³VFLRJOLHUHLOYRWR´GL Renato Grimaldi ª /HFDWHJRULHGHJOLH[YRWRGLSLQWLGLSimona Maria Cavagnero Maria Adelaide Gallina ª /DUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHGHOODVLWXD]LRQHLOULFKLHGHQWHGLMaria Adelaide Gallina ª /DUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHGHOODVLWXD]LRQHLOPLUDFRODWRGL Simona Maria Cavagnero ª 6ROLGDULHWj GL JHQHUH QHOOH VWUDWHJLH GL LQGLYLGXD]LRQH H GL LGHQWLILFD]LRQHGLRenato Grimaldi ª ª 0DQWHQHUHLQYLWDODYLWDRGHOVRSUDYYLYHUHGLPaola Borgna 7LSRORJLHGLH[YRWR8Q¶DSSOLFD]LRQHGHOO¶DQDOLVL³QRQPHWUL FD´GHOOHFRUULVSRQGHQ]HGLRoberto Trinchero ª *OLH[YRWRHLOWHUULWRULRGLTania Parisi ª /DUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHSRSRODUHGHOVRSUDYYLYHUHLQ3URYHQ]DH LQ3LHPRQWHXQDFRPSDUD]LRQHGLBenita Delfino ª %LEOLRJUDILDHULIHULPHQWLELEOLRJUDILFLDFXUDGLRenato Grimaldi ª *OLDXWRUL ª 6 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089. .

(10) Parte IV Gli ex-voto raccontano: l’analisi dei dati. Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(11) Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

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(53) Foto 1 – Il pittore-decoratore Giovanni Olindo di Canelli (Asti) che ha dipinto alcuni ex-voto che si trovano nei santuari di Cassinasco (Asti) e di Castiglione Tinella (Cuneo) [Foto R. Grimaldi, 1981]. . Foto 2 – Santuario della Madonna dei Caffi di Cassinasco (Asti). Ex-voto del 1946 dipinto da Giovanni Olindo [Foto R. Grimaldi, 1986]. 336 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(54) Foto 3 – Il pittore Giovanni Lupo di Ciriè in un’immagine di inizio Novecento [Fonte: Abbadia di San Vito Martire (2013)]. Foto 4 – Santuario di Monte Berico, Vicenza. Ex-voto datato 1922 del pittore Azeglio (firmato con la sigla $] in fondo a destra) [Foto R. Grimaldi, 2019]. 337 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(55) Foto 5 – Firme di alcuni pittori (la sigla $] corrisponde ad Azeglio) [Foto R. Grimaldi] [Foto R. Grimaldi, 2019]. . . Foto 6 – Galleria di Madonne e Santi ricavati da ex-voto collocati in vari santuari e cappelle campestri [Foto R. Grimaldi]. 338 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(56) Foto 7 – Santuario della Consolata, Torino. 1933, Mascherpa Margherita cade dalla scala e chiede l’intercessione di Don Bosco e della Consolata; anche i “santi sociali” del Piemonte sono presenti negli ex-voto [Foto P. Siccardi (per il Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte), 2015]. ,VDQWLYRWLYL , SLWWRUL GL FXL DEELDPR SDUODWR QHO SDUDJUDIR SUHFHGHQWH SHU SULPD FRVD GRYHYDQRLPPDJLQDUHFRPHGLSLQJHUHLOVDQWRLQWHUFHVVRUHULIDFHQGRVLDOO¶LFR QRJUDILD SUHVHQWH QHO OXRJR VDFUR GRYH O¶H[YRWR VDUHEEH VWDWR FROORFDWR D YROWHLQFROODYDQRXQ¶LPPDJLQHGHOVDQWR

