11
Le mafie nell’autotrasporto.
Il caso di Reggio Emilia
VITTORIO METE 1. Introduzione &KLIDULFHUFDVXLIHQRPHQLPD¿RVLGHYHIDUHLFRQWLFRQGLYHUVLSUREOHPLFKH ULJXDUGDQRLOVXRRJJHWWRGLVWXGLR,QSULPROXRJRDFDXVDGHOODORURQDWXUDVHJUH- WDHLOOHJDOHOHPD¿HVRQRGLI¿FLOPHQWHHFRPXQTXHSUREOHPDWLFDPHQWHHVSOR-UDELOLVXOSLDQRHPSLULFR3HUFLzSHULOVHPSOLFHIDWWRFKHULVXOWDQRLPSUDWLFDELOL PROWLVWUXPHQWLWLSLFDPHQWHXVDWLQHOODULFHUFDVRFLDOHVRQRVXTXHVWRIURQWHSRFR RSHUQXOODXWLOL8QVHFRQGRRVWDFRORqFRVWLWXLWRGDOO¶LPPDJLQHSXEEOLFDGHOOH PD¿HXQ¶LPPDJLQHGHFLVDPHQWHDSSLDWWLWDVXDOFXQLFOLFKpHFKHLQDOFXQLFDVLq LQJUDGRGLFRQGL]LRQDUHODVWHVVDDWWLYLWjGLULFHUFD/DPD¿DGHWWRLQDOWULWHUPLQL LQWHVDFRPHRJJHWWRGLFRQRVFHQ]DVRIIUHGLXQDIRUWHEDQDOL]]D]LRQHHGqYLWWL-PDGLVWHUHRWLSLSHUGXUDQWLQHOWHPSR4XHVWDLQWHUSUHWD]LRQHSRFRVR¿VWLFD±VH QRQSURSULRGLVWRUWD±GHOOHPD¿HVLULVFRQWUDIUHTXHQWHPHQWHQHLSURGRWWLFXOWX-UDOLOLEULDUWLFROLGLJLRUQDOL¿OP¿FWLRQWHOHYLVLYHEUDQLPXVLFDOLHFFGHGLFDWL DOO¶DUJRPHQWRPDVLVFRUJHDQFKHQHOODOHWWHUDWXUDVRFLRORJLFDVXOOHPD¿H2OWUH DOODSHUSHWXD]LRQHGHJOLVWHUHRWLSLGLFXLVLqDSSHQDGHWWRORVJXDUGRPLRSHVXOOH PD¿HSURGXFHWUDOHDOWUHFRVHDQFKHXQDVFDUVDFDSDFLWjGLGLVWLQJXHUHOHGLIIH-UHQ]HWUDLGLYHUVLJUXSSLPD¿RVL,QPROWLFDVLLFODQPD¿RVLVRQRLQIDWWLWUDWWDWL LQPDQLHUDDFULWLFDFRPHVHWXWWLDYHVVHUROHVWHVVHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHHFLRqDYHVVHUR XQDIRUWHFDSDFLWjLQWLPLGDWULFHIRVVHURWXWWLXJXDOPHQWHULFFKLWXWWLLQVHULWLQHO FDPSRGHOWUDI¿FRGLGURJDWXWWLELVRJQRVLHFDSDFLGLULFLFODUHGHQDURVSRUFRH FRVuYLD/RVWHVVRYDOHSHULVLQJROLPD¿RVLDLTXDOLVRQRLQGLVWLQWDPHQWHDWWULEX-LWLLPHGHVLPLWUDWWLLOFDULVPDLQGLYLGXDOHLOFRUDJJLRORVSUH]]RGHOSHULFRORLO ¿XWRSHUJOLDIIDULO¶HOHYDWRWHQRUHGLYLWDHDOWURDQFRUD1RQVLFRQVLGHUDFLRqOD JUDQGHVWUDWL¿FD]LRQHLQWHUQD±DGHVHPSLRLQWHUPLQLGLULFFKH]]DHSRWHUH±FKHVL UHJLVWUDQHLJUXSSLPD¿RVL$EHQYHGHUHLQYHFHOHGLIIHUHQ]HFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DQR LOSLDQHWDPD¿DVRQRPROWREHQPDUFDWH2OWUHDTXHVWHqSRLQHFHVVDULRLPSDUDUHD ULFRQRVFHUHHFRQVLGHUDUHLGLYHUVLOLYHOOLRUJDQL]]DWLYLHGLD]LRQHVHQRQFLVLYXR-OHIHUPDUHDOODVXSHU¿FLHGHOIHQRPHQR11RQVLWUDWWDVROWDQWRGLFRQVLGHUDUHFKH OHWUHRTXDWWURVHVLFRQVLGHUDDQFKHOD6DFUD&RURQD8QLWD³PD¿HUHJLRQDOL´ 13LLQGHWWDJOLRVHJXHQGRODSURVSHWWLYDWHRULFDVYLOXSSDWDGD5RFFR6FLDUURQHE±VXOSLDQR DQDOLWLFRSRVVRQRGLVWLQJXHUVLTXDWWUROLYHOOLGLD]LRQHHGLRUJDQL]]D]LRQHGHLJUXSSLPD¿RVL$OSULPROL-YHOORVLWURYDQRVLQJROLPD¿RVLFKHDJLVFRQRLQPDQLHUDLQGLSHQGHQWHDOVHFRQGRYLVRQRLJUXSSLPD¿RVL FRPHDGHVHPSLRXQDIDPLJOLDPD¿RVD,QTXHVWLGXHSULPLOLYHOOL³ULVXOWDQRSUHYDOHQWLLOHJDPLSHUVRQDOL HODORJLFDGHJOLDIIDUL´Ibidem,OWHU]RqLOOLYHOORGHOO¶RUJDQL]]D]LRQHFKHHTXLYDOHDGHVHPSLRDGXQD FRVFD PD¿RVD PHQWUH LO TXDUWR q LO OLYHOOR LQWHURUJDQL]]DWLYR FLRq O¶DPELWR GHOOH UHOD]LRQL WUD JUXSSL PD¿RVL
12
VRQRGLYHUVHWUDORURSHUFXLOHFRVFKHGL&RVDQRVWUDVRQRGLIIHUHQWLGDOOHތQGULQH GHOODތQGUDQJKHWDFKHDORURYROWDVLGLVWLQJXRQRGDLFODQGLFDPRUUD2'LIIHUHQ]H
FRQVLVWHQWLVLHYLGHQ]LDQRLQIDWWLDQFKHDOO¶LQWHUQRGLXQDVWHVVDPD¿DUHJLRQDOH GRYH YL VRQR JUXSSL GRWDWL GL XQ JUDQGH SRWHQ]LDOH PLOLWDUH FKH FRHVLVWRQR FRQ DOWULLQFDSDFLGLVSULJLRQDUHDQDORJDSRWHQ]DJUXSSLULFFKLHJUXSSLFKHWLUDQRD FDPSDUHJUXSSLLQVHULWLQHLFLUFXLWLLQWHUQD]LRQDOLGHOODGURJDHDOWULFKHQHVRQR GHOWXWWRHVFOXVLJUXSSLFKHJRGRQRGLFRQWDWWLSROLWLFLGLULOLHYRHJUXSSLFKHWDOL LQÀXHQWLUHOD]LRQLQRQKDQQRJUXSSLFKHULHVFRQRDGHVWRUFHUHGHQDURDLPSUHQ-GLWRULHFRPPHUFLDQWLFKHRSHUDQRVXXQGHOLPLWDWRWHUULWRULRHDOWULFKHQRQVRQR LQJUDGRGLRQRQVRQRLQWHUHVVDWLDIDUORJUXSSLFRQSURLH]LRQLQHO&HQWUR1RUG GHO3DHVHRDOO¶HVWHURHJUXSSLULQFKLXVLQHOORURID]]ROHWWRGLWHUUDPHULGLRQDOH ,QVRPPD XQD JUDQGH YDULHWj H PXWHYROH]]D FKH SHUz VSDULVFH QHOOH UDSSUHVHQ-WD]LRQLSXEEOLFKHGHOIHQRPHQRHSXUWURSSRFRPHVLQRWDYDDQFKHLQSLGLXQ ODYRURDFFDGHPLFR
8QD VWUDWHJLD GL DQDOLVL FKH FRQVHQWH GL HYLWDUH GL FDGHUH LQ TXHVWD WUDSSROD FRJQLWLYDSUHYHGHDOORUDGLVWXGLDUHOHPD¿HGDYLFLQRFLUFRVFULYHQGRLOSHULPHWUR GHOO¶HVSORUD]LRQHHPSLULFD&LzSXzHVVHUHIDWWRFRQFHQWUDQGRO¶DWWHQ]LRQHVXXQ VLQJRORWHUULWRULRRVXXQRVSHFL¿FRJUXSSRPD¿RVRRSSXUHVXXQ¶DWWLYLWjLOOHJDOH LQFXLWLSLFDPHQWHVRQRFRLQYROWHOHPD¿HLOUDFNHWGHOOHHVWRUVLRQLLOWUDI¿FRGL GURJDJOLRPLFLGLHFFRDQFRUDVXXQVHWWRUHGLDWWLYLWjIRUPDOPHQWHOHJDOHLQFXL VLUHJLVWUDODORURSUHVHQ]D4XHVWDULGX]LRQHGHOO¶HVWHQVLRQHGHOODSUHWHVDFRQRVFL-WLYDQRQHTXLYDOHDULQXQFLDUHDSURGXUUHIRUPHGLFRQRVFHQ]DFKHDPELVFDQRDG DYHUHXQDSRUWDWDJHQHUDOH$OFRQWUDULRSURSULRSHUFKpO¶RJJHWWRGLVWXGLRqLQVp SOXUDOHHYDULHJDWRTXHVWDVWUDWHJLDFRQVHQWHGLSDVVDUHLQUDVVHJQDHGLHVSORUDUH TXHVWRDPSLRYHQWDJOLRGLVLWXD]LRQLDFFRPXQDWHGDOO¶DVSHWWRPD¿RVR6RORVXOOD EDVHGLXQ¶DWWLYLWjGLULFHUFDFRVuFRQGRWWDVDUjSRVVLELOHLVRODUQHJOLDVSHWWLFRPXQL HJLXQJHUHGDXOWLPRDJHQHUDOL]]D]LRQLSRJJLDQWLVXVROLGHEDVLHPSLULFKH. $TXHVWDVWUDWHJLDGLULFHUFDqLVSLUDWRLOODYRURFKHTXLVLSUHVHQWD/¶DQDOLVL FRQWHQXWDQHOOHSURVVLPHSDJLQHULJXDUGDXQRVSHFL¿FRVHWWRUHGLDWWLYLWjHFRQR- PLFDLQXQ¶DUHDFLUFRVFULWWDGHO3DHVH6LqLQIDWWLVFHOWRGLFRQFHQWUDUHO¶DWWHQ]LR-QHVXOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDHDQFRUDSLLQSDUWLFRODUH QHOO¶DUHDGHO5HJJLDQR/HGRPDQGHGLULFHUFDFKHKDQQRRULHQWDWRLOODYRURVXO FDPSRQRQULJXDUGDQRWDQWRODFRQVLVWHQ]DHOHPRGDOLWjGHOOHLQ¿OWUD]LRQLPD¿R-VHFKHVRQRRELHWWLYLFRQRVFLWLYLWLSLFLVLDGHOODSURVSHWWLYDJLXGL]LDULDGLJXDUGDUH 26XOODFDPRUUDXQFRQWULEXWRFKHGHOLQHDLQPDQLHUDPROWRDFFXUDWDOHGLIIHUHQ]HWUDLGLYHUVLFODQHFKH SURSRQHXQDFKLDYHGLOHWWXUDRULJLQDOHVXOUDSSRUWRWUDJUXSSLHIDPLJOLHPD¿RVHqLOUHFHQWHYROXPHGL /XFLDQR%UDQFDFFLR ÊTXHVWDODVWUDWHJLDGLULFHUFDLPSLHJDWDGDXQJUXSSRGLVWXGLRVLFRRUGLQDWRGD6FLDUURQHFKHKDUHD-OL]]DWRXQDSULPDLQGDJLQHVXOUXRORGHLPD¿RVLQHOFDPSRGHOO¶HFRQRPLDIRUPDOPHQWHOHJDOHLQDOFXQH DUHHGHOOD6LFLOLDGHOOD&DODEULDHGHOOD&DPSDQLDLQWHUURJDQGRVLVXTXDOHVLDLOSRVWRRFFXSDWRGDLJUXS-SLFULPLQDOLQHOODSLDPSLDDUHDGHOO¶LOOHJDOLWjGH¿QLWD³DUHDJULJLD´6FLDUURQHD4XDOFKHDQQR SLWDUGLORVWHVVRJUXSSRGLULFHUFDFKHRJJLDQLPDLOLaboratorio di analisi e ricerca sulla criminali Wj RUJDQL]]DWD /$5&2 FRVWLWXLWR SUHVVR O¶8QLYHUVLWj GL 7RULQR KWWSZZZGFSVXQLWRLWGRKRPHSO 9LHZ"GRF ODUFRKWPOKDFRQGRWWRXQRVWXGLRVXLPHFFDQLVPLGLHVSDQVLRQHWHUULWRULDOHGHOOHPD¿HQHOOH UHJLRQLGHO&HQWUR1RUGGHOO¶,WDOLD6FLDUURQHD$TXHVWRXOWLPRVWXGLRHLQSDUWLFRODUHDOFDSLWROR FKHULFRVWUXLVFHOHRULJLQLHO¶HYROX]LRQHGHOO¶LQVHGLDPHQWRތQGUDQJKHWLVWDD5HJJLR(PLOLD0HWH FKH FRVWLWXLVFH LO TXDGUR QHO TXDOH VL FROORFD O¶DSSURIRQGLPHQWR VXOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR FRQWHQXWR LQ TXHVWR FRQWULEXWRVLIDUjVSHVVRULIHULPHQWRQHOOHSDJLQHVHJXHQWL
DOIHQRPHQRWHVDDOO¶LQGLYLGXD]LRQHGLUHVSRQVDELOLWjSHQDOLVLDGHOO¶DVVRFLD]LR- QLVPRDQWLPD¿DODFXLD]LRQHqYROWDDOODGHQXQFLDSLFKHDOO¶DQDOLVL$OFRQWUD-ULRLPSLHJDQGRDOFXQLVWUXPHQWLFRQFHWWXDOLHGHPSLULFLGHOOHVFLHQ]HVRFLDOLLQ TXHVWRFRQWULEXWRVLFHUFKHUjGLPHWWHUHLQOXFHDOFXQHLPSOLFD]LRQLGHOODSUHVHQ]D PD¿RVDQHOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR6LWHQWHUjGLFDSLUHTXDOLVLDQROHULFDGXWH GL WDOH SUHVHQ]D SHU L GLYHUVL DWWRUL LQ JLRFR GDOOH LPSUHVH GL DXWRWUDVSRUWR DL ODYRUDWRULGHOVHWWRUHDOODVLFXUH]]DSHUJOLDGGHWWLHLWHU]LLQJHQHUHDOOHPD¿H VWHVVH1HOIDUFLzVLSUHQGHUDQQRLQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHDQFKHDVSHWWLVROLWDPHQWHQRQ WHPDWL]]DWLQHOGLEDWWLWRSXEEOLFRHLQTXDOFKHPLVXUDFRQWURLQWXLWLYLRDGGLULWWX-UDVSLD]]DQWLULVSHWWRDOORVJXDUGRFRQVXHWRFKHVLKDVXOOHPD¿H&LVLFKLHGHUj SHUHVHPSLRVHODSUHVHQ]DGHOOHPD¿HQHOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRGLPLQXLVFD FRPH VROLWDPHQWH VL GLFH JOL VWDQGDUG GL VLFXUH]]D H GL TXDOLWj GHO FRQWHVWR OD-YRUDWLYRRSSXUHSDUDGRVVDOPHQWHOLPLJOLRUL3RWUHEEHLQIDWWLGDUVLFKHSURSULR SHUFKpLPD¿RVLVRQRSDUWLFRODUPHQWHYXOQHUDELOLDOO¶D]LRQHUHSUHVVLYDFRQGRWWD GDOOHDJHQ]LHGLFRQWUDVWRFKHQHLFRQIURQWLGHOOHPD¿HGLVSRQJRQRGLVWUXPHQWL PROWRSHQHWUDQWLHVVLVLDQRSDUWLFRODUPHQWHDWWHQWLDOODUHJRODULWjIRUPDOHGHOORUR RSHUDWRDWWULEXHQGRGLULWWLDLODYRUDWRULFKHDOWUHLPSUHVHQRQPD¿RVHQRQJDUDQ- WLVFRQR3HUFDSLUHFRPHVWDQQROHFRVHVXTXHVWRFRPHVXDOWULDVSHWWLGHOIHQR-PHQRqGXQTXHQHFHVVDULDXQ¶LQGDJLQHHPSLULFDUDYYLFLQDWDFKHYDGDDFHUFDUH OHLQIRUPD]LRQLODGGRYHqSRVVLELOHWURYDUOHQRQQHFHVVDULDPHQWHVROWDQWRQHOOH GLYHUVHSLHJKHGHOFDPSRGHOO¶DQWLPD¿D'DTXLODVFHOWDGLLQWHUYLVWDUHFRPHVL GLUjPHJOLRLQVHJXLWRWHVWLPRQLTXDOL¿FDWLGLGLYHUVDHVWUD]LRQHLVWLWX]LRQDOHH SURIHVVLRQDOHFKHRVVHUYDQRLOIHQRPHQRGDSXQWLGLYLVWDGLIIHUHQWL /¶DWWLYLWjGLULFHUFDKDSRLSURYDWRDPHWWHUHLQOXFHTXDOHVLDODVSHFL¿FLWjPD-¿RVDULVSHWWRDOOD³QRUPDOHLOOHJDOLWj´FKHVLUHJLVWUDLQTXHVWRFDPSRGLDWWLYLWj ,QYLDLSRWHWLFDLPD¿RVLSRWUHEEHURFRPSRUWDUVLHVDWWDPHQWHFRPHWXWWLJOLDOWUL DWWRULFKHSRSRODQRLOVHWWRUHSHUSHWUDQGRJOLVWHVVLDWWLLOOHJDOL,PD¿RVLSRLSR-WUHEEHURDSSUHQGHUHHIDUHSURSULHSUDWLFKHLOOHJDOLLQYHQWDWHGDDOWULVRJJHWWLQRQ PD¿RVL$OFRQWUDULRHVVLSRWUHEEHUR³LQVHJQDUH´DGDOWULVRJJHWWLWDOLSUDWLFKH LOOHJDOLIDFHQGROHGLIIRQGHUHQHOFDPSRGLDWWLYLWjHIDFHQGROHTXLQGLGLYHQWDUHXQ ³QRUPDOH´PHFFDQLVPRGLIXQ]LRQDPHQWRGLWDOHVHWWRUHHFRQRPLFRODYRUDWLYRH LPSUHQGLWRULDOH$QFKHLQTXHVWRFDVRqVRORODULFHUFDHPSLULFDFKHFRQVHQWHGL FKLDULUHTXHOFKHDFFDGHHYLWDQGRVWHUHRWLSLFRQFOXVLRQLDIIUHWWDWHHSUHJLXGL]LDOL VSLHJD]LRQLLQIRQGDWHRWDXWRORJLFKH 'DXOWLPRORVWXGLRFKHVLSUHVHQWDLQTXHVWRFDSLWRORPHWWHLQOXFHOHIXQ]LRQL HOHULFDGXWH³DQWLPD¿D´FKHSRVVRQRDYHUHDOFXQHSROLWLFKHSXEEOLFKHQRQHVSUHV- VDPHQWHSHQVDWHSHUFRQWUDVWDUHOHPD¿H6LWUDWWDGLSROLWLFKHSXEEOLFKHFKHSRV-VRQRHVVHUHFKLDPDWH³LPSOLFLWH´0HWHQHOVHQVRFKHLOORURLQWHQWR qLQWHUYHQLUHVXXQDVSHWWRSUREOHPDWLFRGHOODUHDOWjVHQ]DULIHULUVLHVSOLFLWDPHQWH DOOHPD¿H6RORSHUIDUHXQHVHPSLRSXzULWHQHUVLXQDSROLWLFDDQWLPD¿DLPSOLFLWD XQLQWHUYHQWRFRQWURO¶DEEDQGRQRVFRODVWLFRRSHUULPDQHUHVXTXDOFRVDSLYLFLQR 6HPEUHUHEEHTXHVWRLOFDVRGHOOHIDOVHIDWWXUD]LRQLFKHqXQDGHOOHSUDWLFKHFKHLVRJJHWWLULWHQXWLYLFLQL DLPD¿RVLSRQJRQRLQHVVHUHQHOFDPSRGHOO¶HGLOL]LDHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR$VRVWHQHUORqXQPDJLVWUDWR GHOOD3URFXUDGL5HJJLR(PLOLDLQWHUYLVWDWRQHOO¶DPELWRGHOODJLjFLWDWDULFHUFDVXOOHRULJLQLHO¶HYROX]LRQH GHOO¶LQVHGLDPHQWRFULPLQDOHGLSURYHQLHQ]DFXWUHVHLQ(PLOLD0HWH
DLWHPLGLTXHVWRFDSLWRORXQDPLVXUDFKHUHJRODPHQWLLQPDQLHUDSLVWULQJHQWH ODUHYLVLRQHGHJOLDXWRPH]]LDGLELWLDOWUDVSRUWRPHUFL,QVRPPDLOSXQWRqFKHOD ORWWDDOOHPD¿HQRQVLIDVROWDQWRFRQODQRUPDWLYDFRVLGGHWWDDQWLPD¿DPDVLID FRPEDWWHQGROH³RUGLQDULHLOOHJDOLWj´FKHSHUYDGRQRXQFDPSRGLDWWLYLWjHFKH SHUWDQWRDSURQR¿QHVWUHGLRSSRUWXQLWjSHULSURIHVVLRQLVWLGHOO¶LOOHJDOLWjTXDOLL PD¿RVLVRQR 3HULQTXDGUDUHDOPHJOLRLFRQWHQXWLHLULVXOWDWLGHOO¶DWWLYLWjGLULFHUFDSUHVHQ-WDWLLQPDQLHUDGHWWDJOLDWDQHOSDUVLqULWHQXWRRSSRUWXQRLOOXVWUDUHGDSSULPDOH GLYHUVHPRGDOLWjGLLQWHUD]LRQHFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DQRLUDSSRUWLWUDPD¿DHLPSUHQGL-WRULDSDU'LYHUVDPHQWHGDTXHOFKHFRPXQHPHQWHVLFUHGHJOLLPSUHQGLWRUL QRQVRQRVHPSUHHFRPXQTXHVXFFXELGHLPD¿RVLFRVuFRPHQRQVHPSUHLPD¿RVL TXDQGR DJLVFRQR LQ SURSULR FRPH LPSUHQGLWRUL PRVWUDQR GL DYHUH FRPSHWHQ]H LPSUHQGLWRULDOLHFFHOOHQWL1HOORVWHVVRSDUDJUDIRVLGDUjFRQWRGHOOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKH VSHFL¿FKHGHOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRFKHORUHQGRQRSDUWLFRODUPHQWHYXOQHUD-ELOHHDSSHWLELOHDOODSUHVHQ]DPD¿RVD3URSULRSHUFKpQHOODSURVSHWWLYDDGRWWDWD qLPSRUWDQWHVSHFL¿FDUHTXDOHVLDQROHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOJUXSSRPD¿RVRSUHVR LQ FRQVLGHUD]LRQH QHO WHU]R SDUDJUDIR VL WUDWWHJJHUj OD ¿VLRQRPLD GHL JUXSSL GL ތQGUDQJKHWDRSHUDQWLQHO5HJJLDQRIDFHQGRQHYHGHUHSXQWLGLIRU]DHGLGHEROH]]D HULÀHWWHQGRVXTXDOLXWLOLWjTXHVWRVSHFL¿FRJUXSSRSXzWUDUUHGDOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DX-WRWUDVSRUWR,Q¿QHQHOTXDUWRSDUDJUDIRVLSUHVHQWHUDQQRLSULQFLSDOLULVXOWDWLGHOOD ULFHUFDFRQGRWWDVXOFDPSRPHWWHQGRLQHYLGHQ]DOHPRGDOLWjFRQOHTXDOLOHPD¿H RSHUDQR QHO VHWWRUH GHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR /D GRPDQGD GL IRQGR FXL VL q FHUFDWR GL ULVSRQGHUHFRQTXHVWRVWXGLRqGXQTXHVHHVLVWRQRFRQGRWWHG¶D]LRQHSHFXOLDULGHL PD¿RVLULVSHWWRDGDOWUHIRUPHGLLOOHJDOLWjQRQPD¿RVHWLSLFKHGLTXHVWRVHWWRUH di attività.
2. Le mafie e l’autotrasporto
3HU FRPSUHQGHUH PHJOLR TXDOH VLD LO UXROR GHOOH PD¿H QHO VHWWRUH GHOO¶DXWR-WUDVSRUWR q SUHOLPLQDUPHQWH QHFHVVDULR DOODUJDUH LO FDPSR H LOOXVWUDUH OR VSD]LR FRQFHWWXDOHQHOTXDOHVLGHOLQHDQRLUDSSRUWLWUDPD¿DHLPSUHQGLWRULD$TXHVWR SURSRVLWRVHO¶LPPDJLQHSXEEOLFDHVWHUHRWLSDWDGLWDOLUDSSRUWLLQGLYLGXDQHOPD-¿RVRLOGRPLQXVGHOODUHOD]LRQHODULFHUFDHPSLULFDUHVWLWXLVFHXQTXDGURPROWRSL ULFFRGLVIXPDWXUH/DYLROHQ]DGLFXLLPD¿RVLVRQRVSHFLDOLVWLqLQIDWWLVRORXQD GHOOHULVRUVHGLFXLWHQHUFRQWRSHUFRPSUHQGHUHTXDOLVLDQRLUDSSRUWLGLIRU]DJOL LQWHUHVVLHOHXWLOLWjFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DQROHLQWHUD]LRQLWUDPD¿RVLHLPSUHQGLWRUL5L-IDFHQGRFLDGXQDFODVVL¿FD]LRQHGHOOHUHOD]LRQLWUDPD¿DHLPSUHQGLWRULDFKHSXz RUDPDLGH¿QLUVLFODVVLFDqSRVVLELOHGLVWLQJXHUHWUHWLSLSULQFLSDOLGLLPSUHQGLWRUL /DFODVVL¿FD]LRQHqVWDWDSURSRVWDGD6FLDUURQHFRPHHVLWRGLXQODYRURGLULFHUFDVXOFDPSRFRQGRWWR LQWRUQRDOODPHWjGHJOLDQQL¶QHOODSLDQDGL*LRLD7DXURLQ&DODEULD4XHVWDIRUPXOD]LRQHRULJLQDULDq VWDWDSRLULWHQXWDXWLOH±HGXQTXHULSUHVD±QRQVRORQHOO¶DPELWRGHOOHVFLHQ]HVRFLDOLPDDQFKHGDGLYHUVL RSHUDWRULGHOOHDJHQ]LHGLFRQWUDVWR/DVLULWURYDDQFKHLQDOFXQLGRFXPHQWLJLXGL]LDULHGLIRQWHLVWLWX-]LRQDOHHFRVWLWXLVFHXQHVHPSLRHYLGHQWHGHOPHFFDQLVPRFKHORVWHVVRDXWRUHKDSRLGH¿QLWR³FLUFRODULWj GHOOHIRQWL´;;,;3HUXQDGLVFXVVLRQHSLDPSLDHDFFXUDWDVXLUDSSRUWLWUDPD¿DHLPSUHQGLWRULD VLULPDQGDDOFDS,,GHOYROXPHDSSHQDFLWDWR
DORURYROWDDUWLFRODWLLQVRWWRWLSL
3DUWHQGR GDOOD FDWHJRULD FKH ID UHJLVWUDUH OD GLVWULEX]LRQH SL DVLPPHWULFD GL SRWHUH H GL VSD]LR GL D]LRQH ULVHUYDWR DJOL DWWRUL LQ FDPSR LO SULPR GL TXH- VWLWUHWLSLGLLPSUHQGLWRULqGH¿QLWR³VXERUGLQDWR´6HFRQGR6FLDUURQHDJOLLP-SUHQGLWRUL FKH ULFDGRQR LQ TXHVWD FDWHJRULD ³q LPSRVWD XQD SURWH]LRQH SDVVLYD HVVLVRQRDVVRJJHWWDWLDOODPD¿DDWWUDYHUVRXQUDSSRUWRQRQLQWHUDWWLYRIRQGDWR VXOO¶LQWLPLGD]LRQH R VXOOD SXUD FRHUFL]LRQH /H DWWLYLWj GL TXHVWL VRJJHWWL VRQR VRWWRSRVWH DO FRQWUROOR GHL PD¿RVL PHGLDQWH LO PHFFDQLVPR GHOOD HVWRUVLRQH SURWH]LRQH´ 3HU JOL LPSUHQGLWRUL VXERUGLQDWL FRQWLQXD 6FLDUURQH OD ³FRRSHUD]LRQH>FRLPD¿RVL@qTXDVLFRPSOHWDPHQWHIRQGDWDVXOODFRHUFL]LRQHVXO WLPRUHGLLQFRUUHUHLQVDQ]LRQL´Ibidem2OWUHDFLz³JOLLPSUHQGLWRULVXERU-GLQDWLWHQGRQRDRULHQWDUHLOSURSULRDJLUHDOO¶HVWHUQRLQPDQLHUDVWDWLFD,QTXDQWR IRUWHPHQWHYLQFRODWLGDOODSUHVHQ]DPD¿RVDVLVHQWRQRLPSHGLWLROLPLWDWLLQRJQL LQL]LDWLYDRLQTXDOVLYRJOLDHYROX]LRQHGHOODSURSULDDWWLYLWj´Ibidem,Q¿QHL PD¿RVLSUHWHQGRQRGDJOLLPSUHQGLWRULVXERUGLQDWLSUHVWD]LRQLGDOFRQWHQXWRVSHFL-¿FRFRPHDGHVHPSLRODPHUDHVWRUVLRQHSHULRGLFDHPRQHWDULDRO¶LPSRVL]LRQHGL IRUQLWXUH$ORURYROWDJOLLPSUHQGLWRULVXERUGLQDWLSRVVRQRDUWLFRODUVLLQGXHFD-WHJRULHJOL³RSSUHVVL´HL³GLSHQGHQWL´*OLRSSUHVVLVRQRFRORUR³FRQFXLODPD¿D LQWUDWWLHQHXQUDSSRUWRGLSXURGRPLQLRHVVLSDJDQRODSURWH]LRQHPD¿RVDVHQ]D ULFHYHUHLQFDPELRQXOODGLFRQFUHWRVHQRQXQDJDUDQ]LDSHUDOWURGHOWXWWRSURY-YLVRULDGLSRWHUVHPSOLFHPHQWHFRQWLQXDUHDVYROJHUHODSURSULDDWWLYLWj´Ibidem ,GLSHQGHQWLLQYHFH³QRQVRORGHYRQRSDJDUHODSURWH]LRQHDLPD¿RVLFRPH IDQQRJOLoppressiPDGHYRQRRWWHQHUHODORURDXWRUL]]D]LRQHSHUSRWHUVYROJHUHOD SURSULDDWWLYLWj3XUGRYHQGRSDJDUHHQWUDPELODSURWH]LRQHPD¿RVDJOLoppressi VRQRDXWRQRPLVXOPHUFDWRPHQWUHLdipendenti YHGRQRVHOH]LRQDWHOHRSSRUWXQLWj GLLPSUHVDGDOODPD¿D4XHVWLVRJJHWWLVYROJRQRLQIDWWLODSURSULDDWWLYLWjLQVHWWR-ULLQFXLVLFRQFHQWUDQRJUDQSDUWHGHJOLLQWHUHVVLPD¿RVLGHOOD]RQDFRPHLODYRUL SXEEOLFL3HUSRWHURSHUDUHLQTXHVWLVHWWRULqQHFHVVDULRRWWHQHUHLO©SHUPHVVRª GHOODPD¿D´Ibidem&RPHVLYHGHQHOUDSSRUWRFRQJOLLPSUHQGLWRULVXERU-GLQDWLLOFROWHOORGDOODSDUWHPDQLFRqQHOOHPDQLGHLPD¿RVL&LzqSDUWLFRODUPHQWH YHURLQTXHLFRQWHVWL±FRPHOD3LDQDGL*LRLD7DXURLQFXLO¶DXWRUHKDUHDOL]]DWROD VXDULFHUFD±DGDOWDLQWHQVLWjPD¿RVDODGGRYHVLUHDOL]]DFLRqXQIHUUHRFRQWUROOR GHOWHUULWRULRGDSDUWHGHLJUXSSLFULPLQDOL 5LVSHWWRDLUDSSRUWLFKHLQWUDWWHQJRQRFRLPD¿RVLXQDVHFRQGDFDWHJRULDGLLP-SUHQGLWRULqFRVWLWXLWDGDL³FROOXVL´7DOLVRJJHWWLVRQRGRWDWLGLULVRUVHGLYHUVHHSL DPSLHULVSHWWRDLVXERUGLQDWL&LzJOLFRQVHQWHGLLVWLWXLUH³FRQLPD¿RVLXQDFFRUGR DWWLYRGDOTXDOHGHULYDQRREEOLJKLUHFLSURFLGLFROODERUD]LRQHVFDPELRHOHDOWj,Q TXHVWRPRGRWUDPD¿RVLHLPSUHQGLWRULVLLQVWDXUDQRLQWHUD]LRQLUHFLSURFDPHQWH YDQWDJJLRVHIRQGDWHVXOFRQVHJXLPHQWRGLLQWHUHVVLFRPXQLRSSXUHVXOUDJJLXQ-JLPHQWRGLXQFRPSURPHVVRIUDSDUWQHUFKHKDQQRXWLOLWjHFRQYHQLHQ]HGLIIHUHQWL PDFRPSOHPHQWDUL´Ibidem$QFKHLFROOXVLSRVVRQRDUWLFRODUVLLQGXHVRW-WRFDWHJRULHGDXQODWRFLVRQRJOLLPSUHQGLWRUL³VWUXPHQWDOL´FKHVRQRGRWDWLGL LQJHQWLULVRUVHGLWLSRHFRQRPLFRWHFQLFRSROLWLFRRGLDOWURWLSRDQFRUDGDOO¶DOWUR FLVRQRJOLLPSUHQGLWRUL³FOLHQWL´FKHLQVWDXUDQRFRQLPD¿RVLUDSSRUWLGLVFDPELR