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(67) Tab. 2 – Distribuzione di frequenza degli ex-voto per santo votivo (in ordine alfabetico) Santo votivo. Frequenza. $1*(/,. Percentuale . . . . . . *(68 . . . 0$'. . . . . . . $1,0(385*$17, &$5,7$ ',9,1$. 0$''2/25, 0$'$1181=,$7$ 0$'$86,/,$75,&(. . . 0$'%$66$. . . 0$'%(/0217(. . . 0$'%2'(1. . . 0$'%58&(7$. . . . . . . . . 0$'&$50,1(. . . 0$'&2/%$0%,12. . . 0$'%821&216,*/,2 0$'&$)), 0$'&$5$9$**,2. 0$'&2//(772. . 0$'&2162/$7$. . 0$'&2162/$75,&(. . . . 0$'&5($. . . 0$'&5(7$. . . 0$''(6(572. . . . . 0$'*5$=,(. . . 0$'/25(72. 0$')5$6&+(77$. . . 0$'/285'(6. . . 0$'0$5,$9(5*,1(. . . . . 0$'0$==8&&2 0$'0(5&('( 0$'0,/,&,$ 0$'02/,==2. . . . . . . 340 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089. .

(68) 0$'0217(. . . 0$'0217(1(52. . . 0$'1(9(. . . 0$'16/25(72. . . 0$'163,(9(. . . 0$'2/0(77,. . . . . 0$'32**,2. . . 0$'3203(,. . . 0$'325721(. . . 0$'48(5&,$. . . . . 0$'52&&+(. . . 0$'526$5,2. . . . . . . 0$'6$/87(. . . 0$'6$1*8(. . . 0$'9$//21(. . . 0$'9,*1(. . . 0$'2523$. 0$'5$9$521. 0$'526( 0$'529(5(. 0$'9,6,7$=,21(. . . 0$'98/*26&$3(1=2. . . 1'*$5'(. . . 1'*8(5,621. . . 1'3,7,( . . . 1'728732892,5. . . . . . . 3$3$. . . 3$3$*,29$11,;;,,,. . . 44. 0,4. 6$%$&2. . . 6$11$. . . . . 3$'5(6,021( 3$1&5$=,2. S-* [non riconoscibile]. 6$1721,23$'29$. 341 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089. .

(69) 6%(51$5'2. . . 6%292. . . 6&$7(5,1$'$$/(66$1'5,$. . . 6&$7(5,1$'$6,(1$. . . 6'()(1'(17(. . . 6(8)5(0. . . 6)(/,&(. . . 6)(55(5,9,1&(1=2. . . 6),25(1=2. . . 6)5$1&(6&2. . . 6*,25*,2. . . 6*,29$11,%26&2. . . . . . . 6,*1$=,2/2<2/$. . . 6/,%(5$. . . 6/8&,$. . . 60$57,12. . . . . 6*,29$11,%$77,67$ 6*,86(33(. 61,&2/$72/(17,12 63$1&5$=,2. . . 63,(752. . . 65,7$. . . 652&&2. . . 66(%$67,$12. . . 66(&21'2. . . 66,52. . . 69,1&(1=2)(55(5,. . . 6$&52&825(. . Totale. 9905. 100 . . /DGHYR]LRQHPDULDQDULVXOWDTXLQGLHVVHUHSUHSRQGHUDQWHQHOPRPHQWR LQFXLVLGHFLGHGLULQJUD]LDUHODGLYLQLWjSHUXQPLUDFRORRFFRUVRHYLGHQ ]LDQGRFRPHVLDODSLGLIIXVDVXWXWWRLOWHUULWRULRLWDOLDQR'HWWRTXHVWRSRV VLDPR FRQVWDWDUH XQD FHUWD GLIIXVLRQH GL VDQWL GLIIHUHQWL D FXL VL ULYROJRQR XRPLQLHGRQQHGHJOLH[YRWR. 342 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(70) 14. Iscrizioni, parole e immagini GLMaria Adelaide Gallina. 'L]LRQDULRGHOOHWDYROHWWHYRWLYHOHLVFUL]LRQL . /HHODERUD]LRQLHOHDQDOLVLFRQGRWWHLQTXHVWRFDSLWRORIDQQRULIHULPHQWR DOSULPRFRUSXVYRWLYRGLH[YRWRSLHPRQWHVL/DULOHYD]LRQHHGLJLWD OL]]D]LRQHGHOOHLVFUL]LRQLYRWLYHKDFRQVHQWLWRXQ¶DQDOLVLGHLPHVVDJJLFKHL ULFKLHGHQWLODJUD]LDWUDFFLDQRDWHVWLPRQLDQ]DGHOODJUD]LDULFHYXWD6LWUDWWD VRYHQWHGLVLJOHFKHVLULSHWRQRQHOORVWHVVRPRGRQHLVHFROLFRPHGHOOHJLD FXODWRULHPDPROWHYROWHSRUWDQRLQIRUPD]LRQLLPSRUWDQWLVXOFRQWHVWRHVXOOD YLFHQGD,OIDWWRFKHVLVLDQRUHJLVWUDWHLVFUL]LRQLVXGHLH[YRWR DQDOL]]DWLGLPRVWUDFKHLOGHLULFKLHGHQWLODJUD]LDXWLOL]]DTXHVWDIRUPD GLFRPXQLFD]LRQH6RQRVWDWHLPSLHJDWHSDUROH VLJQLILFDWLYH