HFROODERUD]LRQHSLGXUDWXULHVWDELOLQHOWHPSR8QHVHPSLRGLLPSUHQGLWRULVWUX-
PHQWDOLqGDWRGDOOHJUDQGLLPSUHVHQD]LRQDOLFKHRSHUDQRQHOFDPSRGHOOHRSHUH SXEEOLFKHHFKHVLDJJLXGLFDQRDSSDOWLLQWHUUHGLPD¿DXQRSHUWXWWLLODYRULGL DPPRGHUQDPHQWRGHOO¶DXWRVWUDGD6DOHUQR5HJJLR&DODEULD0HWH5LPD-QHQGR VXOO¶HVHPSLR GL TXHVWD VWHVVD JUDQGH RSHUD SRVVRQR LQYHFH FRQVLGHUDUVL LPSUHQGLWRULFOLHQWLOHLPSUHVHORFDOLOHJDWHDOOHPD¿HFKHODYRUDQRLQVXEDSSDOWR ,Q¿QHXQDWHU]DFDWHJRULDGLLPSUHQGLWRULqFRVWLWXLWDGDJOLLPSUHQGLWRULPD¿R- VLSURSULDPHQWHGHWWL,QTXHVWRFDVRVLWUDWWDGLSHUVRQHDSSDUWHQHQWLDLJUXSSLFUL-PLQDOLFKHRSHUDQRQHLPHUFDWLOHJDOLVLDSHUJXDGDJQDUH³OHJDOPHQWH´VIUXWWDQGR LOSRWHUHFKHJOLGHULYDGDOODORURSRVL]LRQHVLDFRPHDWWLYLWjGLFRSHUWXUDYROWDDO UHLPSLHJRGLGHQDURSURYHQLHQWHGDLWUDI¿FLLOOHJDOL &RP¶qDJHYROHGHGXUUHGDTXHVWHEUHYLQRWHLOUDSSRUWRWUDPD¿RVLHLPSUHQGL-WRULSXzDVVXPHUHPRGDOLWjDQFKHPROWRGLIIHUHQWLWUDORURFKHYDULDQRGDOODPHUD HVWUD]LRQHGLULVRUVHPRQHWDULDIRQGDWDVXOODPLQDFFLDGHOULFRUVRDOODYLROHQ]D DOODFROODERUD]LRQHDWWLYDWUDLPSUHVHHPD¿RVL7DOHFROODERUD]LRQHGjJHQHUDO- PHQWHOXRJRDJLRFKLDVRPPDSRVLWLYDFLRqLQWHUD]LRQLLQJUDGRGLSURGXUUHXQ¶X-WLOLWjSHUWXWWLFRORURFKHSUHQGRQRSDUWHDOJLRFR$OULJXDUGRqSHUzGDSUHFLVDUH FKHGLYHUVDPHQWHGDTXHOFKHFRPXQHPHQWHVLFUHGHLQTXHVWLDFFRUGLFROOXVLYL QRQVHPSUHLPD¿RVLVRQRLVRJJHWWLGRPLQDQWL6RSUDWWXWWRTXDQGRODFRQWURSDUWH LPSUHQGLWRULDOHqGRWDWDGLJUDQGLULVRUVHFRPHQHOFDVRGHJOLLPSUHQGLWRULVWUX-PHQWDOLORVSD]LRGLD]LRQHGHLPD¿RVLSXzULGXUVLVHQVLELOPHQWHFRVuFRPHOD ULSDUWL]LRQHGHOOHXWLOLWjGHULYDQWLGDOO¶DFFRUGRRFFXOWR/HPD¿HGHOUHVWRVLPXR-YRQRLQXQ¶DUHDUHOD]LRQDOH¿WWDFKHVLFROORFDDFDYDOORWUDOHJDOLWjHLOOHJDOLWj HI¿FDFHPHQWHGH¿QLWD³DUHDJULJLD´6FLDUURQHE 6WDQWHTXHVWDDPSLDJDPPDGLUDSSRUWLHLQWHUD]LRQLWUDPD¿DHLPSUHQGLWRULD qDUGXRVWDELOLUHXQDYROWDSHUWXWWHTXDOHVLDLOUXRORGHLPD¿RVLLQVSHFL¿FLFDPSL GLDWWLYLWj8QVXSHUPHUFDWRSHUHVHPSLRSXzHVVHUHWDJOLHJJLDWRGDLPD¿RVLR SXz HVVHUH GL ORUR SURSULHWj *OL DSSDOWL H L VXEDSSDOWL SHU OH RSHUH SXEEOLFKH SRVVRQRHVVHUHDSSDQQDJJLRGLLPSUHVHPD¿RVHRGLJUDQGLLPSUHVHFKHWUDWWDQR FRQHVLWLYDULDELOLHLQFHUWLFRQLPD¿RVL$OORVWHVVRPRGRO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRFKH SXzHVVHUHXQFDPSRLQFXLLPD¿RVLLQYHVWRQRLQSURSULRGDOTXDOHHVWUDJJRQR ULVRUVHLQPDQLHUDSUHGDWRULDRFKHXVDQRVRORFRPHFDQDOHGLDWWLYLWjLOOHJDOLSHU ORVPDOWLPHQWRLOOHJDOLGLUL¿XWLRSHULOWUDI¿FRGLGURJDDGHVHPSLR6HOHJHQH-UDOL]]D]LRQLULVFKLDQRGLRIIULUHXQ¶LPPDJLQHGLVWRUWDHVHPSOLFLVWLFDGHLUDSSRUWL WUDPD¿DHLPSUHQGLWRULDSLVHQVDWDDSSDUHDOORUDO¶LQGLYLGXD]LRQHGLVHWWRULGL DWWLYLWjQHLTXDOLOHPD¿HJRGRQRGLVSD]LGLPDQRYUDSLDPSLULVSHWWRDGDOWUL FDPSLLPSUHQGLWRULDOL'LIDWWLSHULOORURIXQ]LRQDPHQWRHSHUOHULVRUVHHOHDELOLWj QHFHVVDULHSHURSHUDUHLQDOFXQLVHWWRULFHUWLFDPSLGLDWWLYLWjULVXOWDQRSLYXOQH-UDELOLGLDOWULDOO¶LQJHUHQ]DPD¿RVD6HQ]DHQWUDUHWURSSRQHLGHWWDJOLqSRVVLELOH VRVWHQHUHFKHFRPHHPHUJHGDOODJLjFLWDWDULFHUFDVXOUXRORGHLPD¿RVLQHOO¶HFR-QRPLDOHJDOH6FLDUURQHDLPD¿RVL³FRQWLQXDQRDSULYLOHJLDUHLQYHVWLPHQWL LQVHWWRUL©SURWHWWLªRVVLDOHJDWLDIRUPHGLUHJROD]LRQHSXEEOLFDFDUDWWHUL]]DWLGD FRQFRUUHQ]DULGRWWDHVSHVVRGDRSSRUWXQLWjGLDFTXLVL]LRQHGLUHQGLWH5LVXOWD TXLQGL IRUWHPHQWH ULGLPHQVLRQDWD O¶LPPDJLQH ± DPSLDPHQWH YHLFRODWD GDL PDVV PHGLD±GHLPD¿RVLFRPHRSHUDWRULHFRQRPLFLGDOOHVSLFFDWHFDSDFLWjLPSUHQGL-WRULDOLLQUHDOWjHVVLFRQWLQXDQRDIDUHDIIDULVRSUDWWXWWRQHLVHWWRULWUDGL]LRQDOLH DQFKHTXDQGRDOODUJDQRLOUDJJLRGLD]LRQHYHUVRVHWWRULSL©QXRYLªUDUDPHQWH
VL FRQWUDGGLVWLQJXRQR SHU SDUWLFRODUL DELOLWj PDQDJHULDOL WHFQLFKH R ¿QDQ]LDULH´ $VVRH7ULJLOLD;9,,
6H L PD¿RVL FRQWLQXDQR D IUHTXHQWDUH TXHL FDPSL GL DWWLYLWj HFRQRPLFD WUD-GL]LRQDOL FRQ EDVVH EDUULHUH DOO¶LQJUHVVR FKH QRQ QHFHVVLWDQR GL XQ SDUWLFRODUH
NQRZKRZQRQYRFDWHDOO¶H[SRUWHFRVuYLDDOORUDLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRq VHQ]DGXEELRXQFDPSRLQFXLHVVLSRVVRQRHQWUDUHDEEDVWDQ]DIDFLOPHQWH3HUWDQ-WRFRPHqVWDWRHI¿FDFHPHQWHQRWDWR³LOVHWWRUHGHLWUDVSRUWLqULWHQXWRGDOOHIRQWL JLXGL]LDULHHGDJOLVWXGLVXOWHPDXQRGHLSLLQ¿OWUDWLGDOODFULPLQDOLWjRUJDQL]]DWD DQFKHVHRFFRUUHFRQVLGHUDUHFKHVLWUDWWDGLXQVHWWRUHPROWRFRPSRVLWRGDOSXQ-WRGLYLVWDWHFQRORJLFRHRUJDQL]]DWLYRLQUHOD]LRQHDOODGLYHUVDVSHFLDOL]]D]LRQH H DOOD ¿OLHUD SURGXWWLYD LQ FXL VRQR LQVHULWH OH LPSUHVH )UDPPHQWD]LRQH EDVVH EDUULHUHDOO¶LQJUHVVRVXOSLDQRGHOOHFRPSHWHQ]HHGHLFDSLWDOLQHFHVVDULLQVXI¿- FLHQ]DHGLVFRQWLQXLWjQHLFRQWUROOLFRVWLWXLVFRQRFRQGL]LRQLIDYRUHYROLSHUO¶LQVHUL-PHQWRGLXQ¶LPSUHQGLWRULDRUJDQLFDDOODFULPLQDOLWjRUJDQL]]DWDRSHUODFUHD]LRQH GLUHWLFROLFROOXVLYLFRQODPD¿D´3DOLGGD/DVWHVVDDXWULFHSUHFLVD FKH³VLWUDWWDGLXQVHWWRUHFKHRIIUHRSSRUWXQLWjFULPLQDOLSHUODFLUFROD]LRQHGL FDSLWDOLLOOHFLWLWLSLFRLOFDVRGHOOHVRYUDIDWWXUD]LRQLGHLVHUYL]LGLWUDVSRUWRFKH QDVFRQGRQROHWDQJHQWLSDJDWHGDOOHLPSUHVHDOODPD¿DHGLPHUFHLOOHJDOHDUPLH GURJD%LVRJQDWXWWDYLDRVVHUYDUHFKHO¶LQQRYD]LRQHWHFQRORJLFDHRUJDQL]]DWLYD FKHKDLQYHVWLWRO¶DPELWRGHOWUDVSRUWRGHOIUHVFRGHLSURGRWWLLQGXVWULDOLHGHOWUD-VSRUWRYHORFHSRWUHEEHUHQGHUHTXHVWHDWWLYLWjPHQRSHUPHDELOLDOO¶LQÀXHQ]DGHOOD FULPLQDOLWjRUJDQL]]DWD´Ibidem
8Q XOWHULRUH SXQWR FKH PHULWD GL HVVHUH DIIURQWDWR D SURSRVLWR GHO QHVVR WUD PD¿D H DXWRWUDVSRUWR ULJXDUGD OD SHFXOLDUH YXOQHUDELOLWj GHO VHWWRUH DOOD YLROHQ-]D PD¿RVD *OL DXWRPH]]L LQIDWWL SULQFLSDOH VWUXPHQWR GL ODYRUR GHOOH LPSUHVH GLDXWRWUDVSRUWRVRQRGLI¿FLOPHQWHGLIHQGLELOLGDLGDQQHJJLDPHQWLFKHLPD¿RVL SRWUHEEHURPHWWHUHLQDWWRFRPHIRUPDGLSUHVVLRQHRGLULWRUVLRQH&RPHHEEHD GLUHXQLQYHVWLJDWRUHULSRUWDQGROHSDUROHGLXQLPSUHQGLWRUHLPSHJQDWRQHLODYRUL GL DPPRGHUQDPHQWR GHOO¶DXWRVWUDGD 6DOHUQR5HJJLR &DODEULD D SURSRVLWR GL XQ PH]]RGLFDQWLHUH³DPHXQD¿QLWULFHFRVWDGXHPLOLDUGL>GLOLUH@ORURFRQGXHPLOD OLUHGLEHQ]LQDPHODGLVWUXJJRQR´0HWH$FDXVDGHOODIDFLOLWjFRQOD TXDOHLPH]]LSRVVRQRHVVHUHFROSLWLFRQLQJHQWLGDQQLFKHPLQDFFLDQRODVRSUDY-YLYHQ]DVWHVVDGHOO¶LPSUHVDODYLROHQ]DGLVWUXWWLYDqXQDSUHVHQ]DFKHDOHJJLDVXO FDPSRGLDWWLYLWjFRQGL]LRQDQGRODFRQGRWWDGHLGLYHUVLDWWRULLQJLRFR&RPHYH-GUHPRQHOSURVVLPRSDUDJUDIRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDLURJKLGLFDPLRQVRQRHSLVRGL WXWW¶DOWURFKHLQIUHTXHQWL,QWRUQRDTXHVWLGDQQHJJLDPHQWLODWHPDWL]]D]LRQHGHOOD SUHVHQ]DHGHOO¶D]LRQHGHLPD¿RVLqVWDWDSLXWWRVWRLQWHQVD &RPHDOVROLWRGDWDTXHVWDDPSLDYDULDELOLWjGLVLWXD]LRQLLOFRQWHVWRWHUULWRULD- OHLQFXLVLUHDOL]]DQROHLQWHUD]LRQLWUDPD¿RVLHLPSUHQGLWRULQHOFDPSRGHOO¶DX-WRWUDVSRUWRFRQWDFRVuFRPHFRQWDQROHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOJUXSSRFULPLQDOHFKH LQWDOLDWWLYLWjVLLPSHJQD3HUWDOHPRWLYRQHOSDUDJUDIRFKHVHJXHVLIRUQLUjXQD GHVFUL]LRQHGHOFRQWHVWRORFDOHHFULPLQDOHLQFXLVLVLWXDO¶DQDOLVLUHODWLYDDOOHLQ-¿OWUD]LRQLPD¿RVHQHOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQD
3. Il gruppo criminale e l’importanza dell’autotrasporto
/¶HVSDQVLRQHWHUULWRULDOHGHOOHPD¿HQRQDYYLHQHQHOYXRWRPDqIRUWHPHQWH FRQGL]LRQDWDVLDGDOFRQWHVWRVRFLDOHHFRQRPLFRSROLWLFRHFXOWXUDOHGL³DSSURGR´ GHOOHPD¿HVLDGDOOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOJUXSSRFULPLQDOHFKHLQWDOLDUHHVLLQVWDOOD R FRQGXFH OH VXH DWWLYLWj 6HSSXU FRQ DFFHQWL GLYHUVL OD OHWWHUDWXUD VRFLRORJLFD KDPHVVRLQOXFHOHFRQGL]LRQLFKHIDFLOLWDQRLOUDGLFDPHQWRPD¿RVRLQDUHHSUL-PDHVHQWLGDWDOLSUHVHQ]H6FLDUURQHD9DUHVH'DOOD&KLHVD H 3DQ]DUDVD ,Q VLQWHVL D FRQWDUH VRQR VLD L IDWWRUL GL FRQWHVWR VLD TXHOOL GL DJHQ]LD7UD L SULPL q SRVVLELOH GLVWLQJXHUH TXHJOL DVSHWWL FKH DWWHQJRQR DOOD GLPHQVLRQHVRFLRHFRQRPLFDDTXHOODFXOWXUDOHHUHOD]LRQDOHDTXHOODSROLWLFDH LVWLWX]LRQDOH$ORURYROWDLIDWWRULGLDJHQ]LDSRVVRQRGLVWLQJXHUVLLQLQWHQ]LRQDOL HQRQLQWHQ]LRQDOL$TXHVWLYDQQRSRLDJJLXQWHOHVSHFL¿FKHFRPSHWHQ]HHULVRUVH GLFXLLOJUXSSRFKHVLVSRVWDqGRWDWRQRQFKpOHVXHUHWLVRFLDOLHODVXDVWUXWWXUD RUJDQL]]DWLYD.