(71) GLYHUVH SHUXQWRWDOHGLRFFRUUHQ]HFRPSOHVVLYH/D7DEULSRUWDOHSDUROH FKHVXSHUDQRODIUHTXHQ]DGLRFFRUUHQ]HFRPHVLSXzRVVHUYDUHYLVRQR QRPLGLSHUVRQHOXRJKLPHVL/DGDWDFRVWLWXLVFHXQULIHULPHQWRLPSRUWDQWH SHUO¶H[YRWRLOPLUDFRORqDYYHQXWRTXHOJLRUQROu$YROWHLQRPLGHLPHVL VHWWHPEUH RWWREUH QRYHPEUH GLFHPEUH YHQJRQR VLQWHWL]]DWL ULVSHWWLYD PHQWHLQEUHEUHEUHEUH0DVRQROHIRUPXOHULFRUUHQWLFKHVFDQGLVFRQR LOPHVVDJJLRDOO¶HVVHUHVDFUR9)*53*5*56RQRTXHVWHOHSDUROHSL XVDWHQHOGL]LRQDULRGHJOLH[YRWRSLHPRQWHVL. . Foto 1 – Santuario Madonna del Sangue di Re (Verbania). Cartiglio da ex-voto del 1844 [Foto V. Guglielmetti, 2001] . . . 1HOO¶HOHQFRGHOOHSDUROHVLJQLILFDWLYHDEELDPRRYYLDPHQWHHVFOXVRLQXPHULFKHIDQQR. ULIHULPHQWRDOJLRUQR HV