$OOD OXFH GL TXHVWH FRQVLGHUD]LRQL SHU FDSLUH PHJOLR OH IXQ]LRQL VYROWH GDO VHWWRUH GHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR SHU OH PD¿H LQ (PLOLD5RPDJQD q GXQTXH RSSRUWXQR JXDUGDUHGDYLFLQRDOJUXSSRFULPLQDOHFKHDJLXGLFDUHGDOOHFURQDFKHJLXGL]LDULH QHJOLXOWLPLDQQLqVWDWRULWHQXWRHJHPRQHVXOWHUULWRULRUHJJLDQRHFKHqDQFKHDO FHQWURGHOSURFHVVR$HPLOLDDOTXDOHIDQQRULIHULPHQWRDOWULVDJJLGLTXHVWRYROX-PH3ULPDGLSDVVDUHDOODSUHVHQWD]LRQHSHUVRPPLFDSLGHOOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGL TXHVWRJUXSSRFULPLQDOHHGHOOHSRWHQ]LDOLWjFKHKDSHUHVVRLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUD-VSRUWRqRSSRUWXQRSUHFLVDUHFKHOHYLFHQGHFKHULJXDUGDQROHSUHVHQ]HPD¿RVH QHOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDQRQKDQQRFRPHXQLFLSURWDJR-QLVWLLFULPLQDOLSURYHQLHQWLGDOO¶DUHDGHO&URWRQHVH4XHVWDFRQVLGHUD]LRQHFKH SXzIRUVHDSSDULUHEDQDOHVJRPEUDLOFDPSRGDOO¶LGHDFKHHVLVWDQHO5HJJLDQRXQ PRQRSROLRGHOFRQWUROORGHOWHUULWRULRHGLDOFXQHDWWLYLWjLPSUHQGLWRULDOLGDSDUWH GLXQVLQJRORJUXSSRFULPLQDOH ,OJUXSSRFULPLQDOHLQTXHVWLRQHSURYLHQHGDOO¶DUHDGHOFURWRQHVHLQSDUWLFR-ODUHGDLFRPXQLGL&XWURHGL,VROD&DSR5L]]XWR1HO5HJJLDQRTXHVWRJUXSSRq SUHVHQWHFRQDOWHUQHYLFHQGHGDDOPHQRDQQL8QSULPRLPSRUWDQWHIDWWRUHGL FRQWHVWRGDPHQ]LRQDUHqODSUHVHQ]DGLFRQWHUUDQHLLPPLJUDWL&RPHSHULOVHWWRUH GHOO¶HGLOL]LDSXEEOLFDHSULYDWDLQFXLVRQRDWWLYLVLDPROWLLPSUHQGLWRULHODYRUDWRUL SURYHQLHQWLGDO&URWRQHVHVLDDOFXQHLPSUHVHULFRQGXFLELOLDOJUXSSRPD¿RVROD ³GLVSRQLELOLWj´GLFRQWHUUDQHLSXzFRVWLWXLUHXQHOHPHQWRFKHIDFLOLWDO¶D]LRQHGHL JUXSSLFULPLQDOLLQXQRVSHFL¿FRFDPSRGLDWWLYLWjÊLQIDWWLSLVHPSOLFHSHUL
,O PRGHOOR TXL VFKHPDWLFDPHQWH HVSRVWR q VWDWR HODERUDWR GD 6FLDUURQH E HG q XQR GHL IUXWWL GHOO¶DPSLDULFHUFDFRPSDUDWDVXLPHFFDQLVPLGLHVSDQVLRQHWHUULWRULDOHGHOOHPD¿HQHO&HQWUR1RUGSULPD ULFKLDPDWD6FLDUURQHD8QDSUHVHQWD]LRQHDUWLFRODWDGLTXHVWRPRGHOORqFRQWHQXWDQHOFRQWULEXWR GL*UD]LDQD&RULFDHGLFKLVFULYHLQTXHVWRVWHVVRYROXPH 3HUXQDULFRVWUX]LRQHGHOOHYLFHQGHFKHKDQQRFRQVHQWLWRLOUDGLFDPHQWRGHOODތQGULQDGL&XWURLQ(PL-OLD5RPDJQDVLULQYLDD0HWH3HUJOLDVSHWWLLQHUHQWLODFRPXQLWjFXWUHVHD5HJJLR(PLOLDqXWLOHOD OHWWXUDGHOYROXPHGL3LHWUR3DWWDFLQL6XJOLDVSHWWLSLSURSULDPHQWHOHJDWLDOOHYLFHQGHJLXGL]LDULH GLTXHVWRJUXSSRKDLQSDUWLFRODUPRGRFRQFHQWUDWRODVXDDWWHQ]LRQH(Q]R&LFRQWHFKHKDDOWUHVuWUDFFLDWR DSLULSUHVHXQSDQRUDPDFULPLQDOHGHOODUHJLRQH2OWUHDGLYHUVHULFRVWUX]LRQLJLRUQDOLVWLFKH RGLPDWULFHPRYLPHQWLVWDFKHHVVHQ]LDOPHQWHULSUHQGRQRHULFDOFDQROHIRQWLJLXGL]LDULHVXLFULPLQDOL FXWUHVLD5HJJLR(PLOLDVLVHJQDODLQ¿QHLOFRQWULEXWRGL*LRYDQQL9LJQDOL
PD¿RVLHVHUFLWDUHLOORURSRWHUHRFRPXQTXHHQWUDUHLQUHOD]LRQLGLVFDPELRFRQ SHUVRQHFKHULFRQRVFRQRODORUR³DXWRULWj´FULPLQDOH *OLLPPLJUDWLFRPSDHVDQLVRQRLPSRUWDQWLFRPHIDWWRUHGLFRQWHVWRSHUFKpHVVL VYROJRQRSHULFULPLQDOLXQDIXQ]LRQHGL³VSHFFKLR´6RORHVVLLQIDWWLDFDXVDGHO FRPXQHUHWURWHUUDFRQRVFRQRODUHSXWD]LRQHFULPLQDOHGHLPD¿RVL9DGDVpFKH GLYHUVDPHQWHGDLFLWWDGLQLHPLOLDQLHGDJOLLPPLJUDWLSURYHQLHQWLGDDOWUHDUHHGHO 0HULGLRQHG¶,WDOLDJOLLPPLJUDWLGHO&URWRQHVHVRQROHSULPHYLWWLPHGHLPD¿RVL RSHUDQWLQHO5HJJLDQR1HLORURFRQIURQWLVLFRQFHQWUDQROHHVWRUVLRQLFKHDVVXPR-QRTXDVLXQDFRQQRWD]LRQH³HWQLFD´&LzqGRYXWRQRQWDQWRDOODFRPXQHDGHVLRQH DFRGLFLFXOWXUDOLRPHUWRVLGLHVWRUWRULHGHVWRUWLTXDQWRDOODYXOQHUDELOLWjVWUXWWX-UDOHGHJOLLPSUHQGLWRULLPPLJUDWLFKHLQ&DODEULDGRYHLOJUXSSRFULPLQDOHHVHUFLWD XQIHUUHRFRQWUROORGHOWHUULWRULRHGqFDSDFHGLULFRUUHUHDOODYLROHQ]DFRQWURFRVH HSHUVRQHPDQWHQJRQRLQWHUHVVLPDWHULDOLHOHJDPLDIIHWWLYL
/¶HVLVWHQ]D GL XQ ¿RUHQWH FDPSR GL DWWLYLWj OHJDWR DOO¶HGLOL]LD q XQ VHFRQGR IDWWRUH GL FRQWHVWR GD SUHQGHUH LQ FRQVLGHUD]LRQH ,O VHWWRUH GHOOH FRVWUX]LRQL q LQIDWWLVWUHWWDPHQWHOHJDWRDOPRYLPHQWRWHUUDHSLLQJHQHUDOHDOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR 3HUWDQWRFRPHVLYHGUjPHJOLRQHOSURVVLPRSDUDJUDIRLPD¿RVLFKHRSHUDQRQHO FDPSRGHOO¶HGLOL]LDHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRVRQRULFKLDPDWLLQTXHVWDDUHDLQDOFXQH VSHFL¿FKH FLUFRVWDQ]H FKH FRLQFLGRQR FRQ XQ¶HVSDQVLRQH GL TXHVWL VHWWRUL GL DW-WLYLWjFRPHDGHVHPSLRLODYRULSHUODFRVWUX]LRQHGHOODOLQHDIHUURYLDULDDGDOWD YHORFLWjFKHKDQQRLQWHUHVVDWRO¶DUHDGHO3DUPHQVHHGHO5HJJLDQRDJOLLQL]LGHJOL DQQL'XHPLOD 8QWHU]RIDWWRUHGDFRQVLGHUDUHSHUFDSLUHOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOJUXSSRFULPLQD-OHHOHVSHFL¿FLWjGHOEXVLQHVVGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRULJXDUGDODFRQQHVVLRQHHVLVWHQWH WUDDWWLYLWjLOOHJDOLHTXHOOHIRUPDOPHQWHOHJDOL)LQGDOODPHWjGHJOLDQQL6HWWDQWD LQIDWWLLJUXSSLFULPLQDOLFXWUHVLVRQRDWWLYLQHOFDPSRGHOWUDI¿FRGHJOLVWXSHID-FHQWLFKHJHQHUDXQÀXVVRGLGHQDURFKHQHFHVVLWDSRLGLHVVHUHUHLQYHVWLWR3HUOH ORURFDUDWWHULVWLFKHVWUXWWXUDOLLQSDUWHSUHVHQWDWHLQSUHFHGHQ]DLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶HGL-OL]LDHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRVRQRDPELWLQHLTXDOLqSRVVLELOHFRQGXUUHFRQXQDFHUWD IDFLOLWjOHRSHUD]LRQLGLUHLPSLHJRGHOGHQDURVSRUFR $OWUHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOJUXSSRFULPLQDOHFKHqRSSRUWXQRSUHVHQWDUHSHUFRP-SUHQGHUHPHJOLROHGLQDPLFKHFKHVLHVSOLFDQRLQWRUQRDOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR ULJXDUGDQROHULVRUVHGLFXLLPD¿RVLVHPEUDQRGLVSRUUH7UDTXHVWHYLqLQSULPR OXRJRODSRVVLELOLWjGLULFRUUHUHDOODYLROHQ]D'LYHUVLVRQRVWDWLLQIDWWLJOLHSLVRGL GLVDQJXHFKH¿QGDOOHRULJLQLGHOO¶LQVHGLDPHQWRFULPLQDOHLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQD GXQTXH¿QGDOODVHFRQGDPHWjGHJOLDQQL6HWWDQWDKDQQRDYXWRFRPHWHDWURVLDLO 5HJJLDQRVLDDOWUHDUHHGHOOH3HQLVRODSULPRWUDWXWWLFRP¶qRYYLRLO&URWRQHVH 2PLFLGLFRPHHVLWRGLXQDYLROHQWDHVWULVFLDQWHIDLGDLQWHUQDPDDQFKHSHVWDJJLD VFRSRLQWLPLGDWRULRHGDQQLDEHQLLPPRELOLHDVWUXPHQWLGLODYRURLQFHQGLGLHGL-¿FLGLPH]]LGLFDQWLHUHGLDXWRPH]]L'DTXHVWRSXQWRGLYLVWDFRPHVLqQRWDWR LOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRqSDUWLFRODUPHQWHYXOQHUDELOHDOOHD]LRQLLQWLPLGDWRULH SHUFKp JOL DXWRPH]]L SRVVRQR HVVHUH IDFLOPHQWH GDQQHJJLDWL H JOL DXWLVWL DOWUHW-WDQWRIDFLOPHQWHHVSRVWLDULWRUVLRQLHPLQDFFHQHOORVYROJLPHQWRGHOORURODYRUR , FULPLQDOL FXWUHVL LQROWUH GD TXHO FKH HPHUJH GDO SURFHVVR$HPLOLD KDQQR OD FDSDFLWjGLWHVVHUHUHOD]LRQLFRQVRJJHWWLEHQLQVHULWLQHOPRQGRGHOOHSURIHVVLRQL
GHOO¶LPSUHQGLWRULDHGHOODSROLWLFDORFDOH'LVSRQJRQRGXQTXHGLXQDEXRQDUHWH GLUHOD]LRQLFKHqVHQ]¶DOWURXWLOHSHUSRUWDUHDYDQWLXQODYRURVWUHWWDPHQWHOHJDWR DOWHUULWRULR ,Q¿QHXQDFDUDWWHULVWLFDGHOJUXSSRFULPLQDOHFXWUHVH±FRPXQHDPROWLDOWUL DWWLYLLQWHUULWRULGLQXRYDHVSDQVLRQHPD¿RVDPDFKHQRQSXzGDUVLSHUVFRQWD-WR±qGLHVVHUHXQJUXSSRFKHRSHUDFRQWHVWXDOPHQWHLQGXHRSLDUHHTXHOOD GLRULJLQHHTXHOODGLHVSDQVLRQH,O¿ORFKHOHJDTXHVWLWHUULWRULqPROWRVWUHWWRH QRQqSRVVLELOHFRPSUHQGHUHTXHOFKHVXFFHGHD5HJJLR(PLOLDVHQ]DFDSLUHFLz FKHDFFDGHLQ&DODEULD/DFKLDYHGLOHWWXUDSHUzQRQqXQLGLUH]LRQDOHYLVWRFKH FLzFKHDFFDGHQHLWHUULWRULGLQXRYDHVSDQVLRQHqULOHYDQWHVSHVVRFUXFLDOHSHU JOLHTXLOLEULFULPLQDOLLQ&DODEULD'DTXHVWRSXQWRGLYLVWDO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRqXQ VHWWRUHSDUWLFRODUPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHSHUXQDVWUXWWXUDFULPLQDOHFKHKDXQ¶RUJDQL]-]D]LRQHEDVDWDVXSLFHQWULJHRJUD¿FL,FDPLRQFRVuFRPHLSXOOPDQFKHIDQQR TXRWLGLDQDPHQWHODVSRODWUD6XGH1RUGSRVVRQRHVVHUHXVDWL±HGLIDWWRORVRQR FRPHVLYHGUj±FRPHFRUULHULSHULOWUDI¿FRGLGURJDHGLDUPLRDQFKHSHUWUDVSRU-WDUHSHUVRQHFRPHLODWLWDQWLFKHDOWULFDQDOLQRQSRVVRQRXVDUH 4. Il caso studio ,OFDVRVWXGLRFKHVLSUHVHQWDLQTXHVWRSDUDJUDIRVLEDVDVXOODFRQVXOWD]LRQH GLDWWLJLXGL]LDULVXOORVSRJOLRGHJOLDUWLFROLGLVWDPSDHVXXQDVHULHGLLQWHUYLVWH DWHVWLPRQLTXDOL¿FDWL/¶DWWLYLWjGLULFHUFDqVWDWDYROWDLQSULPROXRJRDFKLDULUH TXDOLVLDQROHIRUPHGLIIXVHGLLOOHJDOLWjFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DQRLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUD-VSRUWRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDHDOO¶LQWHUQRGLTXHVWRTXDGURTXDOHVLD±QHOFDVRFH QHVLDXQD±ODVSHFL¿FLWjPD¿RVDGLTXHVWDLOOHJDOLWj,OSXQWRGLYLVWDDGRWWDWR GXQTXHQRQDVVXPHSUHJLXGL]LDOPHQWHFKHLPD¿RVLVLDQRQHFHVVDULDPHQWHODFDX-VDGHOOHLOOHJDOLWjFKHVLPDQLIHVWDQRLQTXHVWRVHWWRUHGLDWWLYLWjPDDGRWWDQGROD SURVSHWWLYDGHOO¶DUHDJULJLDVRSUDULFKLDPDWDYDDOODULFHUFDGHOUXRORRFFXSDWRGDL PD¿RVLQHOODSLDPSLDUHWHGLVRJJHWWLFKHVLPXRYRQRDFDYDOORWUDPRQGROHJDOH 8QHVHPSLRGDYYHURLOOXPLQDQWHVXOO¶LPSRUWDQ]DGLTXHOFKHDFFDGHQHOOHDUHHGLHVSDQVLRQHWHUULWRULDOH GHOOHPD¿HULVSHWWRDJOLHTXLOLEULQHOOH]RQHGLRULJLQHqFRVWLWXLWRGDOO¶RPLFLGLRGL$QWRQLR'UDJRQHYHF-FKLRFDSRGHOJUXSSRDYYHQXWRD&XWURQHO'UDJRQHGRSRXQDOXQJDGHWHQ]LRQHWRUQDLQOLEHUWjQHO HKDQHFHVVLWjGLULRUJDQL]]DUHODVXDID]LRQHSHUULFRQTXLVWDUHO¶HJHPRQLDGHOJUXSSRFULPLQDOH/D JXHUUDWUDOHGLYHUVHDQLPHGHOJUXSSRULFKLHGHSHUzULVRUVHSHUGRWDUVLGLDUPLGLPH]]LHLQ¿VVLEOLQGDWL SHUDVVLFXUDUVLODIHGHOWjGHJOLXRPLQLÊFRVuFKHLOYHFFKLRERVVLQYLDXQVXRHPLVVDULRLQ(PLOLDSHU IDUHXQDFROOHWWDGDGHVWLQDUHDO¿QDQ]LDPHQWRGHOOHDWWLYLWjPLOLWDULGHOODVXDID]LRQHLQ&DODEULDGDFXL GLSHQGRQRLIXWXULHTXLOLEULFULPLQDOL0HWH±6XOIURQWHRSSRVWRVHFRQGROHGLFKLDUD]LRQL GLXQFROODERUDWRUHGLJLXVWL]LDFKHKDWHVWLPRQLDWRQHOSURFHVVR³$HPLOLD´DQFKHO¶RPLFLGLR'UDJRQH IX¿QDQ]LDWRJUD]LHDLVROGLUDFFROWLLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDKWWSJD]]HWWDGLUHJJLRJHORFDOLWUHJJLRFURQD-FDQHZVGDTXLVL¿QDQ]LRORPLFLGLRGLGUDJRQH /DULFHUFDVLqVYROWDWUDODPHWjGHOHO¶DXWXQQRGHO2OWUHDOORVSRJOLRGHOODVWDPSDHDOOD FRQVXOWD]LRQHGLDWWLJLXGL]LDULO¶DWWLYLWjVXOFDPSRqFRQVLVWLWDLQXQDFDPSDJQDGLLQWHUYLVWHDWHVWLPRQL TXDOL¿FDWL RSHUDQWL D 5HJJLR (PLOLD ,Q SDUWLFRODUH LQ IDVL GLYHUVH GHOOD ULFHUFD VRQR VWDWL LQWHUYLVWDWL GXHLQYHVWLJDWRULDSSDUWHQHQWLDUHSDUWLGHOOH)RU]HGHOO¶RUGLQHVSHFLDOL]]DWLQHOFRQWUDVWRDOODFULPLQDOLWj PD¿RVDXQ¶HVSRQHQWHGHOOD3ROL]LD6WUDGDOHGXHIXQ]LRQDULGHOOD'LUH]LRQH3URYLQFLDOHGHO/DYRURXQD JLRUQDOLVWDXQ¶HVSRQHQWHGHOO¶DVVRFLD]LRQLVPRGDWRULDOHPROWRDWWLYRVXOIURQWHGHOODGHQXQFLDDOOHLQ¿O-WUD]LRQLPD¿RVHQHOO¶HFRQRPLD5HJJLDQDGLYHUVLVLQGDFDOLVWLQHOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRFRQLTXDOLq VWDWRUHDOL]]DWRXQIRFXVJURXSWHPDWLFRXQDSHUVRQDLQ&DODEULDFKHKDXQDFRQRVFHQ]DGLUHWWDGLDOFXQL SURWDJRQLVWLGHOOHYLFHQGHQDUUDWH
21 HPRQGRLOOHJDOH 8QSXQWRSUHOLPLQDUHFKHPHULWDXQDFHUWDDWWHQ]LRQHDO¿QHGLHYLWDUHHTXL- YRFLQHOODWUDWWD]LRQHqFRVDVLGHEEDLQWHQGHUHSHU³PD¿RVL´6LWUDWWDHYLGHQWH-PHQWHGLXQSUREOHPDPROWRDPSLRFKHULJXDUGDO¶DQQRVRHLUULVROWRSUREOHPDGHL ³FRQ¿QL´HGHO³ULFRQRVFLPHQWR´GHOOHPD¿H6FLDUURQHE6DQWRUR GLFRVDLQPDQLHUDVWLSXODWLYDPHWWLDPR³GHQWUR´LOFRQFHWWRGLPD¿DHFRVDDO FRQWUDULRGHFLGLDPRGLODVFLDUH³IXRUL´DQFKHQHLFDVLLQFXLLO³IXRUL´VLDFRPXQ- TXHXQIHQRPHQRLOOHJDOH6HPSOL¿FDQGRXQWHPDFKHPHULWHUHEEHXQDWUDWWD]LR-QH PROWR SL DPSLD H DSSURIRQGLWD DXVSLFDELOPHQWH GL QDWXUD LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUH DLQRVWUL¿QLSRVVLDPRLQGLYLGXDUHTXDWWURDFFH]LRQLSULQFLSDOLGLPD¿RVL4XHVWL TXDWWURWLSLSRVVRQRULFDYDUVLSUHQGHQGRLQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHGXHGLPHQVLRQLTXHOOD JLXGL]LDULDHTXHOODGHOO¶LGHQWLWjLQGLYLGXDOH/DSULPDULPDQGDDOODFROSHYROH]]D SURYDWDLQWULEXQDOHFRQXQDVHQWHQ]DSDVVDWDLQJLXGLFDWRGHOUHDWRGLDVVRFLD-]LRQHPD¿RVDGLFXLDOO¶DUWELVGHO&RGLFHSHQDOH/DVHFRQGDGLPHQVLRQHID ULIHULPHQWRDOODFRQVDSHYROH]]DVRJJHWWLYDGLIDUSDUWHGLXQ¶DVVRFLD]LRQHPD¿RVD 4XLQGLODSULPDFRQGL]LRQHqIDFLOPHQWHDFFHUWDELOHEDVWDFRQVXOWDUHODIHGLQDSH-QDOHODVHFRQGDqSLLQVLGLRVDVXOSLDQRHPSLULFRPDFRQFHWWXDOPHQWHFRPXQTXH FKLDUDHVLULFDYDGDOODULVSRVWDFKHO¶LQGLYLGXRVLGjDOODGRPDQGD³PLVHQWRR QRQPLVHQWRPD¿RVR"´TXDOXQTXHFRVDYRJOLDSHUOXLGLUH³HVVHUHPD¿RVR´ 6HVLLQFURFLDQRTXHVWHGXHYDULDELOLGLFRWRPLFKHVLRWWHQJRQRTXDWWURWLSLGL PD¿RVL FLRq GL SUR¿OL GL SHUVRQH FKH VRJJHWWL GLYHUVL PDJLVWUDWL VWXGLRVL LP-SUHQGLWRULJLRUQDOLVWLSROLWLFLPD¿RVLVWHVVLFKLDPDQRDELWXDOPHQWH³PD¿RVL´,O SULPRGLTXHVWLTXDWWURWLSLqFRVWLWXLWRGDL³PD¿RVLSURSULDPHQWHGHWWL´FKHVRQR FRORURFKHVLVHQWRQRPD¿RVLVXOSLDQRLGHQWLWDULR±HFKHPDJDULVLULFRQRVFRQR O¶XQO¶DOWURFRPHPD¿RVL±HFKHDOORVWHVVRWHPSRVRQRVWDWLFRQGDQQDWLLQYLD GH¿QLWLYDSHULOUHDWRGLDVVRFLD]LRQHPD¿RVD *OLDSSDUWHQHQWLDJUXSSLULFRQR-VFLXWLGHOOHPD¿HWUDGL]LRQDOLPDJDULULWXDOPHQWHDI¿OLDWLFKHLQFDSSDQRDQFKH QHOOHPDJOLHGHOODJLXVWL]LDULPHGLDQGRXQDFRQGDQQDGH¿QLWLYDVRQRXQHVHPSLR GLTXHVWRSULPRWLSRGLPD¿RVL $ULJRUHqOHJLWWLPRFKLDPDUHXJXDOPHQWH³PD¿RVL´DQFKHFRORURFKHSXUQRQ SHUFHSHQGRVLWDOLVRQRFRQGDQQDWLSHULOUHDWRGLDVVRFLD]LRQHPD¿RVD*OLDSSDU-WHQHQWLDTXHVWRVHFRQGRWLSRGHOODWLSRORJLDTXLSURSRVWDSRVVRQRHVVHUHGHVFULWWL FRQ O¶HWLFKHWWD GL ³PD¿RVL JLXGL]LDUL´ 8Q HVHPSLR q FRVWLWXLWR GD TXHOOH EDQGH SURYHQLHQWL H RSHUDQWL DO GL IXRUL GHOOH UHJLRQL D WUDGL]LRQDOH SUHVHQ]D PD¿RVD FRQGDQQDWHLQWULEXQDOHSHULOUHDWRGLELVFRPHODPD¿DGHO%UHQWD0D¿R-VLJLXGL]LDULVDUHEEHURDQFKHDOFXQLSURWDJRQLVWLGHOO¶LQGDJLQHVX0D¿D&DSLWDOH FRPH6DOYDWRUH%X]]LH0DVVLPR&DUPLQDWLVHO¶LWHUJLXGL]LDULRDORURFDULFRVL FRQFOXGHVVHFRQXQDFRQGDQQDGH¿QLWLYDSHUELV /HSHUVRQHFKHQRQVLVHQWRQRPD¿RVHQHOVHQVRGHOODFRQVDSHYROH]]DVRJJHW-WLYDGLDSSDUWHQHUHDGXQJUXSSRPD¿RVRQpVRQRFRQVLGHUDWHWDOLGDXQDVHQWHQ]D 6LSRWUHEEHGLVFXWHUHPDVLULPDQGDO¶DSSURIRQGLPHQWRDGDOWUDHSLRSSRUWXQDVHGHFRPHFRQVLGHUDUH LQTXHVWRVSD]LRWLSRORJLFRFKLqVWDWRFRQGDQQDWRLQYLDGH¿QLWLYDSHUFRQFRUVRHVWHUQRDOO¶DVVRFLD]LRQH PD¿RVDRSHUO¶DUWGHOGODJJUDYDQWHGHOPHWRGRPD¿RVR3UREDELOPHQWHSRWUHEEHURHQ-WUDPELDQGDUHQHOODFDWHJRULDGHLPD¿RVLFRQWURYHUVL,QRJQLFDVRqRSSRUWXQRVRWWROLQHDUHFKHO¶XWLOLWj GLXQDWLSRORJLDULVLHGHHVVHQ]LDOPHQWHQHOODVXDSRWHQ]LDOLWjHXULVWLFDQRQWDQWRQHOODFDSDFLWjGLFRSULUH WXWWHOHVIDFFHWWDWXUHGHOIHQRPHQR0DUUDGLH5RGRO¿
22
GLWULEXQDOHFRVWLWXLVFRQRODFDWHJRULDGHL³QRQPD¿RVL´4XHVWRWHU]RWLSRGHOODWL- SRORJLDSXzDVXDYROWDHVVHUHVFLVVRLQGXHSDUWLGDXQODWRL³QRQPD¿RVLSURSULD-PHQWH GHWWL´ GDOO¶DOWUR L ³PD¿RVLFRQWURYHUVL´ 'LTXHVW¶XOWLPD FDWHJRULDIDQQR SDUWHWXWWLFRORURODFXLPD¿RVLWjqVRVWHQXWDGDOOHDJHQ]LHGLFRQWUDVWRPDVHQ]D FKHFLzVIRFLLQXQDFRQGDQQDSHUELVRSSXUHSXEEOLFDPHQWHGDDOWULVRJJHWWL GHOODVRFLHWjFLYLOHFRPHLOPRYLPHQWRDQWLPD¿DLJLRUQDOLVWLRDQFKHDYYHUVDUL SROLWLFLRHFRQRPLFLSHUYLDGHOODYLFLQDQ]DGLTXHVWLVRJJHWWLDPD¿RVLFRQFODPD-WLFRPHL³SURSULDPHQWHGHWWL´5LHQWUHUHEEHURGXQTXHLQTXHVWDVRWWRFDWHJRULDJOL LQGDJDWLVHUHVLQRWLJOLLPSXWDWLHLFRQGDQQDWLLQYLDQRQGH¿QLWLYDSHULOUHDWR GLDVVRFLD]LRQHPD¿RVDFKHQRQVLUHSXWDQRPD¿RVL%X]]LH&DUPLQDWLSHUUHVWDUH DOO¶HVHPSLRVRSUDFLWDWRDWWXDOPHQWHFRQGDQQDWLLQDSSHOORSHULOUHDWRGLDVVRFLD-]LRQHPD¿RVDSRWUHEEHURHVVHUHULFRPSUHVLLQTXHVWRWLSRGLPD¿RVL6RQRGD FRQVLGHUDUVL³PD¿RVLFRQWURYHUVL´DQFKHTXHOOHSHUVRQHVSHVVRGLRULJLQHFDODEUH-VHFDPSDQDRVLFLOLDQDFKHVRQRSDUHQWLODYRUDQRRKDQQRFRPXQTXHDFKHIDUH FRQLPD¿RVLSURSULDPHQWHGHWWLHFKHDFDXVDGLTXHVWDYLFLQDQ]DQHOGLEDWWLWR SXEEOLFRVRQRFRPXQTXHGH¿QLWL³PD¿RVL´7UDTXHVWLDQFKHLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQD ULWURYLDPRDOFXQLGHVWLQDWDULGLLQWHUGLWWLYHDQWLPD¿DRGLDOWULSURYYHGLPHQWLDQWL-PD¿DGLQDWXUDSUHYHQWLYDFRPHORVFLRJOLPHQWRGHOO¶$PPLQLVWUD]LRQHFRPXQDOH GL%UHVFHOOR$OFDOLQL ,Q¿QHXQDTXDUWDFDWHJRULDGLPD¿RVLFKHSRVVLDPRFKLDPDUH³LGHQWLWDUL´q FRVWLWXLWDGDSHUVRQHFKHVLSHUFHSLVFRQRHGH¿QLVFRQRFRPHDSSDUWHQHQWLDJUXS-SLFULPLQDOLHFKHQHFRQGLYLGRQRSUDWLFKHHUHJROHPDPDOJUDGRFLzQRQVRQR FRQGDQQDWHSHULOUHDWRGLDVVRFLD]LRQHPD¿RVDÊLOFDVRGLDOFXQHSHUVRQHSUR-YHQLHQWLGDOOD&DODEULDFKHLQ/LJXULD3LHPRQWHH/RPEDUGLDSDVVDQRJLRUQDWH LQWHUHDGLVFXWHUHGLPDDYROWHDQFKHDIDUHULWLGLDI¿OLD]LRQLGLGRWLHFDULFKH GLތQGUDQJKHWDPDQHLFRQIURQWLGHLTXDOLLQ7ULEXQDOHLQPDQFDQ]DGLUHDWL¿QH O¶DSSOLFDELOLWjGHOO¶DUWELVULVXOWDSUREOHPDWLFDHIRQWHGLFRQWURYHUVLHLQWHU-SUHWDWLYHWUDJOLVWHVVLPDJLVWUDWLHQHOODGRWWULQDJLXULGLFD9LVFRQWLÊ DOWUHVuLOFDVRGLSHUVRQHFKHQHOOH]RQHDSLDOWDGHQVLWjFULPLQDOHGHOOD&DODEULD SXUDSSDUWHQHQGRDIDPLJOLHQRWRULDPHQWHULWHQXWHPD¿RVHHFKHTXLQGLFRQRJQL SUREDELOLWjVLVHQWRQRHVVLVWHVVLPD¿RVLQRQVRQRSRLFRQGDQQDWHSHUDVVRFLD-]LRQHPD¿RVD11,Q¿QHULHQWUDQRLQTXHVWDFDWHJRULDGLPD¿RVLDQFKHFRORURFKH IDQQRVRFLRORJLFDPHQWHSDUWHGLJUXSSLPD¿RVLPDQRQVRQRPDLVWDWLFRQGDQQDWL SHULOUHDWRGLFXLDOO¶DUWELVRSSXUHSXUHVVHQGRVWDWLFRQGDQQDWLSHUDVVRFLD-]LRQHPD¿RVDKDQQRVFRQWDWRSHULQWHURODSHQDFKLXGHQGRLFRQWLFRQODJLXVWL]LD HVPHWWHQGRGXQTXHGLHVVHUHPD¿RVLDOPHQRVXOSLDQRJLXULGLFR12. 113HUXOWHULRULGHWWDJOLVLYHGDKWWSZZZJD]]HWWDGHOVXGLWQHZVFDWDQ]DURFURWRQHYLERODPH]LD FODQPDQFXVRFRQGRWWHFULPLQDOLPDQRQXQDFRVFDGLQGUDQJKHWDKWPO 12$SURSRVLWRGLTXHVW¶XOWLPRSXQWRFLRqVXTXDQGRHVXFRPHVL³VPHWWH´GLHVVHUHPD¿RVLDUJRPHQWRDO TXDOH6FLDUURQHKDGHGLFDWRDOFXQHVLJQL¿FDWLYHULÀHVVLRQLqRSSRUWXQRSUHFLVDUHFKHODWLSRORJLD SXzHVVHUHLQWHVDFRPHXQRVSD]LRFRQFHWWXDOHDOO¶LQWHUQRGHOTXDOHOHVLQJROHSHUVRQHVLPXRYRQRR PHJOLRVLSRVVRQRPXRYHUHQHOFRUVRGHOWHPSR3LSUHFLVDPHQWHDSSOLFDQGRXQRGHL³WUXFFKLGHOPH-VWLHUH´SURSRVWLGD+RZDUG6%HFNHU±ULVXOWDSLSUR¿FXRLQVHULUHJOLLQGLYLGXLQHOORVSD]LR WLSRORJLFRSUHQGHQGRLQFRQVLGHUD]LRQHOHORURDWWLYLWjSLXWWRVWRFKHLOORUR³HVVHUH´LQXQPRGRRLQXQ DOWUR4XLQGLDOWHPSRWSRVVRVHQWLUPLPD¿RVRHGHVVHUHFRQGDQQDWRSHUELVDOWHPSRWSRVVRVHP-SUHVHQWLUPLPD¿RVRPDDYHUHVSLDWRODSHQDDOWHPSRWVPHWWHUHDQFKHGLVHQWLUPLPD¿RVRHFRVuYLD 1RQqGXQTXHODSHUVRQDLQTXDQWRWDOHD¿QLUHLQPDQLHUDVWDWLFDQHOODWLSRORJLDPDVRQROHVXHDWWLYLWj