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(75) Tab. 1 – Occorrenze (superiori a 15) delle parole significative che fanno parte dell’iscrizione VOCABOLI MADONNA FRANCO CREA OTTIGLIO OROPA ROSA CAROLINA VERGINE VERCELLI MARGHERITA CONIUGI MILLESIMO BIELLA CATERINA SOLDATO PAOLO ANGELO GIUSEPPINA TORINO CASALE VILLATA GRAZIE MARIO GUERRA GIACOMO TERESA NOVEMBRE DOMENICO GENNAIO DICEMBRE ANTONIO FRANCESCO FAMIGLIA FEBBRAIO OTTOBRE MARZO APRILE CARLO SETTEMBRE PIETRO GIUGNO LUGLIO LUIGI MAGGIO AGOSTO MARIA GIOVANNI GR V.F.G.R. GIUSEPPE P.G.R. EX VOTO RICEVUTA GRAZIA G.R.. FREQUENZA 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 25 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 33 34 39 40 40 48 51 53 53 57 60 64 66 74 79 81 86 86 109 118 125 126 223 265 333 779 810 1258. 344 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(76) ,OUHWURGHOO¶H[YRWROHFRPPHVVHDLSLWWRULFRQWDGLQL 6HFRPHSHUPDJLDSRWHVVLPRYHGHUHDSSHVHDOOHSDUHWLGHLVDQWXDULSLH PRQWHVLOHWDYROHWWHYRWLYHJLUDWHVXOO¶DVVHYHUWLFDOHGLJUDGLDPRVWUDUH LOYHUVRDOYLVLWDWRUHSRWUHPPRDVVLVWHUHDXQGLYHUVRWLSRGLHVSRVL]LRQH QRQPHQRLQWHUHVVDQWHGLTXHOORXVXDOH$EELDPRRUGLQDWRSHUVDQWXDULRH YLVXDOL]]DWRLOFRQWHQXWRGHOYHUVRGHJOLH[YRWRQHLFDVLLQFXLHVLVWRQRWDOL LQIRUPD]LRQLTXHVWLGDWLVLWURYDQRLQH[YRWRVXGLXQWRWDOHGL TXLQGLQHOGHLFDVL6LWUDWWDSHUORSLGLDQQRWD]LRQLGHOSLWWRUHULJXDU GDQWL OD FRPPHVVD RSSXUH VFKL]]L R QRWH UHODWLYH DOO¶LVFUL]LRQH YROXWD GDO ULFKLHGHQWHODJUD]LD0DWURYLDPRDQFKHODILUPDGHOSLWWRUHYHFFKLDUWLFROL GLJLRUQDOLHULYLVWHLQFROODWLSHUGDUHPDJJLRUHFRQVLVWHQ]DDOOHWDYROHWWHEL JOLHWWLQLDIILGDWLPDJDULGDLSDUHQWLGHOPLUDFRODWRFKHFRQLOYHLFRORGHOO¶H[ YRWR SRVVRQR UDJJLXQJHUH GLUHWWDPHQWH LO VDQWR LQGLFD]LRQL GLSDJDPHQWR QHOXQH[YRWRHUDVWDWRSDJDWROLUHHODFDSDUUDHUDGLOLUH

(77) WLPEUL GHOOD ERWWHJD DUWLJLDQD FKH KD SURGRWWR O¶H[YRWR GLFKLDUD]LRQL DXWRJUDIH GHOODJUD]LDULFHYXWDLQGLFD]LRQLGLSDUWHFLSD]LRQLDPRVWUH6LWUDWWDGLXQD ³OHWWHUDWXUDSRSRODUH´FKHLQIRUPDGHOODYRORQWjGHOFRPPLWWHQWHHFKHFRQ VHQWHLQPROWLFDVLGLFRPSUHQGHUHDIRQGRLOPHVVDJJLRLFRQRJUDILFRGHOO¶H[ YRWRGLGDWDUORGLDWWULEXLUQHODSDWHUQLWjSHUTXDQWRULJXDUGDO¶HVHFXWRUHH GLGHILQLUHFRQPDJJLRUSUHFLVLRQHODILJXUDGHOULFKLHGHQWHGHOPLUDFRODWRH GHOVDQWRSURWHWWRUH Foto 2 – Santuario Madonna della Mercede di Antignano (Asti). Ex-voto datato 1925 ma riferito a un evento del 1924 (v. Foto 3) [Foto R. Grimaldi, 1990]. 345 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(78) Foto 3 – Verso dell’ex-voto di Foto 2, recante la scritta: «Un ragazzo di 5 anni col toni rosso / nel prato una mucca che lo / picchia colla corna nella bocca / di esso, un uomo che corre / una casa lontano / G.R. 1924» (data sul verso e data sul dipinto, stranamente non coincidono) [Foto R. Grimaldi, 1990] Foto 4 – Santuario Madonna della Mercede di Antignano (Asti). Sul verso di questo ex-voto si legge: «Una casa con cortile, stalla e cascina / davanti la stalla due mucche attaccate ad una caretta con due ruote / le mucche che bevono nella brenta / il medesimo bambino vestito di rosso si veda preso sotto la ruota / una donna che lo prende / un uomo che alza le ruote / GR 1924». L’ex-voto si riferisce al medesimo bambino della Foto 2 ed è stato eseguito nello stesso periodo e dal medesimo pittore, anche se non firmato [Foto R. Grimaldi, 1990]. 346 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(79) Foto 5 – Santuario di S. Pancrazio, Pianezza (Torino). Etichetta del pittore Giovanni Lupo di Ciriè incollata sul verso di un ex-voto [Foto M. Gadda, 2004]. . 347 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(80) 15. L’oggetto ex-voto GLSandro Brignone. /¶H[YRWRFRPHRJJHWWRGHOODFXOWXUDSRSRODUH 7UDLPROWHSOLFLHOHPHQWLFKHHPHUJRQRGDOORVWXGLRGHOOHWDYROHWWHYRWLYH YLVRQRFHUWDPHQWHOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHULIHULWHDOOD³WDQJLELOLWj´ GHOO¶H[YRWR /¶RJJHWWRLQIDWWLSRVVLHGHXQDJHRPHWULDHGLPHQVLRQLSURSULHqVWDWRFUHDWR FRQPDWHULDOLHWHFQLFKHSLWWRULFKHSHFXOLDULHO¶D]LRQHGHOWHPSRRDOWULIDWWRUL SRVVRQRDYHUQHDOWHUDWRORVWDWRGLFRQVHUYD]LRQH/¶H[YRWRSRUWDGXQTXH LPSUHVVRQHOODVXDILVLFLWjHPDWHULDOLWjXQFDOHLGRVFRSLRGLYLFHQGHXPDQH FKHOHJDQRODYLWDGLXQQXPHURSLRPHQRDPSLRGLVRJJHWWLFRQODGLPHQ VLRQHWUDVFHQGHQWDOHGHOGLYLQR *LOOL