Figura 1: 8QDWLSRORJLDGLPD¿RVL 6LSHUFHSLVFHFRPHPD¿RVR" Sì No È condannato in via GH¿QLWLYDSHUELV" Sì 0D¿RVL propriamente detti 0D¿RVL giudiziari No 0D¿RVL identitari 0D¿RVL FRQWURYHUVL 1RQPD¿RVL propriamente detti /DFRVWUX]LRQHGLTXHVWDWLSRORJLDVLqUHVDQHFHVVDULDSHUGH¿QLUHPHJOLRTXDOH VLDLOUXRORGHLPD¿RVLDTXHVWRSXQWRLQWHVLLQVHQVRDPSLRQHOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DX-WRWUDVSRUWRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQD,QPROWLFDVLLQIDWWLLSURWDJRQLVWLGHOOHYLFHQGH QDUUDWHDSSDUWHQJRQRDOODFDWHJRULDGHLPD¿RVLFRQWURYHUVLRDOPDVVLPRGHLPD-¿RVLLGHQWLWDULSLUDUDPHQWHDOWLSRGHLPD¿RVLSURSULDPHQWHGHWWLDQFKHVHVX PROWLGLHVVLLQFRPEHLOJLXGL]LRGHOSURFHVVR$HPLOLD6XTXHVWRSXQWRFKHKD XQDFHUWDLPSRUWDQ]DSHUFRPSUHQGHUHLQFKHVHQVRLPD¿RVLVRQRLQ¿OWUDWLQHOO¶DX-WRWUDVSRUWRQHO5HJJLDQRWRUQHUHPRSLGLIIXVDPHQWHQHOFRUVRGHOSDUDJUDIR 3ULPDGLFRQFHQWUDUFLVXOUXRORGHLPD¿RVLQHOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRqSHUz QHFHVVDULDXQ¶DOWUDGLJUHVVLRQHUHODWLYDDOODULFRJQL]LRQHGHOOHSUDWLFKHGLLOOHJDOL-WjQRQQHFHVVDULDPHQWHGLPDWULFHPD¿RVDGLIIXVHQHOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR 7UDFFLDUHTXHVWRTXDGURFRQVHQWLUjGLFDSLUHVHLPD¿RVLULFDOFDQRSUDWLFKHLOOHJDOL FRPXQLHSUHHVLVWHQWLRSSXUHVH³LQQRYDQR´WDOLSUDWLFKHLQWURGXFHQGRDVSHWWLVSH- FL¿FLLQHUHQWLDOOHORURFDUDWWHULVWLFKHFULPLQDOLGLVWLQWLYH'DTXHVWRSXQWRGLYL-VWDXQ¶DQDOLVLGHOOHIRUPHGLLOOHJDOLWjGHOVHWWRUHUHVWLWXLVFHXQDFDVLVWLFDSLXWWRVWR DPSLD/LPLWDQGRVLDJOLDVSHWWLSLQRWLVLSRVVRQRFLWDUHWXWWLTXHJOLHVFDPRWDJH FKHFRQVHQWRQRGLFRPSULPHUHLFRVWLG¶LPSUHVDVSHVVRDVFDSLWRGHOODVLFXUH]]D GHOOHFDVVHSUHYLGHQ]LDOLHGHO¿VFR7UDTXHVWLODSUDWLFDGHOVRYUDFFDULFRFLRq GLWUDVSRUWDUHPHUFLSHUXQSHVRVXSHULRUHDTXHOORFRQVHQWLWRGDOOHFDUDWWHULVWLFKH WHFQLFKHGHOO¶DXWRPH]]RFKHDSSXQWRUHQGHSLHFRQRPLFRPDDQFKHSLSHUL-FRORVRLOWUDVSRUWR,OVRYUDFFDULFRULIHULVFHXQIXQ]LRQDULRGHOOD3ROL]LDVWUDGDOH LQWHUYLVWDWRVHPEUDHVVHUHSLGLIIXVRQHOWUDVSRUWRGLLQHUWLRFRPXQTXHLQTXHOOL OHJDWLDOFDPSRGHOO¶HGLOL]LDPHQWUHSHUODVXDHVSHULHQ]DULVXOWDSLOLPLWDWRQHO VHWWRUHGHOODORJLVWLFD FKHORFROORFDQRLQPDQLHUDFRQWLQJHQWHLQXQDRLQXQ¶DOWUDGHOOHTXDWWURFDVHOOH /DFRQVWDWD]LRQHGHLPROWHSOLFLIURQWLGLLOOHJDOLWjFKHFDUDWWHUL]]DQRLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRKDLQ-GRWWROD5HJLRQH(PLOLD5RPDJQDDYDUDUHQHOXQDVSHFL¿FDQRUPDWLYDYROWDDSUHYHQLUHHDULGXUUH LFRPSRUWDPHQWLLOOHJDOLGDSDUWHGHLVLQJROLRSHUDWRULHGHOOHLPSUHVH6LWUDWWDGLXQWHVWRPROWRDUWLFRODWR SRLULSUHVRQHO7HVWRXQLFRSHUODSURPR]LRQHGHOODOHJDOLWjHSHUODYDORUL]]D]LRQHGHOODFLWWDGLQDQ]DH GHOO¶HFRQRPLDUHVSRQVDELOLFRQVXOWDELOHDOVHJXHQWH85/KWWSEXUUHJLRQHHPLOLDURPDJQDLW
$OWUDSUDWLFD³FODVVLFD´SHUDXPHQWDUHODSURGXWWLYLWjDVFDSLWRGHOODVLFXUH]]D qO¶DOWHUD]LRQHGHOVLVWHPDFKHULOHYDODYHORFLWjGHOFDPLRQSHUPHWWHQGRFRVuGL VXSHUDUHLOLPLWLSUHVFULWWLHDFFRUFLDUHLWHPSLGLYLDJJLR/HWHFQLFKHSHUDJJLUDUH L FRQWUROOL H PDQRPHWWHUH L GLVSRVLWLYL GL FRQWUROOR GL ERUGR VRQR GLYHUVL GDOOD WUDGL]LRQDOHFDODPLWDDOEDQDOHPR]]LFRQHGLVLJDUHWWDHVLVRQRHYROXWHDGDWWDQ-GRVLDOOHLQQRYD]LRQLWHFQRORJLFKHGHLGLVSRVLWLYLGLFXLRJJLVRQRGRWDWLLPRGHOOL SLPRGHUQLGLFDPLRQ6HPSUHVXLWHPSLXQDOWURLPSRUWDQWHPHFFDQLVPRFKH FRQVHQWHGLDEEDWWHUHLFRVWLDXPHQWDQGRQHOFRQWHPSRLOOLYHOORGLULVFKLRFRP-SOHVVLYRGHOOHDWWLYLWjGLDXWRWUDVSRUWRqLOPDQFDWRULVSHWWRGHLWHWWLGHLWHPSLGL JXLGDHGHOO¶DOWHUQDQ]DJXLGDULSRVR,QTXHVWRFDVRULSRUWDQRLWHVWLPRQLTXDOL-¿FDWLGHOOD'LUH]LRQH3URYLQFLDOHGHO/DYRURHGHOOD3ROL]LD6WUDGDOHXQRGHJOL HVFDPRWDJHFKHFRQVHQWRQRDJOLDXWLVWLGLVWDUHDOYRODQWHROWUHLWHPSLPDVVLPL SUHYLVWLqORVFDPELRGHOODSURSULDFDUGSHUVRQDOHFRQTXHOODGLDOWULDXWLVWLFKHLQ TXHOOHRUHVDUHEEHURDELOLWDWLDOODJXLGD,OPHFFDQLVPRHOXVLYRqDOLPHQWDWRGD XQDFRQYHQLHQ]DFKHLQWHUHVVDHQWUDPELJOLDWWRULLQFDPSRLOGDWRUHGLODYRURR FRPPLWWHQWHFKHULHVFHDFRQWHQHUHLFRVWLG¶LPSUHVDULVSDUPLDQGRVXOOHVSHVH SHULOSHUVRQDOHHDFFRUFLDQGRLWHPSLGLFRQVHJQDO¶DXWLVWDFKHDFFHWWDGLIDUH XQRVWUDRUGLQDULRDIURQWHGHOTXDOHRWWLHQHVHFRQGRDOFXQLQRVWULLQWHUYLVWDWLXQD UHWULEX]LRQHH[WUDRYYLDPHQWHLQQHUR
8Q XOWHULRUH IDWWRUH GL LOOHJDOLWj FKH FDUDWWHUL]]D LO PRQGR GHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR ULJXDUGDLOIXUWRHODULFHWWD]LRQHGHOODPHUFHWUDVSRUWDWDFRQRVHQ]DODFRPSOLFLWj GHJOLDXWLVWLDVVLFXUDWDRPHQRFKHVLDODPHUFH,IXUWLULJXDUGDQRSULQFLSDOPHQWH FDULFKLGLYDORUHTXLQGLSURGRWWLHOHWWURQLFLXWHQVLOLLQIRUPDWLFDHFF,OWUDVSRUWR SLWLSLFDPHQWHFRQQHVVRDOO¶HGLOL]LDSURSULRSHUODQDWXUDGHLSURGRWWLWUDVSRUWDWL qLQYHFHUHODWLYDPHQWHDOULSDURGDTXHVWDDWWLYLWjGHOLWWXRVD$OULJXDUGRFRPH ULFRUGDLOIXQ]LRQDULRGHOOD3ROL]LD6WUDGDOHLQWHUYLVWDWRQHO5HJJLDQRXQDEDQGD SDUWLFRODUPHQWHGHGLWDHVSHFLDOL]]DWDQHLIXUWLDLFDPLRQHUDFRPSRVWDGDVRJJHWWL FKHVLVSRVWDYDQRDSSRVLWDPHQWHHSHULRGLFDPHQWHGDOOD3XJOLDSHUPHWWHUHDVH-JQRLFROSL &¶qSRLLOIURQWHGHOFDUEXUDQWHSULQFLSDOHYRFHGLVSHVDGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRVXO-ODTXDOHDWWRULSULYLGLVFUXSROLFHUFDQRGLLQFLGHUHLQGLYHUVLPRGLXVDQGRJDVROLR UXEDWRGHVWLQDWRDGDOWULXVLFRPHTXHOORDJULFRORRQDYDOHRSSXUHLPSLHJDQGR TXHOORGLSURYHQLHQ]DHVWHUDGRYHLOVXRFRVWRqSLFRQWHQXWR,OFRQWUDEEDQGR GLJDVROLRFRQVHQWHGLHOXGHUHLOSDJDPHQWRGHOOHDFFLVHVXLFDUEXUDQWLUHQGHQGR-ORGXQTXHPROWRSLFRQYHQLHQWHULVSHWWRDTXHOORFKHSDVVDGDLFDQDOLXI¿FLDOL ,Q(PLOLD5RPDJQDXQRGHLQRVWULLQWHUYLVWDWLFRQXQSDVVDWRGDLPSUHQGLWRUH QHLWUDVSRUWLHSRLGDGLULJHQWHQHOODUHODWLYDDVVRFLD]LRQHGLFDWHJRULDLQGLFDLO SRUWRGL5DYHQQDFRPHOXRJRFKHLQSDVVDWRKDSHUPHVVRGLRWWHQHUHJDVROLRGL FRQWUDEEDQGR ,O PHFFDQLVPR HOXVLYR KD PROWH YDULDQWL VLD LQ WHUPLQL GL YHWWRUL FDPLRQFRQVHPSOLFLFRQWHQLWRULDXWRFLVWHUQHQDYLVLDLQWHUPLQLGLSURYHQLHQ]D GHO FDUEXUDQWH (VW (XURSD$IULFD 6XO SXQWR OD FURQDFD q ULFFD GL SDUWLFRODUL PD GD TXHVWH VWHVVH IRQWL QRQ VHPEUD HPHUJHUH XQ UXROR VSHFL¿FR GHOOH PD¿H &RPHSHUDOWULEXVLQHVVLOOHJDOLVHPEUDQRLQYHFHDOO¶RSHUDUHWLQRQPD¿RVHQRQ FRRUGLQDWHWUDORURDYROWHHVWHPSRUDQHHHDJHRPHWULDYDULDELOH,OFDUEXUDQWHDG HVHPSLRHUDWUDOHPHUFLFKHXQJUXSSRGLVRJJHWWLDOFXQLGHLTXDOLYLFLQLDQRWL
JUXSSLFULPLQDOLVLSURFXUDYDQRDWWUDYHUVRXQDVLVWHPDWLFDDWWLYLWjIUDXGROHQWDFKH SUHYHGHYDODFORQD]LRQHGLD]LHQGHUHDOPHQWHHVLVWHQWL,QSUDWLFDLOJUXSSRFULPL-QDOHFUHDYDLPSUHVH¿WWL]LHFRQOHVHPELDQ]HGLD]LHQGHYHUHHFRQTXHVWRWUXFFR VLIDFHYDFRQVHJQDUHPHUFHFKHYHQLYDIDWWXUDWDDOOHD]LHQGHYHUHHFKHLQYHFH UHLPPHWWHYDQRVXOPHUFDWRDSUH]]LVWUDFFLDWL5HWLFULPLQDOLQRQPD¿RVHFKHVL RFFXSDQRGLFRQWUDEEDQGRHUHLPSLHJRGLFDUEXUDQWHSHUDXWRWUD]LRQHSRVVRQRDG-GLULWWXUDSURYHQLUHIDUHEDVHHDJLUHLQFRQWHVWLDGDOWDGHQVLWjPD¿RVDVIXJJHQGR DTXHOFRQWUROORGHOWHUULWRULRFKHLQDOFXQHDUHHGHO0H]]RJLRUQRqVROLWDPHQWH FRQVLGHUDWR XQ WUDWWR GHO SDQRUDPD VRFLDOH SROLWLFR HG HFRQRPLFR Ê TXHO FKH VHPEUDPRVWUDUHXQDUHFHQWHYLFHQGDHPHUVDSURSULRQHOO¶DUHDGHO&URWRQHVHGRYH XQJUXSSRGLVRJJHWWLDTXDQWRSDUHQRQYLFLQLDQHVVXQJUXSSRPD¿RVRDYHYD PHVVRLQSLHGLXQ¶DWWLYLWjGLLPSRUWD]LRQHIUDXGROHQWDGLJDVROLRSHUDXWRWUD]LRQH 7ULEXQDOHGL&URWRQH,OJDVROLRSURYHQLYDGDOOD3RORQLDHGDOOD5HSXEEOL-FD&HFDPD¿JXUDYDFRPHROLROXEUL¿FDQWHQHLGRFXPHQWL¿VFDOLHGLFRQVHJQD GXQTXHXQSURGRWWRHVFOXVRGDOSDJDPHQWRGHOO¶DFFLVDFKHJUDYDVXLFDUEXUDQWL ,OJDVROLRHUDIRUPDOPHQWHGHVWLQDWRDGXQ¶DWWLYLWjFRPPHUFLDOHFRQVHGHQHOFR-PXQHGL&XWURPDLQDOFXQLFDVLHUDVFDULFDWRLQDOWUHSDUWLGHOOD&DODEULDLQDOWUL FDVLDSSURGDYDGLUHWWDPHQWHLQDOWUHSDUWLG¶,WDOLDWUDFXLOHSURYLQFHGL3DUPDHGL 5HJJLR(PLOLD&RQVLGHUDQGRODTXDQWLWjGLJDVROLRLPPHVVRLOOHJDOPHQWHLQ,WDOLD ODVWLPDSHULOELHQQLRqSDULDTXDVLPLODHWWROLWUL±IbidemPDLQ XQDSUHFHGHQWHLQGDJLQHGHOOD3URFXUDGL8GLQHULJXDUGDQWHLPHGHVLPLVRJJHWWL VLLSRWL]]DYDXQWUDI¿FRGLFLUFDPLODHWWROLWUL±IbidemHLSDJDPHQWL WUDQVLWDWL WUD OH GLYHUVH VRFLHWj FKH SUHQGHYDQR SDUWH DOO¶DIIDUH JOL LQYHVWLJDWRUL VWLPDQRFKHLOFRVWRDOOLWURGHOJDVROLRIRVVHFRPSUHVRWUDHFHQWHVLPLGL (XURDOOLWURIbidem
3HUFRQWHQHUHLFRVWLG¶LPSUHVDXJXDOPHQWHDVFDSLWRGHOODVLFXUH]]DVLDGHL ODYRUDWRUL VLD GHOOD FROOHWWLYLWj SL LQ JHQHUDOH q SRL SRVVLELOH ULVSDUPLDUH VXOOD PDQXWHQ]LRQHHODWHQXWDLQHI¿FLHQ]DGHLPH]]LGLWUDVSRUWR/HUHYLVLRQLSHULR-GLFKHGHOPH]]RGRYUHEEHURLPSHGLUHFKHFLUFROLQRPDFFKLQHQRQSHUIHWWDPHQWH DGDWWHDOODFLUFROD]LRQHPDO¶HVSHULHQ]DLQVHJQDFKHLFRQWUROOLSUHYLVWLGDOODUHYL-VLRQHVRQRIDFLOPHQWHDJJLUDELOL'LYHUVLQRVWULLQWHUYLVWDWL3ROL]LDVWUDGDOH'3/ GLULJHQWH DVVRFLD]LRQH FDWHJRULD DXWRWUDVSRUWL VLQGDFDOLVWL ULSRUWDQR GL RI¿FLQH LQWHUQHDOOHD]LHQGHGLDXWRWUDVSRUWRFRPSLDFHQWLGLFRQWUROOLSHUVWUDGDGLPH]]L DSSHQDUHYLVLRQDWLFKHULVXOWDQRLQYHFHGHFLVDPHQWHLQDGDWWLDOODFLUFROD]LRQHGL UHYLVLRQLIDWWHVRORVXOODFDUWDVHQ]DFLRqVSRVWDUHO¶DXWRPH]]RLQOXRJKLGLVWDQWL GDTXHOOLLQFXLVROLWDPHQWHLOPH]]RRSHUD &RPHSHUDOWULVHWWRULG¶DWWLYLWjDQFKHQHOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRLODYRUDWRUL SRVVRQRDQGDUHLQFRQWURDGLI¿FROWjQHOIDUVLSDJDUHLQWXWWRRLQSDUWHGDOGDWRUH GLODYRUR,WHVWLPRQLTXDOL¿FDWLLQWHUYLVWDWLVRSUDWWXWWRLVLQGDFDOLVWLHJOLLVSHWWRUL GHOODYRURULIHULVFRQRGLYHUVLHSLVRGLGHOJHQHUH$IURQWHGLEXVWHSDJDQRQFRUUL-VSRVWHDFDXVDGHOOHFRQGL]LRQLGLGLI¿FROWjLQFXLXQ¶D]LHQGDSXzYHUVDUHFLVRQR /¶LQGDJLQHqFKLDPDWDGDJOLLQYHVWLJDWRUL³7RWDOEOXII´HVXGLHVVDVLSRVVRQRWURYDUHDOFXQLGHWWDJOL QHOODVWDPSDRQOLQHDGHVHPSLRTXLKWWSZZZVDVVXRORLWJOLHVLWLGHOORSHUD]LRQHWR- WDOEOXIIGHLFDUDELQLHULGHOODVWD]LRQHGLUHJJLRHPLOLDVDQWDFURFH6XOZHELQROWUHVLULWURYDQRIDFLO-PHQWHQRWL]LHGLPROWHDOWUHWUXIIHHRSHUD]LRQLGLFRQWUDEEDQGRLQHUHQWLDOJDVROLR