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(88) 348 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

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(103) Fig. 1 – Distribuzione di frequenza della base (orientamento orizzontale). DĞĚŝĂсϯϲ͕ϵϰ Ğǀ͘ƐƚĚ͘сϭϬ͕Ϯϲϭ Eсϳ͘ϮϮϯ. Fig. 2 - Distribuzione di frequenza dell’altezza (orientamento orizzontale). DĞĚŝĂсϮϴ͕Ϭϲ Ğǀ͘ƐƚĚ͘сϴ͕ϭϴϰ Eсϳ͘ϮϮϯ. 350 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(104) /D)LJHOD)LJLQWHQGRQRLQYHFHPRVWUDUHOHGLVWULEX]LRQLGLIUH TXHQ]DGLEDVHHDOWH]]DTXDQGRO¶H[YRWRKDXQRULHQWDPHQWRGLWLSRYHUWL FDOH(VVHVRQRULVSHWWLYDPHQWHPHGLDEDVH FPHPHGLDDOWH]]D FP1HOSDUDJUDIRVXFFHVVLYRLOOHWWRUHWURYHUjXQDSSURIRQGLPHQWR VXOODUHOD]LRQHWUDOHYDULDELOLbaseHaltezzaLQUHOD]LRQHDOO¶orientamento GHLSLWWXUDOLYRWLYL Fig. 3 - Distribuzione di frequenza della base (orientamento verticale). DĞĚŝĂсϮϵ͕ϵϵ Ğǀ͘ƐƚĚ͘сϴ͕ϳϯϭ EсϮ͘ϰϯϳ. Fig. 4 - Distribuzione di frequenza dell’altezza (orientamento verticale). DĞĚŝĂсϯϴ͕ϰϯ Ğǀ͘ƐƚĚ͘сϭϭ͕Ϯϰϵ EсϮ͘ϰϯϳ. 351 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