DQFKHVLWXD]LRQLLQFXLODEXVWDSDJDqLQYHFHFRQVHQVXDOPHQWHJRQ¿DWD,OODYR-UDWRUHSXzLQIDWWLDFFHWWDUHXQDUHPXQHUD]LRQHUHDOHLQIHULRUHDTXHOODSDWWXLWD±H PDJDULSUHYLVWDGDVWDQGDUGGHULYDQWLGDDFFRUGLFROOHWWLYL±SHUFKpqO¶XQLFRPRGR SHUODYRUDUHLQFHUWLIUDQJHQWLLQDOFXQLFDPSLRSSXUHSHUFKpLOGDWRUHGLODYRUR DFFHWWDGLDVVXPHUHDQFKHTXDOFKHDOWURSDUHQWHRDPLFRGHOODYRUDWRUHRSHUDOWUL PRWLYLDQFRUD ,Q¿QHSHUFRQFOXGHUHTXHVWDOXQJDDQFRUFKpLQFRPSOHWDFDUUHOODWDGLSUDWLFKH FKHLQFLGRQRVXOODOHJDOLWjFRPSOHVVLYDGHOVHWWRUHGLDWWLYLWjSUHVRLQFRQVLGHUD-]LRQHXQIHQRPHQRFKHPROWLLQWHUYLVWDWLKDQQRVHJQDODWRFRPHIDWWRUHGLSRWHQWH WUDVIRUPD]LRQH GHO SDQRUDPD GHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR LQ (PLOLD5RPDJQD PD RYYLD-PHQWHQRQVRORGLTXHVWDUHJLRQHULJXDUGDODFRVWLWX]LRQHGLXQLWjRSHUDWLYHGHOOH D]LHQGHGLWUDVSRUWRLQXQSDHVHHVWHURWLSLFDPHQWHGHOO¶(VW(XURSD&LzFRQVHQWH GLHOXGHUHODQRUPDWLYDQD]LRQDOHLQDPELWR¿VFDOHHSUHYLGHQ]LDOHDEEDWWHQGRQR-WHYROPHQWHLFRVWLG¶LPSUHVD3LLQJHQHUDOHTXHVWDVWUDWHJLDGLGHORFDOL]]D]LRQH DSSDUHLOIUXWWRGHOODSLDJJXHUULWDFRQFRUUHQ]DFRQODTXDOHVLqGRYXWRFRQIURQWD-UHFKLRSHUDYDQHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRQHOQRVWUR3DHVHDOO¶LQGRPDQLGHOO¶DOODUJDPHQWR DG(VWGHOO¶8QLRQH(XURSHD 6HTXHVWHVRQROHSULQFLSDOLSUDWLFKHLOOHJDOLFKHULJXDUGDQRLOPRQGRGHOO¶DX-WRWUDVSRUWRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDFRVuFRPHHPHUJRQRGDLGRFXPHQWLFRQVXOWDWLH GDOOHRSLQLRQLGHLWHVWLPRQLTXDOL¿FDWLLQWHUYLVWDWLUHVWDGDFKLHGHUVLTXDOHVLDDO-ORUDLOUXRORVSHFL¿FRHGLVWLQWLYRGHLPD¿RVLLQTXHVWRFDPSRGLDWWLYLWj6HVLYD LQGLHWURQHOWHPSRODSULPDWHPDWL]]D]LRQHSXEEOLFDGHOOHYLFHQGHUHODWLYHDOOH LQ¿OWUD]LRQLPD¿RVHQHOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRFKHKDSRLGDWRLPSXOVRHVLq LQWUHFFLDWDFRQOHLQGDJLQLJLXGL]LDULHqGDIDUULVDOLUHDOO¶DWWLYLWjGLGHQXQFLDGL (QULFR%LQLFKHQHOWHPSRKDULFRSHUWRLQFDULFKLGLUHWWDPHQWHRLQGLUHWWDPHQWH LQHUHQWLDOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRUHVSRQVDELOHFRPPHUFLDOHGHOO¶$OWDYHORFLWj GHOOD7UDQVFRRSSUHVLGHQWHGHOOD&1$GL5HJJLR(PLOLDYLFHSUHVLGHQWHQD]LR-QDOHGHOOD),7$&1$3UHVLGHQWHGHOOD&DPHUDGL&RPPHUFLRGL5HJJLR(PLOLD %LQLULOHYDHGHQXQFLDSXEEOLFDPHQWHO¶DOWHUD]LRQHGHOOHUHJROHGHOODFRQFRUUHQ]D GRYXWDDVRJJHWWLHFRQRPLFLFULPLQDOLDWWLUDWLGDLODYRULSHUODUHDOL]]D]LRQHGHOOD OLQHDDOWDYHORFLWjWUDLOHLOFKHULHVFRQRDIDUHSUH]]LVWUDFFLDWLSHU DJJLXGLFDUVLJOLDSSDOWLPHWWHQGRIXRULPHUFDWROHLPSUHVHFKHVROLWDPHQWHODYR- UDYDQRLQTXHOO¶DUHD/HRIIHUWHSLEDVVHVDUHEEHURVWDWHSRVVLELOLJUD]LHDOO¶LOOH-JDOHFRPSUHVVLRQHGHLFRVWLG¶LPSUHVD&RPHDIIHUPDORVWHVVR%LQLQHOFRUVRGL XQ¶LQWHUYLVWD³VRSUDWWXWWRQRQSDJDYDQRLGLSHQGHQWLSRLODVFLDYDQREXFKLGH-ELWLQGUQHOOHRI¿FLQHQRQSDJDYDQRLOJDVROLRQHOVHQVRFKHIDFHYDQRODUJR XVRGHOJDVROLRQDXWLFRSURYHQLHQWHGDOSRUWRGL5DYHQQDPHQWUHVFDULFDYDQROH QDYLG¶DFFRUGRFROFRPDQGDQWHIDFHYDQRDQFKHLOSLHQRGLJDVROLRDGXQSUH]]R VWUDFFLDWR´6HFRQGR%LQLWXWWDYLDTXHVWHSUDWLFKHQRQHUDQRHVFOXVLYDPHQWHDS-SDQQDJJLRGHJOLDXWRWUDVSRUWDWRULFDODEUHVLSRL¿QLWLLQLQGDJLQLGLPD¿DGXQTXH TXHOOLFKHQRLSRWUHPPRFKLDPDUHPD¿RVL³FRQWURYHUVL´R³LGHQWLWDUL´PDHUDQR FRPXQLDPROWLDOWULRSHUDWRULGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR5LVSHWWRDJOLDOWULDXWRWUDVSRU-WDWRULLVRJJHWWLFKHOXLFKLDPD³PD¿RVL´SHUz³DFFHQWXDYDQR´TXHVWHSUDWLFKH ULXVFHQGRFRVuDFRPSULPHUHLSULQFLSDOLFRVWLG¶LPSUHVD6HVXTXHVWHYRFLLPD-¿RVLVHPEUDQRDSDUHUHGHOO¶LQWHUYLVWDWRSLHI¿FDFLH³FDSDFL´GLDOWULFKHSXUH
VLPXRYRQRQHOFDPSRGHOO¶LOOHJDOLWjFLVDUHEEHURDOFXQHDOWUHSUDWLFKHVSHFL¿-FDPHQWHPHVVHLQFDPSRGDJOLRSHUDWRULPD¿RVLGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR7DOLSUDWLFKH FRQVLVWHYDQRLQQDQ]LWXWWRQHOO¶XVRGHOODYLROHQ]DQHLFRQIURQWLGHJOLDXWLVWLVSHFLH QHL FRQIURQWL GL TXHOOL GL SURYHQLHQ]D VWUDQLHUD FKH ULVXOWDYDQR SL ULFDWWDELOL D FDXVDGHOODORURFRQGL]LRQHGLPDUJLQDOLWjVRFLDOH,QROWUHVHPSUHDSDUHUHGHOO¶LQ-WHUYLVWDWR FKH ULSRUWD XQ¶HVSHULHQ]D GL FRQWDWWR GLUHWWR FRQ JOL DXWLVWL L FDPLRQ YHQLYDQRXVDWLFRPHFRUULHULSHUWUDVSRUWDUH³SDFFKHWWLULVHUYDWL´SRWHQ]LDOPHQWH DUPLRGURJDWUDOD&DODEULDHO¶(PLOLD5RPDJQD,Q¿QHVHPSUHVHFRQGR%LQL ³ORURQRQWHQHYDQRLQUHJRODLPH]]LSHUFKpODUHYLVLRQHQRQODIDFHYDQRPDL DUULYDYDXQVLJQRUHGDOOD&DODEULDFKHSUHQGHYDWXWWLLOLEUHWWLLOYHQHUGuOLSRUWDYD LQ&DODEULDHLOOXQHGuWRUQDYDVXFRQLOLEUHWWLGHLPH]]LUHYLVLRQDWL6RSUDWWXWWR QRQPHWWHYDQRLQRUGLQHHLQUHJRODLPH]]LULVSDUPLDQGRVXLFRVWLPDFRQWXWWL LULVFKLSHUODVLFXUH]]DFKHFLzFRPSRUWD´4XHVWDGLQDPLFDDYUHEEHSURGRWWRGL-YHUVHFRQVHJXHQ]H/DSULPDULJXDUGDODSURJUHVVLYDVRVWLWX]LRQHGHLODYRUDWRULGL QD]LRQDOLWjLWDOLDQDFRQDXWLVWLVWUDQLHULSLULFDWWDELOLHPHQRSURSHQVLDULYROJHUVL DLVLQGDFDWLFKHqXQDVSHWWRHYLGHQ]LDWRDQFKHGDLVLQGDFDOLVWLLQWHUYLVWDWL/D VHFRQGDqFKHPROWHLPSUHVHVRQRVWDWHFRVWUHWWHDFKLXGHUH/DWHU]DqFKHO¶LQD-VSULPHQWR GHOOD FRQFRUUHQ]D KD FRQGRWWR D XQ DEEDVVDPHQWR GHJOL VWDQGDUG GHL GLULWWLHGHOOHWXWHOHFKHKDLQGRWWR³PROWHLPSUHVHDGDGHJXDUVLDTXHVWRVLVWHPD TXL´$TXHVWRULJXDUGR%LQLODPHQWDHGHQXQFLDSXEEOLFDPHQWHXQDLQFDSDFLWj GLUHQGHUVLFRQWRGHOODJUDYLWjGHOODVLWXD]LRQHGDSDUWHGHLFRPPLWWHQWLHDQFKHGHO PRQGRGHOODFRRSHUD]LRQHLQFDSDFLWjDYROWHLQWHUHVVDWDSHUFKpSRUWDQRLQGRQR SUH]]LSLEDVVLHGXQTXHFROSHYROH /DFRUQLFHQHOODTXDOHVLWXDUHODGHVFUL]LRQHGHOUXRORGHLPD¿RVLWUDWWHJJLDWD GD%LQLHPHUJHFRQXQDFHUWDFKLDUH]]DGDOOHRSLQLRQLHVSUHVVHGDXQJUXSSRGL VLQGDFDOLVWLSHUORSLGHOVHWWRUHGHLWUDVSRUWLFRQLTXDOLqVWDWRUHDOL]]DWRXQIRFXV JURXS,OFRQWHVWRQHOTXDOHSUHQGRQRIRUPDTXHVWHGLQDPLFKHLOOHJDOLqFDUDWWHUL]- ]DWRGDOODSURJUHVVLYDVRVWLWX]LRQHQHOFDPSRGHOO¶HGLOL]LDHLQTXHOORGHOO¶DXWRWUD-VSRUWRFKHDGHVVRqVWUHWWDPHQWHFROOHJDWRGHOWHVVXWRLPSUHQGLWRULDOHUHJJLDQRHG HPLOLDQRFRQTXHOORGLPDWULFHFDODEUHVHHSLVSHFL¿FDPHQWHFURWRQHVH6LWUDWWD GLXQSURFHVVRGLOXQJDOHQDFKHLQL]LDFRQO¶DUULYRGHLSULPLLPPLJUDWLFDODEUHVL LQ SURYLQFLD GL 5HJJLR (PLOLD VXO ¿QLUH GHJOL DQQL &LQTXDQWD 3DWWDFLQL 0HWHFKHSURFHGHLQPDQLHUDFDUVLFDGHLGHFHQQLVXFFHVVLYLHFKHDYUj XQ¶LPSHQQDWDDJOLLQL]LGHJOLDQQL'XHPLODLQFRQFRPLWDQ]DGHLODYRULSHUODUHD-OL]]D]LRQHGHOODWUDWWDIHUURYLDULDGHOO¶DOWDYHORFLWjVXOWHUULWRULRHPLOLDQR6HFRQGR 2OWUHDLFDPLRQVHFRQGRDOFXQLWHVWLPRQLTXDOL¿FDWLLQWHUYLVWDWLDQFKHLSXOOPDQFKHFROOHJDQRO¶DUHD GHOFURWRQHVHFRQO¶(PLOLDRFRPXQTXHLO&HQWUR1RUGVRQRVWDWLXVDWLFRPHFRUULHULGLSDFFKLDQRQLPLH VRVSHWWL $OFXQLSHUVRQDJJLYLFLQLDLJUXSSLFULPLQDOLGLRULJLQHFURWRQHVHODYRUDQRVHFRQGRODWHVWLPRQLDQ]D GHOO¶DOORUDVLQGDFRGL5XELHUDDOODUHDOL]]D]LRQHGHOODFDVVDGLHVSDQVLRQHGHO6HFFKLD0HWH &RLQFLGHQ]DGDYYHURVLQJRODUHFROGLSHQGHQWHGLXQRGLTXHVWLSHUVRQDJJLDOORUDDOVRJJLRUQRREEOLJDWR %LQLFRPHGLFKLDUDQHOO¶LQWHUYLVWDUHDOL]]DIDXQLQFLGHQWHVWUDGDOHFROVXRFDPLRQQHO1HOODYLFHQGD HPHUJHFKHLOFDPLRQFROTXDOHVLVFRQWUDQRQqDVVLFXUDWRXQPRGRSHUDEEDWWHUHULVFKLRVDPHQWHLFRVWL G¶LPSUHVD6HFRQGRXQWHVWLPRQHTXDOL¿FDWRLQWHUYLVWDWRLQ&DODEULDFKHFRQRVFHEHQHDOFXQLGHLVRJJHWWL SURWDJRQLVWLGHOOHLQGDJLQLHPLOLDQHQHJOLDQQLVHWWDQWDPROWLVXRLFRQWHUUDQHLHUDQRDQGDWLDODYRUDUHLQ (PLOLDFRQ³FDPLRQVFDVVDWLHOuJUD]LHDOODIDFLOLWjFRQODTXDOHVLDFFHGHYDDOFUHGLWRULVSHWWRDOOD&DOD-EULDKDQQRIDWWRLQYHVWLPHQWLHVLVRQRDUULFFKLWL´
LVLQGDFDOLVWL±PDODVWHVVDRSLQLRQHqHVSUHVVDFRQDQFRUSLVFKLHWWH]]DQHOFRUVR GLXQ¶LQWHUYLVWDGDDOFXQLLQYHVWLJDWRULFKHKDQQRFRQGRWWROHLQGDJLQLVXLJUXSSL FULPLQDOLFXWUHVLLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQD±ODPROODFKHSURGXFHODGHQXQFLDSXEEOLFD GLFXL%LQLVLIDSRUWDYRFHqGRYXWDDOUDSLGRGHWHULRUDPHQWRGHOPHUFDWRGHOO¶DXWR-WUDVSRUWRLQGRWWRGDOODFRQFRUUHQ]DVOHDOHGLFXLVLqGHWWRLQSUHFHGHQ]D6HFRQGR JOLLQYHVWLJDWRULVRQRLVRJJHWWLHFRQRPLFLORFDOLGLFXL%LQLqUDSSUHVHQWDQWHFKH VSLQJRQR DI¿QFKp FL VLDQR LQGDJLQL VX XQD VHULH GL SHUVRQDJJL FKH FRQ OH ORUR SUDWLFKHFRQFRUUHQ]LDOLLOOHFLWHLQTXLQDQRLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR*OLVWHVVL LQYHVWLJDWRUL DPPHWWRQR FKH GRSR OH GHQXQFH GL %LQL ORUR EUDQFRODQR QHO EXLR SHUFKpJOLDXWLVWLFKHULFHYRQREXVWHSDJDIRU]RVDPHQWHULGRWWHQRQFROODERUDQR 'DTXHVWRSXQWRGLYLVWDQRQqIRUVHD]]DUGDWRVRVWHQHUHFKHODSUHVHQ]DGHOODPD-¿DqHYRFDWDHGLFRQVHJXHQ]DO¶DQWLPD¿DPRELOLWDWDD¿QLGLORWWDHFRQRPLFD GDXQVLVWHPDHFRQRPLFRLPSUHQGLWRULDOH³DXWRFWRQR´PHVVRLQGLI¿FROWjGDXQ PRGHOORGLEXVLQHVVDJJUHVVLYRHVSUH]]DQWHGHOOHUHJROHHGHOODOHJDOLWj8QSXQWR LPSRUWDQWHGDSUHFLVDUHqFKHLVRJJHWWLFKHLPSRQJRQRTXHVWDQXRYDUHJROD]LRQH DOULEDVVR±LQWHUPLQLGLFRVWLPDDQFKHGLGLULWWLHWXWHOH±VRQRGDLQWHQGHUHLQ VHQVRODWRFRPH³PD¿RVL´7UDHVVLWURYLDPRLQIDWWLPD¿RVLLGHQWLWDULHPD¿RVL FRQWURYHUVLSHUORSLFROSLWLDWWUDYHUVRORVWUXPHQWRGHOOHLQWHUGLWWLYHDQWLPD¿D RDOWUHD]LRQLGLQDWXUDSUHYHQWLYD0DWURYLDPRDQFKHSHUVRQDJJLGLUHWWDPHQWH OHJDWL DL SULQFLSDOL JUXSSL ތQGUDQJKHWLVWL RULJLQDUL GHO FURWRQHVH FKH VDUDQQR LQ VHJXLWR LPSXWDWL QHO SURFHVVR$HPLOLD H GXQTXH DVSLUDQWL ELVRJQHUj DWWHQGHUH ODFRQFOXVLRQHGHOO¶LWHUJLXGL]LDULR³PD¿RVLLQVHQVRSURSULR´7DOLSHUVRQDJJL WXWWDYLDVRQREHQORQWDQLGDOPRQRSROL]]DUHLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRFKHDSSD-UHUHJRODWRLQYHFHGDORJLFKHGLPHUFDWRSLDGDPSLRVSHWWURPROWHGHOOHTXDOL LOOHJDOLPDQRQIRQGDWHVXOPHWRGRPD¿RVR. 6XOSLDQRJLXGL]LDULRQHOOHLQGDJLQLSLUHFHQWLLPDJLVWUDWLKDQQRSURFHGXWR SULQFLSDOPHQWHDWWRUQRDOFDSRG¶LPSXWD]LRQHGLLQWHVWD]LRQH¿WWL]LDGLEHQLYROWD DUDIIRU]DUHLOJUXSSRPD¿RVRFDODEUHVHFKHRSHUDLQ(PLOLD'XQTXHXQUHDWR QRQ VWUHWWDPHQWH FRQQHVVR DOOR VYROJLPHQWR GHOO¶DWWLYLWj GHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR FKH VDUHEEHLQYHFHVRORXQPRGRSHULPD¿RVLSHUQRQIDUVLFRQ¿VFDUHOHULFFKH]]H SHUDOWUHYLHLOOHJDOPHQWHDFFXPXODWH/¶LPSXOVRDOOHLQGDJLQLDUULYDGDGXHIRQWL GLVWLQWHPDLQWUHFFLDWHWUDORUR/DSULPDqODSXQWXDOHGHQXQFLDFKHQHOJLXJQR GHOO¶DOORUDSUHVLGHQWHGHOODFDPHUDGLFRPPHUFLRGL5HJJLR(PLOLD(QULFR %LQLIDDOQXFOHRLQYHVWLJDWLYRGHLFDUDELQLHUL/DVHFRQGD³RFFDVLRQH´GLHPHU-VLRQHGHOSUREOHPDFKHIDVFDWWDUHO¶D]LRQHGHOOHDJHQ]LHGLFRQWUDWRqO¶LQFHQGLR QHOQRYHPEUHGHOGLXQDXWRPH]]RSHVDQWHD6DQ*LRYDQQLLQ3HUVLFHWR%2 7ULEXQDOHGL%RORJQD$LQRVWUL¿QLO¶DVSHWWRLQWHUHVVDQWHQRQULVLHGH QHOOHSUDWLFKHFKHLPD¿RVLQHOORORURGLYHUVHDFFH]LRQLSRUWDQRDYDQWLLQTXHVWR 1HOOHFDUWHGHOSURFHVVR³$HPLOLD´HPHUJHDGHVHPSLRFKHLQSLRFFDVLRQLDOFXQLVRJJHWWLULWHQXWLYLFLQL DLJUXSSLFULPLQDOLULFRUURQRDOODEDQDOHHDPSLDPHQWHGLIIXVDSUDWLFDGHOVRYUDFFDULFR/HJLRQH&DUDEL-QLHUL(PLOLD5RPDJQD