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(156) Foto 2 – Santuario Madonna della Guardia (don Orione) di Tortona (Alessandria). Galleria di ex-voto [Foto (panoramica 180°) L. Grimaldi, 2014]. Foto 3 – Santuario Madonna della Misericordia, Valmala (Cuneo). Ex-voto con orientamento orizzontale. Olio su latta. «Ballatore Caterina moglie del fu Pietro / Assalita da due Malvaggi ricevetti 17 Coltellate è derubata dell'Oro / Guarita Perfettamente. Grazia Ricevuta. Marzo 22, 1903» [Fonte: Capobianco, De Angelis (1985)]. 358 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(157) Foto 4 – Santuario Madonna della Misericordia, Valmala (Cuneo). Ex-voto con orientamento verticale. Tempera su carta. Incidente tra due auto nel corso di un rally, circa 1975 [Fonte: www.italiavotiva.it/page/5/?s=valmala&ptype=ex voto]. 359 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(158) Foto 5 – Santuario Madonna di Oropa a Biella. Ex-voto fotografico del 1967 [Foto R. Grimaldi, 2013]. Foto 6 – Santuario Madonna delle Grazie, Costigliole d’Asti. Ex-voto del 1743. Olio su tavola. Sul verso si legge: «La Sant.ma Vergine delle Gratie / con San Teodoro / Un homo ingenocchio in atto di pregare / con N. 6 Bestie Bovine» (anche se sulla tavoletta gli animali dipinti sono più di 6…) [Foto R. Grimaldi, 1987] . 360 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(159) Foto 7 – Santuario Madonna della Misericordia, Valmala (Cuneo). Ex-voto del 1867. Olio su tavola. «V.F.G.A.» [Fonte: Capobianco, De Angelis (1985)]. . /DGLPHQVLRQHGHJOLH[YRWRVHJXHGHLFDQRQLGLFRPSRVL]LRQH" &LVLqFKLHVWLVHHVLVWDXQDUHOD]LRQHOLQHDUHGLUHWWDWUDODPLVXUDGHOODEDVH HTXHOODGHOO¶DOWH]]DGHJOLH[YRWRRVVLDVHDOFUHVFHUHGHOODEDVH DVVXQWD FRPHYDULDELOHLQGLSHQGHQWH

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(165) Fig. 5 – Diagramma di dispersione (variabile indipendente: base; variabile dipendente: altezza). ,OIHQRPHQRGHOOD³GRSSLDFRGD´SXzHVVHUHPHJOLRLQWHUSUHWDWRLQGLYL GXDQGRXQDQXRYDYDULDELOHGLFRQWUROORGHOO¶H[YRWRODYDULDELOHorientamento/DWDYROHWWDYRWLYDqLQIDWWLRULHQWDWDLQRUL]]RQWDOHTXDQGRODEDVHq PDJJLRUH GHOO¶DOWH]]D RSSXUH YLFHYHUVD LQ PRGR YHUWLFDOH &RPH YLVWR LQ SUHFHGHQ]DFLUFDôGHJOLH[YRWRVRQRFROORFDWLQHOODSULPDSRVL]LRQHHFLUFD óQHOODVHFRQGD$QGDQGR GXQTXHDVXGGLYLGHUOL LQ GXH JUDQGLJUXSSLq SRVVLELOHFRQWUROODUHQXRYDPHQWHODUHOD]LRQHWUDOHGXHGLPHQVLRQLGHLTXD GUL/¶LSRWHVLqFKHHVLVWDXQDUHOD]LRQHOLQHDUHWUDODEDVH YDULDELOHLQGLSHQ GHQWH

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(173) Fig. 6 – Diagramma di dispersione (orientamento: orizzontale; variabile indipendente: base; variabile dipendente: altezza) . Fig. 7 – Diagramma di dispersione (orientamento: verticale; variabile indipendente: base; variabile dipendente: altezza). . 363 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835113089.

(174) Tab. 9 – Modello lineare (variabile indipendente: base; variabile dipendente: altezza; controllato da: orientamento) Riepilogo del modello Stime dei parametri &RHII 2ULHQWDPHQWR (TXD] 5 &RVWDQWH ) JO JO 6LJQ DQJRO TXDGUDWR D

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