,Q TXHO SHULRGR VRQR PROWL JOL LQFHQGL SUREDELOPHQWH GL QDWXUD GRORVD FKH FROSLVFRQR DXWRYHWWXUH PH]]LGLFDQWLHUHFDPLRQFDSDQQRQLHDELWD]LRQLSULYDWHGLSURSULHWjGLVRJJHWWLYLFLQLDSHUVRQDJJLSRL ¿QLWLVRWWRLQGDJLQH$GRFXPHQWDUHHDOLPHQWDUHODFRQRVFHQ]DSXEEOLFDGHOIHQRPHQRKDLQSDUWLFRODUH FRQWULEXLWRXQDYLGHRLQFKLHVWDGLXQ¶DVVRFLD]LRQHVWXGHQWHVFDUHJJLDQDFRUWRFLUFXLWRKWWSZZZFRUWR-FLUFXLWRUHLWGDOO¶D]]HFFDWRWLWROR³1RQqVXFFHVVRQLHQWHURJKLD5HJJLR(PLOLD´
EXVLQHVVFKHVHPEUDQRQRQGLVFRVWDUVLPROWRGDTXHOOHJHQHUDOPHQWHDOO¶RSHUDLQ TXHVWRVHWWRUHGLDWWLYLWjTXDQWRSLXWWRVWRFDSLUHFKHUXRORKDO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRQHO SLYDVWRIXQ]LRQDPHQWRGHOJUXSSRFULPLQDOH'DTXHOFKHVLFDSLVFHGDOODOHWWXUD GHL GRFXPHQWL JLXGL]LDUL JOL XWLOL UHDOL]]DWL IUHTXHQWDQGR LO FDPSR GHOO¶DXWRWUD- VSRUWRLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDYHQLYDQRSRLUHLQYHVWLWLQHOOHDUHHGLUDGLFDPHQWRRUL-JLQDULRGHOJUXSSRFULPLQDOHFLRqLQSURYLQFLDGL&URWRQH6FULYRQRDOSURSRVLWRL PDJLVWUDWL³5LVXOWDSRLGHOWXWWRHYLGHQWHLOUHLQYHVWLPHQWRGHLSURYHQWLGHOO¶DWWL-YLWjVYROWDLQ(PLOLD>QHOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR@QHO¿QDQ]LDPHQWRGHOOHDWWLYLWj JHVWLWHGLUHWWDPHQWHGDOODIDPLJOLDLQ&DODEULDFKHqFLzFXLSHUDOWURq¿QDOL]]DWD O¶DWWLYLWjFULPLQRVDVWHVVD´Ibidem,QYHVWLPHQWLDGLUHLOYHURQRQVHPSUH FRURQDWLGDVXFFHVVRFRPHVLHYLQFHGDTXHVWRFROORTXLRLQWHUFHWWDWRHULSRUWDWR QHJOLDWWLG¶LQGDJLQH³$YHWHIDWWRLOQHJR]LRHDYHWHURYLQDWRLFDPLRQ$YHWHIDWWR LOULVWRUDQWHHOLDYHWHSUHVLGDLFDPLRQ$YHWHIDWWRLOEDUELHUHOjO¶HVWHWLVWDHOL YROHWHGDLFDPLRQ>«@PDVHYRLLQXQ¶DWWLYLWjQRQVLHWHFDSDFLGLJHVWLUYLQRQYL SDJDWHQHPPHQROHSHUVRQHFKHFLODYRUDQRPDFKHFD]]RVWDWHDSHUWLDIDUH"´ Ibidem 3LUHFHQWHPHQWHO¶LQFKLHVWD³$HPLOLD´FKHLQGDJDDJUDGLVXOOHDWWLYLWj GLDOFXQLJUXSSLGLތQGUDQJKHWLVWLLQ(PLOLD5RPDJQDKDFRQVHQWLWRGLJHWWDUHXQ SR¶GLOXFHDQFKHVXOODSUHVHQ]DPD¿RVDQHOFDPSRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR 1HOFRP-SOHVVRDOHJJHUHOHFDUWHGHOO¶LQGDJLQHVLULFDYDO¶LGHDFKHO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRQRQVLD XQ¶DWWLYLWjQHOODTXDOHLPD¿RVLQHOOHORURGLYHUVHDFFH]LRQLGHOODWLSRORJLDSULPD SUHVHQWDWDVLDQRSDUWLFRODUPHQWHDWWLYL6HFRQGRDOFXQLFROODERUDWRULGLJLXVWL]LD LJUXSSLFULPLQDOLRULJLQDULGHO&URWRQHVHXVHUHEEHURDOFXQHLPSUHVHGLDXWRWUD-VSRUWRSHULQYHVWLUHLOSURSULRGHQDUR3LFKHDOWURVLWUDWWDGLDWWLYLWjFRQQHVVH RFROODWHUDOLDTXHOOHGHOO¶HGLOL]LDLQFXLWUDGL]LRQDOPHQWHOHLPSUHVHYLFLQHDJOL ތQGUDQJKHWLVWLFRVuFRPHOHLPSUHVHGLSURSULHWjGLFXWUHVLHGLFDODEUHVLVRQRDW-WLYL/HSUDWLFKHGXQTXHVDUHEEHURPROWRVLPLOLDTXHOOHSLQRWHFKHVLULOHYDQR DSURSRVLWRGHOO¶HGLOL]LDHFKHHUDQRJLjVWDWHPHVVHLQOXFHQHOOHRSHUD]LRQLJLXGL- ]LDULHGHOODVHFRQGDPHWjGHJOLDQQL'XHPLODFRPHLQTXHOODGHQRPLQDWD³3DQGR-UD´,QEUHYHLQTXHVWHLQGDJLQLVLWURYDFKHDOFXQLLQGDJDWLVRQRDXWRWUDVSRUWDWRUL VLUHJLVWUDQRGLYHUVLGDQQHJJLDPHQWLGLFDPLRQPHQWUHFLVRQRVRORSRFKLHSLVRGL FKHULJXDUGDQRVSHFL¿FDPHQWHLPHFFDQLVPLGLIXQ]LRQDPHQWRGHOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DX-WRWUDVSRUWR21*XDUGDUHFRQDWWHQ]LRQHDTXHVWLXOWLPLHSLVRGLSHUPHWWHGLGHOLQHDUH FRQSLSUHFLVLRQHDOFXQLPHFFDQLVPLFKHFRQVHQWRQRDVRJJHWWLULWHQXWLYLFLQLDL JUXSSLFULPLQDOLGLFRPSULPHUHLFRVWLG¶LPSUHVDRFRPXQTXHGLWUDUUHSUR¿WWRGD
/D ULOHYDQ]D GHO VHWWRUH GHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR QHOOH YLFHQGH GHOO¶LQGDJLQH $HPLOLD q WUD OH DOWUH FRVH WHVWLPRQLDWD GDOOD FRVWLWX]LRQH GL SDUWH FLYLOH QHO SURFHVVR VFDWXULWR GD SDUWH GL XQ¶DVVRFLD]LRQH GL FD-WHJRULDGHOOHLPSUHVHGLDXWRWUDVSRUWROD),7$&1$3HUXQDSSURIRQGLPHQWRGHJOLDVSHWWLLQHUHQWLDOOD FRVWLWX]LRQH GL SDUWH FLYLOH QHL SURFHVVL GL PD¿D VL ULQYLD DO VDJJLR GL )DELR 1LFROLFFKLD FRQWHQXWR LQ TXHVWRVWHVVRYROXPH ÊLOFDVRGL$QJHOR6DOYDWRUH&RUWHVHQHOO¶LQGDJLQH³3DQGRUD´HGL*LXVHSSH*LJOLRLQTXHOOD³$HPLOLD´ $OSDULGLTXHOFKHDFFDGHYDQHOFDPSRGHOO¶HGLOL]LDDQFKHLOVHWWRUHGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRHUDXVDWRSHUOD UHDOL]]D]LRQHGLIDOVHIDWWXUD]LRQLDO¿QHGLIURGDUHLO¿VFR 21ÊGDDJJLXQJHUHFKHSURSULRQHOO¶LQGDJLQH³3DQGRUD´HPHUJHO¶LPSLHJRGHLFDPLRQFKHIDQQRODVSROD WUDOD/RPEDUGLDHOD&DODEULDSHULOWUDVSRUWRGLDUPL,QTXHVWRFDVROHDUPLYLDJJLDYDQRGD1RUGYHUVR 6XG7ULEXQDOHGL&DWDQ]DUR1HOO¶LQGDJLQH³$HPLOLD´LQYHFHXQFROODERUDWRUHGLJLXVWL-]LDVRVWLHQHFKHLFDPLRQIXURQRLOFDQDOHWUDPLWHLOTXDOHDOFXQLIXFLOLPLWUDJOLDWRULJLXQVHURGDO%HOJLRD 5HJJLR(PLOLD/HJLRQH&DUDELQLHUL(PLOLD5RPDJQD
TXHVWRVHWWRUHGLDWWLYLWj ,OSULPRHSLVRGLRKDDFKHIDUHFROIXUWRGHOODPHUFHWUDVSRUWDWDFKHVLqYL-VWRqXQDGHOOHIRUPHGLLOOHJDOLWjWLSLFKHQRQQHFHVVDULDPHQWHDFRLQYROJLPHQWR PD¿RVRGHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR,QEUHYHDFFDGHFKHDOFXQLSHUVRQDJJLULWHQXWLYLFLQL DLJUXSSLGLތQGUDQJKHWDVLPHWWDQRG¶DFFRUGRFRQXQDXWRWUDVSRUWDWRUHDI¿QFKp JOLFRQVHJQLXQFDULFRGLSQHXPDWLFLGLFKLDUDQGRSRLDLFDUDELQLHULGLHVVHUVWDWR YLWWLPDGLXQDUDSLQDDPDQRDUPDWD/DOHWWXUDGHOOHLQWHUFHWWD]LRQLHO¶HVLWRGHOOD YLFHQGDPRVWUDQRFKHLOOLYHOORGLSURIHVVLRQDOLWjFULPLQDOHGHOOHSHUVRQHFRLQYRO-WHQHOO¶DWWLYLWjGHOLWWXRVDqGDYYHURPROWREDVVR3HUDOWURLSHUVRQDJJLLQRGRUGL PD¿DVLODPHQWDQR±DUDJLRQHDJLXGLFDUHGDOORVERFFRJLXGL]LDULRGHOODYLFHQGD ±GHOODVSURSRU]LRQHWUDLOULVFKLRFRUVRHLOJXDGDJQRRWWHQXWRFRQO¶RSHUD]LRQH 6LJQL¿FDWLYRDOSURSRVLWRULVXOWDDOWUHVuLOFRPPHQWRGHO*LXGLFHSHUOH,QGDJLQL 3UHOLPLQDUL³3XUHVVHQGRFRQGLYLVLELOHO¶DVVXQWRVHFRQGRFXLWDOLDWWLSUHGDWRUL DSSDUHQWHPHQWHPDUJLQDOLVLULYHODQRLQUHDOWjIXQ]LRQDOLDFRQVHQWLUHORVYROJL-PHQWRGHOO¶DWWLYLWjGLDXWRWUDVSRUWR«LQFRQGL]LRQLGLDVVROXWRYDQWDJJLRGDXQ ODWRQRQHPHUJRQRLQDOFXQPRGRLFRQWUDVVHJQLGHOPHWRGRPD¿RVRGDOO¶DOWUR QRQDSSDUHFHUWRRHVWUHPDPHQWHSUREDELOHLOUDSSRUWR¿QDOLVWLFRWUDODFRQGRWWD H O¶DVVRFLD]LRQH PD¿RVD QXOOD SRWHQGR HVFOXGHUH FKH L SURYHQWL VDUHEEHUR VWDWL VSDUWLWLHVFOXVLYDPHQWHWUDLGLUHWWLLQWHUHVVDWL´7ULEXQDOHGL%RORJQD
8Q VHFRQGR HSLVRGLR ULJXDUGD LQYHFH LO WUDI¿FR LOOHJDOH GL FDUEXUDQWH FKH FRPH VL q YLVWR q XQ¶DOWUD PRGDOLWj DWWUDYHUVR OD TXDOH VL SRVVRQR FRQWHQHUH L FRVWLG¶LPSUHVD$QFKHTXHVWDQRQqXQDSUDWLFDQpLQYHQWDWDQpSUHYDOHQWHPHQWH SRUWDWD DYDQWL GDL PD¿RVL GL TXDOXQTXH WLSR ,Q TXHVWR FDVR L SHUVRQDJJL UL-WHQXWLYLFLQLDLPD¿RVLDSLULSUHVHGLVFXWRQRGLFRPHULFHWWDUHPLJOLDLDGLOLWUL GL JDVROLR UXEDWR 'L FRPSLHUH L IXUWL DL GDQQL GL FRQVRU]L DJULFROL R DQFKH GL FRQGRPLQLLVLRFFXSDXQDEDQGDVSHFLDOL]]DWDQRQVWDQ]LDOHSURYHQLHQWHGDOOD &DPSDQLD,OJDVROLRYHQLYDGXQTXHULYHQGXWRDJOLDXWRWUDVSRUWDWRULDXQSUH]]R LQIHULRUHDTXHOOR³DOODSRPSD´PDFRPXQTXHRVFLOODQWHWUDH(XURDO OLWURGXQTXHQRQSURSULRVWUDFFLDWR/HUHOD]LRQLFKHWDOLDXWRWUDVSRUWDWRULSRVVRQR YDQWDUHQHOPRQGRGHOO¶LOOHJDOLWjFRQVHQWHORURGLFRPSULPHUHXQDYRFHGLFRVWR LPSRUWDQWHDQFKHVHODTXDQWLWjGLJDVROLRUXEDWRQRQqLOOLPLWDWDHODVXDGLVSR-QLELOLWjqGLI¿FLOPHQWHSUHYHGLELOH/DYLFHQGDGHOJDVROLRUXEDWRFRQVHQWHSHUz GLULÀHWWHUHVXXQDOWURDVSHWWRFKHWUDVSDUHGDLGLDORJKLLQWHUFHWWDWL/DEDQGDGL ODGULLQIDWWLQRQ¿GDQGRVLGHJOLLQWHUORFXWRULSUHWHQGHGLHVVHUHSDJDWDLQFRQWDQWL HDOODFRQVHJQDGHOODPHUFH(PHUJHDOORUDODGLI¿FROWjGLPROWLSHUVRQDJJLULWH-QXWLYLFLQLDOODތQGUDQJKHWDGLSURFXUDUVLFLIUHWXWWRVRPPDWRHVLJXHFLQTXHPLOD (XUR FKH LPSRQJRQR DG DOFXQL GL HVVL GL ULQXQFLDUH DOO¶DIIDUH &RQWUDULDPHQWH DOODUDSSUHVHQWD]LRQHSXEEOLFDGHLVRJJHWWLPD¿RVLRSDUDPD¿RVLFKHOLGHVFULYH FRPHSHUVRQDJJLLQFHUFDGLDWWLYLWj±FRPHO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWR±LQFXLULFLFODUHXQD FRVSLFXDOLTXLGLWjGHULYDQWHGDLWUDI¿FLLOOHFLWLOHSHUVRQH¿QLWHQHOOHPDJOLHGHOOD PDJLVWUDWXUDVHPEUDQRDOFRQWUDULRDYHUHVHULSUREOHPLGLGLVSRQLELOLWjHFRQRPL-FDRTXDQWRPHQRGLOLTXLGLWj'HOUHVWRFRPHDIIHUPDQRJOLHVSRQHQWLGHOOHIRU]H GHOO¶RUGLQHLQWHUYLVWDWLULIHUHQGRVLDGDOFXQLSURWDJRQLVWLGHOO¶LQGDJLQH$HPLOLD ³TXHVWLSX]]DQRGLIDPH´ 'DXOWLPRVHVLJXDUGDDOODSUHVHQ]DPD¿RVDQHOO¶DXWRWUDVSRUWRRFRPXQTXHDO